The challenge is to sustain and build on that lead ership to steadily improve financial performance.

This move could lead to the first court test of the regu lation.

A more complete review of the pertinent literature that is referred to with regard to percutaneous absorption of lead salts should be supplied. 3.

Buenos Aires, Argentina Dear Mr* Roberts i Shanks fo r your le t t e r of June and fo r i t s information concerning Ch ile, Brazil and Venezuela* I wrote Dr* "eis3 some tiras ago, acceptin g h is resign ation with r egr et but suggestin g that i f he fouhd i t im possible to continue in h is work, th at he might return to you the volume with a r t ic le s on lead poisoning for your fu tu r e use for h is su ccessor* I hope the sit u at ion is S3 you su ggest , namely th at Dr* Weiss has resign ed merely because of in ac t iv it y , fo r in that event he w ill probably be w illin g to resume h is r elat ion sh ip with us i f and when the com er cial sit u at ion ju st i fi e s i t * That would be the id eal solu tion of the problem* I f you have occasion to see him, I hope you w ill assure him th at I do not want him to return the book to you i f he r e ally wishes to keep i t * Concerning the a r t ic le which you enclosed with your le t t e r , i t i s scar cely fa ir to say th at i t i s a comprehensive statement of the sit u at ion and th at i t shows a very profound under stan din g of the problem* In fa c t I should be disposed to think th at It is the work of a somewhat dogmatic and somewhat inexperien ced person* Although most of the fa c t s st at ed are e sse n t ially cor r ect , the emphasis is d ist in c t ly in cor r ect ly placed* You may fin d th at the two auth ors of t h is a r t ic le are qu ite well informed and th at they w ill bo able to put you in touch with a sat isfac t o r y con sultan t fo r u s, but I suggest th at you go rath er slow ly sin ce I 3hould prefer to have a soundly train ed doctor with no preconceptions about the problem than to have a somewhat poorly informed person who st a r t s out by regardin g h im self as an expert in t h is fie ld * Sound Judgment with r esp ect to lead exposure i s based only on experien ce, and I should be very sk ep t ical as to the wisdom of engaging a man who knew the su bject only from the lit e r at u r e 2 and had not had su ffic ie n t experience to temper h is judgment.

Mittnacht: In carrying on the experimental work on certain selected subjects in relation to lead absorption from the handling of Ethyl Gasoline, I have found it nexessary to modify my original plans somewhat.

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Lab Workers Lead.............................................Auto Mfg., Smelting, Battery Mfg.

Hot Working of Metals 43, "Table of Chemical Hazards," for sum maries of their physical properties Dust is generated in many foundry proc esses and presents a two-fold problem clean ing to remove deposits and control at the point of ongin to prevent further accumulation Some foundries have found water under pressure or mixed with steam to be a good cleaning agent A combination water and compressed air hose with a special nozzle also does a good job With this method, how ever, workers should wear approved respi rators see Chapter 38, "Personal Protective Equipment " In any case, water cleaning should not be done during or immediately before melting and pouring These opera tions should be started only after all equip ment has been allowed to dry thoroughly Vacuum cleaning is probably the most satis factory method used for dust removal in found ries, and the special equipment needed is well worth the investment Once dust has been removed, further ac cumulation can be prevented by local ex haust systems which remove it at the point of ongin Installations which follow the rec ommendations of Chapter 29, "Local Exhaust Systems," will control dust effectively Solvents include many different substances, each of which must be evaluated on the basis of its chemical ingredients Proper labeling, limitations on quantities m use, and other methods of control as detailed m Chapter 41, "Industnal Hygiene," can help minimize the toxic and flammable hazards involved in solvent use Acrolein occurs in foundry operations as a result of the thermal decomposition of core oil Aluminum is not usually a toxic hazard in casting processes, but does present a fire and explosion hazard in dust-collecting systems Antimony is usually an unimportant con taminant in foundry operations Beryllium may produce a typical pulmo nary disease, such as reported in one plant casting a 1 per cent beryllium-copper alloy Carbon, as sea coal, is a common ingredient of molding sand used for facing Carbon dust may cause anthracosis, which produces characteristic lung shadows in an X ray, but is a relatively harmless condition Carbon monoxide is generated during some cycles m the operation of a cupola, page 811 Chromium is encountered in stainless steel casting as the element or the oxide Expo sures occur during melting, gate and head burning, and grinding Fluondes, sometimes m the form of cryo lite (sodium aluminum fluoride), are used in the manufacture of ductile iron and magnes ium castings Iron oxide fumes and dust are created dur ing melting, burning, pouring, grinding, weld ing, and machining of ferrous castings Exposure may be particularly high where manganese steel castings or oxygen-lancing of the furnace is involved Local exhaust can be used (Fig 28-1) Lead is the greatest health hazard m nonferrous foundries It forms the oxide in melt ing, pouring, and welding operations Ele mental lead dust is produced in cleaning and machining operations Magnesium dust or chips create senous fire and explosion hazards Physiological effects are confined to a form of "metal fume fever" from the inhalation of finely divided magne sium Manganese is usually associated with steel castings and bronze alloys in foundry work and presents no special control problem Phosphorus is used m the production of phosphor-copper Acute cases of poisoning have not been reported and chronic cases are rare The drying of phosphor-copper shot may produce phosphine gas Resins--phenol-formaldehyde and ureaformaldehyde-- are used in shell molding and create several hazards The pheno -for maldehyde type contain hexamethylenetetra mine ("hex") which is a skin irritant and highly explosive This type ofresin also decomposes on heating to give a mixture of phenol and formaldehyde vapors Urea decomposes to 802

Cobalt-60 A radioactive isotope of the element cobalt Cobalt-60 is an important source of gamma radiation and is used widely m research Coffin A thick-walled container (usually lead) used for transporting radioactive ma terials Compton effect The glancing collision of a gamma ray with an electron The gamma ray gives up part of its energy to the electron Control rod A rod (containing an ele ment such as' boron) used to control the power of a nuclear reactor The control rod absorbs neutrons which would normally split the fuel nuclei Pushing the rod in re duces the release of atomic power, pulling out the rod increases it CONVERTER A nuclear reactor which uses one kind of fuel and produces another For example a converter charged with uranium tsotopes might consume urantum-235 and produce plutonium from urantum-238 A breeder produces more atomic fuel than it consumes A converter does not Coolant The fluid which conducts heat from the core of a reactor so that it can be put to work The coolant may be water, steam, hydrocarbons, or gases such as helium or carbon dioxide, or liquefied metals such as sodium CORE The heart of a nuclear reactor where the nuclei of the fuel fisston (split) and release energy The core is usually surrounded by a reflecting matenal which bounces stray neutrons back to the fuel It is usually made up of fuel elements and a moderator COSMOTRON A huge accelerator, one of the atomic "guns," located at Brookhaven National Laboratory It speeds up particles to the billion electron volt range The Brookhaven machine has a magnet weighing 2200 tons Counter A device for counting nuclear disintegrations to measure radioactivity The signal which announces a disintegration is called a count See Geiger counter and scintillation counter Critical mass The amount of nuclear fuel necessary to sustain a chain reaction If too little fuel is present too many neutrons will stray and the reaction will die out Curie A measure of the rate at which a radioactive matenal throws off particles The radioactivity of one gram of radium is a cune It is named for Pierre and Mane Cune, pio neers in radioactivity and discoverers of the elements radium, radon, and polonium One cune corresponds to 37 billion disintegrations per second CUTIE-PIE A portable instrument equipped with a direct reading meter used to determine the level of radiation m an area Cyclotron A particle accelerator In this atomic "merry-go-round" atomic particles are whirled around in a spiral between the ends of a huge magnet gaining speed with each rotation in preparation for their assault on the target matenal Decay When a radioactive atom disin tegrates it is said to decay What remains is a different element An atom of polonium de cays to form lead, ejecting an alpha particle in the process Deuterium Heavy hydrogen The nu cleus of heavy hydrogen is a deuteron It is called heavy hydrogen because it weighs twice as much as ordinary hydrogen Deuteron The nucleus of an atom of heavy hydrogen containing one proton and one neutron Deuterons are often used for the bombardment of other nuclei Dosimeter (dose meter) An instrument used to determine the radiation dose a person has received Electron A minute atomic particle pos sessing the smallest amount of negative elec tric charge found thus far in nature In an atom the electrons rotate around a small nu cleus The weight of an electron is so in finitesimal that it would take 500 octillions (500 followed by 27 zeros) of them to make a pound It is only about a two-thousandth of the mass of a proton or neutron Electron volt (ev) A small unit of energy An electron gains this much energy when it is acted upon by one volt See bev Element A basic substance consisting 1435

.- ' PIGMENT ' Lithcpoiie Basic Lead Sulfate . ' - 21JJ ; lii.7 : . 10% Leaded Zinc Oxide ' 3IU

The success of the program is best evidenced by the fact that the clinical experience there gave him the first leads on disease among the asbestos workers who were patients.

Urinary lead record (front of card).

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If there are any question please consult with lead operator or foreman.

Thus if Monsanto should ett off the Aroclor supply the Industry would need a long lead time to phase in some other impregnant.