As to normal lead excretion in the urine, our methods have revealed a mean normal figure of approximately 0,035 milligrams of lead per liter, While the normal range extends up to 0,08 milli grams per liter.

Gleason 2 June 10, 1960 of large numbers of normal Individuals ((persons with no occupational exposure to lead) and with corresponding numbers of persons employed by groups in lead-using and lead-handling operations.

The amount of lead as white lead added to the various paint mixes was said to vary between aero and 5 7 0 pounds per batch.

Vaint with LEAD DUTCH BOY WEIITE-LEAD \ 28136- Min. x 2 cols. (4 in.)

| .80 Lead Refining Department, East Chicago, Ind. 80 21d q Oxide Department,.

LEAD INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION, Inc. 292 Madison Avenue New York, N.

Even though a dust is classified as harmless, amounts above the TLV can lead to trouble by causing a pneumoconiosis, mechanically irritating the walls of the respiratory system, or interfering with ordinary lung processes Mica dust and kaolin dust are two good ex amples of dusts that ordinarily are consid ered benign but amounts above the TLV can cause a troublesome pneumoconiosis Mica pneumoconiosis has been observed in grind ing operations where mica dust, but no free silica was present There were marked changes in the X-ray pictures of the lungs and some disability The cases occurred where the dust exposures were massive over many years Industrially important metals and their compounds that can have a toxic effect when the dust or fumes are inhaled include arsenic, antimony, cadmium chromium, lead, manga nese, mercury, selenium, tellurium, thallium, uranium, and a few others The effect of some metals, such as mag nesium and zinc, appears to be transient Only limited data are available on the exotic and rare earth metals Although the dusts and fumes from metals with low toxcity do not need as much atten tion as the dusts and fumes from highly toxic metals, they should not be neglected or dis regarded The metals with low toxicity are more readily controlled because greater amounts can be tolerated, but their dusts and fumes should be kept at reasonable levels since excessive amounts of any of them can be harmful Inhalation of the dust of lead compounds is the most common mode of entry of lead into the system, and ingestion of lead compounds can add to the problem if personal hygiene is poor Workers therefore should be en couraged to wash thoroughly before eating, and lunchrooms should be set apart from work areas Smoking should be prohibited in work areas Work clothes and street clothes should be stored separately Lead is a normal constituent of plants and animals, and people ingest and excrete it daily even though they are not exposed to excessive lead m their daily work When intake rates exceed the normal excretion rates, however, lead builds up m the body When the accumulation reaches a sufficient level, symptoms of poisoning or intoxication appear The concentration of airborne lead should therefore be kept below the threshold limit because of lead's high toxicity and its tend ency to accumulate in the human system Beryllium intoxication is a severe systemic disease that can result from the inhalation of the dust or fume of metallic beryllium, beryl lium oxide, and soluble beryllium compounds (There is no evidence of intoxication from the ingestion of insoluble compounds ) Only the inhalation of the beryllium-bearing dusts or fumes produces systemic disease Ac cordingly, control of such dusts and fumes to keep them below the concentration specified by ACGIH (American Conference of Govern mental Industrial Hygienists) threshold limit values is a basic protective measure When the soluble salts of bervllium, espe cially beryllium flounde, contact cuts or ab rasions on the skin, deep ulcers may be formed which heal very slowly, and complete surgical excision of the ulcer is sometimes required to effect healing Metal fume fever is an acute condition caused by a brief high exposure to the freshly 1258

Lead Monograph 6.

.' * LEAD INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION 4M CKXiHOTOM AVCNWK NOT TOOT IT.

Lead in Gasoline XII.

Moreover, I am sending one other reprint entitled ''The Behavior of Lead in the Animal Organism II Tetraethyl Lead", of which ay supply is now exhausted.

Restriction Lead in PVC 5.

Some weeks have been spent in creating a source of finely divided lead.

Lead Industries Association, Inc.

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