lhit Lead Works Houston Minneapolis Newark Oakland ' - 3. i M.

Badger & Sons Co., 967 JCarey, Philip, Co., 1020 ^Eagle-Picher Lead Co., 1021 Ehret Magnesia Mfg.

Write lerd, red lead, iitnrrge, lead chjo_atos (:~rcrr yeilc-A*, chroac green), or other lead piguents.

Acid mists, ammo nium chloride, lead, zinc oxide, and the like, can be produced in the form of fumes."

I doubt if the hazard is sufficient to justify warning posters as might be used where lead, benzol or carbon monoxide are concerned.

HE harm wrought in industry by diseases due to inhalation of dust and fumes is as yet not _ so well recognized as are those visible injuries caused by industrial accidents Nevertheless the em- ployer who has at heart the welfare of his workmen and the best monetary interests of his company should wish to have some information on this subject that he may not err through ignorance of the danger of dust and fumes or of the liability under the law which he must always face Although industrial respiratory diseases are not included in Workmen's Compensation Acts in most states employers are in no sense relieved thereby from their pluisa and responsibility Probably one of the most inive of recent opinions bearing on this subject is we f Judge Cutler sitting in the Supreme Court of the State of New Jersey Judge Cutler said It was the duty of the defendant company to exercise reasonable care that the place in which it set the + deceased at work and the system or method adopted by it for doing the work should be reasonably safe for the plaintiff and free from latent dangers known to the defendant company or discoverable by an ordi- nary prudent master under the circumstances It was also the duty of the defendant company to exercise reasonable care and skill to provide safe machinery and appliances in which the deceased was em ployed and in keeping such machinery and appliances in a reasonably safe condition for such use including the duty of making inspections and tests at proper intervals while he was employed If the defendant failed to perform this duty and the plaintiff contracted the disease from which he died by reason of such neglect the plaintiff can recover unless the de- ceased assumed the risk of his employment or was guilty of what the law terms contributory negligence The above opinion places great stress on reasonable care and of course no employer can observe reason- -~** care unless he has at least a little knowledge about ( ture of dust and fume hazards Ne may be said first of all that large and heavy particles of earthy and metallic matter generally do not constitute a respiratory hazard because such particles being large do not remain in suspension in the air and even when breathed by workmen are almost invariably caught on the mucus membrane of the nasal and pharyngeal passages Such large particles may unpleasantly dry the secretions causing the workman to hawk or spit but the inconvenience occasioned is so marked that the nose and throat are soon cleared of these large particles of dust In other words large dust particles continue a source of local irritation instead of lung irri- tation Foreign particles in the air become dangerous to human beings when their mass is so slight that they readily remain in suspension in the atmosphere Such particles when subjected to measurement generally indicate a size under 5 or 10 microns a micron equals 25,000 and are therefore so minute as separately to be invisible although when in great concentration such dust can be detected in the atmosphere in the form of a cloud and in the accumulations of powdery material which settle on everything and everywhere Under 5 microns in size dust particles particles readily pass through the mouth and noise traverse the bronchial pas- sages and lodge in the alveolar tissue from which re- mote parts of the lung structure they cannot be dislodged by hawking or coughing Suspended matter in air may come under the classification of fumes as well as dust Fumes signify Liquid or solid particles from 0.2 to 1 micron in diameter formed by chemical reactions such as distillation condensation and combustion Acid mists animonium chloride lead zinc oxide and the like can be produced in the form of fumes Naturally the more concentrated the quantity of dust and fume in suspension in the atmosphere the greater the danger to which the workman is exposed and the smaller the particles the greater the likelihood that entrance into the lung interstices will ensue The size of particles in prolonged suspension in the air is more likely to be under 5 microns than over probably the most dan- gerous sort of dust is that ranging from 2 microns to 0.5 micron or smaller because as just stated these un- palpable particles readily remain in suspension in the air The size of fume particles as already given ranges from 1 micron to 0.2 micron in diameter 111 other words the smaller the particles the greater the danger unaware of this fact employers and workmen Pawan SAFETY ENGINEERING November 1931 -- ' cially warned are prone to regard such imJust as altogether harmless To the lay mind it seems strange that the human cody reacts so differently to the character of these mi- troscopic particles which find their way into the lungs Some substances can be inhaled for considerable periods vith comparatively slight physical effect while other substances even on brief physical exposure tend to start allammatory processes in the lung tissue some kinds of which advance progressively even if exposure ceases util death results All types of fine dust containing free silica as quartz are prone to set up inflamma- tory processes in the lung tissue serious conditions which cannot be completely checked when once start

UR PIRXTORS' METSO - JTJIT 23RD 19*0 jSTaaTIC MT DC OKI ansltlng Departtnant Raritan Copper ,<orlca: Refinery Cepameat Secondary Eepartmt Lead refining Deferment Zina Oxide Department itlte Lead departseat Total Add - Miscellaneous Inoene D53CST: idalalatratiee Erpenaes Ulaeellaneoue Taxes Capital stock Tax Sllrer affidavit adjustnmt Interest: Six Teroeat Dehmturee Aaaooada Copper -lining Company Aaaooada sale# Company Leee - Depreciation Lees - federal Income Tax !

They called in leading manu facturers.

I would like to ask jrou the following two questions : 1) laethod of analysis of Lead in urine : YTnich is, at the present time, the method you consider the best, taking into account its accuracy and the difficulties it incurs.

UR PIRXTORS' METSO - JTJIT 23RD 19*0 jSTaaTIC MT DC OKI ansltlng Departtnant Raritan Copper ,<orlca: Refinery Cepameat Secondary Eepartmt Lead refining Deferment Zina Oxide Department itlte Lead departseat Total Add - Miscellaneous Inoene D53CST: idalalatratiee Erpenaes Ulaeellaneoue Taxes Capital stock Tax Sllrer affidavit adjustnmt Interest: Six Teroeat Dehmturee Aaaooada Copper -lining Company Aaaooada sale# Company Leee - Depreciation Lees - federal Income Tax !

Write lend, red lead, litnnrge, lead chromates (chror.e yeilc-A', chrome green), or other lead pigments.

At the approximate level of the fourth rib, the trachea branches into the bronchi and those in turn subdivide into bronchioles which lead to the terminal air sacs or alveoli.

Write lend, red lead, litnnrge, lead chromates (chror.e yeilc-A', chrome green), or other lead pigments.

Sound Deadening Alfol Insulation Co., Inc.. 844 Samuel Cabot, Inc., 850 Celotex Co., The, 846-847 Certain-teed Products Corn.. 848-849 Eagle-Picher Lead Co., The, 851 Insulite Co., The, 852 International Fibre Board, Ltd., 853 Johns-Manville. 854-855 Mundet Cork Corp., 858 Standard Lime and Stone Co., The, 859 Upson Co..

I would like to ask jrou the following two questions : 1) laethod of analysis of Lead in urine : YTnich is, at the present time, the method you consider the best, taking into account its accuracy and the difficulties it incurs.