17--Building Construction and Maintenance from steel tools are capable of igniting sub stances such as explosives, lint, carbon di sulfide, and ethyl ether Nonferrous tools need inspection before each use to be certain that they have not picked up steel particles, which could produce friction sparks Keeping up-to-date The maintenance department should not overlook the potentialities of new products, cleaners, lubucants, paints, wood pieservatives, insulation, floor repair materials, pro tective coatings, alloys, and other develop ments It should also keep up with new applications of existing products New prod ucts or applications usually lead to better methods and safer practices Increased mechanization requires careful assessment of new potential hazards, espe cially m high-speed equipment and piocesses Use of color throughout the plant, as specified in the previous chapter wnll contribute to acci dent prevention and help develop high stand ards of operation Sometimes mechanical means help to offset potential hazards Centralized lubrication, floor cleaning machines, centralized spray painting equipment, steam cleaners, and other devices will help make a maintenance pro gram safer For frequently performed main tenance jobs, permanent accessories, such as hoists, fixed ladders, and catwalks, should be provided Maintenance piocedures should be reexam ined periodically for safer ways to do the job A special suggestion system should be set up for maintenance men so that they will be able to present new ideas or corrective meas ures Engineering books and service manuals should be a part of the mauitenance program Woikeis should be familiar with them and use them when necessary References American Institute of Architects, 1735 New York Ave NW, Washington, D C 20006 Standard Form of Agreement Between Owner and Contractor American National Standards Institute, 1430 Broadway, New York, N Y 10018 ``Cranes, Derricks, Hoists, Hooks, and Jacks," B30 Senes Practice for the Inspection of Elevators, A17 2 Safety Code for Elevators, Dumbwaiters, Escalators, and Moving Walks, A17 1 Safety Code for Portable Wood Ladders, A14 1 Safety Color Code for Marking Physical Hazards, Z53 1 Safety in Welding and Cutting, Z49 1 Safety Requirements for Demolition, A10 6 Safety Requirements for Fixed Ladders, A14 3 Safety Requirements for Floor and Wall Openings, Railings, and Toeboards, A12 1 Safety Requirements for Job-Made Ladders, A14 4 Safety Requirements for Personnel Hoists, A10 4 Safety Requirements for Portable Metal Ladders, A14 2 Safety Requirements for Scaffolding, A10 8 Safety Requirements for Steel Erection, A10 13 Safety Requirements for Temporary and Portable Space Heating Devices and Equipment Used m the Construction Industry, A10 10 Scheme for the Identification of Piping Systems, A13 1 Specifications for Industrial Accident Prevention Signs, Z35 1 Armstrong, Ralph W "Masonry Walls Against Wind," Construction Section Safety News letter, September 1967 Associated Ceneral Contractors of America, Inc , 1957 E St NW, Washington, D C Manual of Accident Prevention in Construction Huntington, Whitney Clark Building Construction Materials and Types of Construction, 3rd ed New York, N Y, John Wiley & Sons, Inc 1963 440

Loss Source With NaOH from Decomposers (13 ceils) With XOH from Decomoosers (9 cells) ' With Sewer .ater With Vented Hydrogen Result of "Lead Dumps" Mercury Loss Rate,lb/year 2240 2180 3700 3700 4000 15,620 Cost of Loss Source, 3/vear 15,680 15,260 25,900 25,900 28,000 3109,640 )' WGK 2635517 * CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION TV* 0U***I II i* p**f*r < Mmmw CimiMr 1A* rci*ie*l < Iw il / HwiMlt CfTMM li* *< aw lr rrprMwcflt rrrii*4 ^eiir* ** letMtuniM.

Industry representatives will include leading executives of the Johns-Manville Corporation, the Oeens-Corning Fibertflas Corporation, the Certain-teed Products Corporation and others as well as repre sentatlve* of the Quebec Mine Producers Association and the Insula tion Distributor Contractors national Association: Labor represen tatives will include the President and appropriate staff members of the International Association of Heat and ?

Weston Vickers, Inc. 2/19/64 Page 2 The evaluation of all animal toxicity data available and many years experience with the use of the Pydraul fluids as heat transfer media or as hydraulic fluids leads to our following interpretation: 1.

Lesson 14 is to be entitled "Adminstrating the Job Safety Analysis Program," and will be set up to conform with the Planning, Organizing, Leading and Controlling terminology used in the Profession of Management Program, apply ing as much of the material as possible.

Specifically in birds, Pt3"can effect the calcium metabolism leading to egg shell imperfections which prevents proper hatch of the young.

Current developments, reported at a recent Conference on Pacemakers, are included, with a summary of discussions by leading investigators in the field.

Ethionamide, toxic liver damage Executives recognition of early emotional stress 1215 1131 1182 1135 in-plant care of injuries occult temporal arteritis as cause of blindness 1142 1141 Fiber glass chemistry and technology pulmonary hazards from exposure to 1191 1192 Filter(s) removing titanium dioxide particles Flue gas, new scrubbing system Food(s) sanitation problems in vending machines Fungus infection(s) fatal opportunistic disease surgical treatment of pulmonary 1186 i208 1160 1155 1156 Gasoline, determination of total lead 1178 Hearing, high frequency thresholds 1197 Heart cardiovascular studies on former athletes 1144 cases under workmen's compensation laws 1213 03122731

There is a sentence on the first page and a sentence on the last page Indicating that the difference in the blood lead concentrations of the various groups studied do not have health significance.

Asbestosls can lead to cancer in the lower lobes of the lung.

These doses may also be expressed as lethal concentrations (LC) for airborne toxic sub stances Substances can then be "rated" according to their relative toncity as shown in animal experiments and the probable lethal dose for humans estimated (Table 40-A) These rat ings are based on the results of short term exposures only It is quite possible in actual long term "chronic*1 exposure for a substance to prove highly toxic even though short term exposure tests indicated a low order of toxicity However, animal-experiment data are dif ficult to interpret and apply to human expo sures Such data are valuable only as guides to be used by the industrial toxicologist in estimating the gross toxicity of a substance and as leads for further investigations.

They are excellent solvents and will dissolve the normal oils and fats of the skin possibly leading to drying and chapping If exposure is prolonged or repeated.

demic training in engineering In such cases, it is especially important that the safety pro fessional seek the advice and help of per sonnel within the company who are responsi ble for establishing engineering design cri teria and for setting up job procedures The ultimate objective of all the company's engineering personnel is to design equip ment and processes and to plan job proce- AN INJURY which may also be the source of FlC 4-2 -- An injury is significant because it points to its basic cause, which mav also be responsible lor oilier operating hindrances (shown at bottom of chart) Courtesy Hartford \ct tdent and Indemnity Co Unsafe acts, unsafe conditions In most industrial accidents, both an unsafe condition and an unsafe act are contributing factors In almost 80,000 work injuries re ported in Pennsylvania in 1960, an unsafe condition was identified as a contributing factor in 98 4 per cent of the nonfatal manu facturing cases In the same study, an un safe act was identified as a contributing factor in 98 2 pei cent of the nonfatal manufactunng cases It must be remembered that an unsafe con dition, in addition to being a direct cause of accidents in itself, often can lead people to perform unsafe acts Many times, an unsafe act is the result of poor machine design, in adequately planned methods, and other engineering deficiencies Thus, elimination of a hazard caused by an unsafe condition may also reduce the likelihood of injury from an unsafe act When an injury occurs, the unsafe condition is often not as glaringly evident as the unsafe act Unless a careful study is made of the accident, the corTectible physical hazard may escape notice Engineering tor safety, therefore, should have as it objectives both the elimination of hazardous conditions and the reduction of unsafe acts Machine Design dures so that exposure to injury is eliminated 01 controlled It is the safety professional's job to see that engineering personnel are acquainted with the particular hazards in volved and the methods of eliminating them The safety professional should be able to discuss with management and the various supervisors involved the conditions respon sible for accidents or potential accidents He might well remember that, m making his cor rective suggestions, he will be more success ful if he can demonstrate that an iniury is only one of many hindrances to efficient produc tion The safety professional who has the neces sary knowledge and skills for preventing accidents should be able to make recommen dations for effective use of the facilities at hand for more efficient as well as safer pro duction Machinery' ranks fourth as a source of dis abling work injuries, accounting for about 10 per cent of all such injuries Further pointing to the need for safe design of ma chines is the fact that they rank second as a source of permanent partial injuries, accord ing to N S C's Accident Facts The design of machinery and equipment is an evolutionary process It is always chang ing and dynamic, because design engineers constantly acquire wider experiences in the course of their everyday work These ex periences give them a broader scope and more initiative at the drawing board This initiative, however, will be disciplined by the practical consideration of designing the Pennsylvania Department of Labor and In dustry, Hamsburg, Pa Industrial Intones in Penn sylvania 1960 87

There is r ason to believe that the investigation into cotton textiles may lead tfader, or aomeone else, to the Asbestos Textile Industry.

Abex objects to this interrogatory to the extent it purports to seek information or materials regarding time periods and products that are not at issue in this case, on the grounds that such information or materials lack relevance and are not reasonably calculated to lead to the discovery of admissible evidence.