Hunter said that wherever possible exhaust ventilation through hoods must be applied at the point of origin of the dust or fume It is in use in the manufacture of electric accumulators and of white lead in the manipulation of silica and asbestos and of carbon bisulphide and : benzene in indiarubber works In certain instances * general as opposed to local exhaust ventilation is applied A preventive method which has been widely applied in the mining metallurgical and ceramic industries is the substitution of wet methods for the original dry screening grinding milling and mining processes Education as to the nature of the danger factory physician should insist on the necessity of teaching the @ workman to take an interest in protecting himself He @ should be taught the importance of clean habits in lead works and should be made to understand such things as 4 the principles of dust suppression For example he should know that a vacuum cleaner is used to remove dust from a workshop for his protection and should therefore g never be employed with the motor reversed Cautionary } placards and illustrated notices should be used in the 3 rooms concerned so that the early lesions of the skin in anthrax and in chrome ulceration are familiar to all j The factory physician must never agree to a scheme where the workmen are kept ignorant of the poisonous nature of substances handled In the War American workmen were told that trinitrotoluene might indeed explode but was 4 otherwise harmless This attitude was a distressing 4 obstacle to those who tried to introduce into American 3 plants the safeguards which had been successfully adopted in this country Importance of Cleanliness Cleanliness of work places some dangerous trades constant vigilance by a staff of good foremen is necessary In the manufacture of trinitrotoluene absorption through the skin cannot be prevented unless benches tools floors and walls are kept spotlessly clean Where it is impracticable to use a wet process as for example in the manufacture of litharge the foremen must see that no dust is raised in shovelling Bodily cleanliness Cloakrooms washing rooms mess rooms baths nailbrushes towels and soap must be provided by the employers and used in their time Where absorption is known to occur through the skin as in the use of aniline nitrobenzene and trinitrotoluene appropriate protective clothing must be worn If direct contact with the poison cannot be avoided every means must be adopted to protect the skin The surface which is necessarily exposed may be covered with a bland ointment dusted with powder or washed frequently There is a risk in too much washing of the skin and care must be taken in such cases to use the least irritating cleansers to avoid scrubbing and to replace the lost oils of the skin by inunction with an animal fat General hygiene are certain principles which apply to all trades but are of greater importance in the dangerous trades because to neglect them may increase the susceptibility of the worker to the poisons concerned Measures must be taken to prevent long hours of work the employment of boys and girls undue heat from furnaces and steam from tanks and the use of underground workshops and bad lighting and ventilation During the War it was realised that hygienic surroundings good ventilation and lighting facilities for obtaining food at a reasonable cost and opportunity for rest and recreation were not only good for the worker but to the advantage of the employer The benefits derived from such improvements The Industrial Chemist April 1937 have served to stimulate the provision of further facilities for workers to enjoy a healthy life Except in the special rooms set aside for the purpose smoking eating and drinking must be forbidden in certain works for example lead works Otherwise a man might carry a compound of lead on his fingers to his cigarette and perhaps inhale a dangerous amount The simplest method of preventing an industrial disease is to prohibit the use of the toxic substance which causes it The possibility of such prohibition depends on the finding of an innocuous substance competent to replace the noxious one A low solubility glaze has been produced which protects the potter from the dust of white lead and in a similar way paint technologists have protected the painter of metals by the invention of a setting red lead The use of plastic rubber that is rubber in which litharge has been incorporated in a mother batch to the extent of 90 per cent will abolish the production of lead dust in certain processes in the rubber industry Extraction with sulphuric acid or oxidation will reduce or com- pletely remove the carcinogenic activity of a mineral oil such as that used in cotton mule spinning must be found for toxic solvents Substitutes Reduction of Manual Operations Wherever possible mechanical means should be substi- tuted for hand carriage Examples of this are seen in the use of cranes rails hoists travelling belts covered conveyers and hoppers and automatic packing machinery The abolition of hand filling of shells the substitution of blasting for blasting and of stainless steel for chromium plating and the use of a closed film steam evaporator in the manufacture of silver nitrate are further examples An outstanding contribution to the reduction of the risk of lead poisoning was the invention of the wet pulping method in the manufacture of white lead Glass workers cataract has been minimised by the invention of the glass making machine Knowledge as to portals of Where it is known by what respiratory aliment

1`1'IBHpw APPLICATION OF LEAD FOR SOUND INSULATING PARTITIONS A. v.

Annular White Lead Drier invent The development of the Annular ed by W, R.

arty lead Indurtrlaa Aaaocla*lea, Zao.

Louis Lead cents per lb.

1`1'IBHpw APPLICATION OF LEAD FOR SOUND INSULATING PARTITIONS A. v.

t-Zd-2 4 . ... _ Sputum cytopathological findings in former asbestos workers S.

mm L IA16200 vf LEAD INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION 4tO CCXIUCTOM AVCNUt MSW TOW* 7, M.

In that event, of courae, rod lead would bo at ao dieadvantage.

Stock mitochondria are from four control and three lead-fed rats.

Joseph Lead Company Josephville (Monaco),, Pa ?

Bo Lead: Unless othorwise noted each product listed meets the .06% maximum lead requirement.

RESPONSE: Objection: Defendant Coastal objects to this request on the grounds it is excessive, overbroad, vague, not limited to the time period relevant to this case, not limited to the site where Plaintiff allegedly worked, and therefore is irrelevant and not reasonably calculated to lead to the discovery of admissible evidence.

Inquiries into years subsequent to 1977 will not lead to the discovery of admissible evidence.

Accordingly, the congressionally-established definition of "lead-based paint" under LBPPPA (as paint having more than 0.06 percent lead) became effective automatically on June 23, 1977.