Document 4NEO2gyDg4K1D36joE1rkM2Q

m pmHpnp m LIA15656 w vtopvap^iaiavvayipOiav>raapBavapaaaaaavpv^aadtwaaoi*'a|varaav^vfviivaa iMiviravawi!ravvviv " SrUJHTKIAL HEAISj ASPECTS Of mi) COgCUttB "...... " ' ByDco G. Pcwiar, Wx-actor of Kaaltis mod 6a?arty lead Indurtrlaa Aaaocla*lea, Zao. S9e tMlKD Am, h* Tort XT, I* T. For praaamtatlco it tba Batlccal Safety Comall * Labor Santlna, toffwl Martlag oo faitiy wmts+, October JO, 2962, OtW|. latruductlo^ May jim i|e Mi ^ vtU tba aarly Wwtlii 2a tbla acraatiy, tba w cf Ini vaa axtra baaardoua la totoUy Mi ycrtaoalnsa vara tba rvla. Tbay vara aopactad. Bov rat la ao Irafar tba aaaa. Z m jrari to ba a M^ar of tte pccfaaalan ttidi bad a (raat daaX to do tlt tba iwaraal of tbia altaatloa. Bat va Xndortrlal ByglaalaU vara aot aloaa la our afferta at maralaf tba i load yrtawl^ traod, for thla aaa a food arable if eocparotlca by laduatrlaX pfeyalclaaa, tooOooXoglata and byglaalata. Faxfaapa tba bay affort aaa that cf tarteolap, and aa va prociil fwrtbar va vlXX ucdarataad battar tba gaaaoa for Boa to tlaa Xlalta, it vlll aot, of aonva, ba yoaalbla to acaar la a ao^lata araoar all of tba aarlooa load aaing laduatrlaa aod tba varlooa aoatnl artboda raydxad to yravaat vda teraaa aayoaura. Ibarafora, va vlll dlaoaaa tbla aaaa cf ov toovladyi of tba affaat of load oa tba boaaa ajnvtoH vltb aapaelal rafaraaoa to laduatrlal a^icaura aad tbaa irocaaA to a jhlloaoily of control for btaaa axpoaura la ladoatry tblcb aboald apply yaaoxally* Tcadcolcny i Baeanaa load axlata omytara Mi la all bloloyLaal rrganlraa of Alab va bava hacadadya, lta ooctroi la tba biraaa ayataa acaalata flrrt la tba raecjpsltlcn in yuantltatlav aamar of obat la aocval or aaoal and, follcarlay tbla, tba aaMuraaant yoantitatlvaly cf tba additional body buidaa l^inaal by tba particular axpoaura. Oaaarally, toadeoloflata verb vltb aaall .3 "3 r 1 . 1  mwgp mi LIA15657 ini --) mui 'wmmmmm vmmm mw LI&15658 ; * i -3- tttt, *t least oa tte Industrial Mane, tba noet ljportent hazard potential to ba free the libalatlcn at finely divided particles, we will pees over a * *t of tba Insertion ragperlnanta. Suffice it to eay, boweser, that tba Inflation erperinanti did provide a seat Important beae>Une for tba understanding of tba natabollan and fata of load la tba huNn body. bowing that all ham omtaln nomal niita of load la tbalr bodies. It teacnae necessary to ascertain that lonal --wart bafora acqr arpoaura erperlnanta worthy of tba nan* of Solanos ean ba Initiated. Zb order to nahe tbla deterainatloc, aaeh saperlMstal subject la followed for an average of cea ; year before tba experiment atarta. Ba la followed la tbla naaner. All of bla food la analysed for lead. All of bla beverage ecnewptlan la analysed for lead, tba air that ba breatbea duxlac bta eltfrt-bour axpoaura period la analysed for lead. All of bla bodily excretlcns are analysed for lead. Aa tba aaperlnanfeal adbjeet carries on bla worts at tba laboratory location la a anall root equipped aa aa office, iblch rocn mt t h aa tba tatpoeure chamber. It la a relatlsely elaple natter to drtemlae tba anovnt of lead be lrhalea during bla eight tmi working day. ibat happens dnrinf tba other sixteen boure of tba day can only ba epproxlnated, but baa bean backed by taatlag tba air la and about tba city of Cincinnati, bart all tbeee esperlaanta base takes place, think, if yon will, of the aagnUvtda of tbla tnOerUkli*. Curing a subject'1 eigfet boon la tba laboratory. It la a relatlsely sl^la natter for tba Investigator* to analyse all bla fooda and baseness, plus all of bla bodily excreta. Bowsser, terl^ the sixteen bown that be la easy fron tba Job tbare are a gnat naoy ecaplleetlcM, but a atlsfeetcr7 procedure baa bean established. Xt tba e\b>ct should eat m ffmm t. m .iij iipmwpwp^iwpfi m wmmm LIA15659 raatruraot n*l, b* order* * dq>11o*t*. 1b* duplicate la plaoad la a Iwt fra* aowtalnar and brouat baek to tb* laboratory. XT H>* etbjaot want* a m& of MffN or a ooka, h* crtm tw acff**# or two eokaa aa tb* eaaa nay ba, and bring* ooa baek to 1b* laboratory for analyala. Slrilrrly, all of hi* aaorat* ar* aawd and brou^st back to tba laboratory for aaalyala. iad, aa X **1A prtrloualy, tbl* go** on for a yaar la aaeh eaa* bafora tb* exparlnntal aaqporur* atart*. At 1b* and of tbl* jav tba laboratory baa a tboroo^ly- OoiMTit*d data abaat covering Ju*t about everything that oaa ba known about tbl* Individual and hla lead body burden. Of eouraa, clinical aad blocbaadoal j analyaaa ara ocntlanoua all during tbla pc*-expoaura parlod and taring tb* exposure parlod a* vallj far Inateno*, a blood nmiqil la takas enea a waak, at Inert, aad otbar atari nation* Including baaxt, Itaga, and *o on, ara ocntlnaoualy a*da. X right nation bora tbct tba mfejact 1* folloard for at laaat tbl* long* aad usually longer, at tba frwlnation of tba axparlaeat* to rak* certain tbrt 1 nothing la nlaaad vhieh nay ba of slgnlfle*BO*. 1 Iba tborou^maaa, accuracy, and praelalon of tbaaa bafora daacrlbad axparinairt# >blch, X believe, without pcacodant la tb* acrid of Sclenoa, bm lad ovar tb* part thirty yaaza to a tianandous fond of knowledge about laad and It* affect# In tba ban ayrtaa--knowledge which la avary eaaa la quantltatlw aad algnlflcast. fro* tbeaa axperlraet* and tbalr data gatbarad la tba Kittaring laboratory and al*nbcra, w haw a picture of whrt happen* to laad It la taken into tba bunas body. Vt know, for laataaoa, that tb* awxag* adult body ecetalae a total of rt laaat 80 ag. of laad. W* know tbrt tb* ewrag* adult Ingaata about 0.3 ag. of laad a day frea hla food and bowragaa, $Of of talxfc la wmmmmmmwm*. u "pwwiiw^lfifwipwgwil^^ .^. *.**^f^#trthi>,*Tai;^-'-eii'i' "vi * 11 mum LIA15660 1- , -...... 5* - >HilBiti via the fietl tract. Va knov tbs aonal range of variation of laad concentration la the blood and tba urine. Va know hoc mob lead it takes via tba irtulatlcn route to tip this balanne over Into an eaoeselve Absorption or latce&eatlon range. She picture then la of a bmaa body i*ioh >*< a certain anramt of lead distributed throughout tta organa and tlaaaae la a fairly nail blue-printed ninar and ebleh body takes In a certain anmart of lead la a unit period of tlna and allelnatea a eertaln Mount of laad la a unit of tine. Trcm tba raaolta of these saperiaente, and other* lllea than, eertala atandarda for load aipoeurs have been act. for Instance, there le a drlnkir* outer etenderd that applies tfrrou^iout the Qblted 8tates. Share la m lyrt-bour par day Industrial mtpoeure atandard for laad la the air of workroom. All of tfaaaa atandarda are baaed on logle and experience and are euaoaptlbla to adjintaawl either up or dom, aa facta My dictate. Nay Z point out to you at thla tlna that, althonji ay etfejoct la lead, noct of ihat X an saying today, aa far aa body burden and know moists are concerned, will apply to all other nctale and aaay, may ether sribstanom and aatarlala. X& other verde, lead la net alone In being found aa a <*--1 eonatltucat of the boom body. Owe a nay aaa the treinrtoue help that the Solease of Toxicology gives those of ue idio ere concerned vlth prevention and control manures. Va aaa the* prevention aeeeurea deelgaed far a 1001> allnlnatlon of lead, or anything alee for that natter, will be frustrated at the start end l^osslhle of achieve* mnt. Adequate a^loyee protection requires thet etendarda and goals be set and that recognition of the facta In a particular situation la absolutely neoeeeery la order to eoctroi vhatevar the closure nay be. As ve have bam dieouaelag, the situation vlth regard to laad la particularly la that .i^f^rn ^m m ^r< m im^mi i uiiiiiw, iml i ........igu ** jnewiwu .^iippBWfi>l),ll|im|.1 I1W ^HflllUipiPP!PlffH|pip8pP^y^^|P0WipjPjWP||pWW^P^^^ LIA1 5661 -----.. ^ .................................................-*- * bam ncr# valid lafamatlon on ihicb to oat then for say other aatarlsl. Bfeoalag than shat oar JuA^wot erlterls alii ha, v Mgr that sTssrtnt tbs situation that vt vuh to ecntrol, haaping la alad alseya that the sngaltuda of tha hasarA la la alaost Alraot proportion to the anooftcf flao maplrUbla float or fata that va alio* to oontaolaato the arte* Ventilation, respirators, vetting Aom of surfaoes and flaa poeAert, collate enclosure of proof at aoA to forth, art aaoag tha engineering tools at cur Alspoeel for control of Blast, aa va havt aIraarty pointed oat, te oaa arrar aehlovt Absolute or 10Cf control or alia!notion of any toads or fertile ootarlal, va met hot* --illnal supervision for our saplqysee. The Industrial physician perform several fmotlcns thloh art aot neoaaaacy to aoatlca la our praaeot discussion, loaiar, of jrlaa Uocrtaaot to ua aoA to tha physician la hla function la tha promotion of ssoesa absorption of tha toads notarial, la this oast land. Is will nasally aaad neoanrta of biological flalds, notably tha blooA and tha oorlaa. Budb nasanras dtould be noda before say lob exposure and st matins intervals daring tba exposure. hash Quantitative naaaui aaaats art not, la tb ms lives, Alagsostls of anything. thay art aartly aids to ssslst the jhyslslsn In the periodic oHnlca.1 evaluation of tbs sTpoesfl aagil qyta. Vllh adagnats engineering control ntesurta, nllnintl exaolastlon of wpottfl t^loytta U1 to atgotlva. than thasa exanlnetLone ravael othanrlaa, thara has hsan n fellura In our control aysten. Today la tha lrH -ruing Industries, them aren't aqj failures nor ahonlfl them he. Control Measures Vt have analysed *ist seat to us tha serious characteristic# vhldk i Mu.iei il " iimaawm ww ai ijpua im-!1.HJ.iJUl!JSIW^SHl-.LJ1 JJHliyogwaWEI mmm IS^iPPWPf Mltiiarwinirrrtir'rifc n IfWPiWiBP uiMWUMVf! m LIA15662 - >- iH'lilli -T- toeraaaad absorption and potoonlaga 1b tohrtiy. fm w aaU^li aa nay Njr that thara appear to to ftnr i primal and totob operate acaa*fcat aa a ahato of man, p to tba atdaairabla affact of toeraaaad dbacrptloa to tba; n*m, tba nofavorafela opaat of balanoa tolab a bad prrrioealy i to tba ayataa. tbaaa fear charactartotloa, it aaaoa to m, Bay ba broken by tha appltoatlon of proper ecetrol aeeoaraa, aa o will ootltoa yuadly, aagr eoa of tfelob rill operate to redone tba affaat amarmury abecrptlcn and natal potoontopa. Too U1 sola took Z aa new to lairil about all aatala bananaa tba aaaa prlaelplaa that apply to : protacticn elao apply to Inrraaaad abacrptlen and protacticn apetoat fron eipoeura to otbar natala. lot aa llat tbaaa foar cbaraetertotloa *itoh aa baaw fwd to ba to oparatlea to aaaxy todoatrlal attention toata fnlinnl^i baaa uoaiaiad. (l) Ibcra to erpoaura to aeou^i of tba natal. (t) ton to capoaura to tba rl#t ktod or tba rl# fora of (3) ton to Inadagnta protaetloa for tba nan. (t) That* to a obaraetartotle that tba todlaldaal to to a jbyato* loftcal atata of raafllnaaa to mOtmr a toato affaat. tba flrat obaraetartotle, that tbara auat bo an arpoaura, to arofi of tba natal. It aaana, to parfaetly dbrlooa and aaad hardly ba nantieoad. And ywt, aaoy ttoaa to our aapartonoa ptayatolana, naaaptra and etbara to toduati7 will aay that tba nan baa land p>* beoanaa ba to with a load oe^owd. dlaoa to nodaza elvUtoad Ufa and to laduatry mm. mmf' -ifiatoit LIA1566 3 rr -- -"Ulillir^ iii' " ilfr'YT i ' i f~'1 V .% of m wiy day c o m la ocsteo* act algr rltb load cad lead but with lit*, ewe, alnlra, p*ncna*, and ao ftrtk, all of tolsb ' pdMBUfi la da hea i;ta^ It to nte silly to silage toad a a to a astal neolte, or baa reeulted, la m sal osar* effaet. It ua or dlsfmaalca of the Ketterlac anyarlawda toat to 5 cantatas a eartala tend ct lead la a sort of dyoaale atallArlm i dally Intake la t*1*--* by dally eaoretloa, aad that eoaplete eUslnctUa of axyosm to lead, or any ether aatal for that natter, is aa *ag1iaar1m ad eooaaala leouftlUtr, a# U1 raallaa that oar ccaocn la control of ; lags asst land os to eon pnolaa analysts of situations tbae Is by tbs aan ldeatlfloctloo of lead (or ette aatal) la 1 the aaoond obaiaetarlstlo of aa Industrial yodaoelac dtsafcieB, than east be expocurs to tbe rl|d klad or rl#t fere of tba astal* la lyto really quite obvious. Bat ao aaoy tints tba dbrloae is icaorod or ftsytto sbsa pnssurss an teoutfA to basr sad anxiety ester* Into tbs sltoetlca. Mr lastaaoa, la tbs flaltolac of autndbUa bodies, tbs lead aoldand anas an aannttiifl ooar to eHwtnate surfsue toysrfactloaa bafon tba palatial fgardlca* than sneto filial aad aanrtlag la pirforaad aaaally, that la vltboaft poosr toola, large aaownta of lead an osad and introduced Into tto# surln.raed bob la a foot la tolafa tbs particulate alae Is so large that It esaacd ba tohalcd. Ban la, therefore, little or ao aaqwcure to lead aa tfaeae situation. Va aoold alto assy other examples, aooto aa tbs all bang* fact that gsleae on, tolob la lead auin.de, appear# to aater lato tba btaaa systes vltb difficulty aad, ocnea grant1y po&soalaia froa expeeura to this aatarlal do aot jaili mi iiaitiii imi >wu ir, iUeMuiMaiaues*gn^a*.aitei. PtepasafWl .imw |)|'> BISW HRPiRiPPiPPi^PPiP \ i.wiiiuiiii mmmw Li*15664 lliit'f 11. MinitfiM'iir - . w . ^ , . ^ | j .. . . . . . . . .f|, - i - ' -- - - ^ L ^ . i . ^ ------------. -- a* - :" jj i r t -- -'-TT-f ir iM i "-. Xb* third charaetarlatla, that protection fcr 1b* mb 1* alntja lbyrt la b pntefflrtin situation, 1* another cbrloue abaraetarlatle *<* aaj1* forfotoaa la praetloa. X *1m j o b tb* ara^T* of b wall ftaalgnad wtllrtln a/ati TMnylin hazardous mownt* of Mtartal tra the air bafon tto b ^V** mt hu b chin to tubal* It. lb* autpuaur* potential* aadat oartalalj bat tb* nn 1* protected and way work without 1X1 effect* rrn ihll* mnoundad bgr hi# ocnoautratlcn* at natarlal. lb* aavlcpa* mj b* prowldad with respiratory pretaeiiw* darloa* for wymra neb m aatalllilag. Or h* aaj work la m alr- eondltlcnad eras* Mb la a foundry, aa anotbar axaaple. Xa all rf thaaa attua tloaa ba la aurroundad bj hatardoua MotsU at batardoua klada at aatarlal and jwt ba Mtfara bo 111 affect*. lb* fourth abaraetarlatle la earn that X bawa labeled a ptqralologleal atata of raadlnaaa to aooql azad raaot adversely to tb* natal. Xbla la a abaraetarlatle bleb X do not lib* to lutrodm tiatiawaa X can't it and baoauaa It la difficult to control. X tblak w* bawa all aaaa nangilaa, boaem, Aar* on* or too aas out cf a wuakfuro* of a doaaa will o q m doan wltb a eaaa of palaonlBc la a work eltuatlan idkarw all factor* ar* nrwiiB tbrou#oUt tba araa. Bmiw ar* probably food arplainttfi'a for aucb occurraaoaa but tbj 1117 wltb tb# aitoatlon and tb* Individual. X suppose it would b# idaal If all of a raaotod la exactly tb* aana aamrr to or aarlrconast ao that a ali^la atandard would apply and that aurtrocnental control* could b* applied aa la aa exact aolaoo*. Ihlloaosblcallj speaking, tbla night aake for a aartala Brncitopy la Ufa. Boerrar, a* X aald previously, It la a rare Industrial altuatloa la ifclch awarjon* react* In tb* ana* aaaaar and to 1b* sane extant *>an a tenia laault atrlhM. .ifiy .. 11 i, wiuiai ** mitWii .rr.niiiiiii wHTmrta iliMtei WMifftenwaiMM. LI A15665 9 -10- Z bro foood tbat tbo eae of tbo bbore tour obaroaterlatiaa to darlaa control --our-- that will old la tbo prrruntlm of w h o m Bbocartlca of aatola la a handy aootal ooeocpt nd roally bolya to clarify a eituatlea ahlab * ocnfttlag at lta flrwt cnaot. for l&rtanee, wo flad that la Boat adwa laduatrlal aituatlcna abaxo pcrtxnlngt tad amative dbaorytleao la ant taint, all four of tbo above ebairootarlrtlca aro Gyexwtlag. ^ rwnrlin or ouutrrtlllag aaj o h of tbo ebove, bo affoet la that of breaking tbo toale dbala nd yntoonlm ao loaear rooolto. Inglnearing of wostllatlea lyati, proooaa cbaayaa, Intro duction of aow or evbatitnte oc^munda or aotorlala. Inroad boueataapliqu batter aaterlale *>-~<^-| technique#, ayetaaatl nelly-controlled prorlalcna for r--hygiene, aad enliefcing tbo oocyeimtloa of aagiloyoaa by frank aTjTaratica of tbo baaarda and ooctrol aaaaa prcpcead ara aaoog tbo aoat taycrtant aatboda tO to Bead. Va have attaaptafl to outTina far you pruit day thinking oa tbo tcodoology of load aad tbo way tbla thinking lafluaaoea tboao of wa oeaoanwd wltb prevention and hatard ocntrol fonetlcne la laduetzy. Aad I believe wa have oaoasalty for develoylxqi la laduatrlal toxicology quantitative, or : relation*) lyo tatwooo btanaa aad tbalr working anrtrocoeBt, aad tbat quantitative rclatlcwMhlyo boro taaa thoroughly ertabllabed for load Dili, together wltb tbo fort tbat aoat of tbo adverse load eryceuree la labaty today aro tba rooult of airborne aatorlal of rooplnblo slsee, boa lad no to aa aaalytla of tbo four laduotrlal cbarecterlatlce tbat w wuat oddrooo our oontrol aaaauroo at la ardor to ensoeed. tbo aaoust aad klad of oryoeura, tbo protection of oad jhyelologloal atato of tba aaa aro tbo l^rrtaat factors, control of ahlab can ec^lata our equation of safety. . i w pBiytg|o..i^iBjiaiwi.jo