Document zoqavqEX6XyNbnyOXZbVvD3M6

February 3* l$6l Iz a d rooms and smrr BtnxEra >0, 159 To Hsnbere of the Lead Industries JUtoclitlMi DC5WVZD MUD BMRU08 OVUrmO tlAD Boise la beconlag oar* end nore of prohlee in protecting the welfare of wartere la all hinds of Industries. Effective cans of controlling noise art not always wall understood. "v Consequently wa recently sponsored research project with com " , of the country's leading fims at acoustical engineerst Bolt Jh * V Baraask and Sevan, to detendae bow lead, which by Its vary " nature acta aa a good sound harrier, can aid la the solution ::>. ; of noise prnhlana. , Aa a result wa reoantly published the-attached report based on this research project. Ve he11rev that it contains valuable''.*-' basic lafornetloo oa the subject which will be helpful to say* one faced with noise control problem. Additional copies are available free of charge la quaotltlss up to 23 and la larger quantities at our coat of 10 coata par oopy. Z hope you will find this publication helpful. Very truly youra. . IttXsJXS Att. .VT ' .* i - ' .-V h*u<lM"```r>```-l-|-T"*>T*^ -. -- --/rtmnnq nwlicri Nmuttanti, w i)h and appH<atloM >*< y. , ** /?- LIAO INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION *M MADISON AVINUI, NIW YORK \7, NIW YORK A.LA. NO. 39 t l ' l *; e- the need for a better sound barrier .' ' tobl# f COItfMtS | ft ulnHaWim / It Hew ulwblt k liltact? Thoafh (hrtt in (rw ntUwn dm t <w art * inn dollar-and<roa nm> la M fu< Mm. dim k DO dak (ha the mmy plant er oka, M ftmm at bomr AM nmttncr W. Mm dul "tmnttre" potan <> (>pic and imuhtm lodoyt is coco, ftaeic prtdtf ajo*t place to hat and work. And. Hr and larpc. people do a -- hmrr jk when (Vy km a pin |dw to work. fff Yrt. what otter caa operate ta to- :. di)'i hamm world wkM lype- am and hlrrtiuanl Wt hone* ... am widmi. (u, TV and nerd.. - risfrttt TV plant (ha hatmuwrw y ad dmwHag none k nieMtad. Bum we wnl d[idM ?U '"' (hr nfAfoinr whnh caotn nnkr. aw ' kan aad Mhcrv KH*da aad far* *% ) tonrt --a hr dnipnd l> nakwr with more nwimial aida, the ana* irkrtM friddim hnmnrt nm kn* pcrtjaL Two atm* inhactm prcbltoo are imrdtrd. The hrW aa <hr pmeation w mimmiikin rd mad whdwl --(hr aw ad dpi or awAxal bln arrnampln TV Mnmd. rtdoctaoa ad amd ItjpentDrm. hat irhcd aa aaaa- MIT imlnaua aad "asdad* Walk la mdmr mnn d am Aa a mall ad tfadm mark far (hr Lrad Indmint* Amxuiaoa by (hr acwamal (omahtaf tom ad Bofc. Nranrk and No*man mar warprumn larti aha wdao)! loaad trammo ton hair io m to lyk Thry hair liunj that a k fMr ruaddr to twald walk and.panaimt whah lad 'Tnrewte" Mi mwtd. yrt aitutty wnyh tra and niupj Im *for ihan (anmlira ally iMinnaled walk li it toyed (ha iht itpn aa (hr Wkia| pacri will writ aa an aid to antoitttt and draica tnfinaen to pm *h my tonUiny and nwiharwa] dprn WrW *>ih hMI ihrinirliMai |m m iId mij E kml IIMHftwara and will tntiauayr (hrm Mi tnieMiyalt dmlty (hr UMfuInnt id lrad m nd*ma priddriat td (hit kind i ( ,,' (: pvrTstt fevi :>/; .' -' '-^V^ ' - . K -." .'. !-.>.. fc>'.^^f; *^*..^HbC^'*'-.-V. e'AVv-.. >. ' ' "^".1 .X..*.,, -v .. /.i '- i\ $ IMPROVED Sound Barriers Employing Lead wHcrt btodu MMMvrf? M (fpnodlMllM UmI The lot of new ouinuli aod tr- Lead in aa tbma choice ia the harriera, Wadi to the tnrpciaio| coo- lUtrianl prodatla lo biudt fcaond hit pm ui n po*in| loafce. it iadttln wfun| gwnuli, acncatiul tik mi pluuc*. movable fiiwum mi ioat type*. There in ipecitl twldiflf tnnniqgct, too, fof larauulI material*. foe fuch, focn, walla, and ceiliofL acatih foe a heavy, lonp material foe Coautnadane of {wrtataooa. Having a deowty two of three tom that of Cnmrrm building maaeruh (and 10 0 IS Inner that of wood) it it alio a Trap" material io the acnuatkal aenae That ce--fiioattoa of properties, approach^ the ideal foe anaaatical cltarien that if two etpaaUy IMM aouod barrier parta mm are hah, one of lead and one of any other cunaa-- eanafroctma, the lead barrier will ah moat invariably be the byhtcr. Table I comparer thdtaew aod coat foe lead aloeie rema mm partatwa amcriak. It h important lo doccra between uKfitb that o(> in--J trmmiiartoa : mi thoae which wn^jentM toon4 .: redectma. A moo mi m m Kneit ole, foe example, want lew oony be- TMU I uae modi otipMMi| to it alt M frdectrd buk to i keener to the room. A notey coarmalaoa ocit dnoc, how- Type f WjM ffrttka Weiykf of Portlheo Mi notarial Cad !tadm net. cm penetrate the tile And none* from the tiled toon leak cait to ad. Jio iMfit M--M----O---L- To Ucatk thia anrt of TeJup* the partem mod letne a--t B hate two ley peopcrtier: t*hd/rt.oln*f ftywaaf haatM US Id Id . Id u w laMIMa M US .41 Vn* aydr.laed s'** Mm Mmaydr.laef U1 1U SV4 lOd ITS* U7 * l/U -.- i/a 1ST 1.11 --,sf * l/W welykl " The pcoct the atyfa (per atpaare foot) the pcatet the no. txioa, ot Uaoaamaaoo loaa, pm by dir partition material. IbnpnOM -- The acowrttcal ethoency of any awtrrul u a to--d noiaioe drpeoda net ooly -- at ar/fa but -- at* Teafof atidnew.- If a partem it Old tnuofb it c m actually loae moth of the advantage * pen by beao/t heavy. Thta happeni became the atidnew of a partition acofearer much more raprdty thao in weaffd aa a*o thaduaeaa it metraard. OXiiWiA a AamwOafiU 'Hamon hah mb m M M4 USi 41 , ltd M lid US* tit im l;O* US .. 44 '::"- r.- h.,r,^# UP IV M l/M l-M. 4J4 f 1/4 Mil I) at taiM h aowkh (lOlae Itt aunyta. I) mod ky MAa( taad amtaf M by loo h |* A fractal rule k: LIMPNESS BLOCKS SOUND 4 Ik ww \; i I t WEIGHT BLOCKS SOUND r. > UMP WEIGHT SAVES SPACE Surfacing: MALLEABLE TACKABU MMTABLC MWiAgl wMl lighter portMon* The i^tuUft at k aright la thr Rructurtl cngmrer a at meat *ignlkint than might at tn It cbmout tut eaample, hilc a (indtrWncfc nuiibct ngha JJ fcny (l . >V; lb.'q ft at lot *tU taaitM ta iin mwiial nolaiim lot. Tho*. dorr it * uta| at U-Vj fti tar every up ft at partition rmkt at IM B> fat mry boat fact if dir ceiling height in the roam a 10 ft Thu added i>|h iH far rrtaut HI WRUtt (loot alab ducknna Irauit fat tupport at die |iMMi lad tho wnat!| hum, <ctumt wf to an all thr *ay down to die faubngt. AmRhrr tin far fractal earttadcrtljao M ntn-.il Wifh may bt nett unparlaM dua any other factor it MR, far one iraion or another. to aomMKjl bttncT bus to be man J jtiaiallf. Soot hoimat daon or lUit| putRiant are taatnyuev A imm at dir TiUr ilmt dm uthet matmth ub up to damp Ota moth ibklarM it Inf to actum fifth tipul ipcech penny. Thr tmttl uttif ftptntmtil by tnRilrt partilian thknrva am fee Kurt an dir mariird tnrfol area M)m t hold mg By repining I bunk Mill Midi h't in. had thntt (attuning t 2 in Uwltnoi fat t unmoral truant lyt ktn for (hr had) lit nnp at nr (I tut ifttr na It out hurt on ja innyr htilla| tun loin at tp pmontltly ID pet U] ft, IM 0 M trip repeevrntt t untp at trpmu nuttly JI M pot IfOrtt fR a< ptm Hon looking of Wod m a building material living Irti fat tauai barrier partRwni mjjr, u birtl, ttrai unonhudrjR. Of {nine rtiio and irhviwua Mu-la*. li oril it cthtf fuilitm ohm urinal oond (cnitHHit [mid, hit* long ted had ai an margral put ct aallv. doort, and partRwm Andr fr-m tmtiiy, u dim antdnog to mommtod at candnna trad at a loond bamrt in bmldoigif Lett took at trot Thr am n- prwive had putRiao ccRttedcrtd m Table I con ft ho per Kpurr foot, or it! pet running (out in I mam nth a Irti foot ceiling Of dot. abnl $?.*> wnh at attbir tfurr rt returned per four and an onkima littag n tank betlute a lighter building mtgR n irqotttd b oaold appear, thoaigh, dm had canon rronanoetBy irpUee Man totxmnr bad att at about Ito per neaimt foot for inmar panemu anlna maUmg ipat er wigh r r i high fnmu| fwniihm^' eminhlixh. hct tartior *m tiomminml mid-andtitan Math, on do war ham, R ran be m dm dir rmta at a had parti- tlion nail air (raapmtnt-.Jaderd. hai hat wt aa advantage mf oarim, Iwotl metal paaUtam.M.i .* AMdr Iturn tiwiietatinm at c o m, lead hit many am at a holding material. It o inhabit . it ran be ailed, tuplrd. or. ia light ueightv cm ertnetitrd m [dare. It it puneaMr --had duet at mpftiid ia ready tut punting ehem any further lurfne rerparatMti, and R forma a durable bond Rh alt nanettiimal puon lead n hrrpruof. It it malleablefold R oe bend n net any regular Marinr h (an am be ~dtnacd net umpire turf net finally. lead it eauly tut and muked A m, diearv oe even a knife ran hr mej m kenng r*cwor CUTABU %T> ,: ,-V "W-'X&T&F- pyr'- .. ^ >'*". j-.j* What the data show ? iTlj lit , | i ; : i i ; * i i i t i * * ;;i!Tiitnni!i!rl!h:;,iii;:: .`Jill...... 4.: 'H-H-* *}t h 4| 1 * 51 * kii rt<*Tl ' ;.u j rFlirtiilgiis. nr:Jirn?iTanmif. . . * MMM * MM MMMn M * P ': ' > ? IJrfS;-------------- : `fHijiiJijj liiiU-i-t^ tht Waannininn 1at cl av IfjJ |WltrtwD pirttri Ac frrfKwy, (Fiuft I) C (M he w* thjt the fcm Mhftiin Kb fttifafcy ipintht puvnt *hm the tnAUMMi |u m irbo itntf to M> 4eukk Venr*fcat aN*e chit (tryiftxy * m Ac lriAimnM km mt accvrK Ai k^iti (fnjufY>iK\ Ac km * tiriet (met lapdly. At k**cr fie* i^arftiri (he km m mC hy the <M (hr IraJ Ihe 4P Ht hy the Cilnm ct the lr<4 (The k* tfitfnrM (he ptt>tKio tut, the father (he /mjurmf <d (hr 4(S dMt ihr hfjchrr the cncraH tfimmiMi Io m) In *, held mmwtwttt he 4 |4>Nn) 1 inJrHktl *!! arc mc j - fatal %rth the (iliulitrd tflnl id jsuiMwo t4 kad (10M m ihwk Ai krvJ iidi^rmei, Fi|Wt I iht the Tt i d eorral iienwc 4(J |*rtiiinm Ihr^e new ln*f Km pkeied a*4rw the j*f&ht W IffijurvN^ end (hr turf*e t<|N d gk thr petal*** fip#r l Arm* tkafty B thr n|wl; h<^h drmtl) l OiImh I#j d kad, r*f*4 tally hm <rw* p#vd *h 4 rlh*U( miNftt) HmH 4 h ^4^c > twrt * Bm * \ U4 metw atKCBirB (ati me Mni a* n< iw *m H- i !Ii i. * i* i A*kM Wat|1 i' Vsrsii How lead can be used as an acoustical barrier C food "woftpopor" Meny ojttmc pnWcm* erf iwiS be rtmrdifd rf the weight c4 the till (uiM he ugp*h- ready UKitiid withe* tarrtMf ttt liJrtra itjptifMindy S*rwe the vti^hl erf s u a^ rypweJ [wtiMjm (auU br AmNo J by the nUrfa erf Ufif *4 ktd ii d) m e*h t*de, frw inaihitMm fu*e to be merfe m the (neenktma to iipuhiiid^ incfne the KomtuU itnletm* mihM tohj <k*h wiuier to InM torb tbnjf Ml prainten iho W tmd m eiHpifCf-IAt (Jml , Thetr cay he mnM4e epph- tm*m m oyttwoi the k mu c uoh* Ua {HDpcTto 4aen Af'ptou- amrfy l14 . dock InJ %hect wh i hiitititt ik s J temer Uauultd to ae (m at die there ad * poMt- MMut *rfhrw*e lamitod to the foot far (a eudt he eiirrf to cat ee K<h fon erf foxi *hne foffc mote mfoiea ttwna/^i die rfoun n wipeed-enh u mi htodae Malm, ton, kU4K ad foW UUlv Thn, for n ample. %fm i four Ukn *tr is erfrf hstd<n( di typdl foefcmm/d* |m1 rfoon, thro Joan (M be into dion erf hdet atvMK mdun rf wdtr m md iffrMiKf I7 tMOffy CtWHl- w^[ leaf iwrt ad tnaaMjC Che rdpt iwodtlwry mc Wmit m le4 liwoKtd to forty (U drrti erf mtoefteh tuck m ikironwni tin hr firmed w*o muhnrfy tmh mk i fee n(f pnn erf nppneM 5wih 1 (roerwtxo hn the *rfenu/ce rf h>chrf l/tovnouro Ion ad (to torfereUr diopa| hk (he citerwe Mutrfa) puitdn 1 M (Iren, *cei- Mtffkt A kiJrd fdee aj piwir ten wltve idhrmt or inyly ikm kerf fed Midi ptMwn vMttie idtwt hot uowJrfddt *pp4etwr Srh mi the tehM*i erf few mohirefy ttrh w#n end mi apnto| thr unnlKii jmpfin erf p h (w | nxlfMin te ttMnfrff. w the mWttirt erf tmeJI wwwh*w mm **f tioililwnm e/tot de (frfnrfwil rkmenti 1rf the ae ton brn (trrtd ad niktod to me ato(, ito oc rrf mh 1 kerf Up wr>n itorf fatlMm l#M# it in ikiin thr wi^hr rf (hr end ||mm opiMt Mi liemrtMMMMi km hood. M poiidn toene *kitwi rfvnftnjtf<* die em haute AedkuUf, beeeM t ad! Up over jamti m die (tkWr, *1 tceii M emft* A wmlif eM>l*eiki uidd be riaonerf imroerfietefy m the fccirf erf oilioolrd Uimformm fut tkonal aabeMiom who buddop Addmul eperfuetaam fM wh a pmifMcmritM erf Up nrfr be food mi the hrlrf erf pUto* fhwtofifh ted reJio rthknunt e* ftdl ee mi (omwfiol b mu I kWetiin n ckiMim foe MMtelUtwM m roe ceiknf* of bmUm& pocioi kifli trotwmlnUw Io m bod alrwctwrM Ai the bdr tofpd. d n e eery ^rarral type of propotel A% e rurnfdr of 1 MiMtMr of dM type onr Bueht (owdet *4mt bnuutni i* Icdkiaw; *oj1 hn, Vi* ktd dwit J" erf Orielr*rfy low rfrWMTy |drf|^M oe c*hct mdm bond, Vi* fod aed 1 foil (Mi erf linjl YVontioOf, mh 1 toMtiwhca mid ton die Umw immi ton dM/** If (he my k/di Ummt h i k m kwrev pert*alert; et low fimmev mdretd by theory am feeJorrf mi peUr. m)i peoet w u mU km cm trrfnebde epfUetmri, p*rt*uU/fy mi *(oul err** wk et pi enpat tret cHK d^nMMirirt refit, tpotieJ mditriMN fmlon enrf othrf type* erf ortretoh uhn load bMld KWitic Hit One erf the Bwfoe petrfrfrrm now fnto| the Biefttofotiifm of Benrfetrf nrnMnit titr w thet the ko *o|k ad erf Mud tfolm ketod thrrl*f| tMitfuli retmMt the turnfhMAoei rf eemd Mtrfffi ImMo i Utfo}wP eorf torHtoMi mpff dut tn>*M p*ft4i* he onirrf up tjteMHf the totfee erf the ineM irfe Mi wk l (ma r k dot they da tot ntorf (rum dir eiwu tile criLof up to the enefwil tUb ibo At 1 rrtult, more ad amre rftffimky m ripmahtd with uund iruumiMcri throii^j (he etnuKx tdr cm the top of the peitftKWt AArf dote tMe the Mil tpece. Scmel rf (he BMefictoftn lute hrjguct iddiA| Uym of oppr pe*ot or pefwf or ora ahect ntti Mo the hath nrfon rrf k o iMic tik Ohm here iwdikd the opcJetoi h*m1 tohnh the like ert merfr Mm nadrf the bti owefete Ptott liftifk. pMd>A| hijehre imwmnm km. The epcrfmoori of my dwi lewrf forf to die Uk of Meaierrf mc o mk tik will rum arneteafly iftctiM tod thwli perm* (he tile memrfec* tam to ted etl of Im mow dnert* bu peetcrarrf ukt with or tekoM the mprtnrf tranimninai lore wehoto Bamhfpajt ha podtotki |M M a tenceie way. tptdfk ponl wghHd ' % ly (utfMj ln% At nn Kitnm conyiiUe *ilk (hr ir-, A yumw (*< imwmMi Im, B ImmmJ M (WtKMO caa ic n b>*U| uiVwl 10 dn nuqr ipeaftc ,, futlwi Sink I fnwiw, Wk & nmfbt luit (ooudmMr in * he icU cf onilili cAct MUk w ' odd be <ocmrutted d i ^ ,* dwk Ind ibrcl buoded bcluw m Vi* b)tn <d |4|i>i>i ud mU kit> ibc Idbwy driau|n: ^ 1 TnuAniiKU lou Intond lo tobl '"tfndi ftnief fwnfelcoa klwa .chin kirau thr bdpMd Don* Inch Ijpud let tfmtt. tit too*Uad GSKCl b Ukim Mracitml tip4*f tobt mtfftmtj (oil kn|kl Mark htmt mil mu) foKt Jr tt < M tww. t. Afitttnt iffitnm Ww Ih M Im mmuttl urod, juM w nkMiMlnyi d ru (HuUlny Hkm ifKitl . rifuiprnrnl 1 fnJ wrfm lo rnifu dumb t*Vt. * m, mutt Mik wtd kk mtf )* crfiotihed, < ^ Hindwd opflwM I tium itMonnl (tW|iMil M m nimnlMul (loirwtto ltwk*| ^ M lu* rmti, rr*y Md rilMiul l(U>* MlVIf to MM MKkd fuulmi 1 Engineering and design calculations fifiun 4. ), tad 6 in |W< of the rfM at Act) trad *rfh dm (Mivnlurut nil coo ttivUn In dcvjrnmf pattiticna to reduce mod tniminaiai, hnntt, t' the utin| poni till be the mud itdttw* Rijond nod one (hr ma terial id cnmtnKtKM In other Medi e nO ee bow moth at r*h type el |wtiM material n Deeded to a*k*ere uendeeiury tound ndwtHm. Aa the hr Hep n drro* dn *e meat know what ud Inel* are pemkeaddr. Fw 3 7 her been erctfcJtibrd be toda cl mr m typical (Acrt uj (bet term o i (v*de to the trwnae Ian needed foe qaict eflunmrm It am hr eeu that rcey <p*et cAcr* iiyiit * et) h*jh ireaMaamani Ion peruana How tie the ih mm( low el lwede|WMactkf(Mdl It a forcened h the (ember laitm ad Wtybe and Odtoera In the caw el any |*amtow naamal where a ample emtwt ai wwj (e( Weed. Irod, oe plywood-- hd nr piaOee on wood oe wwr laeh wwh toad*), the traownwto hot i itotcew (nr* tow to ha/ch (fryewin le t wt ot dwt 4 dnibeh ret atart la aebcf word*, then oar farT) <d the Wand daaldn, the toeoaatj will he tofhl) half (feel foe mad |*oav dmyh the (out Tim 4 dh/oeue toctraw la Iranmanual tow w kdrty a foairtitto id the uttfacc ttifh ed the paateow At krnr fnyam). a kill deop ad ha* to the 'fdateaaa ~ Aaad the (itpni) at khh At plater** warn a a fiaorti to at the atidoro ot the cnaieeval Atnc the (detent, the me w traaitokmoa ton %*h dictpjtmy wall aa**ae**e to at*o 10 db'oeute Tim wtewed eale ad me with faipeni; taWr, kailall)!. ee*l) ktatil the n*f>f toner krhto ab*eO I Aid a peojettnai at the how (mpeeay poetHto Fftaa th*a (onl *. 0 tenia*na paealltl to and ahoaae 1 dh Mow the penyeetwtl at the tarn fnejerwy tune. Refer tftla to fif ) (pafe I). All *d the <tarter thown ate lewd on a mint weight el I trreid par ti (i*i td wtlat Tm pnl at rk ra* h (dalea* lepai I* aetalrd to the ednrrt od the te*alrrtal (tm I aright I e jdpmd. ipntt ed to llm mat* nletter to the tehal material*, d** a plaieaw h|aia| at 19 dh Altf/torum, e*eael| Ihire toner at itnet at tort *o the umt weight. n nunh rt*dr and ihm Want or pteeeaw at tf i 3 i ft- dk ahde Neel Malta at 40. Lianpeat of all. lead rfwwr a (detent ttartmy H db. The width of each plateau to alto a character!** f the enea anaIrnaL Thoa it cae he am that there it touch the ciMtea hart hi yencrel; o they hare the tame t db octave dope below the ptaaeaa a thep hair the tame general dupe m die platcao itgtm, but defer la pew* of covet arcoedmy to the ttdfaeta of the material and in plait** wtddl tut* dir umc ftncril dupe ftbmc the rUkM, tun* wvj %tih % 10 Jb/oettv* n*e 4k*h fUttrot oto a 4 dh/ atiK rw 4i the curvt ii>pfuarhc* %i<Kio ) db of CM peojeUyon nf dc frojurncy ainpt. Affwalj, ikn, die whole ant for any auttrnl c m br deftied if coif we Lk w dir laiiiai rod width if dir pfetrae And to help locate the plateau nr know that tacit material bat a ducurnric traatauMoo loaa in db, drpendmy on ita ttiBacm, at which the plateau ttaiu. AO of dm information it feamlurd w Fi. L The onlp problem ranainuiy ia to hod the fmpotttcy at which the platt-aw atam or--to pa it another wap--to hod the bnpbl or intettept of the low ftnjumqr poetna of the cvnt at totne known feripucncp. To do Iht, at trip o q the fonrali: IU-h|* + tt |h| ahm-K,hlaWiatdiilmlrl *<* * h ti md ada atlft d ha partem pu mma bet I pthamiiliditaMad s'':"/ TYPICAL EXAMPLE Finding the transmission loss of % in. fir plywood I) Frraa dir hr* (damn of die l| Rot the (mat: 4( cptin per wood of 21 ortam Kaih dm at on table M Fry. a, led a demur cf i mood and 20 dh trantnwtanw lent. thr 19 db lerrt Thn may be done #> ) it. for I inch dwell hr plywood. Then. 4) Throuyh dm pew*. Iiyhtly dtew the lint trpmrntinf a 6 db per catave me * tiammnow km (An ytaphealli (dure divtueett equal ant octave}. Thr plateau will tod at about 2200 tpn - Hint rt an nact dowtfuiy h thr frr- 7) Above thr end if the plateau 4 tpwncr. hmte at MOO tpt the ioae wcwld br 16 dh, at IfiOO <pt * would (2200 ip !9db) Ihr toaa ram Will Matt to /nr at 10 dh.'wtave and I* :4 }) I'md the tranwnnweui loaa if IrlldK e* ) dm partKulat taw w:ll hryin to drop dot panel at 4no tpt Thu n putrlp a ') Rrlrr to the tteteid column at to 6 db eeltie tenethere btyietd fumlxai of twrfeit weiyht aeirndvay if the table mi lie to bod that thr the ranye of hearmy (11,000 to 20,- to the frenwda Ifinertnxei low hcirf* for ihr newer OW cpa). Am-* WA if Ihr plaliau fee M (fptud it 19 I) Aeleh in thr plateau curve db Math dm pare (acp-Ortemaulp Iht mat mum and nwanum will It W ip, IV db) iei Iht low Impoiip date 2 ' to t db aient and brltrw the I nhftmo It mm pou hare dr two mean plateau leirl if 19 dh ' i - |*IU) 4 It Am - I t t It writ A ft) ineo iifeiw duet if (hr lahfr. take a platraw width lit hi pip Up nenparmy Ihe pl<4 fie a % w Mr plytiaal paflrttn, pud dflW*  - a m IA m mM m_ w i mcvncr m Kin k * mc m  1 i to 9). to ito |tnaWJ( mim4 I loci Fi| T, ycm <** w ctof ' mIi a fwtitioa iil net to h>o h tU hrfp to rtduu tlv mmii fe (mpn<i ahuif JOOO cj - TABU t fctjcfc fmpvy (liikt ami hmr> Kit firm** U*> *n*k h w k J b> (mm m (to Mvnul mw c (mpimy f*Aft (W Appro*ImoH thkknnM d tlngla, vlenpla portitioni *0 * paemtuibW frommtttioo lou raqerkamnnt 2QUQ <p) n irU/vdj ir<Mp*nt to hum, rwirv Kunp mp4 W <& Mo**Hol IMc Vmh r*9vird in India* & crfkc *m projiktMi tnuUmmty (W 4 ImVi> fHrtJtma ei |4)%an4 twill toJ to ihifi (to thnlr moi to ito Ml <mto 4 Imtf Irr^wti) liA^r) wtowi r**mf it fe (m br ulrwUtrd aAca Oakt aAca Vwy aAca y (tot to atoft thr mot fat omt^l to Ar pH"iit (to left to p%t uitt/tnlery (fiwint ton tow to mtti fto 'AnktaMy tony tobar" Mwlaiii dir fdjMcud larf planar Clan imu m twiU Iu h fo to irmwftowjt (tow (wcrtu 147 JO .IS .14 4S Ul 4J0 444 1141 A* *4 114 Ur * to 4 swhn (tod? ^^ewdtiMW .IS S7 114 I i (^h k tbmiilf ifl thrw raw* Tfwtirw itocfub rtorpt Ired tit mtJtyre fee mw J fraitwiwirw tow Sard land MS j OSO JO .114 L Ij O 44 to ywton toutaw t ( pm^lt to wftot thr ww4 (iiimmw i tow <4 4 fwititMW to Wf liwwiwr i to dewed ftittfiaa mk c t u I with s^^e wBa^wa ^^Hptr ^wsn^^ste Amb* ttroom >nm Aara finxn mUiWi nMA arc h>n cro*ll W*J* Udcnl t n It mm Mt tto If tofiiw d Ird a0 (tutor 4 to- *n Hfi atnid *1 part W *a dirfinw W ** tot wiratt <4 iw w b mmw tow. w itofi At wirm m will r aw* m|Mkla|aUi*fM. p -a TYPICAL EXAMPLE Finding the effect of laminating lead to plywood At tm cuneplr erf (Sr h i W inia< An (n I* tifntirf. imrfn I) % m (rfpaeaej atO kief | arful aeiA erf I A M ft rf I . J) Pier Ar 400 ip tmMMtaM lea* erf Ml A (Sr i4k ) erf iraniry m erf Irarf lhL Aae I IJ1 A eej II A in. i Ini \ fij>rf pearl Dr raw Aeeknrte Thr Am keel Uiamnrrf la 4) Ikn Ac In frrefnrtxy -T (anln /eelere erf earfeet a<ft* arf * 'U. Iren A* liewrf eirmn) <4 fp Apr (6 rfb pH eautr) etefnre* aeit uea a*ei (rfei a m A tej (i pat *. tu* e wrfar and* Nera m An pair* ar Man Ape* ant Fine. il ara ariei acejdn erf-- /ten* Ar Hijpeal pmerfurt breeaer aell la t**h*f (He* An erf Si planted NiH/HUl|/*l Ar bra plelrM hrnhl a ill hr ehert- Aw. e> At lUMHiwa bat an Ar k* l(eifa} real** erf ike ian ail] la lii^u. Vurf Ar Ma uea rfA* *, ar *n -- I 111 144 rraaerf bf (hr MrffnrM tetrf arid* I her*Irene* e erf Ar Imunnr f: ' : SeAel-ee erf ewlti aright iirf mil rate arfl Niekei I plerrea he(kl a mea be f* Iatarea Auer erf Aaerf Mai Irei Itt */*k 1) The lreeetmita.ee leeM n WO ep*. (hra. (rf Ar pertiieeai Serf no a.frate) atU la - ke) lien. (lira At rfn* tee fi* 10, ar ien kerf ihr efetl erf ihr ihrp w penmere rillncet Te- UK (hei ietr, ar he*r b eincienmt Ar reiiei erf Ikeiirwi Irlatra (hr pleated hew Ta frrf fha aaw law fra **Wf Iraaiaeliilaa Int* l'4fc>a da pr>ac4wr e pep a k.-Mb*4 If A - F*|Uk If A tUftf tarA earf Ihr alu-le lemevnrrf pennuee fiarflaiMwi Vt 4 ArfMAam Mt'lTU* t -- II -- X 'j !>; *s! cv^'-rVA^'-' r &- &f' I? Anj %t tttO lb Wt to dm Muni dr ptatrau kn|(h vf dir InnaMM IramMMMaou t nm. it b |4 ihr fKiu of ptk^vli W c L<k *} f4 km nine d 16 db Tb*i outran n practice to talc tbr Lacget u4 tbr pla- dv t*o itutrnah <4 dir timuiue. Pr dor to dir turfait vn^ rMtur KM frrtjlbt (or tbr tw KMtiaf AM moduli in pur m Fi| - brrupbt about by UsMiMir^ tbr trad irnak Tbr actual perforuuote of nMrtvM IX IT mJdnt-ffrund UTl# * to (hr pljfrooj V) Tbr net Hint4 dir Imt mii- tbr laminate friU ilfrip be abgbtly benct thaa bit Tbut. * c m take, (mm tbr tablr ViA dmr no ftpm tv c m crtft lip lu. Al 4 ) on the ratio of mitfh wale and *7 (jvM Wtn dir % fonmrltf| dir ordmarr m - $ db TKrt a 4nm mi dir fdateau Imm on dir platrau kti/^t m dru- ft~ tm-- 4m X tfftrahf -JA tom <m X dtd uUpe Ud snimM Tim ia fy I, dir plateau mJdt cf 2.7 pita (or b plj%w4 Mark d* 12 Jb lr*H 2 7 octant atmt die turt of tbr plateau found at >79 cf*. Tbr ptairau mW end, dim, at about 2400 bnjchf <4 dir ir*m#m*urm Im nor dot tv dir Milnrtjt rifal of dir M Going kali to tbr tb4r o li^t I t bod that tbr ban murftil, br phr `f* 7) Abon tbr mj c4 tbr plateau draw tbr 10 db/cetan rite frkk - .5 Second. wt| lii II, %e wd. had a plateau hr*ght <4 IV do xua util hrpa to drop <41 to a 4 *IJ M dir c<*rt/thuf4 <4 to Adding It Ala (Hh pn m tbr orv do/'man" tar tornrubttr abon tbr dir ihdi m dir |^itM kr/tN Herr. mi mUah 10 dir ifwlrnm ratio red m w p I*, * irtll nerd dir denuty |4h c m bright 4 )2 db Tbr lie* tfurmy at dir hrpniunj[ i4 fbr plateau mil be about 1*0 <pa normal branny range, ) SM m tbr plateau cum m bHon raf* A* die matrfialt I nn (hr table in a, frt kin - 6) Tbr pftm (4 aowiult Jr tetmtnmjt tbr or* pUtrau %*Jtb n If *t compart bub tbd cum <F*g 12) and du cum fir unUnu* MMhMnyr jarladprrqO InM to4* mpM p* b* It | on[>ln aoJ nreJ far be <a#r*4 out A<1walir. ih* (null i4 U/n*A#|*g (* iruteftaii %mK dilfritng plalrau frnJiM til pfothitf a nrfr |4*irau Jfh natrJ ^ U. pipawl to tbr trammnmi Um criteria iur>n v4 r t . <m hr m Mvnr4i4trljr itvM iUmu (hr hl IrM fut mk (hr Kh K n keeaknc iMrfmrth*it hr- *irjrMt U<4 m>Wtr<i I lirtrrwijt li| II at a ikon) (ten tbr l u i^mI %*lur* Vm >) i(to n4. iixlnj, (lutr< ( (hr ' r4M *4 2q frr lu>J, fur (Uliirw tbr Htfll i<4 urull ikto^i 10 plaUtw itmr In iA,n duo la (hr f#i* pwmdrf o4 %, *i UHtfair in tjih it mu^mtaarJ mi tbr h4v