/9d/ Xattnnal Safety Congress On every side, and as far as the ere could st.< Into the heavy distance, tall chimneys, crowding on each other, and presenting- that endless repetition of the same dull. ugly form, which is the horror of oppressive dreams, poured out their plague or smoke, obscured the light. and made foul the melancholy air.

Yazoo Gty, Miss.; E.

t) Yoik i Oe* iford.

Indualrlal HvaUni Diae.l AurukIi lOfal hatardt.

Itiduatrtal Hygiene Digest December. 1962 Xtr I 11)0 Proteinuria in Chronic Cadmium Poisoning. (2) The Applicability of Quantitativs and Quali t tative Methods of Protein Pet*rmiiwttcn for the Demonstration of Cadmium Proteinuria.

m member companies.

Meeting of Members, October 2 1, 1964 of its members and of industry generally.

SAFETY ORGANIZATION AND SAFETY INSPECTION aids, and result in making it a safer and more healthful place in which to work A plant benefittmg from an effective safety program will have a working environment in which operations can be conducted eco nomically, efficiently, and safely In preparing for an inspection, it is ad visable to analyze all accidents for the last several years so that special attention can be given those conditions and those loca tions known to be accident producers Safe ty inspections may be classified as follows 1 Periodic inspections 2 Intermittent inspections 3 Continuous inspections 4 Special inspections Periodic inspections Periodic inspections are those scheduled to be made at regular intervals It is ad visable to schedule inspections for the en tire plant, for certain operations, or for certain types of equipment Such inspec tions may be made monthly (Fig 2-7), semi-annually, annually, or at other suit able intervals Some types of equipment, such as elevators, boilers, unfired pressure vessels, and fire extinguishing equipment are required by law to be inspected at regular intervals All periodic inspections should be well planned so they can be made with dispatch and efficiency A tickler file or some other method should be set up so that those in charge can be notified sufficiently in advance of the scheduled date to make necessary preparations General inspections In many plants, it is an established policy to make a general in spection of the entire premises each year, except for those departments or equipment that are scheduled for more frequent in spections A general inspection should cover those places that "no one ever visits" and "where no one ever gets hurt" Many of these outof-the-way places are located overhead where it is difficult to see a hazard from the shop floor Inspections should not be confined to those places where senous injuries have occurred Even no-injury accidents and near-accidents will often pomt to causes of future injuries General inspections are particularly valu- SAFETY INSPECTION These are some of the things to look for when making a safety inspection: 1.

HUMAN BEHAVIOR AND INDUSTRIAL SAFETY the years and his ability to cope with indi viduals who have used this name to "nee dle" him While an individual's capacity for intel lectual achievement is determined at birth, its development and utilization will vary Some take advantage of their opportunities, whether formal or informal, to develop their capacities Others, because of conflict within themselves or with the environment, do' little to develop their potential Certain ly, it is important for the safety man to try to help provide an atmosphere in which the individual will desire not only to work to the limit of his capacities, but also to in crease his knowledge in his field of work, and in which he will feel free to express creative ideas for improving the safety pro gram Habit patterns, so important both m physical skills and in relationships with oth er people, are established through the inter action of the individual with his environ ment Some people have established habit pat terns which make them useful, contribut ing, and acceptable members of groups, while other people are avoided because they have habit patterns that make them "hard to get along with " For whatever reason, lack of motivation, limited ability to learn, or poor training, such workers soon become liabilities to a safety program because of their poorly developed and frequently un safe work patterns Interaction of environment and heredity Whether hereditary factors or environmen tal factors account more for individual dif ferences is not of great importance in this discussion It is important simply to recog nize that both heredity and environment play a part--that what one is today is the product of the interaction of the qualities with which he was born and the environ ment in which he has lived Influences of differences on safety The problem of individual differences has been related directly to the problem of safe ty in industry For some years, safety men and psychologists alike explored the con cept of "accident proneness" It was be hoved for a tune that herein was the final solution to the whole problem of safety.

MAINTAINING INTEREST IN SAFETY be cultivated, and its cultivation concomi tantly increases the ability to deal with peo ple individually.

MAINTAINING INTEREST IN SAFETY Fig. 7*17 This receptacle for suggestions has a locked door that protects over the poster frame so that the poster, as well as the cabinet-mounting screws, ore under con trol of the key Since poster change now requires opening the receptacle, sugges tions can be taken out at the same time Courtesy Personnel Materials Company gestions, should be substantial and of an en gineering nature Changing a method or material, guarding a hazard spot, invention of a safety tool or device are all in the class of suggestions to be paid for Putting up a sign, cautioning workers, publishing a slo gan are not Suggestion awards It is easy to meas ure the money value of suggestions that re sult in greater efficiency and reduced waste When a company has a formal suggestion plan, employees often are paid for these sug gestions in proportion to the savings to the company Although safety suggestions also have a money value, it is not generally easy to measure, hence, the sums paid for sug gestions that contribute to the welfare of die employees but result in no direct sav ings to the company often are estimates The distinction between safety awards and others is a mistake and can result only m the feeling that safety is regarded by the company as a sideline of no great impor tance Payment for a safety suggestion, ex actly as for other suggestions, should be based upon its real worth if that can be determined If a suggested safety device enables an operation to be run at a speed that would be dangerous without the device, it is easy to measure the saving If a number of acci dents have occurred on an operation and a suggested device will eliminate them, the cost of those accidents can be projected and a saving calculated Awards should be made in accordance with the merit of the suggestions Some companies give cash prizes, useful articles, certificates of ment, medals, or a tnp to the National Safety Congress Many compa nies exclude superintendents, foremen, de signers, and other supervisory personnel from receiving prizes, so that the other workers will have someone to whom they can go for assistance Suggestion committee If necessary, a special subcommittee can be set up to pass on the money value of safety suggestions so that employees will be rewarded for them exactly as they would be for other money-saving suggestions Many old, estabbshed suggestion systems now in operation are producing excellent results in savings and m the building of morale No company should start a sugges tion plan or decide not to start one without studying carefully plans now in operation Boxes and forms Suggestion boxes, at tractive and well placed, and special blank forms may be used It is essential that management acknowledge all suggestions promptly, to increase the interest ol the employees and to establish a spint of co operation Commercial suggestion forms also are available (See Fig 7-17 ) 7-90

PUBLICIZING SAFETY --Is Another Important MORRELL Product!

SOURCES OF HELP FOR THE SAFETY MAN Safety Guide for Unions Safe Practices and Health Practices Pamphlets Data Sheets Safety Reprints Training materials Supervisory training pamphlets Films Safety slides Posters Banners Calendars Safetygraphs Booklets The Council sponsors the National Safety Congress m Chicago each October, m terms of program, it is one of the largest conventions held anywhere Proceedings of each Congress are published annually under the title Transactions of the National Safe ty Congress Special services available through the Council are Consultation Library Employee Publication Statistical safety traininc The National Safety Council conducts basic and advanced train ing courses m safety engineering, each of Jive days' duration, at its headquarters of fice at 425 North Michigan Ave, Chicago, 111 As a part of membership service, these courses are offered to employees of member companies The courtesy of admission is likewise extended to representatives of aty, state, and federal departments and foreign governments Special courses dealing with industrial hygiene are also offered See the listing in this chapter under the heading "Educational Institutions" for col leges and universities offering courses m industrial safety and fire protection Community Safety Councils Some eighty community and state safety councils located throughout die United States have been chartered by the National Safety Council These councils work under the leadership of pubhc-spinted citizens, commercial and industrial interests, respon sible official agencies, and other important groups They are nonprofit, nonpohbcal, self-supporting organizations whose pur pose is to reduce accidents Accredited community councils operate under the guidance of a full time manager and staff and receive continuous service from the National Safety Councd A list of accredited councils can be obtained from the National Safety Councd These organizations give assistance to lo cal safety engineers and others concerned with occupational safety Safety men, m turn, render substantial service through participation in the local councd's work Many of the local councils offer the fol lowing services 1 Act as a clearinghouse of information on occupational safety problems, and main tain a library of films and other aids 2 Provide a forum for exchange of expe rience through regularly scheduled meet ings of supervisory personnel 3 Sponsor courses of safety instruction, m some cases with the aid of educational institutions 4 Conduct annual, area-wide occupational safety conferences 5 On request, give advice on safety prob lems and programs 6 Stimulate and assist m the development of accident prevention programs for all employers 7 Conduct safety contests with awards for outstanding safety records The scope and extent of activities of each group depend, of course, upon local condi tions and available resources AMERICAN NATIONAL RED CROSS Firlt-Aid Semico 17th and E Sit.

WELDING AND CUTTING \ er are loose, or if ground connections are poor If a holder of the correct size for the electrode cannot be used, an extra holder should be provided so that one can cool while the other is in use Dipping hot elec trode holders tn water should be prohibited.

ELECTRICAL HAZARDS be changed by a locksmith and two new keys cut for it In case of combination locks, only the im mediate supervisor, or whoever determines the company's or department's safety policy, should have a copy of the combination To make lockout systems operable, the purchasing department should be requested to buy either equipment with built-m lock ing devices or equipment designed for the insertion of padlocks In plants where older equipment is in use, or where explosionproof or dust-tight equipment is installed, it may be necessary for the maintenance de partment to construct attachments to which locks can be applied For example, special tongues to hold several locks, common hasps to cover operating buttons, and sliding-rod devices which can be extended and locked in position to prevent operation of control han dles can be devised No matter what method of locking elec tric switches "off" is used, effective control can be maintained only by constant super vision and by training maintenance men in the safe routine Following is a lockout procedure which is generally acceptable 1 Alert the operator 2 Before starting work on an engine or motor, line shaft or other power trans mission equipment, or power-dnven ma chine, make sure it cannot be set m mo tion without your permission 3.