Lead Industries Association has arranged to finance a stuili/ of the prevention of lead poisoning in ehildrrn, at the Johns Hopkins 1Hi versify. 11tern ,\ tl.'

New Tork,. for lead and prime western grade.

Ciia raprae--to little or -- change in the thlckaeee of lead opacified.

E vaporation of Lead A lkyls - H.

RESULTS OF "ETHYL" LEAD-IN-AIR ANALYZER TEST Test Number Date and Time of Test Micrograms of Lead Per Cu.

LEAD INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION H *T * ITDin NCW VOMC ir, N. f.

LEAD INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION H *T * ITDin NCW VOMC ir, N. f.

: (2) The con trastin g to x icity of lead ed g a so lin e / in which tetraeth yl lead is so high ly diluted - never m ore than 1 part in 945 parts of ga so lin e by volum .' in aviation g a so lin e , and n ev er m o re than 1 part in 1260 p arts in autom obile gasolin e - a s e sse n tia lly to lo se its toxic p ro p erties.

NOT FOR PUBLICATION REPORT OF THE PRESIDENT T 0 THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS FOR THE F IRST QUARTER FISCAL YEAR 1959 Introduction Because of the tremendous national significance that has been accorded the recent business recession, I have personally spent a great deal of time talking about and analyzing the problem in our industry publica tions and also in personal discussions and meetings, I steadfastly maintained that there would be no recession in the paint, varnish and lacquer business.

He not only notes the information that should be gained in these sur- veys but also includes pertinent comments on proper con- duct within the plant on the part of the person making the survey Conditions to be watched for are described briefly in the following paragraphs Where such conditions are found the physician should become more completely informed through references such as are listed by the Council on Industrial Health of the American Medical Association.3 FREER EEE TERRE EEE EEEEE TERE EERE EEE EEE EERE EEE EEE EEE ey 39 POTENTIAL HEALTH HAZARDS Injurious Materials Dusts Pneumoconio.sTihse hazard presented by dust in an occupational environment is dependent on a number of factorIst is necessary first to know something of its composition Abrasive blasting may involve free silica in the form of quartz if a flint or sand abrasive is used In this case the dust exposure of the worker must be kept at a low level if silicosis is to be avoided On the other hand where steel abrasive is used to remove scale from steel forgings the dust contains no silica and consequently need not be kept under as meticulous control as in the former instance The maximum amount of dust that can be considered acceptable depends not only on its composition but also on its particle size and the duration of exposure Generally dusts present in work atmospheres include appreciable proportions sufficiently small to reach the alveoli The exceptions are rare In regard to duration of exposure not only to dusts but to other hazardous materials an operation may be observed to be brief but inquiry should be made as to whether it is repeated during the day and how often Where production involves a number of diverse operations it is well to inquire whether activity at other periods during the day or week may involve exposures greater than those observed The dusts most likely to produce disabling pulmonary involvement are those containing free silica that is silicon dioxide not chemically combined with other elements Such dusts occur frequently in industry Inquiry should be specific in regard to this component especially since the presence of free silica may not be readily apparent For example soapstone powder widely used to keep layers of unvulcanized rubber from sticking together may contain from 0 to 17 of free silica depending on its source The most common form of free silica is quartz which occurs widely in nature Natural materials widely used in industry that should be regarded as potentially productive of silicosis because of their high silica content are granite flint sandstone sand tripoli and diatomaceous earth Dusts containing asbestos should also be noted because prolonged exposure to asbestos dust in excessive concentration may result in a type of pneumoconiosis known as asbestosis which may be disabling In coal mining and handling attention should be given to the possible development of coal workers pneumoconiosis a recently recognized but incompletely explored clinical condition due to exposure to coal dust per se as well as to the possibility of silicosis from exposure to free silica in the rock associated with the coal in certain areas Metals and Their Compounds large number of metals and their compounds are used throughout industry As a potential industrial health hazard the most prominent of PEER ERE IER 40 these is lead which may be present alone or in a wide variety of compounds The chief mode of entry is inhalation of dust or fume Percutaneous absorption of metallic lead and inorganic lead compounds is insignificant but tetraethyl lead and a few other organic compounds of lead may be absorbed through the skin under suitable conditions Molten lead ordinarily does not present a hazard unless its temperature is well above its melting point Special attention should be given to operations where lead may be s

Regarding the nainteaanco nan x *jo oust bom the lead eer tp fro a around th o a d d s , 15 s r it e r fe a le th a t th la lead can be scraped o ff the said,a and flo o r , thm?

Sublimed blue lead .............................

Sublimed blue lead ..............................

LEAD DIOXIDE HARMFUL DUST Avoid breathing dust.

D eter m in e w h eth er th ere a r e an y ch an ges in the e ffe ct s on m etab o lism in the su bstitu tion of the lead alk y ls for tetram eth yl lead.