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606 CHAPTER 27 1953 Guide , of pipe- by welding sometimes warrants using lighter wall thicknesses. The considerations governing pipe wall thickness and its relation to joint design are covered'in the .American Standard Code for . Pressure Piping, ASA B31.1-1942, see Section 122. Standard schedules of pipe thick-: nesses are contained in the American Standard for Wrought-Iron and Wrought-Steel Pipe, ASA B36.10, which includes standard-weight and Table 3. Standard Dimensions and Weights, and Tolerances in Diameteb and Wall Thickness fob Coppeb Wateb Tubes* {AU tolerance* in thi* table are flu* and minu* except a* otherwise indicated) Atehagb Out side Diameter Wall Thickness In. - Theoretical Weiobt. Lb peb Ft 1 Drawn Temper j >Tolerance 1 1 Nominal Type L Type M l Standard Actual Water Outside Size, In. In. Tolerance. In. Ttfb K TrreL TtfbM H H H H H H 1 IH 1M 2 m 3 3M 4 5 6 8 10 12 0.250 0.375 0.500 0.625 0.750 0.875 1.125 1.375 1.625 2.125 2.625 3.126 3.625 4.125 5.125 6.125 8.125 10.125 12.125 s "aa3 s oa < 5C 0.002 OJttt 0.0025 0.0025 0.001 0.001 0.001 0X01 0X32 0.032 0X49 0.049 0.003 0.004 0.004 0X04 0.0025 0.003 0.0035 0.004 0X01 0X49 0.001 0X65 0.0015 0.065 0.0015 0X65 0.004 0.0045 0.0045 0.0045 0X015 0.005 0X05 0.005 0.002 0.002 0X02 0.002 0.072 . 0.083 0X95 0J09 0.005 0.007 0X07 0.007 0.005 0.005 0X05 0X05 0X02 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.120 0.134 0.160 0.192 0X08 0.010 0X10 0X12 0.006 0X08 0X08 +0.002 -0.004 +0.002 -0.006 +0.002 -0X06 0X71 0338 0.405 0X16 0.018 0X20 i 1 'Z, 0.025 0X30 0X35 0X40 0X42 0.045 0.050 0X55 0X60 0.070 0.080 0X90 0.100 0.110 0.125 0.140 0.200 0X50 0X80 Sa . M g *3 s. p 0.0025 0.0035 0X035 0.0035 0.025 0.025 0.025 0X28 0X025 0X026 0.0025 0.0025 0.085 0X68 0.134 0.126 0X6$ 0.193 0X44 0X85 0X68 0.107 0.145 0X04 0.0035 0.004 0X04 0.0045 0.030 0.032 0.035 0X42 0.0025 0.003 0.0035 0X035 0.418 0X62 0.641 0.455 0X39 0.665 1X4 0X84 0X63 0X2S 0.465 0.682 0.0045 0X06 0.006 0.007 0.049 0X58 0.065 0X72 0.004 0.006 0.006 0.006 1X6 1.14 2X6 1.75 2.9S 2.48 4.00 8X8 0.940 1.46 2X3 2.63 0.007 0.009 0.010 0.010 0.083 0X95 0.109 0.122 0X07 0X09 .0X09 0X10 5.12 6X1 9.67 13.9 4.29 5X8 7.61 10X 3X8 4X6 6.66 8X2 0X14 0X16 0X18 0.170 0X12 0.254 0X14 25X 0X15 40X 0X16 57X 19.1 30.1 40.4 16X 25.6 36.7 From Standard Specifications for Copper Water Tube of the American Society for Testing Material* A.S. T.M. Designation B88-41. Notb 1:--For copper gas and oil burner tubes, the tolerances shown above for various wall thicknesses (type K) apply irrespective of diameter. Note 2:--For tubes other than round no standard tolerances are established. These tolerances do not apply to condenser and heat exchanger tubes. extra-strong thicknesses in Schedules 40 and 80, respectively, and eight other schedules of varying wall thickness to provide for different service conditions. Dimensions and other useful data for Schedules 30 and 40 pipe are given in Table 1. Table 2 from A.S.T.M. Specifications A53 and A120 combines the schedule thicknesses of ASA B36.10 and the old series designations. Standard-weight pipe is generally furnished with threaded ends in random lengths of 16 to 22 ft, although when ordered with plain ends, 5 percent may be in lengths of 12 to 16 ft. Five percent of the total number of lengths ordered may be jointers which are two pieces coupled together. Pipe, Fittings, Welding 607 Extra-strong pipe is generally furnished with plain ends in random lengths of 12 to 22 ft, although 5 percent may be in lengths of 6 to 12 ft. In addition to IPS copper pipe, several varieties of copper tubing are in use with either flared or compression couplings or soldered joints. Dimen sions of copper water tubing intended for plumbing, underground water services, fuel-oil lines, gas lines, etc., have been standardized by the U. S. Government and the American Society for Testing Materials. There are Table 4. Thermal Expansion of Pipe in Inches per 100 ft* {For superheated steam and other fluid* refer to temperature column) Saturated Steam Elongation in Inches per 100 rr prom -- 20 F up Saturated Steam Elongation in Inches pee 100 rr from --20 F up Tem Vacuum Indies of Hg. Pressure Bug perature Fahren heit Degrees CastIron Pipe Steel Pipe V Tem rrWroughtIron Pipe Pressure Bug perature Fahren heit Degrees CastIron Pipe. Steel Pipe Wrought- Iron Pipe Copper Pipe -20 0 0 0 0 2.5 220 1.634 1.852 1.936 2.720 0 0.127 0.145 0.152 0.204 10.3 240 1.780 2.020 2.110 2.960 20 0.255 0.293 0.306 0.442 20.7 260 1.931 2.183 2.279 3.189 ..29.39 . .... 40 0.390 0.430 0.465 0.655 34.5 280 2.085 2.350 2.465 .3.422 60 0.518 0.593 0.620 0.888 52.3 300 2.233 2.519 2.630 3.665 _28.89 27.99 ____ 80 0.649 0.725 0.780 1.100 74.9 320 2.395 2.690 2.800 .3.900 100 0.787 0.898 0.939 1.338 103.3 340 2.543 2.862 2.988 4.145 26.48 _______ 120 0.926 1.055 1.110 1.570 138.3 360 2.700 3.029 3.175 4.380 24.04 _________ 140 1.051 1.209 1.265 1.794 180.9 380 2.859 3.211 3.350 4.628 _20.27 ___ ____ 160 1.200 1.368 1.427 2.008 232.4 400 3.008 3.375 3.521 4.870 14.63 ___ 180 1.345 1.528 1.597 2.255 293.7 420 3.182 3.566 3.720 .5.118 6.45 -- 200 1.495 1.691 1.778 2.500 366.1 440 3.345 3.740 3.900 5.358 * From Piping Handbook, by Walker and Crocker. This table gives the expansion from -20 F to the tem perature in question. To obtain the amount of expansion between any two temperatures take the differ ence between the figures in the table for those temperatures. For example, if a steel pipe is installed at a tem perature of 60 F and is to operate at 300 F, the expansion would be 2.519 0.593 = 1.926 in. three standard wall-thickness schedules of copper water tubing classified in accordance with their principal uses as follows: Type K--Designed for underground services and general plumbing service. Type L--Designed for general plumbing purposes. Type M--Designed for use with soldered fittings only. In general, Type K is used where corrosion conditions are severe, and Types L and M where such conditions may be considered normal as, for instance, in heating work. Types K and L are available in both hard and soft tempers; Type M is available only in hard temper. Where flexibility is essential as in hidden replacement work, or where as few joints as possible are desired as in fuel-oil lines, the soft temper is commonly used. In new or exposed work copper pipe of a hard temper is generally used. All three classes are. extensively used with soldered fittings. Standard dimensions, weights, and diameter and wall-thickness toler ances for these classes of copper tubing are given in Table 3. Copper pipe is also available with dimensions of steel pipe. Refrigeration lines used in connection with air conditioning equipment also employ copper tubing extensively. For refrigeration use where tubing absolutely free from scale and dirt is required, bright annealed copper