As a consequence of this <,, opinion I have been able to obtain , the serviees of several good physicians who work under my direction, and who assume the responsi bility for the medical care of men who are.engaged in all aspects of the production and distribution.of tetraethyl lead and EIHXL fluid.

Tanks, see Septic tanks and Storage tanks Tanks, open surface, exhaust, 881, 891, 1603 Tar, 1374, 1429 Taipaulins, 1058, 1107 Tape recorders, 239-240 Tapping, metal, 955 Tapping out cupola, 811-812 open hearth furnaces, 815 Task performance, 74-77 Tasks allocation, 105-107 analysis, 106-107 Teflon, toxicology, 1375 Telephone alerting system, 1129 Teleprompters, 229 Television, 238-239 during emergencies, 1139 publicity, 207-210 radiation hazard, 1468 training, 157 Tellurium, 1375 Temperature autoignition, 1011, 1387 table of, 1395-1421 conversion tables, 1580-1581 definitions, 1253 effective, 909, 1253, 1263-1264 measurement in air, 907-909 Tempering tools, 951-952 Temporary total disability, 256-258 Tenosynovitis, 1325 TEPP, 1375 Terrain, building site, 393-394 Testing driver, 627, 631, 1548-1549 electrical equipment, 996-1000 medical, 1229 nondestructive, 826-829 psychological, 1547-1548 Tests, see Inspection Tetany, 1325 Tetrachloroethane, 1350-1351, 1375 Tetrachloroethylene, 1350-1351, 1375 Tetrachloroethylene, 1375, 1350-1351 Tetraethyl lead, see Lead Tetrahydrofuran, 1376 Tetryl, 1376 Texture of control, 117 Thallium, 1376 Thermal environment, 1263-1264 Thermometers globe, 908 wet and dry bulb, 907,1253 Thermonuclear reaction, 1440 Thermoplastic, definition, 1429 Thermosetting, definition, 1429 THERP, 76 Thiocyanates, 1376 Third party liability, 295-296 Thorium, 1440 Three E's of safety, 6-7 Threshold, hearing, 1521,1525 audiometry, 1512-1513 limit values, 1532-1535 Threshold limit values, 1253, 1284-1286, 1306-1322 calculations, 1317-1321, 1386 chemical substances, 1172-1173,1308-1321,1614 noise. 1513,1528-1529 damage risk criteria, 1270 sinusoidal vibration, 1617 Thulium-170, shielding, 1476-1479 Tilt table saws, 786-787 Tienng hoists, 565 Timbers construction, 1049-1051, 1072 inspection, 454 ram prop dimensions, 837 stresses (table), 1574-1576 tower dimensions, 450, 1575-1576 Tinnitus, 1521 Tires, vehicle, inflation, 1553-1554 Titanium, toxicity, 1376 Titanium dioxide, 1376 Titanium tetrachloride, 1376 Toeboards, see Railings and toeboards Toilet facilities, 1216-1217 Tolerance, 1325 Toluene, 1377, 1429 Toluene 2,4-dnsocyanate, 1377 Tone deafness, 1521 simple (pure), 1520 Tongs, 961 pipe, 960 Tools, hand, see Hand tools Tools, machine, see Machine tools Tools, power, see Power tools, portable Torches blow, 1043, 1058 during construction, 433 welding and cutting, 929-930 Tornados, planning for, 1114-1115 Torsion tools, 959-962 Total disability temporary, 260 total, 259-260 "Total safety" concept, 25 Tours, plant, 201 Towers dimensions, 450, 1575-1576 maintenance, 458 Towing bulldozers, 1568 trucks, 1562 Toxaphene, 1377 Toxemia, 1325 Toxicity chemical, 1106-1107,1300-1306,1446 1651

This resulted in five cases of Tetraethyl Lead intoxication, but I am glad to say that on this occasion there were no deaths Inclosed is a copy of a report prepared by Dr.

This is equally true of the two articles on "An Appraisal of the Load Hazards Associated with the Distribution and Use of Gasoline Containing Tetraethyl Load.

I expect to spend the greater part of my. scientific life investigating the problem of heavy me,tal poisoning with special reference to lead* . ** .

Flammable and Combustible Liquids Forced ventilation may be required in many cases where repair work is to be done inside a tank Where fumes develop from welding or other repair work, mechanical air movers should be used or the workmen should wear fresh air hose masks On a large tank, a door sheet or sheets may be removed for ventila tion after the tank has been made gas free The opening also can be used to expedite removal of sediment and to increase illumina tion If a tank has been closed for some time, there may he a deficiencv of oxygen due to rusting (oxidation) of the metal of the tank In that case, no one should enter the tank without a supplied air mask or, for a relatively brief stay, a self-contained or self-generating breathing apparatus Cleaning aboveground tanks Here m step-by-step form is a summary of a typical procedure for cleaning tanks that have contained flammable or combustible liquids 1 Remove all sources of ignition (matches, open flames, smoking, gas engines, weld ing, exposed electrical wiring and equip ment) from the vicinity of the tank 2 Empty the tank by pumping, draining, and floating tank contents with water, introducing the water through fixed tank connections 3 Disconnect and blank all product, steam smothering, foam, and similar lines Do not rely on valves 4 Open all manholes and allow the tank to air thoroughly Ventilate or steam the tank for the number of hours required by its size If steam is used, cool and ventilate afterward 5 Have available the required personal pro tective equipment fresh air hose masks, approved flashlights, safety belts and life lines, rubber boots and gloves 6 If light is needed, use only flashlights or electric lanterns approved for combusti ble atmospheres by Underwriters' Lab oratories, Inc 7 Test for vapor content with a combustible gas indicator For entering the tank be fore it tests vapor-free, wear a fresh air hose mask, air supply tanks, and safety belt and lifeline if the tank atmosphere contains more than the maximum accept able concentration of the vapor Have ample help available outside for the number of men inside 8 If a storage tank has contained leaded gasoline subsequent to its last thorough cleaning, follow instructions of suppliers of tetraethyl lead 9 Bond steam, lines and water wash nozzles to the tank 10 Wash sludge, sediment, and scale from the tank through the dram or remove it with a pump Flush out well and over flow the tank with water if necessary 11 Make a gas test and, if the tank is found vapor-free, check conditions inside the tank before issuing an OK for the work Otherwise, clean and ventilate further as required 12 Continue ventilation for duration of the work m the tank, and make periodic tests for the presence of gases or vapors as the work progresses Ventilation by air instead of steaming is used more widely where deposits of iron sulfide are not present and where a source of power supply for mechanical air removers is available Special precautions are required for the servicing of tanks which contain pyro phoric iron sulfide (See the API accident prevention manual.

Tetraethyl lead--see Lead.

Kehoe, University; of Cincinnati, College of;Medicine, Cincinnati;, OHIO, U3A Dear Bob, I regret to advise yon that we recently had a tank cleaning incident in this country, the first since 1945* This resulted in five cases of Tetraethyl Lead intoxication, but I am glad to say that on this occasion there were no death Inclosed is a copy of a report prepared by Dr.

March 7, 3.940 Dr* B# Hurtado Colombian Petroleum Cotap any Cucuta# Box 100 Colombia,* South America Dear Doctor Hurtado* I was very sorry to have missed you on the occasion of your recent visit to Cincinnati# for I should have been pleased to talk with you about various phases of our work* I am sure you obtained all of the practically useful Information from Dr# Sanders however* so that I trust your trip to Cincinnati served your purpose# I believe you received most of the reprints of our work which were available* On the other hand there was a series of articles which had been translated into Spanish# which# X believe# will be useful to you in that language# Accordingly I have sent you,under separate cover* copies of these translations* If you should find that you require additional copies of these translations# please do not hesitate to lot me know for I had these articles translated primarily for the use of medical men who are concerned with this problem* I should appreciate it if you would drop me a note from time to time# letting me know of your progress and specially of any difficulties which may occur# Our experience in other countries in connection with the occurrence of difficulties may well be of some value to you if such trouble should arise# In any case I try to keep in touch with what occurs in various parts of the world in this connection# It is possible that your attention was not called with emphasis to the rather serious hazards which may be associated with the cleaning out of storage tanks which have been used over a considerable period of time for the blending and storage of leaded gasoline# We have had a series of accidents In this country which have been the result of failure to carry out the regulations which we have prescribed in connection with this work* It seems that from time to time a group of workmen will Insist upon entering these tanks for the purpose of cleaning without being supplied with the necessary protective clothing# and especially with an airline hose mask# Under certain unusual oiroumatmoos it may happen that concentrated Ethyl Fluid Introduced into the gasoline in too rapid a streara,may sink to the bottom of such tanks and lie there over a period of months or years in the sludge# This happens, of course, only if there is a water bottom in the tank# Subsequently when men enter such a tank to clean it, they may have serious contact with concentrated Ethyl Fluid, and they may also be exposed to relatively concentrated vapors of tetraethyl lead# All of these things can be avoided by proper attention to the regulations which we have devised and which are given in detail in the booklet of regulations which you have# I call your attention to this point as being the one thing which is moat* likely to result in serious difficulties, in order that you may warn your people against this danger and urge upon them the necessity of proper precautionary measures* Cordially yours.

Tetraethyl lead exhibits the greatest stabilizing effect of many compounds tested but leads to a slight precip itate.

is kept in an orderly state* m 00 ;34b3 . - -. . ** 2 " I am sending you herewith reprints covering a series of published articles and also a copy of the latest version of the regulations* A very considerable amount of investigation has been carried out in this field arid the results of these in* vestigations make quite clear* I believe* the source of danger* There , has been a tendency to confuse the actual dangers associated with the handling of Fluid with the purely hypothetical dangers arising from the handling of gasoline containing small quantities of tetraethyl lead* Certain articles* which I am sending you* deal with the problem of leaded gasoline.

Chlorothene and Carbon Tetrachloride ......................... 38 Ethylene Dibromide ......................................................... 39 Handling Lead .................................................................. 36 Handling Lime .................................................................... 38 Working on Acid and Caustic Lines and Equipment Containing Corrosive Material .................................... 39 Working on Lead-Sodium Alloy Lines and Equipment . , 45 Working Near Molten Lead ............................................. 45 Working on TEL Fluid Lines and Equipment.................... 43 Scaffolds ................................................................................ 26 Tools ..................................................................................... 33 Warning Signs and Barricades........................................... 23 Warning Signs and Danger Tags........................................ 23 5.

Occurrence of DDT in human fat and milk, *245 Law: See Jurisprudence, Medical; Workman's Com pensation and Insurance Lead absorption: influence on ratio of large to small lymphoid cells, 328 encephalopathy: in cooperage, 415 endarteritis obliterans: in worker exposed to, 418 medical view of problem, 531 poisoning, 535 poisoning and absorption: effects of sodium citrate in, 525 and 536 poisoning: among workers, 533 poisoning: BAL and: action of BAL on copro porphyrin and lead in urine, 108 poisoning: BAL and: effect on blood changes, 109 poisoning : disturbances of hemoglobin synthesis in, 206 poisoning: factors influencing mechanism of. 111 poisoning: failure to affect heart, 412 poisoning: treatment with sodium citrate [Hardy & others], *267 poisoning: in workers filing automobiles, 109 saturnism: in lead miners in Marrakech, region, survey, 107 saturnism: recent studies in Italy, 527 tetraethyl poisoning: praxis of industrial labora tory for prevention of, 537 toxicity: some observations and speculations, 326 Lee, G.

Kehoe explained that the main intoxication occurs because of the probability of large amounts of Tetraethyl Lead in the sludge and that the vapors in which the men worked became saturated after the sludge was moved about in the tank.

Castleman File: American Petroleum Institute w/c = with cover letter or memo If DATE = 0, undated CD-ROM Document #:API iQQ DATE / published article from trade journal published advertisements newspaper article published government report government inspection results unpublished or internal report unpublished presentation from conference letter memorandum industry warning labels industry sales literature industry recommended practices meeting minutes (with attachments) membership list BC notes ANY WAY YOU MEASURE" MAY 19 1955 '.kSITV OF CALIFOR c ..