Document 2qoanp9GyzJNVj4YpVZ1y3BL6

FILE NAME State of the Art Literature SAL DATE 1931 Nov DOC SAL012 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION Journal Article - The Very Least an Employer Should Know about Dust and Fume Diseases -n+s Accident Prevention Health Conservation Deaon Fire Prevention oe KESENE555.33065 . Thirty Year Pioneer Publication in Its Field KESNE5 .3065 KESNE5.3065 i i KESENE55.3065 a KESENE5 5.3 065 KESENE555.33065 = a SSafaety fSafeety tSayfety Ret . EngineEringngineering KESENE555.33065 Engine ring Engineering Engineering KESENE55.3065 Enginering KESENE5 5.3 065 Engineering KESKNE5S.E30N65E5KESN55.3.0653065 ' SS. The Magazine of Safety LE with which has been combined Protection Engineering Conservation and Fire Prevention x ARTHUR C. CARRUTHERS Editor O. P. MEAD Asst Editor Harry Armand Asst Editor a ; itr . 4 Vol LXII No. 5 , _ CONTENTS November 1931 SUNSGLUANGLA SUNGLA i WHAT THE EDITOR THINKS tg Putting Our Shoulders to the Wheel ..... *J The Kind of Christmas Presents That Help " a Safety Thanksgiving its Has its Thanksgiving ............. 1 ip is i i 3 VeY ee ACCIDENT PREVENTION AND SAFETY Has Development of Safety Codes Helped Industry -By CyrilCyril Accident Prevention in Industry -By Cyril Ainsworth ......0.. bees eenecec Way Often There is a Better ......0...0, Driving One Million Miles of Safe Bus Herbert W. Huover ......-eeee Deeaee My : ~- FR ip F nG ig de ey id \Fa ig Hg iB: Wood Products Company Operates over 400 Accident Days Without an eevee ace eree Proceedings of National Safety Congress .. Exhibits National Some Representative Exhibits Safety Congress ........ c . e. cc e National Education as an Essential Factor in the Protection of Children and Pedestrians on the Streets and Highways Albert W. By Whitney 0... Highways eee eeeeeeeees Safety Boiler Safety for the Boiler G. E. Sams .,.... Comnion Causes of Industrial Accidents L. L. Spencer oo... eee eee eeecees By 269 269 270 271 274 275 276 277 279 281 282 283 : Coal Mining Makes Excellent Safety Record 285 ley it he} SUNGLA FIRE PROTECTION AND PREVENTION SUNGLA SUNGLA Precautions Against Precautions Appliances guishing Appliances Freezing Extin- Freezing of Fire ExtinApliances ence caeeccasees Vocational Educator Advocates Courses for : Fire Fire Fighters PartitiPartioons ns e ee ee e ns teeeenees ee Heating Plant Partitions Tre te rere tenes eens Heating Plant Fires Fire ce eee eee ena Reducing Industrial Fire Lasses ......., Blasting Caps Cause Many Injuries to Chil- Chil- dren George G. King ...e.cceeeese + . HEALTHI CONSERVATION CONSERVATION CONSERVATION CONSERVATION : , Orderliness Cleanliness in Mines Rheumatic Orderlines Orderliness and Cleanliness in Mines J. Discase Among Industrial Work- Curative Qualities of 0000007 Violet Rays Sickness_Anong Sickness_Anong Male Industrial Employees -By Dean K Brundage ...... tts Men Money and Philip Sickness Philip P. Jacobs i a -. What Hazards What is and How to Meet Them 2 Being Done to Protect the Eyes of Industrial Workers Lewis H Carris Skin Diseases from Brazilian Walnuts .... 7 The VerWyillson Diseases Fred- : erick Least Dust and an Employer Shonid Know Fume M. Fume Diseases Fred- 287 290 294 295 295 297 298 301 305 307 308 311 314 316 317 Atsomek * 2 ane wel as amspeer} TRAE SIENA w, ^'. SAS, Si me BRET0 ay Th OTC)Fy De REAR . ARS AT ECE ~4 i 2 0$.e4 d 4 Published Monthly by te Bs eT i Safety Magazine Publishing Corporation eale cates Publication office 34 Crystal St. E. Stroudsburg Pa Editorial and general offices 119 Nassau . a New York N. Street i a ARTHUR C. CARRUTHERS President Vice President AUSTIN F. HANCOCK Vice President O. B. MEAD Secretary rieatha ge HARRY ARMAND Business Manager Te UN a Py a I 1 we Ne Second Contents of previous issues of Safety Engineering can be found by consulting the Industrial stered as Class Matter January 7 1950 at the office East Arts Index in your Bleary Fy 1879. post at Stroudsburg Pa uniter the act of March oa 13 a year , SUBSCRIPTIONS in advance In Canada 3.50 Foreign subscriptions 4 Single Zie > Y copies a Pran/@ece ee ITI baa het eine ek Ths StS ES Neocon TL ee een meee OE en ee OE NI I ie eR ~ ose Te Per ee owt Te em See I ett - ste ee oe STALE ee A PS Oe te OT ee ete ce Sa mt a . Oh OTR Re nee oh emer lts eas eae me eee eee ne ble TT Oe SA ce ee tf mere er es eum sae ae wee! SAFETY SAFETY ENGINEERING er : The Very Least an Employer Should Know e = oe about Dust and Fume em dim Diseases we e By FREDERICK WILLSON M.D. President Willson Products Inc. Reading Pa ? HE harm wrought in industry by diseases due to inhalation of dust and fumes is as yet not _ so well recognized as are those visible injuries caused by industrial accidents Nevertheless the em- ployer who has at heart the welfare of his workmen and the best monetary interests of his company should wish to have some information on this subject that he may not err through ignorance of the danger of dust and fumes or of the liability under the law which he must always face Although industrial respiratory diseases are not included in Workmen's Compensation Acts in most states employers are in no sense relieved thereby from their pluisa and responsibility Probably one of the most inive of recent opinions bearing on this subject is we f Judge Cutler sitting in the Supreme Court of the State of New Jersey Judge Cutler said It was the duty of the defendant company to exercise reasonable care that the place in which it set the + deceased at work and the system or method adopted by it for doing the work should be reasonably safe for the plaintiff and free from latent dangers known to the defendant company or discoverable by an ordi- nary prudent master under the circumstances It was also the duty of the defendant company to exercise reasonable care and skill to provide safe machinery and appliances in which the deceased was em ployed and in keeping such machinery and appliances in a reasonably safe condition for such use including the duty of making inspections and tests at proper intervals while he was employed If the defendant failed to perform this duty and the plaintiff contracted the disease from which he died by reason of such neglect the plaintiff can recover unless the de- ceased assumed the risk of his employment or was guilty of what the law terms contributory negligence The above opinion places great stress on reasonable care and of course no employer can observe reason- -~** care unless he has at least a little knowledge about ( ture of dust and fume hazards Ne may be said first of all that large and heavy particles of earthy and metallic matter generally do not constitute a respiratory hazard because such particles being large do not remain in suspension in the air and even when breathed by workmen are almost invariably caught on the mucus membrane of the nasal and pharyngeal passages Such large particles may unpleasantly dry the secretions causing the workman to hawk or spit but the inconvenience occasioned is so marked that the nose and throat are soon cleared of these large particles of dust In other words large dust particles continue a source of local irritation instead of lung irri- tation Foreign particles in the air become dangerous to human beings when their mass is so slight that they readily remain in suspension in the atmosphere Such particles when subjected to measurement generally indicate a size under 5 or 10 microns a micron equals 25,000 and are therefore so minute as separately to be invisible although when in great concentration such dust can be detected in the atmosphere in the form of a cloud and in the accumulations of powdery material which settle on everything and everywhere Under 5 microns in size dust particles particles readily pass through the mouth and noise traverse the bronchial pas- sages and lodge in the alveolar tissue from which re- mote parts of the lung structure they cannot be dislodged by hawking or coughing Suspended matter in air may come under the classification of fumes as well as dust Fumes signify Liquid or solid particles from 0.2 to 1 micron in diameter formed by chemical reactions such as distillation condensation and combustion Acid mists animonium chloride lead zinc oxide and the like can be produced in the form of fumes Naturally the more concentrated the quantity of dust and fume in suspension in the atmosphere the greater the danger to which the workman is exposed and the smaller the particles the greater the likelihood that entrance into the lung interstices will ensue The size of particles in prolonged suspension in the air is more likely to be under 5 microns than over probably the most dan- gerous sort of dust is that ranging from 2 microns to 0.5 micron or smaller because as just stated these un- palpable particles readily remain in suspension in the air The size of fume particles as already given ranges from 1 micron to 0.2 micron in diameter 111 other words the smaller the particles the greater the danger unaware of this fact employers and workmen Pawan SAFETY ENGINEERING November 1931 -- ' cially warned are prone to regard such imJust as altogether harmless To the lay mind it seems strange that the human cody reacts so differently to the character of these mi- troscopic particles which find their way into the lungs Some substances can be inhaled for considerable periods vith comparatively slight physical effect while other substances even on brief physical exposure tend to start allammatory processes in the lung tissue some kinds of which advance progressively even if exposure ceases util death results All types of fine dust containing free silica as quartz are prone to set up inflamma- tory processes in the lung tissue serious conditions which cannot be completely checked when once started and which result in much physical suffering and in pre- nature death Other dust and fumes entering the lungs nay become absorbed into the blood stream and cause general poisoning with symptoms of bodily effect vary- ng according to the toxicity of the substance Long continued absorption of toxic dust and fumes often re- sults in complete disability ending in death Scientific knowledge of the results of dust exposure has not progressed far enough to exactly predicate the danger in every kind of dust and fume The By way for an employer is to regard all dust in indu ,uindu,u,y ,ays a hazard Under best conditions it cannot . help but be harmful to a degree while under adverse conditions the shortening of life is almost inevitable We do know however that breathing of dust under the following conditions is seriously harmfui Lead dust and fumes as found in smelting and burn- ing operations pottery manufacturing painting lead tempering paint spraying battery rubber manufacturing and all other occupations in which lead is an essential material Arsenic dust and fumes as in smelting manufacturing insecticides spraying of fruit trees and the like All kinds of operations in which dust of free silica is present as granite cutting stone crushing sand " pulverizing sandblasting the mixing of glass ma- terials and glazes and so on through a long series of industrial operations Asbestos and every operation in which it is used Fur cutting and felting mercury poisoning The making and handling of spraying material with nicotine content . Fumes of zinc and brass from brass founding sinelt- ing autogenous welding and other operations of character in the presence of zinc In this group the results are unpleasant and temporarily incapacitating but not cumulative in effect Besides the above operations unpleasant results may follow exposure to such dusty conditions as cleaning of factory floors and walls in the presence of germ laden dust threshing and cleaning of grain and numberless other operations tending to introduce into the human system irritating and poisonous material Cooperation Between Employer and Employee REMARKABLE event has recently taken place at Endicott New York where 40,000 persons marched and 150,000 persons viewed the parade in celebration of fifty years development of the Endicott Johnson Corporation manufacturers of shoes George F. Johnson fifty years before located in Endi- cott with no other assets than health youth and ambi- tion to begin work at the bench in a small shoe factory Today Mr.Johnson is chairman of the board of the Endicott Johnson Corporation which employs 17,000 workers with a productive capacity of 135,000 pairs of choes per day and running at capacity at a time when practically the whole world is in the depths of an eco- nomic depression This Golden Jubilee celebration of the Endicott Johnson workers was honoring George 197 on The whole community joined in the cele- brb Mr. Johnson has always considered himself as one of the Endicott Johnson associate workers He has een the pilot in this great organization and has been not only untiring in advancing the Endicott Johnson *. rs Secretary of Labor Doak United States Senator Wagner Congressman John D. Clark and many other distinguished citizens were present and expressed their admiration for what George F. Johnson's life has repre- sented as a great industrial builder as a great humani- tarian and in maintaining prosperity and happiness to many thousands of families This is the type of industrial leadership which any company or community is fortunate to possess the type that does not fail and even in the hardest times of busi- ness depression keep the working furce employed and safeguards the community from the suffering of unem- unemployment Old Man Accident Says | With Carefulness 1 Cannot Succeed with Carelessness 1 | Cannot Fail