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IF.RRA TALC' A ('LAY COMPANY operates f tliree mills, two in Los Angeles and one in Keeler, Inyo County, California. Its products are hauled by truck from desert and mountain mines, located from nine to 110 miles from the Keeler Mill. Talcs from the east side ol Death Valley are brought into Los Angeles by rail. The company maintains its general offices and com plete laboratory at its mill in Los Angeles. It also has mills at 2149 Bay Street. Los Angeles, and its original mill at Keeler, California. Control laboratories are maintained at all three mills. CAREFULLY GRADED for all uses COSMETICS PAINTS PAPER MAKING TEXTILE FINISHING ELECTRICAL INSULATORS CERAMICS RICE POLISHING RUBBER ROOFING NAIL MACHINES INSECTICIDES SIERRA SNOW SIERRA C10UD SIERRA VAPOR SIERRA MIST SIERRA WHITE SIERRA SUPER SIERRA SUPREME SIE R R A M IC WHITE M O U N TA IN SIERRA SPECIAL TEXTILE SIERRA COSMETIC M O N A R K TALC TRINITY TALCS SIERRA FIBRENE TALCS SIERRA SILVER TALCS " IS " and " N S " SILVER TALCS CB CERAMIC TALC PANAM INT SIERRALITE PYROTALC . * SIERRA TALC & CLAY CGC ; G en eral Offices LOS ANGELES CALIFORNIA MILLS: KEELER, CALIF. - LOS ANGELES, CALIF. CAMC-Abeyta-002657 Aim BFCOMMEFDATIOFS SIERRA t a l i; a CLAY CUM P A W P. O. BOX 390 1608 HUNTINGTON DRIVE SOUTH PASADENA, CALIF.1* June 1, 195^ The selection of the proper talc for a specific use is an important function of the paint fornrulator. Talcs differ widely chemically am? physically. Properties of finished paihts can he altered or controlled hy the tyue and quantity of talc used. Talcs occur in four basic types as follows: Fibrous or foliated Tremolitic or acicular Platey or micaceous Granular . Only Sierra Talc & Clay Company produces all four of these types. Each, due*to its particular particle structure, contributes certain specific properties to paint. All talcs are magnesium silicates and, although Sierra talcs differ some what in their chemical analyses, it is the physical properties, such as particle shape and size, texture and color, which are important in their effect on paint. Particle size is affected by the natural crystal grain 6ize of the raw talc. It is controlled by the degree and type of milling in Sierra's four mills. Milling consists of two types: 1. Roller mill grinds with air separation to conventional 200 and. 325 mesh. Z . Micronization in high speed mills to ultra-fine and sub-sieve particle size. The first ten talcs lasted in the tables are standard roller mill grinds. Sierra's standard ground paint talcs are graded for every paint use where Eegman finenesses of 1-h are sufficient. They have the following outstanding properties: a. They are soft and non-abrasive. Tremolitic talcs are slightly abrasive. b, They are controlled to definite particle size. . c, They wet quickly and easily. d. They flow and brush easily and prevent "ropiness". e, They contribute to film strength. , f, They have proven exterior durability properties. g. They promote can stability - do not harden in the can. h. They are snow-white. Sierra's ultra-fine talcs- are sold under the registered trade name of "MISTROF". They are graded to Hegman finenesses of 5-7. Sierra Mistron talcs are opening new vistas in paint formulation. Their interesting and exclusive properties are as shown on page 2. The four basic types shown above have their counterpart in one or more Mistron talcs with the exception of the tremolitic type. f 05130853 Ih * mtorrr.at.on confainad hrin U an a ip ra u io n I pinion b a .rd n tuia iui U \U od lAvatt^ations, but it not warranty. It it rcom m #ndad that trial taiH b t co n d u ct'd batora a tinl dtcition it m ad n any particular product. j CAMC-Abeyta-002658 CRADES, TlFE S-^m om ilSS A N D '.* pi-18 -RBCOMffiNMTTOMS -^SIERRA PAINT TAiCS Page 2 of 6 pages .. " June 1, a. They can be stirred in - require MO further grinding. b. They are outstanding for film smoothness. c. They are non-settling and non-hardening in the can. d. They promote pigment dispersion. e. In certain formulae they promote hiding power and can reduce cost by permitting a reduction in hiding pigment content. f. They quickly reduce gloss, hence are excellent for flatting or control of gloss. g. They promote viscosity increases. h. They improve ease of brushing and tend to prevent "sag." i. They are controlled to definite top particle sizes. J. They are compatible with water emulsion resins. Descriptions of Sierra paint talcs by type follow. They are listed in the order of their fineness of grind from coarsest to finest. FIEROUS OR FOLIATED? Sierra's fibrous or foliated talcs differ from those produced i*1 other parts of the country. They are extremely soft in texture, snow-white, and consist of short, soft fibres, interspersed with platy particles. This combination of short fibres and platelets makes them the ideal type for adding strength to the paint film for promoting durability and for non-settling. 6^ Sierra grades: Suggested uses: Fibrene C-300 Fibrene M-300 Fibrene C-liOO Fibrene C-$00 Mistron 139 Mistron F-128 Mistron T-076 Mistron M3C House paints, industrial paints, government specification paints, flat enamels. Mistron MSC paint talc is distinctive in that it is stearate coated while being ground. It has sierior non-settling properties to any paint talc on the market. Its reduction in oil absorption permits it to be used in gloss enamels. For lacquer sealers and synthetic enamel finishes it.is unexcelled. Fibrene M-300 is produced only at our Grand Island, Nebraska, mill from Montana talcs. It is similar to the other Fibrene talcs except that it con tains a portion of granular particles for slightly higher consistency in points# TOEMOLITIC OR ACICULARt These talcs are similar to those produced in New York State and are altered from the mineral tremolite, a calcium magnesium silicate. They are characterized by their long, needle-like crystals and are considerably harder than the fibrous or foliated talcs. Sierra grades: NS SILVER IS SILVER Suggested uses: Floor and deck paints, traffic paints and for any other use where greater hardness of film and lower oil absorption is needed. 05130854 CAMC-Abeyta-002659 GRADES, TYPES,PROPERTIES AND RECOMMENDATIONS - SIERRA PAINT TALCS Page 3 of pages* June 1,JL9$k PLATT OR MICACEOUS: The platy^particle shape of these talcs imparts superior flow, brushability and smoothness of film because the particles tend to align themselves in the same plane. They are similar to the better water-washed micas in these respects. They are the best for the promotion of hiding power. They add "slip" to paints and printing inks. They are pure chemically, completely inert and extremely low in water solubles. Sierra grades: No. 7 Sagger Trinity Superfine Mistron HG0-7S Mistron HG0-5$ Suggested uses: Water emulsion paints, casein, latex, polyvinyl acetate, acrylic and also automotive lacquers, furniture finishes and enamellized house paints. GRANULAR: This type of talc is also commonly known as steatite. It is characterized by its dense, massive structure and uniformity of particle shape, which approaches the spherical. It is soft and sands readily without roughing or gumming. It promotes excellent adhesion. Sierra grades: Sierra White #111 Sierra Cloud Mistron HG-7S Suggested uses: Sanding sealers and surfacers. Nitro-cellulose and synthetic automotive and furniture finishes. realize that the paint manufacturer will wish to formulate with as few grades of talc as possible. Therefore, the recommendations listed for the four different types are not necessarily rigid. With proper selection and formulation two or three talcs should serve all the needs of the paint plant. PAINT PROPERTIES AFFECTED BY TALC SET-T^t ION The following paragraphs indicate how paint properties can be altered or controlled by selecting the proper talcs. G W S S (60) The MLstron talcs are particularly effective for quick reduction and control of gloss in semi-gloss, egg-shell and flat enamels. They can be stirred in to a gloss paint to obtain any degree of flatness desired. Selection of a particular MLstron talc for this purpose depends on the quantity limitations of the extender content and upon limitations as to viscosity. SHEEN Commonly called "angular sheen" and rated as 85 gloss, sheen can be enhanced by the selection of a Mistron talc or almost eliminated by using a coarser ground talc such as the Fibrenes and Silver talcs. Coarser particle size extenders promote a rougher film surface which diffuses light rather than reflecting it. -- ABSORPTION Oil absorption has a bearing on the viscosity, gloss and working Tho , PrPerties of a paint, but it has been exaggerated in its importance SL: g v 1 a?sorption of a talc is affected by its particle size and particle xu r?t'fn increases as tte fineness of the talc is increased. Granular t.aics yield the highest oil absorptions followed by platy, fibrous and tremolitic taxes in that order. CAMC-Abeyta-002660 GRADES, TYPES, PROPERTIES AND RECOMMENDATIONS - SIERRA PAINT TALCS PL-18 Page 1* of 6 pages June 1, 195U VISCOSITY Viscosity effects are indicated but not completely controlled by oil absorption. Generally speaking the platy and granular talcs yield the highest consistency in paint. Viscosity also increases as the fineness of the talc is increased. The MLstron talcs are handy tools for increasing viscosity and this again is often done by merely stirring in the Mistron, Mistron MSC yields the lowest viscosity of any of the Mistrons and thus is valuable where larger quantities of talc are desired in the formula without too great a consistency increase. FINENESS The fineness of a paint as determined on the Hegman gauge can be no greater than the micron size of the largest particle present in the paint pigments. Therefore, control of the top particle size of the talc is by far the most important single factor determining paint fineness. If the finer grinds of U to 7 are required, and coarser extenders are used, particle size reduction has to take place in the paint mill. The Mistron talcs overcome this difficulty by coming ready ior use WITHOUT further grinding to yield fineness as high as Hegman 7 Selection of the talc to give a desired fineness can be determined by consulting the tables. Fineness of grind is becoming more important with the increased use of high speed paint mills and dispersion mills, HIDING POWER The index of refraction of talc being about the same as the oils and _ resins commonly used, talc does not by itself have appreciable hiding power. However, their great ability to disperse the hiding pigments and keep them dispersed does result in a significant increase in dry hide when the Mistron talcs are used. In research work done in our laboratories on flat wall paints, it was found that hiding power increase is relative to the specific surface of the talc. The Mistron talcs, due to their very great surface area, result in a rapid increase of dry hide whereas little or no increase results when the coarser talcs are used. With the Mistron talcs it is possible to decrease the amount of hiding pigments and thus decrease costs. PENETRATION AND Talcs are superior to other extenders in preventing flooding or COLOR STABILITY floating of color pigments, particularly in the deep tones. Because they tend to retard penetration, the Mistron talcs are particularly effective in color uniformity over both sealed and unsealed surfaces. The platy talcs are superior in retarding penetration. CAN STABILITY Talc is one of the very best extenders for prevention and/or retarding of settling. The fibrous or foliated types are the most effective for non-settling. MLstron MSC is the best of all talcs in suspension properties. When settling does occur in paints formulated with Sierra talcs, the settled portion remains soft and can be readily redispersed. DURABILITY The Fibrene talcs, due to their combination of fibrous and platy particles, contribute greatly to exterior durability. The platy talcs contribute to film smoothness and result in less dirt accumulation, Mistron HGO-75 has been proven superior in promotion of durability in water emulsion exterior paints. In paints having to withstand severe salt spray tests, Fibrene C-UOO is outstanding. The same is true of marine paints. 05130856 CAMC-Abeyta-002661 GRADES, TYPES, 'JSOPERTIES AND FFTT--1188 ^RECOMMENDATIONS - SIERRA PABtT TAICS June 1 , -195U `TEST METHODS AND REFERENCES iiCID SOLUBLES are determined as followsi Boil 1 gm. of talc with 50 cc. of * l/lO N sulfuric acid and about $0 cc. of distilled water. Then titrate to a faint pink with l/lO N sodium hydroxide using a few drops of Phenolphthalein as indicator. The difference between the volume of acid and the required volume of sodium hydroxide multiplied by 0.28 equals the % of acid soluble substances calculated as CaO. SURFACE MEAN DIAMETER is determined in the Fisher Sub-sieve Particle Size Analyzer by the air permeability method of E. L. Gooden and C. M. Smith, Ind. Eng. Chem., Anal. Ed. 12 L79-82 (19h0). Specific surface values are expressed as square meters per gram. SPECIFIC SURFACE is calculated from surface mean diameter according to the follow ing t , where Sw specific surface in cmz/g. Sw 6 x 10^ dmP dm * surface mean diameter in microns p specific gravity of sample PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION; For complete particle size analyses in the full range of micron sizes, consult Sierra's Talc Portfolio. Methods The turbimetric method of Musgrave and Harner. See Sierra's Technical Report No. 21-T. OIL ABSORPTION is reported by both the Gardner-Coleman and the spatula rub-out methods. Spencer-Kellog's "SUPERIOR" linseed oil was used. Rub-out methods for oil absorption were run to the Azam end-point. See M. A, Azam "Oil Absorption of Pigments" Ind. Eng. Chem., Anal.Ed. Ih,5h5 (19U2) CONSISTENCY RATINGS are made on the Xrebs modification of the Stormer Viscosimeter using a U.0% suspension of talc in linseed oil at 25 C., agitated for 10 minutes and consitency measured by ASTM Method D $62-Ui. FLATTING AND HIDING POWER are determined ty results obtained in a gloss alkyd enamel. Efficiency of the various talcs should be relatively the same for other finishes. For complete results consult Sierra's Technical Report No. 22-T dated October 6, 1953 Talcs are rated in the order of their efficiency. No. 1 for instance gives the quickest and greatest reduction_pf gloss, No. 16, the least reduction, both determined at h0% pigment volume concentration. For reduction of angular sheen, measurements at 60^ P.V.C. were used because this FVC accentuated to the greatestdegree the true difference between the various talcs. Hiding power determinations were rated at 70% P.V.C., the point at hich dry hide differences could be best accentuated. ... For complete chemical analyses and physical properties, consult Sierra's Talc Portfolio and published Technical Reports. CAMC-Abeyta-002662 < CHEMICAL ARP PHT3ICAL PROPERTIES OP TYPICAL SAMPLES OF SURRA PAIff? TAICS kK 5 CHBOCiL FROFBITIES Combined Ca and Mg Silicates, t Clelos Oxide, CaO, f Acid Solubles as CaO, f loss on Ignition, t pH Tain* Specific Resistance, Oh Fibrene Fibrana C-300 H-300 87-89 8-11 8-11 13-Ui 9.U k,200 90-92 k-6 3-5 6-7 9.0 lk,560 Fibrene C-kOO 88-90 5-7 5-7 8-9 9.3 7,360 Fibrene C-500 90-92 k- 3-5 6-7 9.k 12,720 H.S. 1.3. Sllrer Sllrer 89-91 9-10 3-5 6-7 9.k 5,580 89-91 9-10 3-5 6-7 9.h 5,170 Sierra Trinity White Superfine fui 5k-56 1-3 1-3 9-10 9.1 12,200 91-92 .75-1.5 .90-1.2 5-6 9.3 15,160 85-89 6-10 6-10 10-U 9.3 3,170 Sierra Clorad 89-91 2-3 2-3 6-7 9.k k,900 i' / v s ^ ; : ` 1 'j Mistaron HLatroa MLatroa Mistaron 139 F-128 T-076 ISC m - K - w v . 90-92 k-6 3-5 6-7 9J 7,360 90-92 k-6 3-5 6-7 9Ji 7,360 90-92 k-6 3-5 6-7 9.b 7,360 90-92 k-6 3-5 6-7 9.b S,k7S 75-lea1 i ;i 90-1^2` .904*1 : :uM V,l i o fr;. w ' Mudana Particle Site in Microns 60 50 k6.0 k6.0 70 60 80 k6 60 k6 30 15 12 8 1 ` .V Surface N*An Da* in Microns 2.S-2.7 2-2.k 2.3--2.5 i.e-2.0 k.9-5.0 3.S-3.9 3.k-3.6 2-2.5 3.1-3.3 2.9-3.0 1--2-1.3 1-1.2 0.8-O.9 1-1.2 0.7-Ji? 0.5-0Ji Specific Sarface, Sq* Heter/Oraa 0.7-0.8 0.9-1.0 0.8-0.9 0.9-1.0 0.5-0.6 0.6-0.7 o.7-0.8 0.9-1.0 0.6-0.7 0.7-0.8 1.8-1.9 2.1-2.3 2.3-2.k 2.0-2.2 2.7-2.9 3.8-k.O feereen, % through 325 Mesh 98-98.5 99-99.2 99.3-99.6 99.6-99.8 9k-96 99-99.3 98-99 99.2-99.6 93-96 99.2-99.6 100 100 100 ICO 100 t finer than Equiyalent Spherical Diaaster in Microns - 20 Stub Bl.k 8S.k 96.5 55.5 70.9 77.0 7S.0 69.0 7k.9 96.7 100 100 100 i06 Vi loo 10 58.2 61.1 59.2 72.0 29.5 36.0 Sk.S 38.7 kk.0 k9.0 81.1 93.5 97.3 100 100 k 27.6 33.2 25.2 3k.O 12.5 ik.5 26.k lk.7 18.5 17.5 kk.8 52.b 59.7 75.1 81 66^ 1 7.0 6k 5.5 8.0 3.2 k.O 7.2 2.6 3.1 2.8 13.8 15.9 20.6 20.7 12,6 25.7 OTHBt PHTSICU, ntOPESTieS Specific OrATity Height per Solid Gallon 1 lb. Bulks/Gallons Apparent Density , Scott Volvaeter, lbs*/ft* Loalnoua Apparent Reflectance (Oreen Filter) qmucTBiisncs u oil O U Absorption Spatula Rub-Out lbs.AOO lbs. Milliliters per 20 Qraas (Oardner-Coleman Method) Consistency in Linseed O U lOf Suspension, KF flegaan Fineness in Oil Flatting Efficiency - 60 Gloss 85 Sheen Biding Power Sating 2.79 2.77 23.2k 23.07 .0k303 .Ok33S 23-2k 20-21 88 85 2.79 23.2k 0k303 22-23 88 2.79 23.2k .0k303 19-21 88 2.85 2.85 2.30 23.7k 23.7k 23.32 .Ok212 ,0k212 .Ok288 32-33 28-29 2k-25 83 85 76 2.76 22.99 0b350 23-2k 87 2.69 22.kl .0kk62 28-29 75 2.73 22.7k .0227 27-28 81 28-30 30-32 7-8 8-9 68-70 2-3 12 3 13 70-72 2-3 U b 12 30-32 28-30 7.5-8 7-8 70-75 2.S-3.5 9 6 9 71-73 3.5-k.S 8 8 8 26-28 28-30 32-3k 6-7 6.5-7.5 7-8 55-60 1-2 16 1 16 60-62 2-3 15 7 U 65-67 2-3 13 10 lk 32-3k 26-28 8-9 70-75 3.5-k.S 6 5 7 8-8.5 6b-66 1.5-2.S lk 2 IS 30-32 7-8 62-6k 2-3 10 9 10 2.79 23.2k .*303 lk-15 88 2.79 2.79 2.79 2.76 2.76 23.2k 23.2b 23.2k 22.95 22.99 .Ob303 .0b303 0U3O3 .0U350 0b350 12-13 11-12 10-11 10-U 8-9 88 88 81 85 85 `i1P!'.. 35-37 9-10 87-89 k-S 7 U 6 38-kO k2-kk 10-10.5 10-U 89-92 5-6 k 12 5 9U-97 6-7 5 13 k 33-35 8-9 66-69 6-7 2 16 3 50-52 55-60 13-lk 15-16 116-U9 130-150 6-7 6-7 3 ,1 lk is * 2 1 Is f &S9 QCTSO '.cl A -j CAMC-Abeyta-002663