Document zzjDZoeDL2BL2nKQn10Zr8geg

Mr. ff.W.P. Shepherd, T. & N. Ltd. ** k'ilZ -10th July, 1943. Dr. Leroy U. Gardner's Asbestos -.........--Dust Experiments.-- In conneotion with your note of 3rd July, I `am now Bending .you a copy of Dr. Francis's comments on Dr. Gardner's letter, and you may think it would, he worth while to forward them to America. R. G. bthill. c? 060 06 00124 W/Uxt 8th July, 1943. ccjararrs oh is. lsrot u. oabdsks's usns to hr. tahdxvkr bboto cp tbs J0HH3-MAM7ILL3 CORKBATIOH. DATED 9ffl JqBB~1943 The first point is the frequency of the incidence of tubarculosis with asbestosia in England andtha relaW.T* infrequency of ;tubsreula infection in asbestos workers in the U.3.A. w v . 'hi 1 i<; .vr.i-. c7i ,vl:: . a.: amr, ii'm is.- ISr-/i h.> kO.v-j'v: , Dr. Gardner does sot appear to-appreciate the point that in Rngi postmortem ezsainations are carried out da tbs caae.'of fit dutfo. of former , asbestos workers who have been certified as suffering from tho oonplaint, whether thoy die is institutions car not. Consequently since 1931, whan the regulations tasking asbestoais an industrial disease; came 1sto fcroo, the statistics in '-,V:Robhdale, end presumably throughout the country, i^^cazpleta ai^ show that a high proportion of. deaths of^certified, asbeatoaih cases. iaduo. to pulmonary tuberculosis, eocaleratedby MWstosisJOT;^th aihest08ia ss _a iconti'3lJutary,ivT^ cause. In no case' where postmortem araalrwtlca hajsjte^n, sade has death been "rg j shewn to be due to asbestoais alcoo,but~dfiath is nwiiflly dwir tA /-: ^ piT^.Ty'" complaint such as bronchitis, pneunonla or tubarcaieaja~aaaociaVedL. ' with aabestosis. ' .' Therefore several cases in which cancer has bean shown to bo h contributory caue'atdeathT-^,,''V7^eew vi..v'^'ixiv * :**'* We do not aa yet, in this district, carry oat X-ray surveys of large groups of employees, bat aftar the war this say be possible and Dr. Gardner's point will then be cleared up finally. Meanwhile I think we must accept the faot that in this district at least tuberculosis is often associated with fibrosis duo to asbestos. Proa tba workJtana by Dra. King and Belt for os, we can agree that in animal experiments tuberculosis is not usually associated with fibrcaia doe to asbestos. The suggestion that Dr. Merewether's oases of tuberculosis in asbestos workers occurred in the soma family because five of the subjects bad tbs case nsxs again is probably dua to Dr. Gardner's unfanrillarlty with conditions in Rngiarid. In this district, for example, certain surnames occur with great frequency, e.g. Ashworth, Butterworth and Clegg, whilst in Wales surnames such as Jonas, Evans, Davies and Owen predominate, so that it cannot be assumed that people with the same name' are closely related, at least, in recent generations. The incidence of tubsroulosls in England nay, on the other hand, ha associated with ollnatlo conditions, since oar textile factories are situated In areas previously found favourable far textile processing, e.g. in Lancashire, where the climate is cold and damp. The reverse is tbs ease in America, chare most of the asbestos textile factories are situated in the Eastern States, with a dry climate in smear and winter. With regard to the effeet of alrasininn and alumina, the bhamlcal work that we have undertaken suggests that aluminium is more effective in suppresi the solubility of asbestos in Ringer's solution than alumina. We have emwlned several types of activated and colloidal aluminas and powdered aluminium and find that all thus products suppress the solubility of silica in varying degree* Aluminiu* powder is wany times acre affective In this respect than any of the compounds of aluaina that we hare axsalned, a.g. ,* or less of aluminium powder L _ \ v (ra>) ---------------------- 060 O6~G0125 - I I U`, _______ -_.i.. on the asbestos completely suppresses the solubility of the .SilioS, "vhsrsas the same effect la only observed with' 'the 'batter type# of aluana!hen -1$ ia1:. ': present. Consequently, ns believe that if any of the fihfioaisr resulting" from the presence of snail particles of asbestos in the lnn^ is due to the effeet of silica in edntioa, then traces of sluminiua vill be'Bsore 'effective in preventing this than traces' of; lOnmlna.-' Pr.- King rs' hoping',to%eiamin*''''-'""';'' this point aore folly in animal eiperiaents in the near 'future;"' a'xo"'i''` ....... .-or v...' ,Xi... nc:ii;j nesuw'j ,i~u -x anoxioi'iia:?! ni ajtc X sa in' '^reenentri^->M~ formation`of aabestoaia bodies' appears to W *n>tt*apt; on; the',part cf'the u'i' " lung tissue to overooae thelrritatlng Beohshicsi effeotg3 of'ibrmineral ;;:ri fibre and that then the fibres have' been3 ^ted; offijolen^iy!W,iound then off at the ends, irritation may veil-'ease}Jfe:ha[ve''trii4j'`'iibtti 'ttccss#i{-u;~y to produce aabestoaia bodioa in vitro and -I - shall ba;vofy: inicrested to' obtain : J details of a method far' doing thsu-u;if Dr.' Gardner' succeeds- in' obtaining-' - suffioient aabestoaia bodies-for tests'in animal1 experiments rfeel''lire''thatriJ r"r the results will be very interesting and significant;-' Uil;w ^. ;e . 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