836 CHAPTER 38 1951 Guide changes in piping layout.

P' 10 CHAPTER 1 ' 1952 Guide Two-Pipe System (Steam or Water): A heating system in which one pipe is used, for the supply of the heating medium to the heating unit, and another for the return of the heating medium to the source of heat supply.

96 CHAPTER 5 .1952 Guide Fig. 3.

136 CHAPTER 7 1952 Guide circulation of dust and lint.

790 CHAPTER 35 1952 Guide -- <dp = dew-point of air leaving coil, Fahrenheit degrees.

804 CHAPTER 36 . 1952 Guide compression to extract heat from the vapor, and thereby cause the overall compression process to approach more closely the ideal condition of iso thermal compression.

912 CHAPTER 42 1952 Guide gases, and chloride- salts are the corrosion accelerators most frequently encountered. ' ,, Neutral and slightly, alkaline waters saturated with air, corrode iron at a rate about triple that for the same water free of air.

434 CHAPTER 18 > ' 1953 Guide Substituting in Equation 1 F = 120,000 (68.3 - 36.4) 5088 = 243,000 lb. 1.00[70 - (-10)]1000 Exam-pie %' What.would be the fuel cost to heat the building in Example /.during an average heating season, using stoker-fired bituminous'coal at 14.00 per ton having a calorific value of 13,000 Btu per lb, assuming that the seasonal efficiency of the system is 65 percent?

47.6 CHAPTER 20 1953 Guide Table 10.

184 CHAPTER 21 1953 Guide Steam Heating Systems 485 range of the average vapor system.'

546 CHAPTER 23 1953 Guide Table 7.

606 CHAPTER 27 1953 Guide , of pipe- by welding sometimes warrants using lighter wall thicknesses.

712 .

Heating Ventilating Air Conditioning Guide 1954 Exhaust systems (continued) dust filters, 1017 elements, 1003 equipment, 46 exhaust requirements, 1005 Sineral requirements, 1003 oods, 1003, 1006 air flow, 1005 air velocity, 1004 velocity formula for, 1004 canopy, 1006-1009 capture velocities, 1004 chemieal laboratories, 1007 design principles, 1003 kitchen, 1007 large open, 1006-1009 special exhaust require ments, 1005 spray booths, 1009 suction, 1017 velocity contours, 1005 ventilation rates, 1006-1013 make-up air, 1017 maintenance, 1017 materials, 1015, 1018, 1019 performance, 1017 pressure loss, 1013 resistance of, 1013 specifications, 1015 suction requirements, 1013 types of fans, 733, 748 velocity contours, 1005 velocity requirements, 1006- 1009 Expansion factor, gases, 81, 82 of pipe, 520, 610, 611, 612 tank installation, 539 tank piping, 536 tank size, 537 tanks, 536 valves, 851 Explosion hazard, 138 Extended plenum systems, 459 F Fan, fans, 733 application, 747 arrangement of drives, 742 attic, 749 location, 749 axial flow, 733 centrifugal, 737 characteristic curves, 738-740 control, 744 designations, 734 drive position, 744 efficiency, 737 exhaust, 746 furnace system, 461 hot gas, 750 installation, 747 kitchen, 749 laws, 735 marine, 748 mine, 748 motive power, 745 noise generated, 908, 910 performance, 733, 737 radial Bow, 733 rotation, 743 selection of, 745 air conditioning systems, 745 industrial exhaust systems, 1016 special application, 749 speed, 746 system characteristics, 741 types, 733 unitary systems, 748 velocity, operating, 746 volume control, 744 Fanning formula, 69, 569 Fever therapy, 142 equipment for production of, Film conductance, 92, 167, 168, 179, 816, 817 Filter, filters, 751 air -conditioning units, 5% atmospheric, 751 charged media, 756 dry air, 755, 766, 1056 dust, 755 installation, 760 ionizing, 755 maintenance, 759 moving curtain, 754 performance, 757 selection, 759, 763' testing, 757 vapor adsorption, 769 viscous impin-ement type, 753 Fittings allowance, 455, 470, 497, 525 pipe, 497, 525, 613, 1074, 1075 sheet metal, 455, 459, 470, 706, 709 Flash leg, 613 Flexible mountings, 407 Float trap, 512 Floor cooling unit, 591 heat transfer coefficients, 191,192 panel design, 561 unit heater, 575 Floor slab heat loss, 252 Flow coefficient, orifices, 77 compressible fluids, 73 critical, 76 measurement head meters, 78, 83 liquids, 78 orifices, 78 Pitot tube, 84,1105 variable area meters, Flow meters, 78, 647, 1074 Flue gas analysis, 350 Flue gas dew-point, 354, Flue gas loss, 351 Fluids, flow, 67 theory, 67 Fluid meters, 78,647 Fog, 4,152 Force, 4 Forced air beating system, 461 circulation pipe sizes, 530 convection, 92, 93 Free convection, 92,94 enthalpy, 4 Freezing in pipes, 635 86 Friction loss air ducts, 478, 697 circular pipes, 69 effect of area change, 708 elbows, 455, 470, 497, 525, 706, 1074, 1075 gas piping, 378 non-circular pipes, 72 refrigerant piping, 853, 854, 855 water heating, 525-527 water piping, 525-527, 1072, 1074 Fuel, fuels, 321 analysis, 321, 331, 338 burning equipment, 357 classification, 321, 324, 330, 339 consumption, 433 calculated heat-loss method, 435 degree-day method, 437 load factor, 449 mAxitrmm demands, 449 seasonal efficiency, 434 unit, 442-446 firing methods, 325, 326, 327 gas, 337 liquid, 330 solid, 321 unit consumption, 444 utilization, 400 Fuel oil, 330 . analysis, 331 carbon residue. 332 classification of, 330 combustion of, 334 flashpoint, 332 grade of, 333 maiirnum carbon dioxide values, 349 eg theoretical air requirements, 347 viscosity, 332 Fumes, 4,151 Furnace, furnaces, 4, 399 capacity, 401 casings, 405 cast iron, 401 combustion rate, 400 design, 387, 404 efficiency, 404 fan, 400 filters, 400 forced warm air, 400 gas-fired units, 379, 404 grate area, 403 gravity warm air, 399, 402 beating surface, 402 heavy duty, 400 humidification equipment, 405 materials, 401,406 mechanical warm air, 400 controls, 467 cooling methods, 479 cooling system, 479 dampers, 463 ducts, 463 fans, 400 filters, 400 method of designing, 404 motors, 400 ratings, 401 oil-fired units, 400 rating, 401, 403 steel, 401 stoker-fired units, 358 types, 399 volume, 4, 330, 364 , 371 warm air, 399 G Gage, gages draft, 1104 pressure, 7,1103 Garage ventilation, 236 Gas, gases, 152, 158, 337 appliance rating, 379 atmospheric, 152, 164, 949 burner controls, 876 burners, 375 calorific value, 339 chimneys for. heating, 426 classification of, 339 combustion of, 340 equipment, commercial, 380 equipment, industrial, 380 estimating consumption, 443 expansion factor, 81, 82 flammable, 157 flue, 348 heaters, 409 pipe size, 378, 380 solubility, 932 space heatera, 376, 409 specific heat, 5 wall heaters, 377 Gaseous fuels, 337 calorific value, 339 classification of, 338, 339 combustion of, 340, 377 maximum carbon dioxide values, 349 products of combustion, 344, 346 properties of, 338 specific gravity, 338 theoretical air requirements. 346, 348 typical analyses, 338 Index to Technical Data Section Gas-fired appliances, 374 ' boilers, 374 - - combustion process, 377 controls, 875 conversion burners, 375 furnrces, 375 measurement of efficiency of combustion, 377 pipe size, 3S0 ratings for, 378 sizing heating plants, 379 space heaters, 376 Glass coefficient of transmission, 196 design tables, 289, 295 heat absorbent, 292 shading of, 298 solar heat transmitted, 287. 293 window transmittance, 288 Glass block walls coefficient of transmission. 197 solar heat gain, 294-297 Globe thermometer, 1114 Graphical symbols for draw ings, 17 air conditioning, 17, 21 duct work, 19 beating, 17,18,19 piping, 17 refrigerating, 21 ventilating, 19, 20 Grate area, 5, 395, 402 Greek alphabet, 14 Grille, grilles, (see Registers), 451, 453, 462, 667, 684 air supply noises, 919 attenuation, 913 exhaust, 453, 692 locations, 453, 686, 692 door, 693 floor, 693 wall, 693 mechanical furnace Bystems. 462 noises, 692 railway car, 1053 recirculating, 1053 return, 451, 453, 692, 922 selection, 920 velocity, 462, 692, 922 Ground temperatures, 250 Guarded hot plate, 2113 Gun type oil burners, 365 H Hangers pipe, 612 Hartford return connection. 483, 508 Hay fever symptoms, 144 Health, 131, 993 Heat, 5 area transmitting surface, 1083 auxiliary sources, 258, 304 balance, 351 combustion, 322, 339, 345, 346 emission of appliances, 306 occupants, 120-122, 304 pipe coils, 544 exchange' measurements, 114 flow resistance, 99, 167 flow through glass, 197, 287 flow through roofs, 181, 193196, 280, 284 flow through walls, 187-190, 282, 284 gain, 265 generated by motors, 305 humid, 5 infiltration equivalent, 301 instantaneous load, 273, 299 Heat (continued) introduced by outside air, 301 lag, 658 latent, 5, 257. 265, 274, 303, 304, 305, 308, 315, 317, 654, 866 liquid, 5 loss, pipe, 666 mechanical equivalent of, 6, 15 methods of, transfer, 89 radiant, 92, 95, 96, 541 ratio, sensible, 309 removal, natural ventilation, 225 * sensible, 5, 256, 265, 274, 303, 304, 306, 311, 316, 666 specific, 5 transfer, 89, 187-197, 541, 625, 725, 811 boiler rates, 387 overall coefficients, 99, 167, 168, 180-197, 542, 813, 1083, 1084 surface coils, 808 symbols, 12, 95,167 through building materials, 167 water coils, 1084 Heat gain, 365 appliances, 306 ceilings, 301 components of, 265 ducts, 659. 725 electrical heating equipment, 306 floors, 301 gas burning equipment, 308 glass, 287 glass blocks, 294 infiltration, 301 instantaneous, 300 latent, 274, 302 lights, 304 moisture, 305 occupants, 304 outside air, 303 partitions, 300 people, 120, 304 roof, 278, 284 sensible, 273, 302 shaded windows, 298 solar, 292 steam heated equipment, 307 various sources, 259, 309 ventilation, 301 wall, 278, 282 Heat loss air change, 257 bare pipe, 544, 626 basement, 252 duct, 725 floor slab, 253 infiltration, 255 insulated pipe, 628 latent, 257 residence problems, 259 sensible, 256. 666 through Ceilings and roofs, 255 to sky, 187 transmission, 167,254 Heat pump, 824, 842, 843, 935 1089 Heat removal, 22?

100 CHAPTER 5 1954 Guide Following the electrical analogy, when there is a thermal current flowing through several resistances in series, the resistances are additive : R* = Ri + R "I- Ri "I- + Rb (7) Similarly, conductance is the reciprocal of resistance, and for heat flow through several resistances in parallel, the conductances are additive: ^ 1111 1 Ct = R--r = R--t I---R--i- 1----R--,--h H---R--u (8) Practical Heat Transfer Problems The use of these relations for resistance and conductance makes pos sible the solution of many practical heat transfer problems.