Document zz5xjK5vjzXr8rLKvNkwx9Gx0

* v> 1 120 (IMO. "TnmttnMMi, K. V..wl Twrr, 0. M.. Atwfc>n!Hrr, B.9Vt (10*1). ' NtA*lr, I. K.M.. IUf*rt A'lt.lU, lltOOM). TlfifHiii Mm *a4 Tnr imiw, p ii h, iw. if. a.,** a, rtt siiwini. *>I..|7.1?M(I0?). twirl*. |l 1... AMcrMto. 0. T. 1*4 0Mi*, P. T,, Mum, 1M. KM IICWl. 'PWln*. 1. . prafiH di ImmuIii, M.T., IM Aafait, I, T.. JTfhm. MO. IX WVMn.Jl..*al m**. W. J,, Mmm.IM.WI1MI. *swwwr ~ ,, tit Wtrhitr.VnfcMwt,J.r.,**t PMn, W,, HIM Ml tent. Chlorinated Biphenyls in Fish, Mussels and Birds from the River Rhine and the Netherlands Coastal Area J. H. KOEMAN Inidiui* of Vetertniry Phcrmtcolofr tod ToKkotogr, Urht. The Nethcrlaedt M. C. TEN NOEVER DE BRAUW R. H. DE VOS Central InMItwe for Netritton Polychlorlnetod biphenyl* ire widely tiled in Industry, end they ere new miking m eppoarence In the world'i wildlife. Besides being a hiurd In their own right, they Interfere with the detection of organechlorlne Iniect'cldet such at DDT. At tho end of 1900 a note in llte Nod Scitnfitf' mentioned IV.'fia m tho Itiror Rhmn a<I the oeactal arm in (hr a group <>f mn|Mimli which ap|toar M unknown |M-Akx in Netherlands. Tho identifies!ton wae carried out by ga* pn climnt(i>Kr*nw of tin* liiMft of fUli mil wildlifr. chroni*togr*phyandfnaa*pcrlroinetry. Forthiepurpoac In Sweden it waa fmmd iliet tlieee peek* correapond to a CH 4 maw epeetromater (Varian Mat OmbH) w pnlyrldorinntcd ln|ritcuyla (I'ClIa). oouplcd lo a Varian Aerograph Oven typo A 990.fi. J'CUk att hm<1 in iiidnalry aa hibricanlA, lira!. tmnfrr I'nrlienlar attention wh paid to ijtedeiign of tlie interface iiK'ilm aim) inanlatora. 'Jlioy ere compatible with paint*, Itotwern tho two imUMlnonta tn order U> obtain lho lira! owiilwtie ream*, variwdM'* and trnxna, nut) im|mvi> Attcli operating condition*'. Tho relative retention time* (r,| pniprriica <if IIhwi product* m Ilnur cln-mieal reciclance, wero eainnntcd wil.li a *04-Iff Varian Aerograph ga wnicr r**irtaor, adlienivrnre* end fleihililyM. chromatograph with eieotron capture detection. Tyrrx' in 1007,I'ClIa worn reported pmonl in (kilt aiuJ wildlife glaa* column* (6 foelx 1/9 inchi, filled with 10 por end in (treat HriUim and Uie Nathertanda*-'. In thorn atudiee JX7 200 on (lerchrum Q (90-100 ntmli). were wand in bath ?llir idi-Mtilkmtjon wna {trinterily Imaod on (ho oom|tariann of (ho gnnliipml chromatography rototUion lime* in tho Kdinplo rxlrnrta with llweo hi aefntiona of technical I'Cll ** ehremotogrnpha, and tho eeiumn* were operated at 00* C with Itolimn or nitregen m earner gaa. The t inane* of the indicator organtam* ueed ihrougtMnii mixture* cupplkil hy tiie indnetry. No information mu (hi* at.utly wore extracted with petroleum ether in a fti given alxMit llic idontily of llio individual peak*. Soxlilot extraction appamlu* after drying with anhydren* Wo tlnaorilio here tlte ooeurronee and diairibulion of odium mtlphaie. The aamplea were cleaned up by di- t*m* i. m*m neanw t . Trr* (THuae* ew e-ie * gwlllH'Mi(/lMl irw<tw.<terrwr<MM*>Mr HnrIh' , ott ew eft tn o-M cm | omexaiira*tralieIWMedii riliii i*i*i tcr M>aaw4rlo(tMtarN--timw*iiMr**I*iil(tdA*l) * m ....... Iv eilnrU IMO (re-a..c..M^Orarleffern'*i*rMMtnltMwn,aiii I KMn (AwmIom (MAnTliM) III*** HCh () iAwicrhiMlaTMItoiotn . ) TM*W(d)a trim m<t> ire tat CMpare 4 W Wile IH4 reuptlM ef iron, ItMrtnm< *m Meat W MlCMarewt* MinUlM u i.M..t,ttirelirr,TairlXia harewwca. HONS 030210 mr 'NATURE. VOL. 221. MARCH 22. 1060 I 127 incthylfewwunirio partition* nnd column chromatography rvnr anliralrd fluorisil. Column ehromolography was porfortnod in two stop*. Kirst tho apolar compemiil* mrlixlins tho )*OI)s Mi-m eluted with hosane Mid then n 111 |M-r neni rtiolhyl oilier in liesano solution m uwil Hi elute ilioUlrin nml ondrin. Only tlio results of llto first fnuiimn analyses m re|x>ei*rt hare. In Tnhlrs 1 and 2 Mis relative* retention limns (relative lo citcldrin equals )), (Jio msss numbon end Uio munlM'is of ohlorino aloms/moloeulo tra given. Moss Sfwrli'n were Hiken from all poaka present in Uio lolnl ion ftnmni nlirnmaUigTnm obtained with Uiodonblo ion source of I|V' I'll 4 hums spootromotsr'. In Pig. IA nml III gee ehromningrema am given of an oidor Mtroet end ateoh< inaal IH'H misiure (phenochlor 1)1* 0). Thoro is a strong rcM'iiiiilnnm bniweeri (lio chwrun capture ohromatogranw and llio ion ourruiii chrornatagriuna. Ili.ili from Uio mass mimbors end tlto mnntiors of rhlnrum atoms/moioouli> wo eoneltnlo that most of the oainpomids prosoul in tiro oslmots oftn bo identified as 1*OIk. The retention times inoroaeo in proportion to the ineivaNC in tlio number of chlorine atmna/innkxnilc. A mmaikaliln rmoinblnno wnn found in M*o oiirvinatogrMns of phmnehlnr III' 0, oloplten A 60 and aroehlnr 1260. Of her chlorinated compound* fbunri am llio ftmgioido lieKnrlilorobenMmo (IICH), p.p'-DDB and the inaootioido H-hshin. IICII oooiirs in all pisons whore indienlor organinnin were enHraUul, and Ita* also Iroan rtolnoted in seedraring and iiredatory birds in the Netherlands*. It does nni senin likely that (lie wi.1tapmart distriloiUon in llw a(|Untio environment Is caused innroly by Uio small scale iimi of tho ooiii)m>iiikI in soed dressing praolioo. On Uio oilier liniid. it. must bo cmpltasisod that HUH is a very inert onntfieinrd wltirli shows aetranglondonoy to aemimn- lotion in animal tisanes. Of tlio DDT derived typo of enniponnds only DDK was rlnleolod. although ono PCH interfered with its determination. In a former study DDT and DD1) worn detrelad in seals from the Wnrtdon pen1*, Telodrin was only found insoa birds, and from oilier aturtirx wo oan oonclude that Uns msecUeido most Hsvo (irigmoted from a pastickln producing plant near tlio inmifh nr tlio river* '*. Iloth in the roarh and the birds a enmjKumd with r,m0`1l, mass nr 276 and H VI was di-treted. KurtIter studies concerning (Jio identify of this eei|Mnind are in progress. Trtesehlorolionsouo and penischlei(*lieiirotie worn detected in Uio roach by l-lie mass ajwotrimeter at relative rolontitm times shortar than 6-26. Then* is a marked rasemblaneo between tlio Uireo sampling areas in Uw identity and paUem of tho l*CHs null ivlativo retention limes longer than 0-71. It somns likely therefore Unit most of tho PCR material proaont in Hie fish ami soa birds living in tho Wadrion 0oa ariginaied in the lliver Rhino. Tlio coastal water chiefly flows iMNthwards. It has bean observed that dumpings of chemicals are dihilori to a low degroo in tho llUoral ourrent. In 1060 a elandiwtiuo dumping of copper sulphate was displnced over a range of 100 km in a northern rtirsetion within a fortnight. It was diluted by s factor of flva11. As ean be soon in tlio tables. Uio kiwsr shlorinaied Tells ooour more frequently in the tissues of tho reaeh than in tlio soa binls. line may indioste that the War chlorinated PCH* are leas parsintent, and this hsa bean confirmed hy an experiment with Japaneso quad which wore fed a dint containing 2,000 p.p.m. of phnnoehlnr JM* II tif which tho chromatogram is given in Kig. IA. AH binls |it20) died between 6 and 66 (Ujn after dosing stsrted. A chromatogram representing tho rssidiia in the tissues (liver am) brum) of litem birds is givtn in Kig. 10. It can bo scon that a number of the compounds present in tho original mixture wore metabolised. particularly tho lower ehlortiialed ones. Hesidura in tlto brains and livore of the quail were measured on a somiqiMinliiaUvo snnle by peak height comparison of peak r,a l ift using the phwawhlor Dl* 6 mixture as a standard. Rosidno levels calculated in this way Were about twenty timm higher ia the quail Uwuca than in Uio livers anil brains of tho stdsrs- Tha quail TsW* a atis aeraas sue ssasiias or snowssMsitiesuMsisue-ii)aooernm(isssrsssssxssmstansun)seMr Srests vim stums sbissins mss (stums rs l-tl 141 t-f lU* 1M t-tr 1ST I'M I'M ' eisti) mill am<oi start! mm immsi mm mm mm mm mid .... "V" ..... SmM rl UmhIiIn lumStHSl|MmA 1_SS_S *4*o*4* *+***rr*4*** ,^sass'.i3r.*^*'"~," .r.u, ... . <..TM mm ,, TAhMmrisSsfMIMerSprS ONrtmAM Srs MIS! IMC> sM(f m<n mm mm mm nsm w<l\E\ ii! II Ei Eiii islii Sis S3 SiS Eli: iSiE *mMwIISnSM eBfrwfcfc ( rent. 14 4Mrhvsrvim4lHU*WSO(tS*SNMMIS<a HONS 030211 $: p? >JK HJKl Q;4'y f&r h:': IS ffrS <v'\ fc; 0i '/ - * 1129 99. VOL- Hit MARCH *B. IHI tho Wndden Bon ere*. Itetnile of thi* Hutiy wilt bo jtul-Mwxl opamM'ly, Tim peculiar phyrioal propertir* and elmaiaftl debility of I'CHft mnko it likely tlmi the application will itiereeer nntl (lint (heir rck-aan into llm eiivireiimriU will oontmue. Allhntigli fatal conooni rollon* ore proliaWy not developed yol along tlto Dutch ooaat. w* oi|nM diet memlermg of dm environment should bo MrrlM out rrpilarly In milrr Ut keep mi eye on the further Irondn m llto level of eontominniion. Aport from being o gefontial ImmahI in the nnMtml environment. thee* TCI)* eleo repteoont on im* tmrtnnl emireo of interference in (tie detection of inaretioutre euelt oe DDK, e.p'-DDT, p,p'-DDT and DDD. Wo ilionk Mr J. H. 1`eiuunya, Miee J. Uoeyhih and Mr 3. M. Eyndhoven for their teehoten) taaiManeft. Aulopey of Uh> quail was carried out by Mr J. 0. Vo*. The technical TCI) miatiirr* wore supplied ly I'rwMce in Kmivm (phonoeltlor), Meniaiilo in the U8 (arorlilor) end llaycr in Germany (olophon).. fieh front (lie Illiine uwo mipjilind by the Department of S|erti))Hnf end I'rofcaeional Inland Pishing in Utrecht. developed liydroperieerde with ft dooe of 2,000 p.p.m, Klich r* of.1* kino discovered hydroporiowdn in White Lrgfmm eoehmul* doted with 400 p.p.m. in their diet. No liydroperioarde wore oboorved in bird* which died in 1 Am CH..M. 111(11*4). JtffftMiili thmftW Ort M. III. Pi.*IM. M IIHOt KnrftlfHI* tf OeM rwlellin (14*. hr MW XWU a,, *M OUUns, It. P).M<mnr. M.. *,tat(ICSth ITntmn, It. C.. BHMMM. >. It., MtiT*U*a. 1,0*0., KMvu.IVt.trr IIMh. V.,nNmn, X.. AXute.M*. Hit <I**T> Xwtnm, t. II., Ottawa, A. A. 0., Vna, J., junto, A. H*eMt J.. AweiL f,, vlpMah.jk,, M**s (injure. ITmmmMIIMaimi) ten Kim * taw. M. <!.. n* IlnweH. ft. f. Anal. 0Vw.,M*, *tl <teRnottnatrax,tJM..tMuMtWTr.hHra. uJ.n, ,Kie,,e*. H.. 0*H*r..IK#.*W(it.M. H).tnxne*. K. W., Vula,ni.lM0e,,enenilriitwMiMa.rUemMIyOrAel,,wMiHMa MMagomtaM).,, MM WjMMM XWMo.J.n.,*en*0'a*f*a,H..A4ert.er*.l(Mwi4.>.*MiMSh " rsci.'i.'tJasv.^kfcJasr.'Arss' -* " nw^jt. r,, o'dm. a. o,, iet (me, v. a., m* Mm, e tree Spontaneous Mutation The following two erodes ere concerned with the genetic control of mutation rate. The Oral describe* the rtthmvtlgenic effect of tome DMA polymerate mutation* on phage T4 mwtMion rates, end discusses the. Implication* they hold for the mechanism of action of DNA polymerase. The second compares spontaneous mutation rates in different species, end considers the btelegicel fectors which may determine these rate*. Genetic Control of Mutation fUtes in Bscterlophage T4 Hkiutabui inereeeta in the retee ofeponteneous mutation ere usually attributed to "muUtoc gone*", themoeheiiiatn* faetien of wJueli remain ebaeure. Mutation* in the DNA neiyinerase gene m beoterieplwge TC have, Iwww, been observed to exldbit powerful irmtalor effeeta''1. augamtinc Hint spnntaneoue imitation rate* depend on Utt iwepertiea or 1)NA polymereeea, end nlen that Umae jmlyinereaM play an important pert in beee aoleotion during DNA ayntheaia. We Itnvo tltemfmro omberhed on e deleiled examination of Ute offrele of DNA polymereao muUtiena on T4 muta tion rate*, to throw light on tha gnnotie eentrol of muta tion mlee and poaeibly on the meeHeniame ofapontaiiooua RMUtien and of information transfer in DNA syntiieeie as wall. Thi* anielo *mnmeri*e* rtudlea on lempnmtura eonetUve (Co) mutente of gene (1 (the IlNA poiyiarrese gono) obtained from the Celteeh oeUeetion a* * nft of rrofeaeor R. S. Bdgar. A very large fraction of Ihear mutant* (iima oat to exhibit motetor astirity. A farther aurprmng rrealt haa been Um ihaeevary of aevrrel aniimuWer allolee of gmo 42 wliioh sharply reduce mutatum mtoa at many sitae in UteT4 genome. Tlte u muUMte Hava b*en loaeliaed within anno 49 by complementation end reeembiwation. A |tnduninary map hee been prepared from two feamr oroaaa*', but ite aociiracy ie limited by the very strong merhor effrota froquontly observed wiilt alMr* of gene 42 (ref. 2 owl unpublblmd moult* of J. W. D, and K. K. A.|. Tim fort.y-one mutant* oeoujiy epproaimately tuonty uno ilea, and moet of them show little or no dominener. *a i* to be eipeotod for a eetelytie ftmetien. Our teats for intmeiatronie (interellelie) aemelamanSetieu have been uniformly negative or ofdoubtiw aigeifleenee. Thcaetaeta HONS 030212 Trr'w,