Shipyard B (submarine new construc tion and refitting): 317 employees, includ ing directly exposed pipecoverers and sweepers and indirectly exposed welders, lead bonders, and others seen annually since 1976.

Notify the plant Environmental Protection Department, ext. 3144, to ensure enough lead time for governmental notification.

EMBER 13,1982 LANCET, NOVEMBER 13,1982 1101 best predictor of i), and significant nly one measure riate or accurate it, however, that wing conclusions il a gold standard us with as many ldation.

FROM: DATE: RE: SPI Food, Drug and Cosmetic Packaging Materials Committee SPI Plastic Bottle Institute SPI Vinyl Institute Fran W.

The Department continues to highlight the predominately favorable comments, leading all to believe CHEM and AAL are the model in air toxics methodologies.

More realistic assumptions will lead to f. more realistic estimates of "actual risk"

As discussed with some of you, I have arranged to have Kart Schmidt from the Cleveland GRAFOIt" factory participate In our meeting and lead a discussion of the various GRAF0IL~ gasket products and their limitations.

Use of restrictive disease ruhrics also lead to the submerging of sites that would have demonstrated significant excesses.

Other Cancers Other cancers which appear to be caused by asbestos asbestos include cancer of the voice box 25,26 and of the stomach and large intestine 27 especially page 315 Latency Period It usually takes 15 to 30 years or more for cancer or asbestos lung scarring to show up after victim call this exposure Scientists fine the latency period Until then the victim often fine security feels This gives a false sense of For example if one touches a hot stove one gets burned right away With asbestos the damage isn't obvious until many years later This false sense of security can easily lead a worker and supervisor to follow work practices which can cause harmful exposures since they are not aware that disease may develop later III MEDICAL TESTS disease Medical tests has developed only discover asbestos In some cases where the condition after it may be cancers curable especially with asbestos of the large intestine and voice box early detection can be very important Asbestosis Asbestosis or lung scarring from asbestos is permanent and be treated It is diagnosed by chest rays breathing tests lung or pulmonary function tests and listening to the cal edcannotcalled lungs together with a history of exposure to asbestos Very early asbestosis may be missed by these techniques Early asbestosis is doctor evaluated difficult to see on a chest ray and is best who has experience and specialized training by a with asbestosis This type of specialist is called a B reader of rays Lung Cancer Very often lung cancer from asbestos has already spread the phlegm time it can be seen on a chest ray or by tests of the phlegm phlegm This is why more frequent tests for lung cancer do not help the average person who develops this cancer to live longer Lung cancer is thus a condition needing prevention more than early detection and cure Intestinal Cancer Cancer of the large intestine can often be detected early by yearly exams of the rectum and sigmoid area with a hemoccult test for blood in the stool can result in cure Early detection and treatment of this condition Voice Box Cancer Voice box cancer can often be discovered at a curable stage by a medical exam It may show up as hoarseness that does not go away in a few weeks IV EXTENT OF EXPOSURE DURING BRAKE AND CLUTCH MAINTENANCE Using a compressed air hose to clean drum brakes can release up to 16 million asbestos fibers in the cubic meter of air around a mechanic's face * Even hitting a brake drum with a hammer can release over a million asbestos fibers 4 Much less dust from asbestos disc brake pads will settle on disc brakes but some dust can get on a mechanic's hands and into the garage air during maintenance The asbestos fibers released from brake and clutch work can be scattered throughout a garage where they can present a hazard for months or years Because of this many garages are now turning to newer methods for brake cleaning However some of these newer methods may actually contribute to the problem For example millions of asbestos fibers can be released from drum brakes with these methods Wiping with a dry rag or brush 1-3 Wiping with a wet rag or brush 2,3 scattering of much of the asbestos and shaken asbestos is spread around the garage The water doesn't prevent when the rag dries or IS Liquid squirt bottles or solvent sprays 3 The water or solvent under pressure scatters much of the asbestos and when it dries the asbestos IS still all over the Brake cleaning equipment using these surrounding work surfaces methods with a brush or squirt gun IS likely to have the measurements from one manufacturer showed that over a million fibers _ same problems In fact using a liquid spray system can be released near a mechanic's face 28 Using a specially designed pressure spray These are the asbestos fibers larger fibers measured by common methods for counting The very small ones are far more numerous but can be only be seen with the electron microscope and properly collecting and disposing of contaminated liquid may prevent some asbestos from spreading around the garage Some recirculating wet method equipment uses a solvent to collect brake dust into a tray If the solvent evaporates from the tray normal air currents easily lift the asbestos fibers back into the air Using a garden hose may prevent some brake becoming airborne but this can easily contaminate floor or other work areas by scattering the asbestos dust from the garage Using a standard shop vacuum cleaner A shop vacuum cleaner can spread asbestos about a garage as much as does a compressed air hose 6 using a shop vacuum cleaner raised asbestos concentrations in adjacent bays to levels greater than those found using a compressed air hose A shop vacuum cleaner filter is not fine enough to collect asbestos fibers All of these brake cleaning methods can release enough asbestos into a garage 6,29 so that an average of over one million of the larger fibers could be breathed each day by workers in that garage These brake cleaning methods can also cause customers to be exposed since asbestos from brake work can be spread 75 feet away from the mechanic 1 When grinding is done to renew used brake block linings concentrations of up to seven million asbestos fibers per cubic meter can be released Bevelling new linings can release concentrations of up to 72 million fibers and light grinding of new linings of up to 4.8 million fibers 7 V.

Perollected on florosil. a magnt. by using a Sipin SP1 v rate of about 200 cc/min The PCBs were desorbed zene and analysed by using i an electron capture detecm was 0-01 pg per tube, i on Whatman smear tabs lead, nose, and cheek area wipe samples were anaced>'~' to determine the .rfi "itamination with undertaken to determine ted clinical and biochemiPCB concentration as an xposure to PCB.

This false sense of security can easily lead a worker and/or supervisor to follow work practices which can cause harmful exposures, since they are not aware that disease may develop later. ///.

At that rime, we had developed as a model of the processes leading to the production of chromosome aberrations [Eq. (2)]. the Lagrangian Poisson Distribution (LPD) (Eq- (3)1.

1 CHEMICAL MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION June 12, 1980 To: Occupational Safety and Health Contacts Subject: Draft response to Agencies' Interpretive Guidelines on Employment Discrimination and Reproductive Hazards Enclosed is the second draft of a suggested CMA response to proposed guidelines published jointly by the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) and the Department of Labor (DOL) Office of Federal Register February 1, 1980.

The Engineering Control Technology Branch (ECTB) of the Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering has been given the lead within NIOSH to study the engineering aspects of health hazard prevention and control.

Reprinted from Textile Research Journal, Vol. 52, No. 7, July 1982 Pruned in U. &.