. # LIA0P64S WHfTt LEAD PROMOTION WQGRAM LEAD INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION GnyW tU**. 420 Ua> Amn Km Yxi, R V.

Thus if Monsanto should ett off the Aroclor supply the Industry would need a long lead time to phase in some other impregnant.

Joseph Lead Company Standard Lime & Stone Company The Standard Ultramarine Company Sterling China Company Sterling Grinding Wheel Company Sun Sand Company Tuan Abrasives Company Toledo Edison Company Trenton Potteries Company Tri-State Zinc <L Lead Ore Producers Association --U-- Union Asbestos & Rubber Company Union Carbide & Carbon Corporation United States Potters Association United States Smelting Refining & Mining Company United States Steel Corporation of Del.

white-lead aiwl Dutch >rr oil tar V tnfc higher bnt ttwt hot it will ilwio *re rm wane?.

Thefeisno reason why if. lead-and

BtpoA and urine samples are being forwarded for lead determination.

Tcxao conductor, 5<X) &EM, Class "B" stranding, copper cable, vitb 'nrds'ced cambric insulation for 8000 volts un grounded neutral, color coding on Individual conductors, lead covered.

0.18 Laborers Available 20 Results on 7 0 .11 0.08 0.06 o.io 0.05 0 . 11 0.08 (0 .098) (0 .17 (0 . 12 2- Available 17 Results on 4 0.11 - 0*075 - (0.085) 0.19 - (0.24) O .03 0.12 - (0 .13) Urine results expressed as milligrams lead per liter; blood results expressed as milligrams lead per hundred grams.

This would lead to maldistribu tion of feeds.

Thinner walls can lead to thinner, lighter products, resulting in lower overall CO2 footprint.

Flammable and Combustible Liquids Forced ventilation may be required in many cases where repair work is to be done inside a tank Where fumes develop from welding or other repair work, mechanical air movers should be used or the workmen should wear fresh air hose masks On a large tank, a door sheet or sheets may be removed for ventila tion after the tank has been made gas free The opening also can be used to expedite removal of sediment and to increase illumina tion If a tank has been closed for some time, there may he a deficiencv of oxygen due to rusting (oxidation) of the metal of the tank In that case, no one should enter the tank without a supplied air mask or, for a relatively brief stay, a self-contained or self-generating breathing apparatus Cleaning aboveground tanks Here m step-by-step form is a summary of a typical procedure for cleaning tanks that have contained flammable or combustible liquids 1 Remove all sources of ignition (matches, open flames, smoking, gas engines, weld ing, exposed electrical wiring and equip ment) from the vicinity of the tank 2 Empty the tank by pumping, draining, and floating tank contents with water, introducing the water through fixed tank connections 3 Disconnect and blank all product, steam smothering, foam, and similar lines Do not rely on valves 4 Open all manholes and allow the tank to air thoroughly Ventilate or steam the tank for the number of hours required by its size If steam is used, cool and ventilate afterward 5 Have available the required personal pro tective equipment fresh air hose masks, approved flashlights, safety belts and life lines, rubber boots and gloves 6 If light is needed, use only flashlights or electric lanterns approved for combusti ble atmospheres by Underwriters' Lab oratories, Inc 7 Test for vapor content with a combustible gas indicator For entering the tank be fore it tests vapor-free, wear a fresh air hose mask, air supply tanks, and safety belt and lifeline if the tank atmosphere contains more than the maximum accept able concentration of the vapor Have ample help available outside for the number of men inside 8 If a storage tank has contained leaded gasoline subsequent to its last thorough cleaning, follow instructions of suppliers of tetraethyl lead 9 Bond steam, lines and water wash nozzles to the tank 10 Wash sludge, sediment, and scale from the tank through the dram or remove it with a pump Flush out well and over flow the tank with water if necessary 11 Make a gas test and, if the tank is found vapor-free, check conditions inside the tank before issuing an OK for the work Otherwise, clean and ventilate further as required 12 Continue ventilation for duration of the work m the tank, and make periodic tests for the presence of gases or vapors as the work progresses Ventilation by air instead of steaming is used more widely where deposits of iron sulfide are not present and where a source of power supply for mechanical air removers is available Special precautions are required for the servicing of tanks which contain pyro phoric iron sulfide (See the API accident prevention manual.

biological effects of radiation--are discussed briefly to provide some necessary basic knowledge For further study, see the com prehensive reference list at the end of the chapter Meanings of "Atomic Terms" Before discussing the characteristics of ionizing radiation, it would be best to define many of the terms used A word printed m italics is defined elsewhere m this glossary Accelerator A device for imparting very high velocity to charged particles such as electrons or protons These fast particles can penetrate matter and are types of radiation Fast particles of this type are used in research or to study the structure of the atom itself Some accelerators are called atom smashers Activation Making a substance artifically radioactive in an accelerator such as a cyclotron or by bombarding it with neutrons in a reactor Alpha particle (alpha ray, alpha radiation) A small electrically charged particle of very high velocity thrown off by many radioactive materials, including ura nium and radium It is identical with the nu cleus of a helium atom and is made up of two neutrons and two protons Its electric charge is positive and twice as great as that of an electron Anti-particle A particle which interacts with its counterpart of the same mass but op posite electric charge and magnetic properties (e g, proton and anti-proton or neutron and anti-neutron), with complete annihilation of both and production of an equivalent amount of radiation energy The positron and its anti-particle, the electron, annihilate each other upon interaction and produce gamma rays Atom The tiny "building block" ofnature All materials are made of atoms The ele ments, such as iron, lead and sulfur, differ from each other because they contain differ ent atoms Atoms are unbelievably small No one has ever seen one There are six sextillion (6 followed by 21 zeros) atoms in an ordinary drop of water The word "atom" comes from the Greek work meaning indivisi ble Now we know it can be split and con sists of an inner core (nucleus) surrounded by electrons which rotate around the nucleus like the planets around the sun Atomic energy Energy released m nu clear reactions Of particular interest is the energy released when a neutron splits an atom's nucleus into smaller pieces (fission) or when two nuclei are joined together under millions of degrees of heat (fusion) "Atomic energy" is really a popular misnomer It is more correctly called "nuclear energy " Atomic number The number of protons (positively charged particles) found m the nucleus of an atom All elements have differ ent atomic numbers The atomic number of hydrogen is I, that ofoxygen 8, iron 26, lead 82, uranium 92 The atomic number is also called charge number and is usually denoted by Z Atomic theory Since the time of the ancient Greeks man has held the theory that all matter is composed of tiny, invisible par ticles called atoms It remained for the chem ists and physicists of the 19th and 20th cen turies to verify the existence of the atom and the validity of the atomic theory Atomic weight The atomic weight is approximately the sum of the number of protons and neutrons found in the nucleus of an atom This sum is also called mass number The atomic weight of oxygen, for example is approximately 16, with most oxy gen atoms containing 8 neutrons plus 8 protons Aluminum is 27--it contains 14 neutrons and 13 protons ATOM SMASHER.

n ti 44 tt 4T U f M M ft tr M i tr ss 1 44 i #4 M ......... l M Lead I7M Sulfate bwHftee .fib. bottle lad. jrtt . f lb. bottle ted . . hMib tad.

What**, Pad lead, Eotton Whit# lead, Cuorsvi Chide, 2mc Sulphate Cqrstal* MttAlS AND KINIEAIS: Pondered Iran.

ROUTINE CHEMICAL DOSIMETRY All Sample Results: Chemical VCM Lead Total Particulates < PEL No. % > PEL (OVEREXPOSURES) No. % 101 94.4 8 88.9 5 100.0 6 1 0 5.6 11.1 0.0 OVEREXPOSURES Job Class Exposure Source General Mechanic General Mechanic 5.4*ppm, VCM 2.4* ppm, VCM General Mechanic 2.2* ppm, VCM Instrument Technician 9.3** ppm, VCM Rx Operator 1.4* ppm, VCM Rx Operator 145.6* ppm, VCM Line Compounder 39.8* micrograms Lead/m^ Respiratory protection was worn. ** Respiratory protection was not worn.