Document zoRxKr84nb7aYZEY2w57084NR

o Industrial Slitelatule Gbstiacts MEDICAL ENGINEERING LEGAL -- decisions and trends (hidustlial Health Tlews VOLUMES 1-2 1027-- 1959 PLAINTIFF'S EXHIBIT iuuad Monthly By INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE FOUNDATION 4400 FIFTH AVENUE PITTSBURGH (13). PA. -L-. '^jerences to Recent Literature - 4 ,, pj^UMOCONIOSES OF THE WORKER. K. Wider. Ztschr. f. Gewerbehyg. u. Unfiall, 44, 131-5 (1937). Silicosis beoame compensable in Austria on April 1, 1935. Since then, 206 cases have been reported in the Workmen's Compensation Offioej of thee, 171 are miners, some from lignite mines. In the metal industry, most c'ases are among sandstone grinders and sandblasters. jo PULMONARY ASBESTOSIS. IV. THE ASBESTOS BODY AND SIMILAR OBJECTS IN TEE LUNG. " Kenneth M. Lynch, M.D., Dept. <f Pathology, Medical College of the State of South Carolina, Charleston, S. Carolina. J.A.M.A. 109, 674-8 (Deo. 11, 1937). Re prints probably obtainable from author. The typicaj. asbestos body (also called asbestosis body) is an object 10 to over ICO microns^aSd 1 to 12 microns thick and is composed of a central translucent fiber or needle crystal of asbestos with an enveloping shiny golden or brownish . gelantinous substance constructing various architectural figures. Sometimes it is beaded or clubbed and sometimes spherical. A Prussian blue reaction for iron is given. These bodies may be found at various places in the lung, especially in the bronchioles, the alveoli and in the tissues along the lymphatic route; usual ly shorter at a distance from the alveoli, but often surprisingly long, consider r- i* r ing the distance they have traveled. They sometimes cause fibrosis around them, but not necessarily. They are also found in the sputum of those exposed to as &.. bestos dust, but their presence or absence in the sputum does not indicate the Sresence or absence of asbestosis; their presence only shows that exposure to the -fS. ust has occurred. Similar bodies have been found in persons exposed to ooal dust, and in others who have died of heart failure, rheumatism and arteriosclero sis, without known heavy dust exposure. Exposure to asbestos dust does not al ways produce asbestos bodies; bare fibers have been found in the lungs of animals. M* The author has seen silica particles similarly enveloped, in cases of silicosis, net always so highly colored. It is suggested that other fibrous or rystalline dusts not yet studied may form similar bodice. it- TV r'fS: - 'h 13 3L00D EXAMINATIONS IN PULMONARY FIBROSIS OF HEMATITE IRON ORE MINERS. J. Craw. Tubercle, 19, 8-18 (October 1937). In radiographic examinations of hematite miners in West Cumberland (England), the hematite accumulations show a definite and dense shadow, apart from any accompany ing fibrosis, and there is a tendency to diagnose silicosis when a miner complains of unfitness and his pulmonary symptoms 8nd the x-ray of the test show generalized nodulation. The silica content of inhaled dust, however, is low, and in spite of 20 to 30 years' work and general nodulation in all lung fields, the miners are perfectly fit for work and arc not short of breath. For these reasons hematolog ical work was instituted as an essential in diagnosis.. Routine procedure includ ed the following determinationss (l) sedimentation rate of the red cells; (2) total white cell count; (3) differential white cell count, and (4) the polymor phonuclear^ count of von Bor.sdorff. The findings in 6 cases are given, with oase histories. t Of the 50 hematite miners studied, 20 normal minors had no complaint cf breathlessness and no x-ray or physical signs of pulmonary fibroBis, whilr; 30 ccmplainod of pulmonary disability in varying degrees, with positive x-ray find ings. Many miners develop a pure pulmonary siderosis without accompanying fibro sis, and their blood pioturo is normal. Sidero-oilioosi6 of uncomplicated type Ehows a definite increase in percentage of lymphocytes, and the ratio of poly morphonuclear cells to lymphocytes becomes 1 or less. The sedimentation rate and nuclear count are normal. When infection is present, the sedimentation rate in creases, the nuclear count increases and thore is a leucocytosis which may ap proach a septic count. Although the results are preliminary, the method is recom mando d for aiding the differential diagnosis of 6iderosis without fibrosis and of sidoro-silicosi6, and for detecting tuberculosis or other infeotive agents at an early stage. IJUI * imjvwwjuwv'-v rencos to Recent Literature - 6 the APPLICATION OF DUST-CONTROL PRINCIPLES TO FOUNDRY OPERATIONS. R. R. Meigs. Second N. E. Regional Foundry Conf., Mass. Inst. Tech., April 8, 1938. The paper presents a discussion of the principal sources of dust in each of the several operations of a foundry and outlines practical applications of control in each case. The subject is considered under 5 main headings: (1) molding, (2) coreraaking, (3) shake-out, (4) sand conditioning and (5) castings cleaning. Many practical suggestions are made in regard to care, maintenance and methods of operation that will tend to improve existing conditions. The author has avoided consideration of the dust concentrations that may be encountered and the pathological effects of the dusts. A discussion by Manfred Bowditch and an addi tional paper by W. F. Terry combine to make the study an excellent and compre hensive treatment of the elements of dust control in foundries. RECENT DUST EXHAUST APPARATUS. F. Prockat. Staub 6_, 249-87 (1937). (German). First is a description, with examples and illustrations of the most important points of exhaust apparatus and the various kinds of dust removal: gravity sys tems, removal by utilizing the mass inertia, by centrifugal force, by filters, etc. The author then describes exhaust hoods, partly in agreement with those expressed in Drinker and Hatch's book, partly also on the basis of some of his own investigations of piping installations, VrORK OF THE DUST CONTROL OFFICE IN COOPERATION WITH GERMAN INDUSTRIAL COMPANIES. A. Lasmmert. Staub 1_, 365-71 (1937). German insurance carriers, because of silicosis compensation have become more interested in dust control. To furnish lacking data and knowledge of the physics and technic of dusts a central office was set up to do what could not be done individually. The central office set up a laboratory, began consulting individ ual inspectors and industries and investigating all problems bearing on dust control. Most of the interested companies joined. ASBESTOS. S. R. Gloyne and E. R. A. Merewether. Occupation and Health, Supple ment, 15 pp. International Labor Office, Geneva (1938). Information obtainable from International Labor Office, 734 Jackson Place, Washington, D. C. This is one of several brochures recently issued as a supplement to the 2-volume Encyclopedia on Occupation and Health. It is a treatise on asbestos, including physical properties, chemical composition, uses, extraction, manufacturing pro cess, and especially risks to health. The discussion of asbestosis includes its essential features, diagnosis, pathological features, distinction from tubercu losis, preventive measures and compensation. The references to difficulties in diagnosis and to formation of asbestosis bodies, illustrated by 41 drawings, are of special interest. The mo3t important single clinical sign of asbestosis is that of diffuse bilateral impairment of the percussion note, slight In degree and associated with a slight sense of resistance. The other important feature is the radiographic examination of the chest. The distinguishing features be tween asbestosis and silicosis in x-ray pictures are listed. It is emphasized that neither method elone is conclusive, but that asbestosis can be diagnosed with certainty with the aid of both, even if symptoms and disablement are ab sent. In difficult cases where extensive tuberculosis is present, careful in vestigation of the subjects' exposure to asbestos dust will enable the correct decision to be reached. The preventive measures are based largely on the prin ciples of the British Code of Regulations. The views expressed are authoritative and very instructive. PREVENTION OF ASBESTOSIS IN INDUSTRY. F. Prockat. Staub. 5, 133-62 (1937). The paper includes a description of asbestos, and of its various foims, its uses and methods of preparation for industrial purposes. It is shown by many illus trations how dust can be decreased in certain processes by installation of ex haust systems and practical planning.