Document zvO9DBeawqG8jRExZjaEr4Rg

OECD REPORTS ON ALTERNATIVES IN PAPER AND PAPERBOARD FOR FOOD PACKAGING AND IN THE COATINGS, PAINTS AND VARNISHES SECTOR Chemical Watch PFAS Global 2022 Conference 24 March, 2022 OECD Background to the OECD/UNEP Global PFC Group Established in 2012 in response to ICCM Resolution II/5; Set up to facilitate exchange of information on PFAS, and to support a global transition towards safer alternatives; Brings together experts from OECD member & non-member countries in academia, governments, industry, IGOs, NGOs. http://www.oecd.org/chemicalsafety/portal-perfluorinated-chemicals/ 2 Collection of Information on Alternatives Collect info on commercial availability & current uses of alternatives in different industry sectors and on their hazard profile PFAS & alternatives in food packaging (paper and paperboard), published in 2020 Collection of hazard information on the alternatives identified, published in February 2022 PFAS & alternatives in coatings, paints and varnishes, published in March 2022 Collection of hazard information on the alternatives identified, to be published late 2022 3 PFAS & alternatives in food packaging (paper and paperboard) Short-chain (SC) PFAS and nonfluorinated substances are being used as alternatives to long-chain (LC) PFAS Equivalent or superior performance Current market share of non- fluorinated alternatives ~1 % or less - WHY? $ COST $ 4 PFAS & alternatives in food packaging (paper and paperboard) 5 Hazard Profile: PFAS & alternatives in food packaging (paper and paperboard) No classifications or hazard assessments were identified for 18 alternatives. 6 Availability of Hazard Profile: PFAS & alternatives in food packaging (paper and paperboard) 7 PFAS & alternatives in coatings, paints and varnishes Fluoropolymers (FPs) are added to CPVs to provide resistance to corrosion, weathering, abrasion and scratching, UV and overall provide durability SC PFAS used in paints to act as levelling and wetting agents, have anti-blocking properties or confer oil and water repellence 8 Coatings Paints Varnishes OECD Product Categories Powder coatings Radiation curable coatings Other coatings Aerosol spray paints Water-based paints Solvent-based paints Floor and surface finishes/ lacquers and stains Applications Architectural Chemical industry Electronics Cable and wiring Anti-reflective coatings Ant-graffiti coatings Renewable Energy Automotive paints Architectural, Chemical industry Architectural, Chemical industry, Domestic Domestic, Construction Printing Use examples Fluoropolymers Exterior surfaces of bridges, buildings Lining of reaction vessels, metal surface coating Phone and tablet screens Commercial indoor local area network (LAN) cables, cables in aircraft Coating for semi-conductors Walls, public transport, bridges Solar panels, wind turbine blades Car coatings Architecture: bridges, construction Chemical: metal surface protection Architecture: bridges, construction Chemical: lining of vessels, metal surface protection Domestic: doors, walls PTFE, PVDF, ECTFE, FEVE, FEP PTFE, PVDF PTFE, FEP, PFAECTFE and ETFE FP with a short fluoroalkyl side chain which is less than C4 PTFE has been used FEP, ETFE, FEVE, ECTFE PTFE PVDF, PTFE, FEVE PVDF, FEVE, ECTFE, PTFE, FEP Protection for stone and tiles, work surfaces, floor polishes, table-top waxes, night-reflective road, pavement and traffic signs and reflective sheeting, printing inks, wood and cellulose shrinkage/swelling protectors None identified Other PFASs (Non-polymeric PFAS) None identified None identified Perfluoropoly-ether and polyurethane blend None identified PFOA, PFOS* None identified Formulations of fluoro- sulphonamides None identified None identified C4-PFBS and C4-fluorinated ethers**, C6-based PFAS C4-based PFAS e.g. PBSF, fluorinated polyethers**, short-chain PFAS mixtures with silicone. None identified for printing inks. Wood protectors: fluorinated hydrocarbons, fluorinated acrylic or methacrylic acid esters, fluoroalkane sulfonic acids and salts of fluorinated carboxylic acids 9 Coatings Paints Varnishes PFAS function Thermal stability Flame resistance Corrosion resistance Weather resistance Durability / abrasion resistance/ scratch resistance / UV resistance Dielectric properties Smudge resistance Anti-graffiti coatings Lubricity* Corrosion resistance Weather resistance Durability / abrasion resistance/ scratch resistance / UV resistance Lubricity* UV `cool roof' property Levelling and wetting agent Anti-blocking properties Oil repellence Anti-soiling PFASs PTFE, FEP PTFE, FEP, ETFE PTFE, FEP, PVDF, ETFE, Formulations of fluoro sulphonamides PTFE, ECTFE, PVDF, PCTFE, ETFE, Formulations of fluoro sulphonamides PTFE, ECTFE, PVDF, FEVE, ETFE PTFE, FEP, PFA PVDF, Perfluoropoly-ether and polyurethane blend PVDF, FEVE, PTFE and ECTFE PTFE PVDF, PTFE, FEVE, ECTFE, FEP Alternatives Epoxy, polyolefin, polymethylmethacrylate PVC Epoxy, polyurethane, polyolefin, polymethylmethacrylate; galvanization and anodization are alternatives for some applications. Polyurethane, polyester, silicone modified polyester, polysiloxane, epoxy; galvanization and anodization are alternatives for some applications. Polyurethane, polyester, polysiloxane, polymethylmethacrylate PVC, epoxy, polyurethane, polyolefin Silica-based coatings Polyurethane, polyester. HDPE-based products that contain nano ceramic and nano aluminium oxide Epoxy, polyurethane, polyolefin, polysilozane, aliphatic diisocynates-based polyurethane PVDF, PTFE, FEVE, ECTFE, FEP PVDF, PTFE, FEVE PTFE PVDF C4-PFBS and C4-fluorinated ethers**, C6- based PFAS C6 short-chain: `Hexafor' C6 short-chain: `Hexafor' C4-based PFAS e.g. PBSF, fluorinated polyethers**, short-chain PFAS mixtures with silicone. Acrylic, polyurethane, polyester, polysiloxane, epoxy, `Hexafor', silicone polymers, alkyds, phenolic or silicone alkyds, phenolic, polysilozane, aliphatic diisocynates-based polyurethane and vinyl Polyurethane, polyester, polysiloxane, polysilozane, aliphatic diisocynates-based polyurethane HDPE-based products that contain nano ceramic and nano aluminium oxide None identified Silica based and sulfosuccinates: e.g. Hydroplat None identified None identified None identified Wood protectors: fluorinated hydrocarbons, fluorinated acrylic or methacrylic acid esters, fluoroalkane sulfonic acids and salts of fluorinated carboxylic acids Levelling and wetting agent C4-based PFAS e.g. PBSF, fluorinated Sulfosuccinates: polyethers**, short-chain PFAS mixtures with silicone. `Hydropalat 875' and `EDAPLAN LA 451' Anti-blocking properties C6 short-chain: `Hexafor' None identified Lubricity* PTFE HDPE-based products that contain nano 10 ceramic and nano aluminium oxide PFAS & alternatives in coatings, paints and varnishes Cables and wiring - Fluoropolymers (FPs) used if high performance is required over a wide range of parameters, including fire safety. FPs are less than 10% of market share. - Majority of cable and wire applications do not require such high performance alternative materials such as polyurethane (PU), polyethylene and polyvinylchloride are used - Significant cost differential between using FPs or alternatives 11 PFAS & alternatives in coatings, paints and varnishes Coatings for solar panels - FPs are used in solar panel coatings as frontsheets or backsheets, to increase the amount of sunlight reaching the solar panels or protect the photovoltaic cells that make up the solar panels, from dirt, moisture and UV rays. - FPs highest performance, but there are performance issues over long term - Alternatives include glass, polyester, polyamides and polyethylene terephthalate - Detailed publicly available market penetration data has not been identified but FPs dominate - Shift will occur to the most durable, cost-effective and lightweight materials 12 PFAS & alternatives in coatings, paints and varnishes Architectural paints - FP-based paints are available for use on bridges weatherability and durability performance is superior to that of alternatives such as PU. - FP-based paints are significantly more expensive at the outset after 30 years PU coatings are more expensive than PFAS coatings because they require more frequent recoating, with associated labour, stoppage and material costs. - The overall market penetration for FPs in architectural protective coatings is very low, approximately 1% compared to alternatives at 99%. 13 Regions Year of Data AMltaetrenraitailvse Market Share (%) PFAS Materials** Market Share (%) Paint Market APrrochteicteticvteurCaolatings Powder Coatings Cable & Wire Coatings Coil Coatings* STmouacrht PSchroeneenand Cmooadteinlsgs (upper end /acl)ommercial/industri EU, NASA, Asia Global US EU, NASA, Asia EU NASA Japan Global 2011 2021 2018 2021 2011 2011 2011 2021 92 99 99 >90 88-91 83 50 ~0 8 1 1 << 10 3-12 17 50 ~100 S(lmowaretrPohromniedC-roaantginegs Global 2021 ~100 ~0 models) 14 Hazard Profile - PFAS & alternatives in coatings, paints and varnishes Underway Similar trends to report on food packaging hazard profiles To be published later 2022 15 Challenges with Analysis Limited publically available information on: - Alternatives used - Substance identity of the alternative - Costs - Market penetration Due to gaps in substance identity, analysis of availability of hazard classification/assessment is hampered 16 17