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FILE NAME: Trade Publications (TR) DATE: 1946 Jan DOC#: TR020 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION: Trade Journal - Selected Pages from Southern Power & Industry i I frp cm /c TRUCKS BMifnzcDiMS i P M f it ) B A rr K / S mtu jg L cortHifit SfcRjAtRECQ* 1RN 211946 r.- SOUTHERN DIVISION O FFICE 915-101 Marietta Street Bldg., Atlanta, Ga. Sales Agents in New Orleans St. Louis Dallas El Paso Houston Bluefleld in War and Peace! Now that wide war-time experience with unit loads has proved battery-powered electric trucks the most flexible, safe, cost saving equipment for handling materials and finished goods-- make this knowledge pay off! Go the whole way by powering your electric trucks with the amazing new Philco "Thirty", the high capacity battery that gives 30% longer life! It will save you money. Write for the new Philco "Thirty" specification catalog. Philco Corporation, Storage Battery Division, Trenton 7, New Jersey PH I L C O FOR 50 YEARS A LEADER IN I N D U S T R I A L S T O R A G E B A T T E R Y D E V E L O P M E N T Editors-- Francis C . Smith Eugene W . O'Brien Southwestern Editor: Hunter R. Hughes, Jr. Production Mgr. : W. E. Coogler Managing Director : E. W. O'Brien CONTENTS Texas flee Brick-- A New 5lant with Modern Methods, By Hunter R. Hughes, Jr................................. ........................................ 44 Automatic A rc Welding, by R. M. Daniels................................................. 47 Low Temperature Refrigeration, by F. R. Zumbro and Terry Mitchell. . . 48 Music for Southern Industry, by Hunter R. Hughes, J r ............................. 52 Business Representatives Arkansas Solvent Extraction Plant, fey Jane I. Gordon.............................. 55 E. L. Rogers, 18 East 48th St., Room 1904, New York 17, N Y -- Phone, Plaza 8-2565 William K. Hoffman, 26 Bowdoin St., Maplewood, N. J.--Phone So. Orange 2-2484. Maynard L. Durham, 67 Coving ton Road, Buffalo 16, N. Y.-- Phone, Amherst 6332. A. E. C. Smith, 206 Auditorium Building, Cleveland 14, Ohio ---Phone, Cherry 7352, P. O. E. Johnson, 168 North Michigan Ave., Chicago 1, 111 -- Phone, Central 4131 L B Chappell, Auditorium Bldg., 427 West 5th St., Los Ange les, Calif. -- Phone, Tucker 6363. Hunter R. Hughes, Jr,, 1341 Lib erty Bank Bldg., Dallas, Texas.---Phone, Central 7673. Automatic Roof Cooling, by Leonard A . Holder....................................... 56 Safe Handling of Barrels................................ Electronics Maintenance, by R. C . Roetger Dielectric Heating in Furniture Manufacturing, by W . H . Hickock.........64 Industrial Hygiene, by N. V. Hendricks...................................................... 68 The Great Gam e of Getting Ahead, by Harry C . W alker...................... 82 Training Disabled V e te ra n s................... ....................................................... 92 Rope Service Paya ^vidends, by Russel Ralph................................... 94 History of Power, by Cart J . Eckhardt, Jr. .................................................. 98 Annual Subscription--81.00 Canada--$i.B0 i Foreign $2.00 PRACTICAL DISCUSSION I Published Monthly by How Much Heat is Lost . , . . , . . . . . . 64 Belt Slip on Fan D r iv e .............. 106 W . R. C . SMITH Experience a Great T each er............... 78 Efficiency from Lighting .............. ...1 0 4 Slow Motion Pays ............................... 106 Repairing Leaky F aucets......................108 PUBLISHING C O . Maintenance of Window SaBh.............. 104 Plaeing Long Trolley Beam........... 108 Publishers also of: Cotton, Elec Taper in Tapped Holes ....................... .104 Saving Leather with Pivoted Base. . . 104 Stop for. Stripping Machine........,..110 Repairing Selenium Rectifiers.-,...... .110 trical South, Southern Hardware, Efficient Group D r iv e ........... ............... 108 Motor Insulation R esistan ce............ 106 Under Water Welding ............. . ISO /southern Automotive Journal. Keeping File from Clogging.................. 106 New Sugar Process ................... .131 [ Kooke, President; R. P. smith, Executive Vice-President; ' n, McAllister, Vice-President; a' S ' O'Brien, Vice President; r O. C. Smith, Vice-President; o', C. Cook, Vice-President; O. A. ^ rp ess, Treasurer; A. F. Rob erts, Secretary. DEPARTMENTS PACTS AMD TRENDS ........................ 6 ` BUYERS* INFORMATION ............... 8 MEWS OF THE MONTH ..................... 112 NEW EQUIPMENT ............................. 113 Editorial and Executive Oflices . TIMELY COMMENTS .. ... ................ *1 INDUSTRY SPEAKS . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 CATALOGS OF TEES MONTH............132 INDEX TO THE ADVERTISERS. . .158 G R A N T BU ILD IN G ATLANTA, GEORGIA h, 1 ' ' "" T ' / _ Copyright; 194, hp W, E, 0. SmlthFublishing Company -'v ;'* J & ....r - .L :- :..........................._________________________ ;______________ 3 I N D U S T R I A L H Y G I E N E -------------- Control of Working Environment is Important This third installment is a discussion of the working environment -- -- its problems, their evaluation, and recommended control. EVERY important factor in fluencing our lives and one which is given little consideration is the environment in which we work. The general environment dictates our requirements as to the clothes we wear, the food we eat, and to a certain extent our mode of living. The average individual will spend at least eight hours a day at some occupation. The re maining portion of the day is usually spent at home. It is obvious that two distinct problems of en vironment exist: the home or com munity, and the working environ ment. There are certain safeguards thrown about the community as providing safe drinking water, proper sewage disposal, collection and disposal of other wastes in cluding garbage, and immunization programs. The importance of these protective procedures in a com munity has been long recognized. Their accomplishment is measured in terms of reduced death rates from various communicable di seases. Some diseases which in the past have taken great toll of life Bj N. V. Hendricks Chief Engineer Industrial Hygiene Service, Georgia Department of Public Health have by these methods been re duced to a point of minor signi ficance. As civilization has pro gressed with an accompanying complexity in our living, the neces sity for public safeguards in the community has been given more and more consideration. It is only through these approaches that the proper public health measures for the community environment can be applied. For a number of years, consid eration has been given to the de velopment of certain methods by which the working environment of an individual may be modified or adjusted to more healthful working conditions. Many plant op erations by the very nature of the materials processed and by the mechanics of the operation pro duce an atmosphere of toxic or otherwise harmful substances. The final objective in any industrial hygiene program is the alleviation of health hazards incident to in dustrial operations by the use of scientific methods. Occupational Diseases Industrial operations require the use of many materials, some of which are toxic and produce harm ful effects on individuals who are exposed to them. In addition, there are certain physical conditions which exercise harmful effects on the worker. The deleterious effects produced by these materials and conditions may, in a broad sense, be termed occupational diseases. In some states, industry has been legally responsible for the effect on the worker which is brought about from such exposures. Where legal responsibility has been desig nated, codes or schedules have been established for a rate of compensa tion covering occupational diseases. Such codes vary from all inclusive loss to those which cover only specific occupational diseases. B EF O R E AND A F T E R IN STA LLA TIO N OF VAPOR ABSORPTION SYSTEM IN M ERCERIZIN G D EPARTM EN T OF B LE A C H E R Y AND D YE WORKS. 68 SOUTHERN POWER & INDUSTRY for JANUARY, 1946 In considering the potential de velopment of occupational diseases and the responsibility and cost in cident, management cannot escape the fact that the condition of the working environment is an eco nomic factor exp ressed in term s of the overall cost of production. Proper consideration to the status of the environment, in many cases, will directly lower the cost. Recog nizing these facts, management should take every possible means of improving and controlling the working environment. For many occupational diseases there is no known medication and the logical method of control is the adjust ment of the working environ ment in order that the exposuie from which occupational diseases result may be removed. Processing And The Environment The working environment in any plant will be dependent on these factors: (1) materials, (2) process ing methods, and (3) process equip ment. Many of the raw and pro are known to produce harmful by-products are formed and liber cessing materials used in industry effects on individuals exposed to ated. are specifically toxic and toxic them. Equipment plays an important compounds are often liberated as The method of processing is im role in determining dispersion by-products of certain operations. portant as it will determine the ex since the design of such units may [ In any case, the type material and tent to which materials are dis call for open or closed operations, J its presence in the working atmo persed into the working atmo rotation at high speed or close or t sphere will determine the existence sphere. Important factors associ frequent observation on the part j of a hazard. Fortunately most pro ated with process methods in of the operator. Specific design t cessing materials are non-toxic. clude: (1) temperatures required would determine the extent to | However, with many industries it for various operations, (2) agita which certain control installations j is impossible to avoid the use of tion and other mechanical details, such as local exhaust ventilation , certain specific compounds which and (3) specific operations where might be applied. OPERATOR EM PTYIN G BAG OF CARBON B LA C K INTO B A N B U R Y M IX E R B EFO R E AND A F T E R IN STA LLATIO N OF DUST AND FUM E REM OVAL SYSTEM . TUNE 70 SOUTHERN POWER & INDUSTRY for JANUARY, 1946 SOU! Environment Problems Of importance to industry is the matter of controlling dust. For tunately, there are relatively few types of dust which are specifically toxic. The more important from an industrial standpoint are silica, as bestos and finely divided salts of toxic metals, such as lead. Silica and Dust Exposures to free silica are more important from the standpoint of population exposed and deserve more consideration than those to asbestos dust. However, asbestos dust is just as toxic as free silica. Wherever sand or materials con taining free silica are processed, exposure to the dust is likely to result. This is especially true in foundry operations, abrasive clean ing, blasting, and the like. Suffi cient exposure to concentrations of free silica often results in the pro duction of fibrotic growths in the lungs of the exposed individual. This condition is known as silicosis and is one of the prime disabling occupational diseases and has cost industry considerable sums of money for compensation. Asbestos dust although specif ically toxic, does not result in a numerically great number of ex posures due to its infrequent in dustrial applications. However, in the production of asbestos cloth and other products, a serious prob lem of dust control is presented. Certain heavy metals and their salts produce specific toxic reac tions. Many industries employ lead and cadmium, and their application to plant operation usually results in the creation of an actual or po tential exposure. Lead compounds are particularly important in such operations as the manufacture of storage batteries, printing indus tries, and the production of paints or pigments. Gases Gases are usually classified as either asphyxiant or irritant. In dustrially the more important as phyxiants include carbon monox ide, hydrogen sulfide and hydrogen cyanide. Of these, carbon monoxide occurs more frequently. This gas is associated with the combustion of carbonacious materials and is ex tremely toxic. On entry into the body it exerts an affinity for hem oglobin which is about 300 times the affinity of oxygen resulting in a tremendous decrease in the abili ty of the blood to carry oxygen and Produces a condition of as phyxia. The more common irritants found in industry include sulfur dioxide, chlorine, ammonia, and the oxides of nitrogen. Although these gases are extremely toxic, they are suf ficiently irritating so that the in dividual exposed usually has some warning as to their presence. Under these conditions the worker can normally remove himself from the exposure before too much damage is done. However, these materials do occur frequently in industry and the importance of ex posures to them should not be minimized. Vapors Vapors come from organic com pounds both of the aliphatic and aromatic series. They play a tre mendously important part in mod ern production and their number and use is limited only by the ingenuity of the chemist. They are used widely as degreasing agents, intermediates, solvents and clean ing compounds. Most of these materials are ex cellent fat solvents, and on entry into the body tend to go to the nervous system. This is true of the aliphatic series, including distil lates and petroleum. From the standpoint of pure toxicity, prob ably the most important of these materials would include benzol, its homologues and the chlorinated compounds. Sufficient exposure to these compounds results in chronic disturbance and in some cases dis ability. Mists Acid and alkaline mists are as sociated with plating, stripping and cleaning. Chromic acid mist is probably the most important of this class of material and results from electroplating, anodizing and similar operations. Exposure to such mists may result in perfora tion of the nasal septum, and if cuts or abrasions are present on the exposed parts, ulcers may de velop. Fumes sW Fumes are usually associated with Welding, cutting, or other op. erations where metals are heated h i to high temperatures. From an in dustrial standpoint, lead, zinc, and cadmium are probably the most important. Atmospheric fumes of:u this type are often found around pouring of brass, welding or burn ing of galvanized metal or on high temperature operations involving surfaces coated with lead bearing paint. The physiological response to the inhalation of these materials may vary considerably. The less serious, condition is known as metal fume fever which carries symptoms of zinc oxide. It is of short duration and no permanent tissue damage is done. The more serious condi tions arise from the exposure to fumes or metals which are specifi cally toxic. Physical Conditions Physical conditions such as I working positions, temperature, i humidity and abnormal pressures, play an important part in the abil ity of the worker to produce. The , correction of such conditions is primarily a problem of engineer ' ing and when given proper consid eration will do much toward in creasing production and lowering costs, through improvement of quality of the final production, re duction of spoilage, and increase in the final plant safety. Evaluation of Environment In order to properly evaluate the exposures in an industrial plant, a detailed engineering study and analysis is required. Such a study in the form of an industrial hygiene survey is a mechanical means by which the plant is ob- ' served department by department for the purpose of noting occupa t tional hazards and unsafe practices so that they may be appraised. Such a survey should include a work analysis, analytical procedure rating of hazards, analyses of the hazards and recommendations for control. The work analysis should be made by noting each and every job carried out in the plant, method of process, and hazardous conditions to which each worker 74 SOUTHERN POWER & INDUSTRY for JANUARY, 1946 ited opited inand lost of and rnigh ing ing the lay lus me of ion ige di to .fi as re, 5 S, ilhe is *rdnig' of se te al y a il il )- it \- ;s I. a e e r e V s r COMMON PROCESSING MATERIALS WITH SAFE CONCENTRATION AND PH Y SI OLOGICAL SYMPTOMS TOXIC MATERIAL INDUSTRIAL USE SAFE CONCENTRATIONS PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE A crolein A m m o n ia A n ilin e A rsen ic Com pounds B ro m in e B en zol C ad m iu m C arbon D isu lfid e C arbon M on oxid e C arbon T etra ch lo rid e C h lo rin a ted D ip h en y ls C h lo rin e C h lo ro b en zen e C h rom iu m Com pounds E th ylen e D ich lo rid e F o rm a ld eh y d e H y d ro ch lo ric A cid H ydrogen S u lfid e L ead M ercury S ilic a D u st (F ree) S u lfu r D io x id e S u lfu ric A cid T o lu en e Z in c O rg a n ic sy n th e sis ; m fg. m ilita r y soap and v a rn ish ; fertilizer. gases; O rg a n ic p r e p a r a tio n s; r e fr ig er a tio n ; b r o n z in g ; d y e an d co lo r m fg .; su g a r ro tm in g . O rg a n ic sy n th e sis; d y e m fg .; p a in t va rn ish ; d isin fe c ta n ts ; ex p lo siv es. and P a in t and p ig m en ts; leath er in d u stry ; in se c tic id e s; m in in g an d sm e llin g ; a y e an d v a rn ish m fg. O rgan ic sy n th e sis ; d y e s; b ro m id e s; e x p lo siv es. S o lv e n t; p ain t and v a rn ish rem o v ers; d y e; varn ish m fg ,; ru b b er in d u stry . A llo y s; cad m iu m s a lts ; e le c tr o -p la tin g ; sto r a g e b a tte r ie s ; le a d a n d zin c sm e ltin g . S o lv e n t; m fg. vi> cose raj on ; v a r n ish es; in se c tic id e s; carb on tetra ch lo rid e. M fg . iron and s te e l; en a m el; illu m in a tin g g a s; k iln o p e r a tio n s; sm e ltin g . S o lv e n t; m fg. clea n in g com p ou n d s; p a in t an d la cq u er in d u strie s. dye; E le c tr ica l eq u ip m en t; la cq u er m fg .: p ain ts, w a x m fg. O rg a n ic sy n th e sis ; te x tile b le a c h in g ; w a te r p u r ific a tio n ; ch lo rin a tio n . S o lv e n t lo r c e llu lo se a ceta te, r e sin s, o ils, fa ts ; d rjr cle a n in g . D y e in g ; m eta llu rg y ; in g ; ta n n in g . e lectro p la tin g , p rin t O rg a n ic sy n th e sis; s o lv e n ts; th in n er for la cq u ers. O rgan ic s y n th e sis ; d y e s; ru b b ei g o o d s; lea th er; sy n th e tic r esin s and lacq u ers L ea th er in d u stry ; organ ic sy n th e sis; d y e stu ffs ; m fg . ch lo rid es. R eagen t ; a n a ly tica l ch em istry ; ra y o n sp in n in g ; lea th e r ta n n in g , and sm eltin g ; p ap er m fg. v isco se m in in g C h em ical eq u ip m en t lea d p ig m e n ts; a llo y s; sto ra g e b a ttery m fg .; in sec tic id e s, P rep , m ercu ry sa lts, sc ie n tific in stru m en ts, ch em ical p ro cessin g . F o u n d ries; sto n r in d u str y ; a b ra siv e c le a n in g ; b la stin g . R e fr ig e r a tio n ; b lea ch in g ; c e llu lo se ; p a p er; m in in g and sm eltin g . F e r tiliz e r s; re fin in g , e x p lo siv e s; organ ic s y n th e sis ; lea th e r ; te x tile s ; ch em ica ls. S o lv e n t; p a in t an d v a r n ish ; organ ic p rep a r a tio n s; d y e and v a rn ish ; ru b b er in d u stry . M eta llu rg y ; g a lv a n izin g , b ra ss fo u n d ries-- sm eltin g . 1.0 ppm 1 00 ppm 5 .0 ppm 0 5 m g /M '1 1 0 ppm 100 ppm 0 .1 m g /M '; 20 ppm 100 ppm 100 ppm 1 . 0 m g / M ;! 1.0 p p m 75 ppm 0 . 1 m g / H il 100 ppm 20 ppm 10 ppm 20 ppm 0 .1 5 m g /M " 0 . 1 m g / M !> 5 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 p .p .c .f. 10 ppm 2 0 ppm 20 0 ppm 15 m g /M - irrita tio n of sk in and m ucous m em branes of e y es and resp ira to ry tra ct, d y sp n ea , b ron ch itis. Irrita tio n o f resp ira to ry p a ssa g es, cou gh , p u l m on ary edem a, sev ere ey e irrita tio n , ca u stic action on sk in . M u scu la r w e a k n ess, v ertig o , in g , n erv o u s sym p tom s, lo ss n au sea, v o m itin g , d iarrh ea. cy a n o sis, fa in t o f eq u ilib riu m , P a in s in sto m a ch , \o m itin g . d iarrh ea, h e a d ache, g a str ic d istu r b a n ce s, sk in d isea se s, lo ss of h air, w e a k n ess. Ir rita tio n o f air p a ssa g es, b ron ch itis, c o n ju n c tiv itis , sk in e ru p tio n s, d isco lo r a tio n of sk in . H ead ach e and v ertigo, gastro in te stin a l d is tu rb an ces, h em orrh ages, in ju ry to b lood fo rm in g o rg a n s w ith c h a n g e s in b lood p ictu re, in ju r y to b lo o d v e sse ls, h eart, liv er, k id n e y s, etc L o ss of a p p etite, w ea k n ess, n au sea, in fla m m a tio n of th e lu n g s, cou gh , so r en ess o f ch est. H ead ach e, vertigo, w eak n ess, m en tal d istu r b a n ces, irr ita tio n o f sk in . H ead ach e, p a in fu ln e ss o f ey eb a ll, th ro b b in g of tem p les, w e a k n ess, n a u sea , v o m itin g , in crea sed re sp ir a tio n an d p u lse, co lla p se. Irrita tio n o f nose, throat and ey es, nau sea, h ea d a ch e, v o m itin g , c o n fu sio n , n a rco sis, in ju ry to liv er, d e r m a titis A cn eform sk in eru p tio n s, ja u n d ice an d a trop h y o f liv er. A cu te ca rd ia c p a r a ly sis, b u rn in g, cou g h , b r o n c h itis, ch ro n ic a n em ia , b ro n ch ial catarrh . b listerin g , nasal and H ea d a ch e, g id d in ess. B lo o d ch an ges. B r o n c h itis; b ro n ch o p n eu m o n ia , a n em ia, n e p h r itis, u lcers o f sk in an d m em brane, p erfo ra tio n o f n a sa l sep tu m . Irrita tio n of ey e s an d n ose, v ertigo, u n co n sc io u sn e ss and d eath if exp o su re is p rolon ged . Irrita tio n of m u cou s m em branes, co n ju n ctiv itis, se v er e d e r m a titis, d eg e n e r a tio n of liv er. C ou gh in g, b r o n c h itis, d e str u c tio n o f tee th , c o n tra ctio n of th roat, ca u stic actio n on sk in . C o n ju n ctiv itis, e x h a u stio n , p a llo r, p a in in e y e s, n o se an d th ro a t; h ead ach e, co n v u lsio n s, p a r a l y sis. W ea k n ess, p allo r, lo ss of a p p etite, lea d lin e, a n em ia, c o n stip a tio n , cram p s, co lic. In fla m m a tio n oi g u m s an d m u cou s m em b ran e o f the m outh , n ecro sis of th e jaw , en teritis, a n em ia, tre m o r s o f th e h a n d s an d fa ce. F ib r o tic lu n g tissu e , d ev elo p m en t of silic o sis. B ro rch itis, cou gh in g, la ry n g itis, b ron ch op n eu m on ia, d ig e stiv e d iso rd er s. A cu te an d ch ro n ic b ron ch itis, b ron ch op n eu m on ia, d ec a y o f te e th . O n th e sk in , p a in , edem a and u lcera tio n . N a rco tic e ffe c t, h ea d a ch e, v e rtig o , g a str o in te stin a l d istu r b a n ce s, in ju ry to liv er and nervou s system . M etal fu m e fe v e r s; irr ita tio n of resp ira to rj tra ct, h e a d a ch e, n a u sea , c h ills, p a in in lim b s NOTE: P.lkM . = m p .p cf -- mg/M6 -- Part', ot substance per million parts of air bv volume Millions ni partiales of substance per cubic foot o air M illigiam s of substance per cubic nu ter of air b L SOUTHERN POWER & INDUSTRY for JANUARY, 1946 75 is exposed. Toxic materials when present are investigated from the standpoint of the liberation into the atmosphere; physical state, whether or not the employee is re quired to be in the area where this material is dispersed, and the probable effect on the individual. Analytical procedures usually in clude the collection of field samples and their analysis and the comple tion of other measurements when necessary. Atmospheric samples are collected from the breathing zone of the exposed worker and are taken in such manner as to be representative of average working conditions. Actual sampling and analysis of the atmosphere is the only scientific means by which a known exposure may be ac curately evaluated. Some toxic ma terials make their presence known by odor and other properties, but these do not offer a means of de termining their concentrations. The rating of a hazard or ex posure is a measurement to de termine the degree of a condition and the effectiveness of existing control methods. Much work has been done in establishing safe permissable concentrations for some of the more common toxic ma terials These threshold values of fer a means of determining the ex tent of individual exposures. By an analysis of processing methods, rat ing of hazards and study of ef ficiency of existing corrective measures, a baseline for adequate control procedures may be estab lished. In most cases processing methods will determine the type control indicated. Application of Data When the industrial hygiene study has been completed and ob servations and data analyzed, it is necessary to translate this infor mation into terms of specific con trol procedures. Unless these data finally result in corrective meas ures, a great waste of time and ef fort will take place. Although the plant or process engineer may not be primarily concerned with ac tivities other than strictly process ing, this individual should take ad vantage of information obtained through the industrial hygiene sur vey. In many cases, a study of environmental conditions under which a job is carried out will of fer the production engineer a means of increasing the efficiency of the particular operation. The plant engineer should also be concerned with the industrial hygiene information because the control procedures applied will be based on an analysis of these find ings. The design and installation of such control procedures as local exhaust ventilation should be worked out with the plant engineer in order that the final installation may be entirely consistent with processing requirements. Control Procedures Hazards associated with indus trial operations can either be eliminated or reduced to harmless limits by the application of public engineering methods. Procedures for the control of such exposures usually consists of one of the fol lowing: Isolation of the process. Fre quently a job which is productive of dust or tends to disperse other materials into the work area can be removed and located at a point so that the liberation of such ma terial will not contaminate the gen eral working atmosphere. It is oc casionally possible to close off in dividual operations so as to isolate them from other areas and control the exposure. Substitution of non-toxic ma terial occasionally offers a good method of alleviating specific ex posures. Where toxic materials are used and it is possible to replace them with non-toxic substitutes, the exposure can be removed in the easiest possible way. Wet methods can sometimes be applied. These are frequently used in the stone industry in drilling, crushing, and grinding. Where ma terials being processed must be kept in the dry state, this method is obviously eliminated. Personal protective equipment offers an excellent control pro cedure where the exposure is in frequent or of a short duration. Where this type of equipment is used, care should be exercised in its selection in order that the equip ment used be designed for the particular exposure. Only equip ment which bears the stamp of approval of the U. S. Bureau of Mines should be purchased. Some exposures may be con trolled by means of general venii. lalion. By this procedure a suffi. cient amount of air is introduced into the work area to dilute the contaminant to a point below the toxic limit. This method has certain disadvantages, such as the handling of excessive amounts of air, and the failure to reduce con centrations of the material at its point of liberation. It is usually at or close to the point of liberation where real exposure occurs and general ventilation, in most cases, does not correct this situation. Local exhaust ventilation offers the most effective and generally the most efficient means of con trolling individual exposures. A hood or similar type of collecting device is located as close as pos sible to the point of liberation of the contaminant and sufficient air handled in order to remove this material in such a manner that it is not dispersed into the work area. This type control should remove the material before it has an oppor tunity to come into the breathing zone of either the worker on the individual job or the workers in the surrounding area. In considering the m atte of local exhaust ventilation, it is high ly essential that these installations be properly designed and engi neered. In too many cases hoods and the entire exhaust systems are installed by mechanics or . other individuals in the plant and no thought is given to their design or the principles on which they should operate. Unless such systems are based on good engineering design there is no assurance that the in stallation will operate in such man ner as to control the exposure. The next article of this series will cover organic solvents and similar in dustrial materials, their properties and uses as they influence the en vironment and health of the worker using them. 1945 INDEX Available to Subscribers If you keep your back issues -- write the editors for a free copy of this Index See Page 0 76 SOUTHERN POWER & INDUSTRY for JANUARY, 1946 fir < )0 W : Some said " Impossible!" But the Navy insisted, "W e want a motor that likes water so well it'll run in 25 feet of it for 90 days. W hat's more--it's got to be lighter, more compact than standard motors." t f No diving suits allowed! Biggest problem was water proof, pressure-proof casings. Cast-iron wouldn't do -- too porous. So we turned to fabricated steel -- tough, durable -- and lightweight too! Then w e found that fabricated parts could be successfully welded together to assure water-tightness. For proper magnetic characteristics, we decided to use field yokes of one-inch rolled steel. Things look better! W e reinforced end-housings, doublechecked insulation, made sure exposed parts were leak-proof. Nothing left to do but pul our baby in the test-tank, check it regularly, and hold our breath. 90 days later--we took a good look. Motor still running and not a drop of water inside! That called for a short cheer and wide smiles all around. Mass produc tion of these motors followed. mem There's a Moral: Every time Allis-Chalmers engineering solves special motor problems, we discover new ways to build better stand ard m otors for you. A ll is-Ch a l m e r s , M ilw a uk ee 1, W is. . HEAR THE BOSTON SYMPHONY: Every Saturday Evening, American Broadcasting Co, SOlJTHEDkl pn\A/CB i IwniKTPY IARIMARY l<MA 7 THE M O D E R n T A C T O R Y Here is a typical case with no name mentioned, because it is a defense plant. The industrial com pany and their contractor decided to standardize on Sarco for all steam traps and temperature control because in their years of experience in connection with many other jobs, there was no other line as. broad and versatile and as reliable. The illustration above shows the extent to which eight different but related Sarco products were used in this one plant, and the wide range of sizes required. Team work'in operation was obviously secured. Other advantages of standardization with Sarco are: Ease of inspection and cleaning without disturbing the piping. Small number of spare parts required in stores. Ease of obtaining duplicates for addi tions or extensions, and the knowledge that all parts were made in one plant by one company. W H EN YO U PLAN get the Sarco HOOK-UP BOOK which will show you how completely and satis factorily Sarco products can serve your plant. 104 M STARS pCW OUR EPENNANT 5TIPV TO SARCO Mform ance ilN THE WAR EFFORT A V MJ T I 'A M Represented in Principal Cities ! UlCO COM PANY, INC., 475 FIFTH A V i., NEW YORK 17, N .Y. Sarco Canada, Ltd., 85 Richmond Sf.rW.,Torontol(Ont. i SOUTWCDkl Drvu/CD . IkinilCTPY IAK1IIARY IQ4A 9 'W - WHY WORTHINGTON HIGH-PRESSURE PUMPS excel in a ll three . . . f 1, ,K 1. D ESIGN --Worthington has lbnger experience in manufacturing high-pressure centrifugal boiler]feed pumps . . . has acquired unique constructive ideas from power-plant operating engineers. That's why you'll find such superior design features in Worthington high pres sure boiler feed pumps as: a balancing device construction that mini mizes wear; bolted ring-type pressure joints; impellers shrunk on the shaft; oversized Kingsbury thrust bearings. 3 . M A T E R IA L S --Worthington has greater facilities for research. That's why you'll find the right materials in Worthington highpressure boiler feed pumps: stainless steel for internal parts--to pre vent destructive corrosion and erosion; forged steel casings--tested and proved by years of power plant operation. 3 . A P P L IC A T IO N --Worthington Pump Application Engineers are thoroughly versed in every phase of applying the most complete line of boiler feed pumps for high or low pressures -- capacities from 50 to 3500 GPM . . . pressures from 50 to 2500 PSI. That's why Worthington will fit the right feed pumps to your feed cycle. For further details on Worthington High-Pressure Boiler Feed Pumps . . . or for an appointment w ith a Worthington P.A.E.*, Write us or telephone the nearest of our 36 district offices. You'll find AS EASY TO DISMANTLE AND ASSEMBLE AS A SPLIT-CASE PUMP Complete rotor assembly of Worthington HighPressure Boiler Feed Pump can be withdrawn in one piece on a portable assembly truck without disturbing suction or discharge piping con nections. Simplifies inspection, replacemant or repair of internal parts. that there's more worth in Worthington. Worthington Pump and Machinery Corporation, Centrifugal Pump Division, Harrison, N. J. *Pump Application Engineer WORTHINGTON th e wont'8 OF MT* For Boiler Food Service opocit5 frc'm 30; t o il,500 g .' pv'm. j+ecrds from ISO-to 1000 feet. ifor Con densate, ChiHtd W at-eSre, rv`Giceener.al Capacities from 150 . to 1300. 9 . p. m. ' .Heads from 110 to 300 feet. fo r Boiler Feed Service . Capacities -from 25 to 1450 fl. p. m. Heads from.220 to -1600 feet; fo r 'W e t W orks, Circulation, Drain e a t, General . Service Copacilies from 500 to!600g.p.m. Heads 900.to 3200 feet. . f o r B o ile r Feed Service Capacities from 200 to 1600 0 . p. m, -Heads from 9Q0 to 3200 feet. 24C3-3 for Boiler .fee'd' Service I Capacities from 500 to 3 0 0 0 g . p . ftj. Heads from . 2Q0p: 16 7000 feet. , an h WARREN Pumps in Xecco plant round out two decades of service r- \ i Warren Pumps in the New England Confectionery plant in Cambridge, Massachusetts, include Boiler Feed, Condensate, Vacuum, Spray Pond, Chilled Water, Brine, City Water Booster and Process Spray. Many of these pumps have been in continuous service for more than two decades and show every evidence of their ability to continue serving satisfac torily for many years more. Whatever your pump problems -- put them up to Warren. WARREN STEAM PUMP CO M PA N Y, IN C. WARREN, MASSACHUSETTS If S o u t h e r n d a w c d 9. IMIMICTDV X_. IAkill ADV \C,AL n arts inst e of fide cts. be ite, )N I You will want to investigate Worthington Multi-Stage Steam Turbines for either con densing or non-condensing service. Worth ington's familiarity with all phases of steam power and specialized knowledge of Steam Turbine engineering account for low mainte nance and smooth, dependable economic operation. Low steam consumption is inherent in the design of these turbines, built in sizes from 100 HP to 10,000 HP for operation on high or low pressure steam and for speeds up to 9000 H.PM. For full descriptive literature, write Worthington Pump and Machinery Corporation, Harrison, N. J. WHO USES THEM? Worthington Multi-Stage Steam Turbines-- condensing and non-condensing types -- are now driving blowers, generators, pumps( line shafts, refrigeration compressors, airconditioning units, paper machines, cane shredders, etc. Data that proves there's more worth in Worthington is available on request. WORTHINGTON ) 1946 SOUTHERN POWER & INDUSTRY for JAN UARY, 1946 15 !9 G it your sum w I I I Pow er w ill be needed--and how--for indus try's great program of post-war production! But, more than ever, power engineers must w atch cost figures... figure out new economies. Consider seriously therefore the question of modernizing your boiler room through the installation of Todd Oil or Gas Burners. Savings up to 10%, on the one han d ... increased power on the other . . . for Todd Burners' in stantaneous response to fluctuating demands produces more steam on less fuel consumption! Tbu pay less for maintenance w ith Todd, too, because Todd Burners can be operated auto matically to meet changing load conditions. W hether you are producing pow er and heat for industrial, commercial, or m arine purposes, investigate the efficiencies and economies of autom atic Todd Combustion Equipment. Todd specialists, like the deeply-experienced Todd organization itself, are ready to solve your liquid and gaseous combustion problems. I I TODD SHIPYARD* , n1 w e st 26th Street, Ne York i , N. Y. . ,, c lp h ia . ch ica co , SAN FRANCISCO. S E A H > 30 SOUTHERN POWER & INDUSTRY for JANUARY. 1944 s First they bought one .. . and it proved so satisfac tory that now 22 Yarway Remote Liquid Level Indicators are on boiler room duty in four plants of this great rayon company. That's the way the good word about Yarway Indi cators is spreading. Plant after plant is finding that here at last is an instrument that gives safe, positive check on overhead water gages right down at con venient eye level. . . on a brilliant scale that is visible even in total darkness. Yarway Remote Liquid Level Indicators are accu rate because they are operated by the boiler water itself . . . by the pressure differential between a con stant head of water and the varying head in the boiler drum. Indicating mechanism is perfectly balanced on jewelled bearings, and is never under pressure. Therefore, no stuffing boxes are required. Action is instant, constant, frictionless. Made for panel mounting or wall mounting, and suitable for all pressures up to 1500 psi. Nearly 3,000 have already been bought for indicat ing boiler water levels, superheater pressure dif ferentials, feed-water-heater levels and other liquid levels. Write, for Bulletin WG-1821. Roger A . Martin, Southern Rep. YARNALL-WARING COMPANY Bona Allen Bldg., Atlanta 3, Ga. the COMPRESSORS that generate the , AIR-POWER and the , TOOLS that use it FORM rubber, glass, and wood In moulds HAMMER rivets, nails, chisels, forgings HOLD liquids under pressure LIFT by piston or air-motor hoist INFLATE tires, pontoons OPERATE all kinds of Air Tools OXIDIZE materials in furnaces and converters PUMP water, oils, chemicals (by "air lift") ROTATE grinders, motors, and machinery SAND-BLAST against metal and stone surfaces SCA VEN G E spent gases from gun barrels SPRAY paint, cleaning fluids, insecticides SUPPLY air to mines, caissons, divers VENTILATE rooms, tunnels, mines VIBRATE sifters, mixers, concrete WHISTLE as an alarm or signal And a thousand-and-one other time- and money-saving obs 1-716 For "User's Choice" of Piping M aterials it's the Compiete CRANE Line Piping systems operate under varying conditions. What con ditions should dictate your choice of piping materials, you can best determine. Then Crane helps you meet those specific requirements with the world's largest line of valves, fittings, pipe and piping accessories for all applications. By dem onstrating the merits of all types of materials, Crane, with 90 years' experience, enables you to choose correctly for every need. Ordering from the Crane line simplifies all piping jobs. Your Crane branch or Wholesaler supplies all materials. You're sure to get a better installation and better performance with all parts of uniform quality, backed by single responsibility. This complete Crane service is made-to-order for your peacetime program. v.___ - - ' ' ' piping to beat exchanger SERVICE RECOMMENDATIONS; Crane Standard Iron Body Globe and Angle Valves m eet all general service requirem ents w ith w orking pressures up to 125 pounds steam. Brass-trim m ed valves are recom m ended for steam, w ater, and fluids non-corrosive to brass o r iron; all-iron valves for fluids th at corrode brass but not iron. Also available w ith choice o f com position discs for steam, h o t w ater, cold w ater, air, oil, an d o th er services. In sizes from 2 in. u p --w ith screw ed o r flanged ends. C rane also m ak es iro n b o d y g lo b e and angle valves in all-iron; w ith brass trim ; and w ith com position disc; in sizes from K to 2 in. R ated a t 150 po u n d s steam , 2 50 po u n d s cold. See your C ran e catalog. Pages 143 to 151. CRANE CO., General Offices: 836 S. Michigan Ave., Chicago 5, 111.Branches and WholesalersServing All Industrial Areas C R A N E CAl1Tl IFnt tvmi irTBV r I Akll I ADV VALVES FITTIN G S PIPE PLUM BING HEATING PUMPS 11 %0 W EQUIPMENT--Continued I| ( portable Greasing Unit Pressurelube, Inc., 609 West 134th f Street, New York 31, N. Y,, have I developed a new completely portable I *greasing unit. ',;> .......................................... .... j JlJIJUjin,.................. . 7 . W f f * * 1 ( .>' ,< Equipment can be supplied with a grease gun for every purpose and is available either with battery pow ered or gasoline driven motor. Flex ible, economical operation is assured by its complete portability--no elec tric cord or air hose is required. Unit delivers up to 12,000 lbs., steady, con sistent pressure which is instantly available to clear the most obstinate channel stoppages and effect complete lubrication of parts. Compact design increases portability. New High-Speed Pneumatic Tool For Making Electrical Connections Burndy Engineering Co., I nc., New York 54, N. Y., have announced a new, bench mounted, pneumatic "Hypress" for installing "Hydent" (in- 1 dent-type) connectors on small elec- j trical wire and cable. The complete connection is made in one quick, \ automatically controlled stroke of the \ Press which indents the connector I onto the wire at the same time the \ nsulation grip is closed. | The die sets are tilted at a slight | ^gle in order to make it easy for | operator to see that the work j A . ... PALMETTO High-Pressure Folded Asbetlot Gasket Asbestos Metallic Sheet Packing Asbestos Metallic Gasket Tape NOW AVAILABLE PACKING SELECTIONS MADE EASY You can alw ays put your finger on the RIGHT choice for every service when you standardize on PALMETTO Packings. That's because the PALMETTO line is SIMPLE, yet COMPLETE. No complexities, no uncertainty . . . for each grade gives good results in a broad range of applications. Our handy Packing Application Chart will help you make a selection for trial . . . write for your FREE copy. GREENE, TWEED & CO . Bronx Boulovord a t 238th Stroot, Now York 88# H. T* Plant a t New York# N. Y,, and North Walas, Pennsylvania PALMETTO PACKINGS S d it-ia iv u c c M * ^ fo r s te a m , w a t e r , a ir. PELRO for oils CUTNO for alkalis. SUPERCUTNO (blue a sb esto s) for acids. K IE R O for foods IIS tOWiiWMSbl'ifc NEW EQUIPMENT--Continued any used previously, virtually eliminates wear and replacement. Further details are given in Bulletin 49P. Flexible Tubing The W arner B rothers Company, Bridgeport, Conn., have developed a new type oi flexible tubing, noncollapsible under plus or minus pres sures and retractable to about oneeighth its extended length, for port ii'miim[iMiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiimiim!iii)iiiiiiiiiiiiimtiiiiimiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii>iiiiiiiiiiiiiumiii<:]liiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiimiiiiii!iimiiiiiiiiiifi)i able or semi-permanent ventilation or any handling of air, gases or light solids. iiiiiimimiiiiiinummiiiiii'iin A feature of the Spiratube construe, tion is the method of spiral-stitch, ing the spring core within the fabric ' The inside surface is free of wire, ridges, providing far less resistance to air flow and no obstruction to the passage of solids. Sharp bends can be made with only slight reduction of air flow and without the use of elbows or special fittings. The tubing is con-' siderably lighter than metal duct or moulded tubing, and takes up less space when retracted. The standard Spiratube is made of long-fibre duck, having a bursting strength of 170psi; the fabric is processed fire-resistant and covered with tough, durable ther moplastic. It is furnished in standard diameters from 3 inches to 16 inches, and in lengths of 10, 15 and 25 feet. Electronic Air Filter A m erica n A ir F ilter Co m pa n y , 125 Central Ave., Louisville 8, Kentucky, announce the latest addition to their lines of electronic air filters, the Electro-Airmat in which the collec tor element is electrostatically charged Airmat paper. Introducing an entirely new principle in Elec tronic air filtration, the arrestance rating of the Electro-Airmat is 90% or better with atmospheric dust or smoke. The filter weighs 40% less than Electronic filters having metal plate collectors and requires 30% less floor area. Peerless (form erly Dayton-Dowd) H orizontal Centrifugal split case or solid volute pumps, single and multi-stage are found wherever reliability, de pendability and economical operating are desired. Engineered and manufactured with a view to long life, Peerless Pumps are available for all classes of pumping requirements. The right pump for the right oh. All inquiries and sped{cations processed by trained engineers. PEER! PEERLESS PUMP DIVISION Food M achinery Carp. 120 HORIZONTAL PUMPS Wafer Towers Boosters Fire Protection Boiler Feed Condensate Sewage Chemicals FORt VERTICAL PUMP TYPES: Deep Well Turbine Hi-Lift (Moyno Type) Centrifugal Sewage Jet Shallow Well Hydro-Foil (propeller) limps FACTORIKS IQ S ANGELES 31. CALIFO RN IA 301 W rit Avenue Tw enty-six QUINCY. ILL * CANTON 6. OHIO Airmat is American Air Filter's trade name for a cellulose product composed of a number of piles of porus, tissue-like sheets formed of short cellulose fibers. It is unlike any other filtering media. When an electrostatic charge is applied to Air mat, the plies tend to separate and each individual fiber becomes a col lecting electrode which attracts and holds the dust and smoke particles. SOUTHERN POWER & INDUSTRY for JANUARY, 1946 m Simplify Steam Condensate Meter Maintenance To maintain normal volu metric capacity of your steam con densate meter units, periodic over haul and re-standardization are necessary. You can speed up and sim plify conditioning of your units for accurate recording of steam flow by adopting this performanceproved Oakite maintenance clean ing method. Immerse meter drums in so lution of Oakite Composition No. 24 or other recommended Oakite material. Then rinse. If lime-scalc and rust are present, immerse units in solution of Oakite Com pound No. 32. Rinse and neutral ize. You will find that this lowcost method saves time; does a thorough job; restores full record ing efficiency. Send for FREE Digest Now! Send today for FREE 20-page Digest describing successfully used Oakite materials and techniques that will help you expedite this and 70 similar main tenance jobs! OAKITE PRODUCTS, INC. 23A Thames Street, New York 6, N. Y. Technical Service Representatives Located in A ll Principal Cities o f the United States and Canada OAKITE S p e c ia lize d CLEANING MATERIALS METHODS e SERVICE 128 H y g ie n e (Continued, from page 90) (5) See that all engineering sketches prints, and other data have been corVeifA/j and posted in order that engineering * accounting records may be complete. * *** >7 (3) See that the men and machines are properly equipped and ready to start on the job, (4) Check the number of men to do the job. During the Day (1) Check against lost motion or lost time due to workmen waiting on material. (2) Check or observe workmen to see that orders and instructions are thoroughly understood and being carried out properly, (3) Check for the proper use, distribution and temporary storage of materials on the job, (4) See that tools and equipment are returned to their proper places when not in use, (5) See if there are too many or too few men on the job. (6) Be always ready to listen to com* ment on or suggestions offered by work* men, (7) Any orders given on the job should be double checked to see that they are clearly understood, ( 8) Check the handling of materials and tools by the workmen on the job to see that such handling is done in accordance with standard practices and is done sfely, economically and easily, (9) As the workmen inspect their own work as they finish it and you yourself check the jobs as they are done, check materials being wasted or thrown away which can be salvaged, (10) See that all warning devices and guards are placed, (11) See that all necessary protective de vices such as goggles and safety belts are worn. At the End of the Day (1) See that all materials, tools, and equipment are stored away for the night, (2) See that all salvaged or returned ma terials and junk are properly accounted tor and prepared for disposal, (3) Check all necessary items to be in cluded in daily reports, (4) Make all necessary daily reports, not allowing them to accumulate, (5) Record all data necessary for weekly, monthly, and end of the job reports. Do not trust your memory. End of the Job (1) Check in all equipment and tools, noting condition as well as type and num ber, (2) Make all necessary arrangements for the next job to be donej checking to see how it ties into the job just finished. (3) Check all returned material, salvage, and junk for proper disposal, (4) See that all necessary reports have been made and forwarded, Som Things to Check at Variou* Times (1) Check the progress of men under P supervision to Bee if they are advanci*. in the craft art and in the general unds? standing of the work they are su pped I (2) Maintain cooperative relationship with other foremen and other denaif menta, v ! (3) Maintain proper human relationship with the men under your supervision (4) Watch the job continually to see that any suggestions made are passed on for proper consideration, (5) Watch your labor turn-over: (a) Try to appreciate cost of labor turn-over. (b) Maintain the proper type of dis* cipline, (c) Watch the progress of men in regard to wages and promotion, (d) Keep the man on the job that h* likes and can do. (e) Be fair and impartial in your treat ment of the men, (f) Be fair and square in your criti cisms and inspection, (g) Study and analyze the company's policies, especially those in regard to wages and working conditions in order that you might interpret them properly to the men. (0) See if you are getting the most pro- ductio possible from the workmen. (a) Check yourself as to your instruc* tion and direction, (b) Check your attitude as to comments and suggestions. -n (c) Check yourself in the way you givo orders to the men, (d) Be sure that you rate your men on a fair and impartial basis, (e) Check your men continually for physical and mental suitability, (f) Be on the alert for human prob* lems. i 1 (7) Take advantage of every opportunity to improve yourself. (a) Attend foremen's conferences, (b) Study everything that you can get your hands on that will help you with your job, (e) Consult with other supervisors In other departments in order to learn about their jobs and thus improve your own methods. (d) Take advantage of every oppor tunity to learn more about the preven tion of accidents. (e) Keep informed of all the latest methods and ways of doing the various jobs which come under your super vision, (f) Watch for changes in materials, tools, and equipment, (g) Keep yourself informed not only on the things pertaining to your job but to those tilings which will make you a well-rounded, well-balanced man as well as a foreman. m,.... . TEMPLETON RETURN STEAM TRAPS for Pumping, Boiler Feeding, Draining, Heating and Vacuum Lines Pumps Water at any temperature or pressure. Open float cannot burst or waterlog. Valves and Seat Bronze or Stainless Steel. Sizes 1 in. to 4 in. inlet and outlet. Capacity 2500 lbs. to 60.000 lbs. water discharge per hr. Ask for catalogue and prices TEM PLETO N BROS., INC. 699 Main St. Walpole, Mass. SOUTHERN POWER & INDUSTRY for JANUARY, IV46 SOUTh TEMPERATURE CONTROL . . Final steam temperature control with an allconvection type superheater invariably requires a compromise between two limiting conditions. f FIRST--when furnace exit temperatures to the superheater are high enough to obtain the desired control range, slagging of the boiler i I and superheater surfaces may result. ii SECOND--when gas temperatures to the superheater are low enough to prevent slag jI Ii ging, the desired control range cannot be met. The necessity for compromise can be eliminated by using a combination radiant and convection type superheater. Slagging in the boiler and super heater can be eliminated and a high final steam temperature maintained over a wide load range. FINAL STEAM TEMPERATURE T h . firs t h ig h P - * " * ,he .te a m a e n e ra tin g uni*5- PROBLEM The engineering problem here was to design a superheater which could deliver steam at 1000F. final temperature over a wide load range, and in addition, satisfy the second condition of slag-free operation. SATISFYING BOTH CONDITIONS The Foster Wheeler combination radiant and convection type superheater satisfies both requirements. Offsetting characteristics of the two superheater types balance to yield an almost constant final steam temperature over a wide load range. As the load increases the steam temperature from the radiant section decreases, while temperature from the convec tion section increases. Condenser type control provides what regulation is necessary to maintain a steady 1000 over the load range of 130,000 lb. to 310,000 lb. steam per hour. The second condition--freedom from slagging--is the resut of combining radiant and convection heat-absorbing surfaces, permitting the specified temperature of 1000 to be obtained, while furnace exit temperatures to the convection superheater are kept below the slagging point. FOSTER WHEELER CORPORATION 165 Broadway New York 6, N.Y. So u t h e r n p o w e r & in d u s t r y fo r J a n u a r y . 1946 155 ADVERTISER'S INDEX The Advertisers' Index is published as a convenience, and not as a part of the advertising contract. Every care will be taken to index correctly. No allowance will be made for errors or failure to insert. A Adel,CGa.y City ' o f ! 1! . ! . ! ! . ! ! ! ! !lf.6 Airetool Mfg. Co...........................................140 Aldrich Pump Co.......................................... 24 Allen Bradley Co.......................................... ' Allen-Sherm an-H off Co............................. * Aills-Chalmers Mfgr. Co............................. 7 Allpax Co., Inc...............................................124 American Coal Burner Co........................144 American Engineering Co. (S to k ers).. 20 American Engineering Co. (H o ists)___ 91 American Locomotive Co..............72 and 73 American Monorail Co............................... 42 American Pulverizer Co..............................131 Anaconda Wire & Cable Co..................... 93 Anderson Co., V. D ..................................... * April Showers Co......................................... 130 Arkansas Fuel Oil Co................................. 14 Armstrong Machine W orks...................... 145 Audel & Co., T heo....................................... 152 B Babbitt Steam Specialty Cu....................150 Babcock & W ilcox (B oilers)................. Babcock & W ilcox (R efractories)........ * Bacharach Industrial Instrument Co... * Badham Insulation Co............................... 4 Bailey Meter Co............... ,............................ 23 Baldwin-Duckworth Division ................ 137 Belmont P acking & Rubber Co.............. * Betz, W. H. & L. D .................................... 22 Bird-Archer Co.............................................. * Btackburn-Smith Mfg. Co., Inc............... * Bowser, Inc.................................................... * Brad-Foote Gear W orks........................... * Brown Instrument Co................................. * Brownell Co.....................................................136 Buell Engineering Co., Inc......................123 Bussman Mfg. Co.........................148 and 149 c Caine Steel Co.............................................. 29 Oalmes Engineering Co............................. 15k Carborundum Co........................................... * Carolina Refractories Co............................152 Chain B elt Co.................................................137 Chapman Valve Mfg. Co........................... 40 Chicago Bridge & Iron Co........................153 Cities Service Oil Co.................................. l-> Classified Ads ................................................156 Cleveland Chain & Mfg. Co..................... * Clipper B elt Lacer Co................................. * Cole Instrum ent Co..................................... 140 Cole Mfg. Co., R. D .................................... * Combustion Eng. Co., Inc........... 20 and 21 Combustion Equipment D ivision............ 30 Condenser Service & Eng'g Co., Ire. . . * Continental Gin Co....................................... 152 Cooper-Bessemer Corp..................................05 Crane C o m p a n y ........................................... Ilf o Dampney Co. of Am erica. . ... * Dart Mfg. Co., E. M................................ 1 4 D avis Regulator Co......................................K*7 Dayton Rubber Mfg. Co........................... * Dearborn Chemical Co............................. * De Daval Steam Turbine C o .............. * Detroit Stoker Co......................................... M E Eagle Mfg. Co..................... . . 4 Hagle-Picher Co............................................ 17 Edward Valves, Inc.................................... 77 Elgin Softener Corp..................................... 159 Elliott Co......................................................... 18 Engineer Co.................................................... * Ernst W ater Column & Gage Co......... 152 E v e rla s tin g V alv e C o.................................... * F Fairbanks, Morse & Co........... . . . . 147 Fedders Mfg. Co., Inc..................................124 Fisher Governor Co.................................... * Flexible Steel Lacing Co............................157 Flexttallic Gasket Co................................ 81 F oster Engineering Co............................... * F oster W heeler Corp.................154 and 155 Foxboro Co...................................................... 26 Frick Company ........................................... 150 Fulton Sylphon Co....................................... * Fyr-Feecfer Spreader Stoker D ivision. .144 e Gardner-Denver Co..................................... * Garlock Packing Co..................................... 33 General Cable Corp..................... 138 and 139 General Coal Co............................................. * General Electric Co......................... 38 and 39 General Electric Co. (Bridgeport)..........116 Golden-Anderson Valve Specialty C o... 32 Goulds Pumps, Inc....................................... * Gould Storage Battery Corp................... * Green Fuel Economizer Co., In c............ * Greene, Tweed & Co....................................115 Grlnnell Co.....................................Back Cover Griscom-Russell Co...................................... 107 Gulf Oil Corp...................................... H Haering & Co., Inc., D. W ..................... * H ays Corporation ....................................... * Hercules Float W orks................................126 Hoffman Combustion E ng'g Co. .34-and 35 H uyette Co., Inc., Paul B ..........................144 i Ingalls Iron Works Co............................... * Ingersoll-Rand Co......................................... 83 International Nickel Co., Inc................... * Iron Fireman Mfg. Co............................... * j Jenkins Bros..................... Inside Back Cover Johns-M anville ............................................. * Johnson Service Co..................................... * Jones Fdy. & Mch. Co., W A...............142 K Kewanee Boiler Corp.................................. * Kirk & Blum Mfg. Co...............................151 L Layne & Bowler, Inc................................... 132 Leavitt Machine Co..................................... * Leslie C om p an y........................................... * Liberty Engineering & Mfg. Co............. 151 Lille Hoffman CoolingTowers, Inc------143 Lincoln Electric Co...................................... * Link B elt Co.................................................. 89 Lowell W rench Co....................................... 142 Ludlow Valve Mfg. Co., Inc.................. * Lummus Company ..................................... * Lunkenhelmer Co......................................... 97 M M. & H. Valve & F ittings Co............... * Manzel Brothers Co.................................. 146 Marsh Corp., James P ............................... * Marlon Machine, Fdy. & Supply Co-- 130 M ason-Neilan Regulator Co..................... * Mechanical Equipment Co........................ 156 Midwest Piping & Supply Co., Inc........ 16 Moccasin Bushing Co................................. * Monarch Fuse Co., Ltd..............................125 Morse Chain Co............................................ 79 Murray Iron Works Co..............................144 N N a tio n a l A lu m n a te C o rp ............................ 1 National Boiler Protector C o................. 146 National Electric Products Corp............ 4 National Valve & Mfg. Co....................... * Niagara Blower Co....................................... 127 Nicholson & Co., W. H ..............................146 Northern Equipment Co........................... 99 Nugent & Co., Inc., Wm. W ................... * o O a k ite P ro d u c ts, Inc....................................128 Otis Elevator Co........................................... 28 Owens-Corning Fiberglass Corp............. p Peabody Engineering Corp....................... 146 Peerless Pump Division ............................120 Ferm utit Company ..................................... Philco Corporation ....................Front Cover Pittsburgh Piping & Equipment Co__ 87 Plibrico Jointless Firebrick Co................132 Powell Co., W m ............................................ 141 Powers Regulator Co...................................12$ Prat-Daniel Corp.......................................... Pritchard & Co., J.F ................................ 119 3Q7 Quaker Rubber Corp................................... 136 R Raybestos-M anhattan Corp..................... \ Readlng-Pratt & Cady D ivision.............. 105 Refinery Supply Co.................................... * Reliance Electric & Engineering Company ................. Inside Front Cover Republic Flow Meters Co......................... Republic Rubber D iv is io n ....................... 2 Richardson Scale Co...................................121 Rockwood Mfg. Co...................................... * Ross Heater & Mfg. Co............................. 36 Roto Division ...............................................101 Round & Son, D avid................................... * Sarco Co., Inc....................... 9 Shearhouse, James D ................................. 150 Shell Oil Co., Inc.............................. .......... * Shepard Niles Crane & HoWtCorp....117 Sinclair Refining Co....................................129 Skilsaw, Inc.................................................... Skinner Engine Co...................................... Smooth-On Mfg. Co..................................... 136 Snap-On Tools Corp.................................. 2 Socony-Vacuum Oil Co............................. oi Southern Natural Gas Co......................... * Southern Railway System ....................... b9 Southern States Iron Roofing Co.............. * Squires Co., C. E .........................................142 Stow Mfg. Co., Inc..................... ................ Strong, Carlisle & Hammond Co.............. * Sturtevant Co., B. F ................................... ^ Swartwout Co..................... .......................... Syntron Company ....................................... 1,)l' Taylor Forge & Pipe W orks................... 160 Templeton Bros., Inc................................. Tennessee Corp............................................ Tennessee Eastm an Corp. ---- .... }%> Terry Steam Turbine Co., The. 134 and 13> T^exas C/O ^ Todd Shipyards Corp. (Combustion Equipment Division) ................... 30 Trico Fuse Mfg. Co............................ 157 Troy Engine & Machine Co..................... uUnion Asbestos & Rubber C o ...84 and 85 United States Rubber Co.........................IV-1 Voss Co.. J. H. ............................................ Vulcan Soot Blower Corp..........................134 w Want Ads ...................................................... 1? Warren Steam Pump Co., Ine................. l j W atchemoket Optical Co., Inc............... ) W ebster Engineering Co........................... W estinghouse Electric Corp..................... W heeler Mfg. Co., C. H ............................. 142 Wilson, K. .. .................................................. W ing Mfg. Co., L. J .................................. 103 Worthington Pump & Machinery Corporation ...............................11 arui 15 W rigley Jr., Co., W illiam ..........................H* Y Varnall-W aring Co...........................19 and 67 158 SOUTHERN POWER & INDUSTRY for JANUARY, 1946