Joseoh Lead Co.

While the conventional formula for white lead 5 is 2PbC03.Fb(0H)2, the commercial product is found to contain varying chemical combinations of lead carbonate (PbCCb), lead hydroxide <Pb(OH)2) and uncombined normal lead car bonate (PbCCb).

2) How accurate is the determination of blood lead in estimat ing soft tissue lead or whole body lead?

-Boston Lead Company.

- AM Lead Industries is soelation t?

- AM Lead Industries is soelation t?

The pig-lead output, r

January 12* 1943* fr* Xarl iambaoh* dept* bio logical Chcraistry* College of 1'ledicine*. diversity of Cincinnati* Cincinnati, Ohio* Sear -hr I'asib&ehJ I have road with interest your paper with Kehoo and logon in the latest Journal of Ph&xrmoology end Ixporimaatal fhoraTxnvfcics and should ho grateful for a reprint* It Is unfortunate that you wore led to state that your data cast doubt upon ny conclusions* v/hon as a flatter of fact the data you reported are rathor lrr39$9Bjrb to those conclusions* Since I r.ip.y have failed to sort extent in leaking mysolf perfectly clear in ny paper on the lead citrate complex* perhaps I ray take this opportunity of clarifying the issue* by studying potontiometrically certain solutions of sodium citrate and load nitrate I was able to arrive at a formula and a dissociation constant (at the ionic strength and pH of plasm) for a lead citrate complex which I had previously shown to exist* From, the value for this constant and the norml citrate concentration in human blood it was possible to arrive at a value of about 20 for the ratios (lead citrate complex)/(lead ion)* To state it simply these data indicate that 20 tines as much load existed as a soluble lead citrate ion than as simple lead ion* Wince without knowledge of the presence of soluble complexes of lead in the blood all the soluble load must be in the form of the simple lead "on, 1 ;na able to state that ttthe normal blood citrate is capable of keeping in solution &n amount of load 20 times as groat as that which tho solubility of the insoluble lead compounds of tho body would otherwise permit* I do not soe how your findings of loss than 10.5 of tho blood lead in the serum ( a fact which I had always assumed as so on purely theoretical grounds) in any my casts doubt on or is even pertinent to my conclusion* Hot that I did not say that citrate of normal blood keeps 20 times as much lead in solution as in insoluble form* bote also that you I\avo no reason for assuming that blood, in plasma is in 3olution*&s a matter of fact there is good reason to fool that moot of the plasm lead is non-diffusib to* oven with 1,5 of tho lead of the blood present in the plasma there could still be 20 times as much lead wesent as the citrate complex than as simple lead ion In only one oaBe Jo your results approach pertinence to my conclusions* your experiment with citrate as on anti-coagulant* From purely theoretical considerations I should expect citrate to cause ail increase in plasm load at the expense of erythrocyte lead* but oven here a failure to observe such a redistribution would not reflect upon the validity of n?

As a CDC official said at the blood is tantamount to lead poison a lead industry health conference on Oct. ing.

. - Consumer and secondary smelter stocks, receipts, and consumption of lead in refinery shapes and in copper-base scrap in August 1969 (Short tons, lead content) Type of material consumed Stocks Stocks Change in July 31, Net Tonsucption August 31, stocks 1969 receipts 1969 July 31 to Quantity Per cent Quantity Per cent Quantity Per cent Quantity Per cent Aug. jx (Percent) loft lead------- ------Arvtir.onial lead--Lead alloys------ Ccpper-oase scrap- 65.984 .66,923 3,586 913 46 71,954 67 47 31,078 29 6 3,312 3 1 1,139 1 71,016 30,119 2,952 1,235 67 29 3 1 66,922 67,882 9,446 817 L6 *1.4 47 +1.4 6 +10.0 1 -10.5 Total------------- 142.406 100 107,983 100 1/105,322 100 145,067 100 +1.9 1/ Excludes 2,775 tons of lead which went directly from scrap to fabricated products and IX tons of lead contained in leaded zinc oxide production.

Lead Pigoerts* Litharge Orange Mineral Bed Lead lihite Lead All Pigments containing lead, dry or in pulp, or ground in or mixed with oil or water, n.s.p.f.

XV, 1933$ which gives extensive data on the lead intake of Americans and the sources of tills lead.

Evaluation of studies of the relationship between blood lead and air lead.

.-------- --' ' - -- " Lead.

'WALL STREET JOURNAL FRIDAY AUGUST 27, 1982 Lead Balloon .