av stated the Association might inquire as to availability of federal funds for studies into equipment, techniques and procedures, much as the government is investigating asbestos-health effects, to lead to simplifications , uniformity and reduction of costs to industry for research and development in these areas.

Material Thermocouple Wire Insulation Asbestos Gloves and Mittens Uses Thermocouple leads Employees in Ingot, Potrooms, Carbon Rodding and Atomizer Trans ite Pip's Millboard Asbestos Fiberboard Silvabestos Asbestos tubing All pot fume collection ducts from'superstructure to main fume duct.

(d) Railroad Products: Leading supplier of iron and composition brake shoes, cast steel wheels, and custom-made trackwork, such as frogs, switches, crossings and turnouts, for United States and Canadian railroads, also supplies hearings for freight cars and re manufactures and upgrades electric traction motors and generators for the railroad in dustry Property: Owns and operates 41 plants in Long Terra Debt: L American Brake Sbo Co, sinking fund debenture 4V^s* due 1982: ____ ______ Rating--A AUTHORIZED--J12.000.000, outstanding.

The facts leading to the identification of the four cases of liver cancer at the Goodrich Louisville plant will be presented.

Any regulation that discourages the use of research equipment will limit innovation and improvement in the industry, and will lead to more developmental work being dene in production equipment, where the potential for major releases is increased.

Since mercury vapor con centrations were much lower at the head boxes than at the end boxes, and since the head boxes are near the windows, it may be adequate to just exhaust the end boxes only, thereby eliminating the long pipelines leading to the head boxes.

EDC is used in malc-mg gasoline antiknock additives, although this use is declining as leaded gasolines are phased out.

It was this latter finding which undoubtedly was compressing the esophagus and leading to the presenting complaints and findings in the upper GX series (which report is not available) Dr.

FILE NAME Talc TALC DATE 1971 Sept DOC TALC120 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION Medical Journal Article - Treated Rice and Japanese Stomach Cancer tract appears to be a macromolecule with a mass of approximately 30,000 to 50,000 daltons it is thermolabile and destroyed by trypsin It is apparently not stable on term storage even in the cold JOHN C.

VI Airborne asbestos levels during hand shaping 25 Airborne asbestos levels during machine shearing 27 VII Airborne asbestos levels during machine nibbling 30 VIII Airborne asbestos levels during installation 33 IX Airborne asbestos levels during concurrent gasket removal and installation 36 XI XII Airborne asbestos levels during removal of residual material after gasket removal 38 Airborne asbestos levels simultaneous clean during gasket removal and 41 Comparisoonf airborne asbestos fiber concentration in all evaluated phases of gasket operations 46 LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE 7 PAGE NO 1 Asbestos containing gasket material stored 8 for issue in individual rolled sheets 2 Asbestos gaskets and packing stored in open 9 bins 3 Asbestos containing gaskets stored in open 10 bins in sealed impermeable bags 4 Asbestos containing gaskets stored in open 11 bins in sealed impermeable bags and on . open overhead storage racks 5 Storage of asbestos gasket sheets on open 12 rack 6 Storage of gaskets in open bins 13 7 Manufacture of gaskets by hand punching 16 8 Hand operated mechanical punch used for gasket 19 manufacture 9 Unventilated machine for punching gaskets 22 10 Ventilated and unventilated machines for 23 gasket punching 11 Machine shearing gasket material 28 12 Machine nibbling gasket material 31 | , 13 An installed gasket 34 / 14 Flange after gasket removal and before 39 removal of residual gasket material ec aaa eet (crs RetSoccer eer 4 PROJECT DEFINITION Asbestos a fibrous mineral silicate which is a component in many gasket materials is a documented health hazard causing cancer and a chronic lung disease known as asbestosis reference a Due to the unknown personnel exposures to asbestos during gasket use the Naval Ships Engineering Center tasked the Naval Regional Medical Center NRMC Bremerton WA via the Bureau of Medicine and Surgery references b and c to obtain additional data during all aspects of the life cycle of asbestos containing gaskets Statistically significant data was requested so that reference d can be modified to include specific procedures for gasket handling storing marking processing installing removal and disposal NRMC NRMC Bremerton was assigned the lead in the project with Oakland tasked to assist in data collection The majority of the samples were collected by NRMC Bremerton at Puget Naval Shipyard in various shops and aboard ship The photographs in the report were provided by Puget Sound Naval Shipyard METHODS AND MATERIALS AREAS SAMPLED a All phases of asbestos gasket handling were evaluated by obtaining air samples in the breathing zone of workers Samples were collected from the following operations storage hand gasket punching hand operated mechanical punching machine punching hand eee shaping machine searing machine nibbling installation removal with concurrent installation removal and hand scraping removal and wire brushing and clean following removal hen SAMPLING PROCEDURE a Samples were collected using pumps at an air flow rate of Bendix personal sampling 2.0 liters per minute A 37 mm four piece 2 rings filter cassette with 0.8 micrometer pore size mixed cellulose ester filter was used to collect the airborne asbestos fibers Samples were collected with the face cap of the cassette removed and the filter facing downward Sampling time ranged from a minimum of six minutes to a maximum of 132 minutes Enclosure 1 is a copy of the complete sampling procedure Environmental data collected in the field were recorded on a collection sheet Enclosure 2 A total of 166 samples were collected covering each phase of gasket operations The number of samples collected in each phase of operation was sufficient to meet the required number of samples for statistically valid air sampling data as requested by reference b The required number of samples needed for statistical analysis and comparison was determined by guidelines set forth in reference e COUNTING PROCEDURE All personnel asbestos samples were counted using the phase contrast microscopy method enclosure 3 Samples were counted by workers at NRMC Bremerton the Navy Environmental Health Center NAVENVIRHLTHCEN and the Environmental Health Science Laboratory Richland WA who actively participate in the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health NIOSH Proficiency Analytical Testing Program CALCULATIONS Airborne asbestos fiber the following formula concentrations are computed using Concentration = average fiber count filter area field area sample volume cc For example assume an average fiber count field 1pm 30 minute and field 22 sampling time at liters area of 0.00469 mm of 1.2 fibers per minute Concentration 1.2 fibers 855 mm 0.00469 fiel6d0 1000 = 3.65 fibers cc Results are reported to the nearest 0.01 fibers Negative results are not reported as zero but as less than the lower detectable limit of one fiber in 100 fields Thus a lower detectable 30 liter 1 limit than a sample has a different 10 liter sample For example In a 10 1 sample Concentration = 0.01 fibe8r 55 mm 0.00469 fiel1d 01 101 1000 cc 0.18 fibers In a 30 1 sample Concentration ; 40.01 fibe8r 55 mm 0.00469 field 30 1000 cc < 0.06 fibers The lower therefore detectable limit to length of the is due only to sample size operation being evaluated and CONTROL DEFINITIONS Various types of asbestos gasket materials were used during the survey Types of material used for each operation can be found in Appendix I.

The follow ing five substances were designated to be the focus of initial and con certed efforts hy OSHA and NIOSH: asbestos, cotton dust, silica, lead, and carbon monoxide.

While presumably of high sen sitivity, this technique inevitably leads to serious questions as to the significance of minor physiologic deviations, which must be resolved by studies of morbidity or mortality.

*6A regrowth)/of a peripheral nerve leads id a remarkable over- produciidn of Schwann cells in the distal nerve stump reaching a point at which these cells are applied in multiple layers around each single axon.

Since the adoption of a 2 fiber TLV could lead to the c3e facto prohibi tion of asbestos use, it is vitally important that sufficient time be given to quantify the economic impact and practicality of sxich a limit. ' ,* I Most of our specific commeiits pertain to the impact of the * proposed regulations on our special asbestos product customers

California Health Department Berkeley Calif No job safety program can side- step the issues of preventing cancer among workers For industrially caused cancer is not only a personal disaster for victims and their fami- lies but a costly liability to our country as well Its prevention is to everyone's benefit WHAT CAUSES CANCER Cells of the body get used up and replace themselves at different speeds depending on the organ For example the cells of the skin linings of the stomach intestine bladder and lungs replace them- selves very frequently while those of the brain muscle bone and kidneys do not Each cell not only does its own job but contains the blue- print for replacing itself If there is a small mistake in reproducing the blueprint the replacement cell may not function correctly Of course with many types of mistakes the new cell dies or will not reproduce itself Once in a while however the new abnormal cell goes on to pro- duce a tumor or cancer Since the cell blueprintis made up of chemi- cals other chemicals as well as physical agents some of which are used in industry can produce these small causing changes As we know a short exposure to * a potent chemical in large amounts can produce a serious and prompt reaction Such toxic effects don't themselves lead to cancer but may cause coma sickness or interfere with performance Low level re- peated exposures to certain mate- ~ rials are what cause cancer how- ever the exposures are not only to a single agent but to one agent which starts the process and then a second which causes a speed of cell multiplication resulting in can- cer Many people get cancer without exposures to occupations involving chemicals Cancer rates for exam- ple among cigarette smokers are much higher than among nonsmokers especially for cancer of the lung and its airways This is probably due to the chemicals taken into the body from cigarette smoke If we knew just what chemicals were doing this we should try to remove them but we don't have such exact information Thus if a painter gets cancer we can't say with certainty that one job one type of paint or even for sure whether the lifetime of work was the cause More likely than not it was several causes acting together Only when a group of men whose work exposures are similar are compared with the experience of a group without that exposure can we estimate the contribution which working conditions make to __ cancer experience OCCUPATIONAL CANCER STATISTICS We need to look at how cancer is distributed in groups with differ- ent occupations There are two types of information available for this purpose official statistics com- piled for a country or state from information on death certificates or the follow of a working popula- tion in a specific trade to determine THE JOURNAL 7 The Decade of Job Safety what sicknesses they have and what cupations Of these 85 would not some as yet unidentified material they die of Dr.