THE COST OF INACTION A socioeconomic analysis of environmental and health impacts linked to exposure to PFAS The cost of inaction A socioeconomic analysis of environmental and health impacts linked to exposure to PFAS Gretta Goldenman, Meena Fernandes, Michael Holland, Tugce Tugran, Amanda Nordin, Cindy Schoumacher and Alicia McNeill TemaNord 2019:516 The cost of inaction A socioeconomic analysis of environmental and health impacts linked to exposure to PFAS Gretta Goldenman, Meena Fernandes, Michael Holland, Tugce Tugran, Amanda Nordin, Cindy Schoumacher and Alicia McNeill ISBN 978-92-893-6064-7 (PRINT) ISBN 978-92-893-6065-4 (PDF) ISBN 978-92-893-6066-1 (EPUB) http://dx.doi.org/10.6027/TN2019-516 TemaNord 2019:516 ISSN 0908-6692 Standard: PDF/UA-1 ISO 14289-1 Nordic Council of Ministers 2019 Cover photo: Scanpix Disclaimer This publication was funded by the Nordic Council of Ministers.

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AR226-2918 FOR DU PONT USE ONLY cc: Haskell E.

AR226-2967 Study Sponsor: Issue Date: Document Reference No.: ATOCHEM Unavailable (Data Only) Bacterial Growth Inhibition Author(s): J.C.

ARARG 3237 | | || || | A226. 3239 DuPontsets `TRADE SECRET 'H-24678: Study Title Inhalation Rats Approximate Lethal Concentration (ALC) in Laboratory Project ID: DuPont-8684 AUTHOR: John R.

@ AR226-3349 Development of analytical methodology for determination of Telomer B Alcohols, Telomer-derived anionic, nonionic fluorosurfactants and polymers.

Development of a Mammalian Screen to Evaluate Absorption and Persistence of Fluorina C Finlay, G.

PFOS: Fathead 1. 1 I CHRONIC TOXICITY TO EARLY LIFE STAGE OF FISH TEST SUBSTANCE Identity:Perfluorooctanesulfonatmea;y alsobe referredto as PFOS or FC-95. (1-Octanesulfoniaccid,1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8heptadecafluoro-p,otassium salt,CAS # 2795-39-3) Remarks field: The testsubstance isa whitepowder.

Fluoroc Sample Cr=ntreAnalyticalLaboratories,Inc. 3048 Research Drive Phone: (814)231-8032 StateCoilege,PA16801 Fax:(814)231-1253or (814)231-1560 Ana"-calRepo4 FluorochemicalCharacterizatioonf DrinkingWater Samples Columbus, GA (W2336) CentreAnalyticalLaboratoryReport No. 023-007F TestingLaboratory CentreAnalyticLaalboratoryI,nc. 3048 Research Drive statecollege,PA 16801 3M Environmental Laboratory Contact Kent R.

Screeiiink And Alba 5/8/98 3M EnvironmentalLaboratory-FluorineAnalyficalChemis= Khs Hansen- Sr.AnalyficaClhemist FluorineAnalyticaClhemiwy Team Building2-3E-09 612-778-6018 Team Screeningof PFOS levelsin Eagles and Albatross Summary: Ten samplesofbud sem ofbirdwxa, frm fmmjwi=dc baldeagleand &a from Laym albatrossw@e receivedatthe I-ab.Ile tWe serawas collectefdrombirdsinNorth= M=esota (Isample)t,heUppa PeninsulaofMchipa (2samples)a,nd thelav= Peninsulaof Mchipn (2umples).Allfrm aftum sanwl wereobtainefdrombirdsAmd attheOff= Cb*plot an SandTt]2niwithintheMdway AwU inthenorthcenu2lPacideO=m The s= sampleswereodmcta omam wereanab-adquanttmvelyft p sumnate (]?

ANNEX VI Teflon PTFE Properties Handbook f Teflon PTFE fluoropolymer resin Properties Handbook Table of Contents Introduction .....................................................................................................................1 Typical Properties .......................................................................................................1 Patents ..........................................................................................................................1 Effects of Processing ......................................................................................................1 Dielectric Strength ......................................................................................................3 Tensile Strength and Ultimate Elongation ...............................................................3 Specific Gravity ...........................................................................................................4 Macroscopic Flaws ......................................................................................................4 Microscopic Voids .......................................................................................................5 Visual Inspection .....................................................................................................5 Dye Penetrants ........................................................................................................5 Specific Gravity Comparisons ....................................................................................5 Crystallinity and Molecular Weight ...........................................................................5 Practical Crystallinity Limits .......................................................................................5 How to Specify Typical Fabricated Parts ..................................................................6 Suggested Test Methods for Various Shapes ..........................................................6 Strength and Stiffness ...................................................................................................8 General Characteristics ...............................................................................................8 Design Considerations ................................................................................................8 Strength and Stiffness ................................................................................................8 Tensile Stress ..............................................................................................................9 Compressive Stress ....................................................................................................9 Shear Stress.................................................................................................................9 Poisson's Ratio ............................................................................................................9 Modulus of Elasticity ..................................................................................................9 Creep and Cold Flow ....................................................................................................16 Apparent Modulus of Elasticity ................................................................................16 Stress Relaxation ......................................................................................................16 Compressive Recovery .............................................................................................16 Recommendation for Gasket Design .......................................................................17 Effect of Temperature, Fatigue, and Impact ..............................................................23 Thermal Expansion ...................................................................................................23 Low Temperature Properties ...................................................................................23 Thermal Conductivity and Specific Heat .................................................................23 Heat Distortion...........................................................................................................23 Elastic Memory ..........................................................................................................23 Decomposition at Elevated Temperatures .............................................................25 Impact .........................................................................................................................25 i Table of Contents (continued) Hardness and Friction ...................................................................................................25 Hardness ....................................................................................................................25 Friction ....................................................................................................................... 26 Abrasion and Wear .......................................................................................................26 Electrical Properties ......................................................................................................28 Dielectric Constant ....................................................................................................28 Dissipation Factor .....................................................................................................28 Dielectric Strength ....................................................................................................28 Surface Arc-Resistance .............................................................................................29 Volume and Surface Resistivity ...............................................................................29 Other Properties ............................................................................................................29 Weathering ...............................................................................................................29 Miscellaneous ...........................................................................................................29 Chemical Properties ......................................................................................................29 Resistance to Chemical Attack ................................................................................29 Permeability ..............................................................................................................29 Forming and Fabrication ..............................................................................................30 Choose Correct Working Speeds ............................................................................30 Properly Shape and Use Tools ...............................................................................30 Rules for Dimensioning and Finishing ...................................................................31 Closer Tolerances .................................................................................................31 Measuring Tolerances .........................................................................................31 Surface Finishes ...................................................................................................31 Safe Handling ................................................................................................................31 Typical Applications .....................................................................................................32 References ..................................................................................................................... 34 ii Introduction Teflon is a registered trademark of the DuPont Company for its fluoropolymer resins.

SUMMARY FOR FOAMING STUDIES DONE ON VARIOUS AFFF PRODUCTS TEST SUBSTANCE Identity:Mixturescontainingperfluorooctanesulfonatweh,ich may also be referredtoas PFOS or FC-95 oras a component ofAFFF products.

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