Camming------------------------------- -------------History of tetraethyl lead in relation to gas e n g in e s , Mr.

Gorman knew of the possibility of tetraethyl lead intoxication.

Confusion of Ethyl Gasoline with pure tetraethyl lead still per sists in many quarters.

Dear Doctor Thompson: I am sending you herewith a "Memorandum on Certain Aspects of the Manufacture and Use of Tetraethyl Lead in Gasoline".

-over, absorb acre lead, t?

1 behsine* However a very considerable experience has shown that there are no undue hazards associated with the handling of aviation benzine even though it may contain from 4 co to 6 oo of tetraethyl lead per American gallon* From animal experimentation:these results are predictable* and If you will refer to one of the articles which I sent you on Th Behavior of Tetraethyl Lead In the Animal organism* you will flat experimental data on animals which show that tetraethyl lead is not abaorbed in appreciable quantity out of benzine* if the concentration is not In excess of one part por thousand* This concentration represents approximately if ec of tetraethyl lead per American gallon and is,therefore* well beyond the limits of the lead concentration shown by the product supplied by Romano-Americana This evidence* I feel* will serve to answer your question and will also show that the. statement-in the arfcible by Major Doctor Od* Apostal is based oa Idequate observation* The symptoms listed In your latter which Dr* Apostol attributes to the effects of lead absorption, are essentially those of either benzine Intoxication or carbon monoxide intoxication, or a combination of the two* I am very certain that the doctor has not seen persons with lead line as a consequence of this type of exposure.

1 behsine* However a very considerable experience has shown that there are no undue hazards associated with the handling of aviation benzine even though it may contain from 4 co to 6 oo of tetraethyl lead per American gallon* From animal experimentation:these results are predictable* and If you will refer to one of the articles which I sent you on Th Behavior of Tetraethyl Lead In the Animal organism* you will flat experimental data on animals which show that tetraethyl lead is not abaorbed in appreciable quantity out of benzine* if the concentration is not In excess of one part por thousand* This concentration represents approximately if ec of tetraethyl lead per American gallon and is,therefore* well beyond the limits of the lead concentration shown by the product supplied by Romano-Americana This evidence* I feel* will serve to answer your question and will also show that the. statement-in the arfcible by Major Doctor Od* Apostal is based oa Idequate observation* The symptoms listed In your latter which Dr* Apostol attributes to the effects of lead absorption, are essentially those of either benzine Intoxication or carbon monoxide intoxication, or a combination of the two* I am very certain that the doctor has not seen persons with lead line as a consequence of this type of exposure.

-ofchylethyl for tetraethyl lead must be considered In two relationships: I.

The organic lead otherwise (presumably degradation products of tetraethyl lead tend also to show that the material (Gunite) is not impervious to gasoline containing tetraethyl lead.

Jims 7, wm Captain E* L Bergquist, Station Hosptial, Air Corps Advanced Plying 'chool, Kelly Field,: Texas * Dear Captain Bergquistj I have your letter of* June 3rd and will endeavor `to answer your questions to the best of jay ability, 1* ETHYL riilTD contains tetradthyl lead and aa organic iialxd (In the avaition fluid the halid is tftyXensdihroisid, and the proportion of tetraethyl lead to othylsn^-ai-troaid is that theoretically required for complete combination to fora lead brtffldd), la the ocaabustioa* it is boliaved that the tetraethyl lead burns to load oxide and the halids to acid, these tssr then, ccaabining to farm, lead ha34d*, This material is largely volatil ized opt of the cylinder itself and is partially deposited In the exhaust system and partially blows out with the exhaust gases - 2e There is no evidence that there .is any material difference in th chemical reactions in th fuel between axttoasobila motors and air play motors# 3* Tetraethyl lead is oxtremsly easily oxidised and 1 do not believe that there Is ary possibility 'that uritnsrned tetraethyl lead con a arm out of th cylinders* 4* The experimental dote mina^iaa of the quantity of lead in exhaust gases ds^xiremely difficult since, at least* a part of .the load Is tton^very finely divided solid state which permits it to pass through most scrubbing systems.

Public Health Service Bulletin #712, "Public Health Aspects of Increasing Tetraethyl Lead Content in Motor Fuel'1, which v/e had sent him.

fo far as the toxic/properties :bf tetraethyl lead in gasoline are concerned, let /me remind you that in your volume of f,Lead Studies *3i the green book from .

In which lead tetraethyl occurs In the vapor state, and at times under pressure.

Tetraethyl-lead production.

The handling of a solution of tetraethyl lend in oil, or other solvents* involves two definite risks which vary in msgnitud# with the concentration of the solution* namely * lead absorption though the akin m the result of contact, ami lead absorption by inhalation of vapors rising from the solution*.