Document zoNvKv2O8dLrb9BG0YjQwa9pR

PLAINTIFF'S EXHIBIT 22762 Fdml Regiater / Vol 51. No. 109- f Friday. June 2ft 1966 / Ruloa sad Rcgolationg (4) Training records:. The employer shall mainlain all employee training _ records for one 1 year beyond the teal date of employment by that employer. (s) Availability. (I) The employer, upon written request, ahall make all records required to be maintained by this section available to the-Aasiatant Secretary and the Director for examination and copying. fii) The employer, upon request, shall make any exposure records required by paragraphs ((] and (n) of this section available for examination and copying to affected employees, former employees, designated representatives, and the Assistant Secretary, in accordance with 29 CFR lS10-20(aHe) and (gHil* (iii) The employer, upon request, shall make employee medical records required by paragraphs (m) and (n) of this section available for examination and copying to the sublet employee. anyone having the specific written consent of the subject employee, and the Assistant Secretary, in accordance with. 29 CFR 1910.20. (6| Transfer ofrecords. (OThe. employer shall comply with the ' _ requirements concerning transfer of records set forth in 29 CFR 191020 (h). (ii) Whenever the employer ceases to do business and there is no successor employer to receive and retain tbe records for the prescribed period, the employer shell notify the Director at least 90 days prior to disposal and. upon request, transmit them to the Director. (oJ Dates--{1) SffecUve date. This section shell become effective (insert date 30days from publication in the Federal Register], The requirements of the asbestos standard issued in June 1972 (37 FR11318), as amended, and published in 29 CFR 1910.1001 (1985j remain in effect until compliance is achieved with the parallel provisions of this standard. ' (2)'Start-up dates, (i) The requirements of paragraphs (c) through (n) of this section, including the engineering controls specified in paragraph (g](lj of this section, shall be complied with by (insert dale ZlO days from publication in the Fsderal Register]. (p) Appendices. (1] Appendices A. C, . and E to this section are incorporated as part at this section and the contents of these appendices are mandatory. (2) Appendices B. F. G. H. and 1 to this suction are mfannauoiui and are not intended to create any additional obligations not otherwise imposed dr to detract from any existing obligations. App--dlx A Is 5SSSS.SS--OSHA Xofartaca Method--Mandatory This mandatory appendix specifies the procedure for analymf sirsamples for trcmolUe. snthnphyiliu. and setiootita sod tpeofite quality control procedures that must be imptanented by laboratories performing rhranalysU. The ' umplrng and analytical methods described below represent the elements of the available monitoring methods (such at the NIOSK 7400 method) which OSHA considers to bo essential to achieve adequate employee exposure monitoring while allowing employer* to use methods that ere already established within Ihtir organizations. All employers who ore required to conduct air monitoring under paragraph ({] at the standard ara required to utilise analytical laboratories that use this procedure, or an equivalent method, far collecting and analyzing samples. Sampling andAnaiyticalProcedure 1. The sampling medium forotr samples- ' ihsli be mixed cellulose eats' fills membranes. These sbsll.be designated by the manufacturer u suitable far asbestos, tremolite, anthophyllito, and sctinolits counting. Sea below for{ejection of blank*. 2. The preferred collection device shall be the 2S-mm diameter cassette with an open- faced 50-ram extension cowl. The 37-mm. .cassette may be used ifnecessary but only if written justification for the need to ose the -37-mm filts cassette accompanies the sample results in the employee's exposure monitoring record. 3. An air fiat* rate between 05 liter/min end 23 lUers/tnin shall be selected for the 25/mm cassette. If the 37-mm cassette is used, eo atr flow rate between 1 liter/min and 23 lilera/min shall be selected: 4. Where possible, s sufficient air volume for each air sample shall be collected to yield between 1(0 and 1JOC fiber* per square millimeter on the membrane filter. If a fills darkens in appearance or if loose dust is seen on the filter, a second sample shall be started. 5. Ship the samples in a rigid contains with sufficient packing material to prevent dislodging the collected fibers. Racking . material that has s high electrostatic charge on its surface (e.g.' expanded polystyrene) cannot be ued because such material can cause loss of fiber* to the aids of the cassette. 8. Calibrate each personal sampling pump before and after use with t representative filler cassette installed between the pump and the calibration devices. 7. Personal samples shall he taken in the '`breathing zone' of the employee (i-e attached to or near the collar or lapel near the works's face). 8. Fiber counts shall be made by positive phase contrast using a microscope with sn S la 10 X eyepiece and a 40 to 45 X abjective for a total magnification of approximately 400 V onrf e ttiuwawesI .< --t ft la *re The microscope shall also be fitted with a green or blue fills. 9. The microscope shall be fitted with a Wallan-Beckett eyepiece graticule calibrated fora field diameter of too micrometers (+/ -Z micrometers). 10. The phase-shift detection lmrit of the microscope shall be about 3 degree* , measured using the HSE phase shift test slide ts outlined below. a. Place the teat slide on the microscope stage and center it under the phase objective. b. Bring the blocks of grooved lines into focus. ` No**.--The slide consists of *evtra set* of grooved Una* fca. 39 groove* to each block) in descending reds of viribiUty from set* 1 to 7. seven being the least visible. The requirements.for asbestos, tremolite. anihophylUte. and sctinoUte counting are that the microscope optics must resolve the groooved line* in set 3 completely, although they mty appear somewhat faint, and that the grooved lines in sets 8 and 7 most be invisible. Sets 4 and S must be at least partially visible but may vary slightly in visibility between microtrope*. A microscope that fails to meet these requirements has either too law or too high a resolution to ba used for asbestos, tremolite. snrhophyUita, and actinafit* counting. C..IT tht image deteriorates, dean and' adjust the micro*cop* optics, if the problem persists, cosuit the microscop* manufacturer. 11. Each set of samples taken will include 10 percent blanks or s mmimnm of 2 blanks The blank result* shall be averaged and subtracted from the analytical results before reporting. Any semptea represented by s blank having a fiber count b* excess at 1 fibers/100 fields shall be rejected. 12. The sample* shall be mounted by the acetane/triacettn method cr s method with an equivalent index at refraction and similar darity. 13. Observe lb* following counting rules. a. Count only fibers equal to or longer than 5 micrometer*. Measure the length of curved fibers along the curve. b. Count.sU partide* a* asbestos, tremolite. snthophyllile. snd actinolite that have a iength-to-width ratio (aspect ratio) of 3:1 or greeter. c. Fibers lying entirely within the boundary of the Waltaa-Bsckett graticule field shall receive a count of 1. Fibers crossing the boundary ones, having on* end within tbe circle, shall receive the count at one half (til Do not count any fiber that crosses the graticule boundary mare than once. Reject snd do not count any other fibers even though they msy be visible outside the graticule arc*. d. Count bundles of fibers as one fiber unless individual fiber* can be identified by ubserving both ends of an individual fiber. e. Count enough graticule fields to yield 100 fibers. Count a minimum of 20 fiddi; stop counting at 100 fielda regardless of fiber count. 14. Blind recounts shall be conducted at tbe rate of 10 percent. Quality Control Procedures * * w * * wowswuuswtwa/ |riWy l. ss.hh.> ssitswfstssis/ and/or each company with more then one micrascopisl counting (tides shall establish a statistically designed quality assurance program involving blind recounts and BIRD 011891 Fadxat Rngtotar / VoL fix. No. 09 / Friday. June 20. I9aa / Rules and! RegulatibM 23763 blv*ea.tnsero*copi*U: to monitor ike variability ocounting by;eacii microeenpitt and between miaotcapiiu. In * company with nun thanone Ufiontotj; the program shall induce alllaboratories, and shall alto avafuate (tic laboratary-tolaboratory variability. 2 lalarfabnaatoiy program.Each feboraiory analyzing aabuto*. trtntnKir. amhophylbte. andaciiooUla tampiaa frit rnrnphanra detcraunalina shall IrapUovenr an-. interlaboratary quality assurance program that aa a minimum.include* participation at at least two other independent laboratories. Each laboratory ihall participate in round robin tearingat lent once every (tmoothr tvtth at leaat all the other laboratories in He interlaheratoty quality asaiiranct group. Each laboratory shall aubrnit aEdea typical of iU awn workload tor uao in tbia program. The round tohia ihail be designed and result* analyzed uaing appropnite rtatirbeal methodology. 3. All individuals performing asbestos, tremolite. amfiophytUte-. and-actmaJite analysts must has* taken the NtOSH course ' for sampling end eveluatiog airborneaabeatoa. tremolite. anthophyllite. and actinalita dust or an equivalent coarse. 4. When the um afdilbnat asenssaopta contributaa tedtfhrmceafcatwaaa eoaataa and laboratories, the effaceoi rimdifferent microacope shallbeaveluxtad and the microscopethail henpfacmt annacaaaarjs 5. Current results.of these qpahtv assurance. programa shall be posted in each laboratory to keep the aticmacapiata Informed. Appendix B to 5 M2&SS--Detailed Proendne* for Aabeatoa Tlwollu. AjathophyiUta, end ActisoQte Sampling andAnalysis --MotMandatory This appentfic eontaini a detailed procedora for sampling and anelyata and includes thaec critical elements apaciRcdfar Appendix A Eaployers-ars not required'to use this procedure, hot they are required to useAppendix A The pwpoaa of Appendix B ie to provide datailed step-b*-tap sampling and analysis procedure, that aaatamHa the elements specified laAppendix. A Since this procedure may alto, standardise the analysis and reduce variability.. OSHA eacouragea employer* In in this appendix. Asbestos, Tremnlila.AtnhapbylUtm and Actinolita Sampling and Analyst* Method Technique: Microscopy, Pbeae Contrast. Analyte: Plbete.(Meauel count]. Sample Frapaeafiea:Acetone^ triacctin CalibmtietE Pkase-akiit detection limit about 3 degree*. Bangs: 1Q3 to lUOSbura/tun1 filter are*. Eatlmatad limit ef Detection: 7 fiben/mm* filter area. Samplen Rite* (0A-L2 umauxadecllulnaa eater membrane. ZS-nun diameter). flaw fcaerMlftnia toXX1/min (2S-tma caaaeac): XO-l/mJnto 5 1/mia (SZ-maa caaaeMe). Mgpig-Vsa--irywijait a.giisig*n us lMttGhwWsnra1Shipaiant- Btwins. Sample Stability: Indefinite. Blanks: ririt ofsamples (minimum Z). Standard Analytical Error Q.ZS. Applicability: Thatwodungtange jadiM if cc (1(120-1. air aamplel to1.Z5t/cc (40O-t air sample). Themnlbodgtvn*artindex of aicberxe aahualoa. txeaaolha. amhophyilil*. Mid actinalita fibasa but maqr be used Goa othermaterial* aiachaa Chrnua glaaa by insetting auiubla parameters iota tha counting rules. The method does not differentiata between asbeutou.tctmolia*. enthophylUte. aad aetioolite and other fiber*. Aabeatoa. tremolite. anthophyllile. and actinalile fibers lea*than canOXj um diameter will not be detected by this method. Intorfetencea: Anyother airborne Cher may interfere tine* all particles steeling the countingcriteria ara counted Chain-like pertides may appear fibrour. High levels-of nonfibroaa dnal parades'may obscure fibers in the field ofvtem- andraise the-detection limit. Reagent* 1. Acetone. 2. Triacetin (glycerol tdacatateh reagent, grade. * Special Pwcavlinns Z. Fastest tbeaampler to Uutwariur'* tap- j ua cloaa aa-pasaihla to thn worker's mouth. Remove the top cover from the end of the cowtaxtentiaa (open taco)-and, orient-Ciice. dawn.Wrap thniaint between, the axrsnde^ and the. manitor'a body with shrink tape taf|l prevent air leaks. X Submit at lleatt two hianks (hr 10X of the total samples,whichever It greater);for each-- serofsamples. Remove the ceps from the fieid blank cassettes' and store the eups ant a cassette*uvacTean ere* (bag orboxfduring the sampnog panatLRepUca th*caps in tha cassette* whansaaipling is oatpiececk. 4. S*asple aiftS L/ain or greater. Do not j axetad Instotal dust loading on the filter. ~ j Adjust sampling Haw rau.Q (f-/mmj,.and time to praduot x fiber tfensily. E (fibers/ mm*), of IflQ la 1300 Gbaea/m* (3AS X IQ* tc j 5X101 Shan per ZS^mm.filler with effective < coUicdaa area far optimurr. 1 counting precision (lee step 21 below). Calculate the minimum sampling time. ---------(min) at the action level (one-half o thecurrent standard). LftfccJ-of the-fibroui aerosol being-vampted: Axatone?is an axirmaalgt gummahtoBaptid _ and precautaona-muat-bn taken not tospike-i Heating of acetoon bum bedone in-a ventilated laboratory.fume hand using a ,, flarneleas. spark-frea heat source. tAcE) CQBUW* ` Equipment 1. Collectiondetdca:2S-mm caneamudth 60-msn ttotiiss*e row! walla cellulose most filler, QAto Jt anpore-aim and backuppad. Mato. Analyserepresentative-filters,foe fiber background bribe* um and discard' the filterlot if oaorethant&fibanflflOifUlds ara found. 2. Perasnal sampling pump. grantor than orequaltotU L/mia, widt fiexfida connecting Inking. X Microscope; phase contrast vrithgecesr or blue fBlar. 8 to 3CXeyepiece. and-to to4SX phase objective (total magnification cardOOXk numerical spertura--Q5-to 0.73. 4. Slides, glass, single-frosted, pre-cleanrri. 2SX75 mm. . 5. Cover alipa. Z5 X2S mm. ao.HA. unieM otherwise ipedfied by microscope manufacturer. A Knife. *2 aurgica| steel, curved blade. 7. Tweezers. 8. Flask. Guth-type, insulated neck. 2S0 to 500 mL (with single-boled rubber stopper and elbow-jdnttd glass tubing, io to ZZ cm long). 0. Hotplate, spark-bee, stirring type: heating mantle; or infrared lamp and magnetic stirrer. 10. Syringe, hypodermic. with22-tnuga needle. 11. Graticule. Wsltoa-Becketuype with 100 urn diametercircular field .at the specimen plane (eree-<UX77SS tnmT. (type C-22). Note.--Tha fraricnie {* custom-made lor each microscope. 12. HSE/NH. phase contrast test slfde. Mark IL 13. Tataarapa. ocular phase-ring cantering H.Sraga-Bicrcsiaaaatn ftt mm.-dtau.ona). Sampling 1. Calihtaia aarh patsaaal aasipUng pump with a representative sampler in line. 5. Remove tfvr firidm--itof at the endaf . sampling.lepwcxthapiaslicmpcoueranrismall and s-spr.nsii atomtha monitoe. ia A Ship Ihaaumplamiuaaiqid Casitainee ^ with auifictatit packing saalatialtopravau* j jostling or dimiqe. NOTEcDa not uaa . polystyrene foam In tha shipping coalainer because of electrostatic forces which may cause fiber lose from the sampler filter. ' j Sample Preparation ` - Note.--'The object is to produce samples with a smooth fnen-grainy) background in. medium with a refractive index equal to or leas than l.-to. The method below collapses tha filterfor easier fbcusiag and produces permanent mounts which are useful for quality control and interiaboratory comparison. Other amuaUng techniques meeting the above criteria,may also be. use-- e.g,, the ncapetmaneni fieidmoumiag technique used to P k CAM 239. 7. Ensure that thn glass slides and cover slips are first ofdual aad fibers. A Place 40 to 60 ml at acetone into a Guth- type flask. Stopper tha flask with a single- hole rubber stopper through which a glass rs tube extend* 5 log cm into the flask. The | portioh of tha gtata ink* that exits the top-tj the stopper (S to.10 aapinbenl dawnwealia an elbow that make* suxangie of atfce* 30. degree* with lb* bndaaataC. A Gkcatha flask la a timing hoipiata at wrap in a heating mantle. Heat tha acetone gradnallytn it* bailing tam(jstniiuna (/cau5g'C fjnllrm--r>i v*pOr must ke ........................Jt.. wro.Ur.1 I j|hilW4 Ml rn T4IILIIUn.14 U--J MWU UW from all open flames and spark sources. Alternate beating mrftnda can be used, providing no open flaaie or sparks ara present. i 7-10 n BIRD 011892 { 22764 Federal Register / VoL 51, No. 119 / Friday, June. 20, =-4888 and Regulations -n \<j' ! si k i ) 10. Mount either the whale sample filter or * wedge cut from the eeople filter on clean glue elide. a. Cut wedge* ofc*. 2S percent of the filter area with a curved-blede atecl eurgical knife uelng rocking motion to prevent tearing. b. Piece the (liter or wedge, dust elide up, on the slide. Static electricity will usually keep ihe filter on the slide until it is cleared. e. Hold Ihe glass slide supporting the litter approximstcly 1 to 2 cm from the glass tube port where the acetone vapor ie escaping from ihe heated Basic. The acetone vapor stream should cause condensation spot an the glass slids ca. 2 to 3 eta in diameter. Move the glata elide gently in the vapor stream. The fitter should clear in 2 to 3 sec. if the filter curb, distorts, or is otherwise rendered unusable. Ihe vapor stream is probably not .strong enough. Periodically wipe the outlet port with tissue to prevent liquid acetone dripping onto the litter. d. Using the hypodermic syringe with a 22gauge needle, place* 1 to 2 drops of triacetin on the filter. Centiy tower a clean 25-mm square cover slip down oato the fitter at a , slight angle to reduce the possibility of forming bubbles. If too many bubbles farraor the amount of triacetin In (insufficient, the cover slip may become detached within a few hours. c. Clue the edges of the cover slip to the glass slide using a lacquer or nail polish. Not*.--If clearing is slaw, the slide preparation may be heated on a hotplate (surface temperature 50*C) for IS min to hasten clearing. Counting may proceed immediately after dealing and mounting are completed. Calibre lion and Quality Control It. Calibration of the Walton-Beckett graticule. The diameter, d, (mm), of the circular counting area and the disc diameter must be specified when ordering Ihe graticule. s. Insert any available graticule into the eyepiece and focus so that the graticule lines are sharp and clear. b. Set Ihe appropriate interpupillary distance and. if applicable, reset the binocular head adjustment so that the magnification remains constant. c. Install the SO to 45 X phase objective. d. Place a stage micrometer on the microscope object stage aod focus the microscope on the graduated lines. e. Measure ihe magnified grid length. L. (um|. using the stage micrometer. f. Remove the graticule from Ihe microscope end measure its actual gnd length. L, (mm). This can best be accomplished by using s stage fitted with verniers. g. Calculate the circle diameter, d, (mm), for the Walton-Beckett graticule: L.xD d. U . Example: If uni. U* tB3 aun and , ' DwlQOum. lhen-d,a>271 mm.. . h. Check the field diameter, Dfacccptablc range 100 mm3:2 mm) with a stage micrometer upon receipt of the graticule from the manufacturer. Determine field area (nun1). 12 Microscope adjustments. Follow the manufacturer's instructions and also the [allowing: a. Adjust ihe light source for even illumination across the field of view at.thc Discard the sample if the difference between the two counts exceeds 277(F)s^ where * F^average of the two fiber counts and Sf* relative standard deviation, which should be derived by each laboratory baaed on historical in-houae data. Note!--Ifa pair of counts is rejected as r result of this test recount the remaining samples in the set and lest the new counts against Ihe first counts. Discard ell rejected. condenser iris. , paired counts. Nats.--Kohler illumination is preferred, , where available. b. Focus on Ihe particulate material to be examined. c. Make sure that the field iris Is in focus, centered on thetample. and open only enough to fully illuminate the field of view. d. Use the telescope ocular supplied by. the manufacturer to ensure that the phase rings (annular diaphragm and phase-shifting elements) are concentric. m Enroll each new counter in a training course that compares performance of counters on a variety of samples using this procedure. . Note.--To ensure good reproducibility, ell laboratories engaged in asbestos, tremolile. anthophyiliie, end actinolite counting are required to participate in (he Proficiency Analytical Testing (PAT) Program and should routinely participate with other asbeatas. 13. Check Ihe phaae-ehlft detection limit of the microscope periodically.. - * a. Remove the HSE/NPL phaae-contrast tremolile. enthaphyllite, and actinolite fiber counting laboratories in the exchange of field samples to compare performance ofcounters. test slide from its shipping container and center it under the phase objective. b. Bring the blocks ofgrooved lines into focus. Measurement 17. Place the slide on Ihe mechanical stage of the calibrated microscope with the center of the filter under (he objective lens. Focus Not*.--The slide consist* of seven sett of the microscope on Ihe plane of the filter. groovee (ca. 20 grooves to each block) in ' descending order of visibility from sets 1 It) 7. `The requirements for counting are that the microscope optics must resolve the grooved lines in set 3 completely, although they may appear somewhat faint and that Ihe grooved lines in seta 6 to 7 must be invisible. Sets 4 and S must be at least partially visible but may vary slightly in visibility between microscapes. A microscope which fails lo meet these requirements has either too low or . 19. Regularly check phase-ring alignment * and Kohler illumination. 18. The following are the counting rules: a. Count only fibers longer than S urn.' Measure the length of curved fiber* along the curve. b. Count only fibers with a length-lo-width ratio equal to or greater than 3:11 c. Far fiber* that cross the boundary of the graticule field, do the following: too high a resolution la be used far asbestos, 2 Count any fiber longer than S um that tremolile. anlhaphyllite. and actinolite lies entirely within the graticule area counting. 2 Count as Vi fiber any fiber with only one c. If Ihe image quality deteriorates, dean the microscope optics and. if the problem persists, consult the microscope manufacturer. 14. Quality control of fiber counts. a. Prepare and count field blanks along with the field samples. Report the counts an each blank. Calculate the mean of the field blank counts and subtract this value from each sample count before reporting the results. end lying within the graticule area 3. Do not count any fiber that crosses the graticule boundary more than once. 4. Reject and do not count all other libera d. Count bundles o( fibers as one fiber unless individual fibers can be identified by observing both ends ofa fiber. e. Count enough graticule fields to yield loo fibers. Count a minimum of 20 fielda Slop at ' 100 fields regardless offiber count. 20. Start cotinting from one end of the filter and progress along a radial line' to the other Note 1.--The identity of the blank filters should be unknown to the counter until all counts have been completed. end. shift either up or down on thv filter, and continue in the reverse direction. Select fields randomly by looking away from the eyepiece Note 2--If a field blank yields fiber counts brielly while advancing the mechanical stage. greater than 7 fibere/100 fields, report When an agglomerate covers ca V< or morn possible contamination of the samples. of (he field of view, reject the field and select b. Perform bliad recounts hy the same counter on 10 percent of filters counted (slides relabeled by a person other than the counter). another. Do not report rejected fielda in the number of total fields counted. Nate.--When counting a field, continuously scan a range of focal planes by moving (he 15. Use the following test to determine wktl.w. - --2- -t -- .. .< ----- ------------ <s (ruts Wt wrums Ull UiC CdSiQ Jisifcl should be rejected because of passible bias. This statistic estimates the counting repealHbility at the 95% confidence level. 1 fine focus knob to detect very fine fibers vthlch bate uccwuc cnibaduag inthoilitcr. The small-diameter fibers will be very faint but are an important contribution to the lota] count. 3 BIRD 011893 Federal Register / YoL SI, No. 119 / Friday, June 20, 1986 / Rules and Regulations 22765 Calculation* 21. Ctlculit* and report fiber demity on. the filter. E (fibres/nun1); hy dividing the total fiber counUF; minu* the mean field bianlt count B, by the number orfields, n; and the fieldart*. A, (OOOTtSaun1 far a properly calibrated Walton-Becfcett graticule); E m -------- HberWmm* (nKM 22. Calculate the concentration. C (f/ccb of fiber* in the air volume sampled. V (L), using the tlfectlve collection area of the filter. A, - (105 mm1 for a 25-oun filter); ,, ' (EKAc) Vtio*) Nate.--PeriodicaBycbeclt and adjust the value ofA* ifnecessary. Appendix C to 518205a--Qualitative and Quantilativa fit Testing Procedure*-- Mandatory Qualitative Fit Test PtoUcals L Uoamyl Acetate Protocol A. Odor thre*hold screening. 1. Three l-liler (lax* jar* with metal lids (e.g. Mason or Bell jar*) are required. 2. Qdor-fre* water (e.g.distilled or spring water) at approximately 25 *C shall be used for the solutions. 3. The Isoamyl acetate (IAA) (also known sa iaopentyi sedate) stock iolution is prepared by adding 1 cc of pure IAA to 800 cc of odor tree water in a 1-liter jar and ahaking for 30 seconds. This solution shall be prepared new at least weekly. 4. The screening test shall be conducted in a room separate hour the room used for actual fit teating. The two rooms ahull be well ventilated but shall not be connected to the same recirculating ventilation system. 5. The odor lest solution is prepared in a second jer by placing 0.4 cc of the ttock solution into 500 cc of odor free water using t dean dropper or pipette. Shake foe 30 seconds and allow to stand for two' la threa minutes atsdval the IAA concentration above the liquid may reach equilibrium. This "'Solution may be used lor only one day. 8. Alast blank is prepared in a third jar by adding SOOccof odor (ret water. 7. The odorirst sad ten .blank jars shall ba labelled t and 2 for jar identification. If the labels are pul on the Lids they can be periodically p*eltd.dri*d-off and switched tn maintain th* integrity ofthe teat A The fallowing instrueliens shall be typed C - WVV **^***^ ** tba tahja U ^wsnl rtf the (wo test jars (i.e. 1 and 2)c.**Tbe purpose of this testlsJo determine if you can smell banana oil at a law concentration. The two bottles in front of you contain water. One of these battles also co'ntains a small amount of banana oil. Be aura the covers are on tight, then shake each bottle for two seconds. Unscrew the lid at each bottle, one at a time, and sniff at the mouth of the bottle. Indicate la the test conductor which bottle cantatas banana oil.* A Ths mixtures used in the IAA odor detection teat shall b* prepared in an area separate tram where the test is performed, in order to prevent olfactory fatigue in the subject. 10. If the teat subject is unable lo.correctly- idenlify the jar containing the odor teat solution, ths IAA qualitative fit test may not be used. 11. If the tast subject correctly identifies the jsr containing the odor test solution, the test subject may proceed to respirator selection and fit testing. B. RespiratorSelection. 1. The test subject shallbe allowed to pick the most comfortable respirator from a selection including respirators of variant sizes from different manufacturer*. The selection shall indude arfeast five size* of elastomeric half facepieces, from at least two manufacturer*. Z. The selection ptoceaa shall be conducted in a room separata from tha fit-teal chamber- to prevent odor fatigue. Prior to the adeebaa process. Iba teat subject shall be shown how to put oa a respirator, how it shouldba positioned on theCoca, how to set strep tension and how to determine a -comfortable" respirator. A mirror shall he available to assist the subject in evaluating tha fit and. positioning of the respirator.This instnretion may not constitute the subject's formal training on respirator use. as it ia only a review. 3. The test subject should understand that `tha employee is being asked to select the respirator which provides the most comfortable fit. Each respirator represents a different the and shape and. if fit properly and used properly will provide adequate prolection.. 4. The test subject holds tacb.facepiece up to the face andeliminates those which obviously do not give a'comfortable fit. Normally, telection will begin with a. half-' mask and if a good fit cannot be found, the subject will be asked to test the full facepiece respirator!. (A small percentage of users will not be able to wear any half-mask.) 3. The more camfortahla facepieces are noted; the most comfortable mask ia donnsd. and worn at leastfive minutes to assess comfort. All donning and adjustments of the facepiece shall be performed by the teat subject without assistance from the test conductor or other person. Assistance in titrating comfort esn be given by discussing the points in below. If the test tubject ia not familiar with using a particular respirator, tha teat subject shall'be directed to don the mask several times end to adjust the ttraps each time to become adept at setting proper tension on the straps. A Assessment of comfort shall include' nviswfov th* toUnwin* point* with the test subject end allowing the test subject > adequate lime la determine the comfort at the respirator: ,. * Positioning of mask on nose. Roam for eye protection. Room to talk. Positioning mask on face and cheeks. 7. The following criteria shaH-be-treed to help determine the adequacy of Ihe respirai" . Chin properly placed. jS* Strap tension. Fit across'nose bridge. Distance from, nose la chin. tJ Tendency ter slip. . Ja Self-observation in mirror. A The test subject shall conduct the conventional negsU've and positive-pressor . (it checks before conducting-the negative- c . positive-pressure, lest the subject shall be b J to "teat" the meek by rapidly moving th* head from tide-to-aide and up uml down, while taking m few deep breaths. I . 9. Th* test subject is now ready for fit j testing. ' ta After passing the fit test, the test subject shall be ques Honed again regarding , the comfort of the respirator-ff it has beco* t uncomfortable, another model of respirator j hall be tried. 11. The employee shall be given the opportunity to select s different facepiece t and be retested if tha chosen facepiece becomes increasingly uncomfortable at any--i time. C. Fit lest 1. Th* fit test chamber shall he similar tc^l dear SS gal drum liner suspended inverted J over a 2 foot diameter frame, so that the top"* of (he chamber is about * inches above tha teat subject's head. The inside top center ofw the-dumber shall have s small hook 2a attached. j 2. Each respirator ssod Cor ths fitting and fit tasting ahoil he sqeippad-with organic vapor cartridgei at offer protection against j organic vapor*. Ths cartridges oe masks afo j be. changed at least weekly. J 3. After selecting, donning, and properly adjusting a respirator, tha leal subject shod wear it to Ihe fit testing room. This roam ih be separate from th* room-used for odor i threshold screening aadreapiratar rejection, and ahatlbe well ventilated, aa by an esksast fan or lab hood, to prevent general room ; contamination. ; 4. A copy of the following test exercises and rainbow passage shall be taped to the inside of tha test chamber; Test Exercises \ i. Breath* normally. if it Breathe deeply. B certain breaths are deep and regular. iii. Turn head all the way from one side fjj the otfiar. inhale an each tide. Be certain movement.!* complete. Do not bump tha respirator against th* shoulders.. iv. Nod head up-and-down. Inhaje when head 1* in the full up position (braking lows vt ceiling). Be certain motions are complete tr-~ made about every second. Do not bump the " respirator on the chest.. v. Talking. Talk aloud and slowly far several minutes. The Tallowing paragraph t called the Rainbow Passage. Reading it wd result In a wide range of facial movements, and thus be useful to satisfy this requiremeal m 7-- 2 J BIRD 011894 . V',> .! i J. I & ! M di i. i 9 22766 Federal Register / Vol. 51. No. 119 / Friday. June 20. 1886 / Rules and Regulation! Alternative passages which serve the MM purpoae may alio b* used. vi. jogging in placa. vii. Breath* normally. Rainbo w Pattaga When lha sunlight strikes raindrop* in tha air, they act lika a priam and (brat a rainbow. The rainbow ia a divialon of white light into many beautiful colon. Theae taka the ahap* of a long round arch, with ita path high above, and it* two coda apparently beyond the horizon.There ia. according to legend, a boiling pot of gold at one end. People look, but no one ever find* it When a man looks for something beyond teach, his friends lay ha ia looking for the pat of gold at the end of .the rainbow. _ 5. Each ten subject shall wear the reapiratorfor at least 10 minutes' before starting the (it teat. a. Upon entering lha teat chamber, the test subject shall b* given a A inch by S inch piece of paper,towal or otherporouaabaorbent aingle ply material, folded in half and wetted with threes]u&rtera of one cc of pun IAA. The teat subject shall hang tha wet towel on the hook at the top of the chamber. 7. Allow' two minuter for tha IAA test concentration to b* leashed before starting the fit-teat exercises. This would ha an appropriate time to talk with tha lest subject, to explain Ur* fit teal, the importance of cooperation, the purpose for the head exerciser, or to demonstrate eama of the exercise*. 5. Each exercise described in at above . ahall be performed fur at leaat ont urinate. 9. If at any time during the teal, the subject detects the banana-like odor of IAA. the teat has failed. The subject shall quickly exit from the teal chamber and leave the teat area to avoid olfactory fatigue. 10. If the test is failed, the subject shall return to the aeleeUoa room and remove the respirator, repeat the odor sensitivity teat, select and put on another respirator, return to tha teat chamber, and again begin the procedure described in the rf4) through c(SJ above. The process continue* until a respirator that fit* welt ha* been found. Should the odor sensitivity lest be failed, the subject shall wait about 5 minutes before retesting. Odor sensitivity will uaually have . returned by this time. 11. If a person cannot paas the fit teat described above wearing a half-mask respirator from the available selection, full facepiece model* must be used. 12. When a respirator is found that passes the teat, the subfect breaks the faceseal and takes a breath before exiting tha chamber. This ia to assure that the reason tha teat subject ia not smelling the IAA 1* the good fit ' of the respirator facepiece seal usd not olfactory fatigue. u. When the tee! eubject leave* tha. chamber, the subject shall remove the saturated towel and return It to the person conducting tha (eat. To keep the area from becoming contaminated, the used towels shall be kept In a self-sealing bag so there la nn iHriitfirant IAA rviisiTvSaaSlnx Ks><t4s* U the teat chamber during subsequent teats. IS. At least two facepiecaa shall b* aalaciad for tha IAA last protocol. The test subject shall b* given tha opportunity to wear nose and mouth area to accommodate the them for one week to choose the one which la nebulizer nozzle. more comfortable to wear. 3. The entire screening and tearing 15. Persona who have successfully passed procedure shall be explained to the test this fit test with a half-mask respirator may subject prior to conducting the screening teat. be assigned the ua* of tha teat respirator in atmosphere* with up to 10 times the PEL, of airborne asbestos. In atmospheres greater than 10 times, and less than 100 time* the PEL (up to 100 ppm), tha subject must pass the IAA teat using a full face negative pressure respirator. (The concentration of the IAA inside the teat chamber must he increased by . ten limes for QLFTof tha full facepiece.) 10. The teat shall not be conducted if there . {a any hair growth between the skin and the facepiece sealing surface. 17. If hair growthor apparel interfere with a satisfactory fit, then they shall be altered or removed ao aa to eliminate interference end allow a satisfactory fiL If a satisfactory fit la still net attained, tha teal subject muit use a positive-pressure respirator such as powered 4. During the threshold screening test, the teat subject shall don the teat enclosure and breathe with apan mouth with tongue extended. 5. Using a DeVilbias Model 40 inhalation Medication Nebulizer or equivalent, the test conductor shall spray the threshold check solution into tha enclosure. This nebulizer shall be clearly marked to distinguish it from the fit test solution nebulizer. 8. The threshold check solution consists of 0.83 grams of sodium saccharin. USP in water, it can b* prepared by putting 1 cc of the teat solution (sc* C 7 below) in 100 cc of water. 7. To produce the aerosol, the nebulizer buih is firmly squeezed so that it collapses air-purifying respirators, supplied air respirator, or self-contained breathing completely, then ia released and allowed to fully expand. apparatus. 6. Ten squeezes at the nebulizer bulb are 18. If a teat subject exhibits difficulty In repeated rapidly and then the teat subject is breathing during the lasts, aha or he shall be asked whether the saccharin can ba tasted. referred to a physician trained in respirator disease* or pulmonary medicine to determine whether the test eubject can weer a respirator while performing her or his duties. 19. Qualitative fit (eating shall be repeated at leaat every six months. 20. In addition, because the sealing of the respirator may be affected, qualitative fit testing ahall b* repeated immediately when the teat subject has a: (1) Weight change of 20 pounds or mare. (2) Significant facial scarring in the area of the facepiece teal, (3) Significant dental changes: Lee multiple extractions without prothesis, or acquiring `dentures, (4) Reconstructive or cosmetic surgery, or (5) Any other condition that may interfere with facepiece sealing. . Recardkeeping. A summery of ail teat reaulta shall be maintained in each office for 3 year*. The summary shall include: (1) Name of teat subject. (Z) Date of letting. 0. If the first response ia negative, ten inure squeezes of the nebulizer bulb are repealed rapidly and the teat subject is again asked whether the saccharin can b* tasted. 10. tf the second response is negative ten more squeezes are repeated rapidly and the test subject ia again askad whether the saccharin can be tasted. 11. The test conductor will take note at the number at squeezes required to elicit a taste response. 12. if the saccharin is not tasted after 30 squeezes (Step 10), tha saccharin fit test cannot be performed on the teat subject. 12 ir a taste response is elicited, the test subject shall be asked to take note of the taste for reference in the Ct test. 14. Correct use of the nebulizer means that approximately 1 cc of liquid is used at a time in the nebulizer body. ' 15. The nebulizer shall be thoroughly rinsed in water, shaken dry. and refilled at least every four hour*. C. Fit lesL (3) Name of the teat conductor. 1. The test subject shall don and adjust the (4) Respirators selected (indicate respirator without the assistance from any manufacturer, model, size and approval person. number). 2. The fit teat uses the.same enclosure (5) Testing agent. described in UB above. U. Saccharin Solution Aerosol Protocol A. Respirator Selection. Respirators shall b* selected as described In section IB (respirator selection) above, except that each respirator shall be equipped with a particulate filter. B. Taste Threshold Screening. 1. An enclosure about head and shouldera shall b* used for threshold screening (to determine if the individual can laate saccharin) and for fit letting. The enclosure shall be approximately 12 inches in diameter by 14 inches tail with at leaat the front clear iv tiwn* free SwVgfi'etil u Lie wuen a 3. Each teat aubject shall wear the respirator for at leaat 10 minutes before tarring the fit test. 4. The teat aubject ehall don the enclosure while wearing the respirator selected in section IB above. This respirator shall be properly adjusted and equipped with a particulate filler. 5. The teat subject may not eat. drink -(except plain water), or chew gum for 15 minute* before the teat. 0. A second DeVilbias Model 40 Inhalation Medication Nebulizer is used to spray the fit text tuiuiiuu uuu tha enclosure, This respirator I* worn. nebulizer shall be claariy marked to 2. The teat enclosure shall have a threequarter inch hole In front of the test subject's distinguish it from the screening teat solution nebulizer. 7-13 BIRD 011895 Federal Register / VoL 51, No. 119 / Friday, June'20, 1986 / Rules and Regulations 22767 7. The IU test solution Is prepared by addins 83 grama of sodium aacefaarin (o too ec of warm water. a. At before, (he lest subject shall breathe with mouth open and longue extended. 9. The nebulizer fa inserted into the hole in the front of the enclottin and tha fit test solution ia aprayed into the enclosure using the lime technique at for the taste threshold screening and the tame number of squeezes required to elicit a taste response in tha screening. (See B8 through BIO above.) Id. After generation of the aemaol read the following inatructions to the test subject. The - test subject shall perform the exercises for one minute each. L Breathe normally. 1L Breathe deeply. Be certain breaths sue deep tad regular. ill Turn head ail the way from one aide to the other. Be certain movement la complete. Inhale on each aide. Do not bump the reapirator againat the shoulders. iv. Nod head up-and-down. Be certain moliani are complete. Inhale when heed is ia the full up potilion (when looking toward the ceiling). Do not bump tht respirator on the chest. v. Talking. Talk aloud and alowly for several minute*. The fallowing paragraph ia called the Rainbow Passage. Reading it will resolt hi a wide range offacisd movements, and thus be useful to satisfy this requirement. Alternative paaaages which serve the same purpose may aba be used. vi. jogging in piece. ` vii. Breathe normally. 17. If hair growth or apparel interfere with a satisfactory fit. then they shall ba altered or removed so as to eliminate interference and allow a satisfactory fit. If satisfactory fit la still not attained, the teat subject must use t positive-pressure respirator such as powered sirepurifying respirator*, supplied air reapirator. or self-contained breathing apparatus. IX If a teat subject exhibits difficulty in breathing during tha testa, she or he shall ba referred to a.physician trained in respirator diseases or pulmonary medicine to determine whether tha test subject can yvaara reapirator wfaiis performing her or bis duties. IX Qualitative fit testing shall be repeated at least every six months. 28 In addition, because the sealing of tha respirator may ba affected, qualitative fit testing shell ba repeated Immediately when the test aubject has a: (1) Weight change of20 pounds or more, (21 Significant facial scarring in the area of the facepiece seal (3) Significant dental changes; Leu multiple extractions without pre.lkesls. or acquiring dentures. (4) Reconstructive or cosmetic surgery, or (5) Any other condition that may interfere with fscepiect sealing. D, Recordkeeping. A summary of all test results shall be maintained in each offica for 3 years. Tht summary shall Include; (1j Nsma of test subject. (2) Dsteaf testing. (3} Name oftest conductor. (4) Respirators selected (indicate Rainbow Postage manufacturer, model size and approval When the sunlight strikes raindrops in the air, they act like a prism and foras a rainbow. number). (5) Testing agent. The rainbow ia a division of white light into L Irritant Fume Protocol many beautiful colon. These take the shape of a long found arch, with ita path high above, end ita two ends apparently beyond the horizon. There it, according to legend, a bailing pat of gold at one end. People look, but no ana ever rinds it. When a man looks foraomething beyond his teach, hit friends say he la looking for the pot ofgold at the end of the rainbow. 11. At the beginning of etch exercise, the aerosol concentration shall be replenished using one-half the number of squeezes as Initially described In C9. A. Respirator selection. Respirators shall be selected as described In section IB above, except that each reapiratorthall be equipped with a. combination of high-cfficiency and acid.gai cartridges. B. Fit test. 1. The teat subject shell be allowed to smell a weak concentration of th* irritant smoke to familiarize the aubject with the characteristic odor. X The teat subject shall properly don the respirator selected as above, and wear It for 12. The test subject shall indicate to tha at least IQ minutes before starting tha fit teat test conductor If at any time during the fit test 3. The test conductor shall review this the taste of saccharin is detected. protocol with the teat subject before tatting. IX If tha saccharin ia detected the fit la 4. The test subject shall perform tha deemed unsatisfactory and a different conventional positive pressure and negative respirator shall be.tried. pressure fit checks (aee ANSI Z8821980]. 14. At least two facepieces shall be Failure ofeither.cbeck shall ba cause to selected by the 1AA test protocol. The test select sn alternate respirator. subject ahsdl ba given tha opportunity to wear, X Break bath ends af a ventilation imokt them for one week to choose the one which is tube caaUining stannic oxychloride, such oa mare camfartabl* to wear. the MSA part 4FS04S, or equivalent. Attach a IX Successful completion of the test short length of tubing to ana end ot thasmoke protocol shall allow the ua of tha half mask tude. Attach the other and of tha amoks tube tested respirator in contaminated to a law pressure ah pump sat to deliver 200 atmospheres up to 10 times tha PEL of milliliters per minute. asbestos. In other words this protocol may ba X Advise the teat aubject that the tmoka. tMMg iw awai^i t ^nutbutlau fiC-wv ?? ? ** ka tawSatiwS tka Mias qiuf IfiatmH iH* than ten. subject to keep the ayei closed while the (eat IX The test shall not be conducted if then la performed. ............ la any hair growth between tha skin, and the 7. The teat conductor shall direct tha i facepiece sealing surface. stream of irritant smoke from tha tuba - jtowards the faceaeal area of tha teat sub|e- The person conducting the test shall begin ; with the lube at least 12 inches from tbs facepiece and graduallymave to within one Inch, moving around the whole perimeter (IS the mask. >3 X The teat subject shall be instructed to tha following exercises while the respirator it being challenged by the smoke. Each axercuw shall be performed for one minute. 3 L Breathe normally. jjl 1L Breathe deeply. Be certain breathe are deep and regular. iii Turn head all the way from one aide *' . the other. Be certain movement is complet { Inhale an each aide. Do not hump the "i respirator againat the ahouldera. Iv. Nod head up-and-down. Be certain motions are complete and made every i second. labels when head ia in the foil up position (looking toward ceiling). Do not bump the respirator against the chest. v. Talking. Talk aloud and slowly for several minute*. The following paragraph j called the Rainbow Paasaga. Reading ft wi result in a wide range of fecial movements, and thus be useful to satisfy this requirement. Alternative passages which serva the samr ; purpose may slso be used. Rainbow Passage' ' Vibes the sunlight strike* raindrops in the air. they act like a prism and form a rainhe!* The rainbow is a division of white light 1mJr many beautiful colon. Thesa taka the shaper at a long round arris, with ita path high above, and ita two end apparently beyond tha horizon. There is, according to legend. bailing pot ofgold at one end. People look]) but no one ever finds it. When a man looks for something beyond his teach, his friends say he ia looking for tha pot of gold at the } of tha rainbow. ' vi. jogging in Place. . -' vii. Breathe normally. 0. The teat subject shall indicate to the test conductor it tha Irritant smoke is detected ' amoks is detected, the teat conductor shel atop the*teat. In this case, the tested reapirator ia rejected and another respirator shall be selected. , 10. Each test aubject passing the smoke f (Ijj, without detecting the smoke) shall be } given a sensitivity check of smoke from the seme tube (o determine if the test subject reacts to the smqke: Failure to evoke t response shall void tha fit test. rJ 11. Steps B4. B9. BIO of this fit test protor* shall be performed in a location with exhaus ventilation sufficient to prevent general contamination of the testing area by the u , agents. 12. At laast two factpieccs shall ba selected by the LAA test protocol. The test subject shall be given the opportunity to v*i them for ana week to choose the one whfc . mors comfortable to wear. IX Respirator* successfully tested by tha protocol may be used In contaminated atmospharaa up to ten timat the PEL of asbestos. 14. The teat shall not be conducted if th It any hair growth betwten tha skin and tha facepiece sealing surface.' * a J BIRD 011896 22768 Foderal fUgatac / VoL 51. .No. 119- / Friday,, [une 20.1366 / Ralea and Regulations 15-Ih*ir gfawrker SBgsil Inlrfm with a Mlli&clQ| 4. tluublkcjc akalkbe.dieted oc mnovectan act* slteiinaia kUasfrrenca and allow - -- CUCasariafaotnry fitis lilt not aHuinart Ike lettauBjpctmusLtiae a pasitiVe-pnemire respirator such a* powered air-purityins rrspitainra. supoiiadeir respirrmr._arseB?cnntJuned breathing, 10. IT a-restanbjecrexhibit*difficulty In breathing during thrtesta, the orBe snaU'be referred to a physician (rained in respirator disease* orpuitannarytiedlriaa to determine whether the teat subject can wear a reapiratnr wftiih peaforming Heror hia dudes. 17. QaatUtadra StUsdug;shag Be repented at ieait every.aba nantfta: IB. In addition. hreaus.'tfic-aeafingcf the reapiretormay beaflberetf qualitative fit (eating shaiT herepeated*immediately whenthe test'ail^wtiBsiaac (1) Weight sHisqs W ffl'pqunds or more. (Z) Signiissamfimiekeeaiang in the area of the facepiece aeab (3) Sigrafla.aqadcntalchangaa: he, multiple extractions-without pratbeaia. or acquiring dentures. (4) Reconstructive oraoametic surgery, or (5) Any-tier-tnadit*m.dial may interfere with facepiece sealing, C. Recordkeeping. A summary of all lest results tball be maintained in eackeiOee br 3 years. The summary shall Bu-tnA- (1) Name of taahaubtecL. (2) Data of tasting. (3) Nameoftail conductor.. (4) Respiratorsselected (indicate- maimfacturer,madfe( size and approval number). (5) Testing agent: Quantitative tttOat Procedures 1. Ceaerai a. The method eppliea to the negativepressure nanpowered air-purifying respirators only. b. The employer sbairasslgn one individual who shall aasumt the full responsibility for Implementing the respiretor quantitative lit teat program. 2. Definition. a. "Quantitative Fit Test" mesas tha measurement of tha effectiveness of s respirator seel In rxchidiag.the amhient atmosphere. Tha testir.performed By dividing' tha measured:concentration of challenge agent in e teal;dumber by the measured concentrationeUhe.ahali*ng agent inside tha reepssatse fteegiocarwhux tha normal air purifyingelamaas barbeen replaced by an (asaatiaUrgeriMl:Burning element. b. "Challenge Agent" means the eir contaminant introduced.into ales*dumber so that its concentratioo-iiuida.end.outside tha respirator may be compared, c. "Test Subject" meana.tha.parean;Waaring the respirator for quantitatlva fit.Usting.. d. "Normal Standing Position" standing erect and straight,with.arms daws along (he aides and looking straight('< a. "Fu r actor" means to. redo of chaiiaege agent coacentration outside wtlhjespecl to tha inside of a respirator inlet coveting (facepiece or enclosure). 3.Apparatus. fneentmentflfinm. S^artn mil chloride or other appropriate?aawual generation, dilmian,aadneaeaumiaaat ayaterns shall bc.uaadfoc qiuttfiriaa-fii last: b. Tost dhnabar..Tha!testeRamhair shall, ha large enough, to penmialLtaati ashyereka. freely perform all reqpicari saisiaiaes.wttbnut " distributing the challenge agent concentration or the measurement.ofpMaiua. The <aat. chamber shall be.eqaipgad srsdisssimrlad so that tha rhillings upset ia afhwfiuslif isolated from the amisiracate yak aaifartn.ia concentration thmiighaati tfiarrfiemfasic. When testing sir-gusifyiag sea*iaetars. the normal filtar-er ranraig* slamisitshslfbareplaced with a high-efficiency partixnlir d. The sampling instnsnsaS shell ba selected so that a atrip chart. aaaorJ maybe made of the teat showing tha tike and fall of challenge agent eoncaattatioo. with each inspiration and expiration at lit factors of at least 2,000. ' e. The camblrutimuaC substitute air- purifying elementi Ofaagb cha8hga agent, sod challenge agent concentration in the.test chamber shall be such,that, tha test subject is not exposed in excess of PEL to tha challenge agent at any time during tbs tatting process. t The sampling port on the test specimen, respirator shall ba placed aasfoosutructed so that there la no detectable kale ticuad the port, a tree air flow la allotaeifintmthn sampling line at all timaa:andiao thcrc.traa interference with the fit or pesfomunse-of the teapintor. g. The teat chamber and test aet-up shall permit the person administering the test to' observe one test subject inside the chamber during the test h. The equipment generating (he challenge atmosphere shall maintain the concentration of challenge agent constant within a 10 percent variation for the duration of tha test l The time lag (interval between an event and its being recorded on the strip chart) of . the instrumentation may not exceed2 seconds. ). The tubing for (he teat chamber atmnaphere and for tha respirator sampling port shall be tha same diameter, length and material. It shall be kept as short aa possible. Tha smallest diameter tubing recommended by the ouutufacturershafl.be used, k. The exhaust flaw bom.the test chamber shall pass through a hlghreffictestcy filler before release ta.lha.coam, i. When sodium chloride acrosaCIa uasd, the relative humidity inside the.tealchamber ahaU not.excesd.SO percent; 4. ProceduralBeqpieements a. Tha fitting ofhaif-mask respiralore ahould.be slarted.wilh. those haxinymulliplatizes and a ra.ty.nri,t,ret..m,nhl cartridges, and-ranistsrs such,ar the USA Comfo 11-M.MortoaM.Suryivair B* A-Q W. or Scotl-M. Uaa ellhac af.tha taste taitllnark below to assure that tha fiicepieca ia proparly adjusted. (1) Positive pressure lest With- tha.exhaust Port! si blocked, tha DM. tiaa nr..nw ,f slight inhalation shouldremain constant tot several seconds. (2) Negative pressure test. Witb cht rmk port(s) blockad. the negative pressure alight lnhe!aUon.should remain constans.facsevaral; seconds. b. After a facepiece is adjusted, the?test, subject shsdl wear the facepierwfnea* West S. minutes beforeconducting a qaatitatiwxtoaaky using eitherof the methods desassBaW Below and usingthe exercise regima.dssai'dwifim. Jju b, e, d. and a. (lfAoomy/ acetate test Winning organic vapor cartridges, tha lass swhjeri who can smell tha odor should be unebfe nrdbstctf the odor of laoamyl acetate-sqirirtesf ina* the air near the most vulnerable portion* ofdie facepiece seal. In a location which-ir separated from tbs test area, the teat rubjcct shall ba instructed to close her/his eyes during the test period. A combination ' cartridge or canister with organicvapoe and. high-efficiency filters shall be used when available for the particular mask being tested. The teal subject shall be given an opportunity to smell the odor of laoamyl acetate before tha teat la conducted. (21 Irritantfume test When using higheffidency fillers, the test subject should be unabta to detect th odor of irritant fume [stannic chloride or titanium tetrachloride ventilation amoka tubas) squirted Into the air . near the moat vulnerable portions of the. facepiece seaLTht teat subject shall be instructed to dose her/his eyes during tha test period. c. The teat subject may enter the quantitative testing chamber only if ahaor ha has obtained a satisfactory fit as stated in 4b. of this Appendix. d. Before the subject enters the teat chamber, a reasonably atable challenge agent concentration shall be measured in the teat chamber. . Immediately alter the subjtct enters the test chamber, the challenge agent concentration inaida the respirator shall be measured to ensure that the peak penetration does not exceed S percent for a half-mask and 1 percent Car a full facepiece. f. A atable challenge agent concentration shall be obtained prior to the actuaLatart of testing. (1) Respirator restraining straps may not ba overtightened for testing. The straps shall be adjusted by the wears1 to give a reasonably comfortable fit typical of normal use. - 5. Exercise Regime, Prior to entering the test chamber, the teat subject' shall be given complete instructions aa to her/his pul In the test procedures. The test subject Shall perform the fallowing exercises, in the order given, for each independent teat. a. Normal Breaching (NBJ, la the normal, alsoding poiitioa. without-talking. the subject ahaU breathaaomuITy foe at beat m . fmqijfj. b. Deep Btttstfung (DBl la the aarauti standingpoailin&the sii&frrr aheM.do deep breathing lor at Watl aoa auuiurgaoauag'SQ m not to hypcrvtatiUtJ* a Turningbmadxid* io-ewk. (SSI. Standing in pUc tha cubjrct ahaU slowly turn his/her Vaar4fMaaU. V..s~.----- sW. ... _ ----* ever irssnWBM W M f,, Tw .. JT positions to each side. Tha head shall ba held at each axtrema position for at IsaacS seconds. Perform or at least thraa complete cycler. 7-15 BIRD 011897 uJfEVWV* ^fcviZr -` 22770 p~*--l / Voi lyHa llfl / Friday, Jana 20.1BS6 / Rules andRggtiltioa I I . .'.'J.XSXx.i j 1 I J !I 1 \ 3 st 3 7--1 fi l BIRD 011898 4\.4vX'SJ.u< i. v<ci^'l-Vxiv.'*S\'</.. c-^..ii.^r^t..--v.^sXV;. ..4v..<r, ,sv.^..biJiKU^SuX, Us<^i'*-:*vJ ,3V2l<#&.d * .*,'* .VJv.i*' ?.E.,\vi. '.Sva- ./.Svv sS,^?.'-.-'-;.''* KV-ST.''' 'X/'-vUV Federal Register / Vol. 51, No, 119 / Friday, June 20, 1986 / Rules and Regulations_______ 22769 d. Moving head up and down (LtDf. Standing in place, the subject shall alowly c. The everaga peak concentration of the challenge agent inside the respirator shall be (a) Name and signature of the person that conducted the teat. move hie/her head up and down between the the arithmetic average peak concentrations L Fitter* used for qualitative or quantitative extreme poaition airtight up end the extreme for each of the mac cxcrciacs of the teat fit testing shall be replaced weekly, whenever position straight dawn. The heed ahall he which are computed aa the arithmetic increased breathing resistance it held at each extreme poaition for t leaat S average of the peak concentrations found for encountered, or when the teat agent hsa seconds. Perform (or at leaat three complete each breath during the exerciae. altered the integrity of the filter media. cycles. <L The average peak concentration for an Organic vapor cartridgee/caoieter* ahall be a. Reading (Hi- The aubject ahall read out exerciae may be determined graphically if replaced daily or sooner if there is any alowly and loud ao aa to be heard clearly by there is not a great variation in the peak Indication of breakthrough by the test agent. the teat conductor or monitor. The teat concentrations during a aingle exercise. aubject ahall read the "rainbow paeeage" at S. interpretation of Test Resuits. The fit 10. In addition, because the seeling of the respirator may be affected, quantitative fit the end of thia section. 1. Grimace (G). The teat aubject ahall grimace, smile. frown, and generally contort the fisca uaing the facial muscle*. Continue Cor at lean 15 aeconda. g. Rend aver and touch toes IB). The teat aubject ahall bend at the waiat and touch toea and return to upright poaition. Repeat for at leaat 30 aeconda. h. fogging in place (J). The teat aubject ahall perform jog in place (brat leaat 30 aeconda. I. Normal Breathing (NB). Same aa exerciae a. Rainbow Passage When the aunlight atrikes raindrops in the factor meaaured by the quantitative fit testing ahall be the lowest of the three protection factors resulting bom three independent' teats. '] 8.Other Requirements. ' a. The teat aubject shall not be permitted to wear e'helf-maek or full facepiece meak if the minimum fit factor of 100 or 1.000,. respectively, cannot be obtained: If hair. growth or apparel interfere with a satisfactory fit. then they shall ba altered or removed ao aa to eliminate Interference end . allow a satisfactory fiulfji satisfactory fit is still not attained, the test aubject must uia a positive-pressure'respirator such aa powered testing shall be repeated immediately when the test subject hat a: (1) Weight change of 20 pounds or more, (2) Significant facial scarring in the area of the facepiece seal. (3) Significant dental changes; i.ec multiple extractions without pretheata. or acquiring dentures. (4) Reconstructive or cosmetic surgery, or (Sj Any other condition that may interfere with facepiece sealing. 11. Recordkeeping. A summary of all test retulta shall be maintained for 3 years. The summary shall include: (1) Name of test subject. air, they act like a priam and form a. rainbow. air^purifying respiretor*, supplied air (2) Date of testing. The rainbow la a division of white light into respirator, or self-contained breathing (3) Name of the test conductor. many beautiful colon. Theae take the ahape apparatus, (4) Fit (actors obtained from every ofa long round arch, with ita path high b. The teat ahall not be conducted if there respirator tested (indicate manufacturer, above, and Ita two end* apparently beyond la any hair growth between the akin and the model size and approval number}. 1 the horizon. There la. according ta Mgend. a boiling pot ofgold at one end. People look, but no one ever find* 1L When a man looks facepiece sealingsurfaca. c. ifa (eat subject exhibits difficulty in breathing during the taste, she orbs shall ba Appendix 0 la jtlMJt- Medical Questionnaires; Mandatory for eoeicthing beyond reach, hit friends say referred to a physician trained in respirator This mandatory appendix contains the J he is looking for the pot of gold at the end of the rainbow. diseases or pulmonary medicine to determine medical questionnaires that must be whether the teat aubject can wear a sdministered to all employees .who are 8. The test ahall be terminated whenever any tingle peak penetration exceeda 5 respirator while performing her or his duties. . d. Tha teat subject shall be given the exposed to asbestos, tremolite. anthophyllile. sctinclilr, or a combination of these minerals percent far half-metka and t percent for full opportunity to wear the assignad respirator above tha action level and who will facepieces. The teat aubject may ba refitted' for one week. If the respirator does not . - therefore be included in their employer's and retested. If two of the three required teste are terminated, the fit shall be deemed inadequate. (See paragraph 4-h.). 7. Calculation ofFit Factor. a. The fit factor determined by the quantitative (it teat equals the average concentration ioaide the respirator. b. Tha-average test chamber concentration is the arithmetic average of the test chamber concentration at the beginning and of the end provide e satisfactory fit during actual uaa. the lest aubject may request another QNFT which shall be performed immediately. e.A respirator fit factor card shall be issued to the teal subject with the following Information: (1) Name. (2) Dale of fit teat. (3) Protection factors obtained through each manufacturer, model and approval medical surveillance program. Part 1 of the appendix contain* the Initial Medical Questionnaire, which must be obained for all new hires who will be covered by the medical surveillance requirements. Part 2 include* tha abbreviated Periodical Medical Questionnaire, which must be administered to all employees who are provided periodic medical examination* under the medical surveillance provisions of the standard. of the teat. number of respirator tested. hum cooc uts-ts-s* i I BIRD 011899 ^<4<^v<'V5V-.<i''s;,s:i;S.\'; V. W-- \.5Xv4:'.'ii'.W.' ! ii.':!? '.V'lA^i?:'i:.' V.Jv.'i :&.. stx'^vViSSfcv I jtofhte / Vol. Sl> No- ns- j Friday June 20.198ft / Raie amiReglatjoiM_____^7^ II II X > >* A > *a+ pt ox i it it it r it 11 I I 1 X a r* a. *um* <a& x m9f*t. k. na > w* IM*. I*M 5OX*1aft j <9400a *h. m>-a^* >o-oi c-rcaei 11 11 'I I X X > ft aA. t 9* < |x |x cx -a j l i i j 3 j BIRD 011900 *5 i3.. 22772 Fadtal Register / Voi 51. No. llfl / Friday, June 20..1886 / Rules and Regt...v.T li li III S ji* * Il i -4 S" 41 * m9 *3 aca I a > ti II O *a> n a* I I ?: lca4 9 s s --5 9i 0M O - r* U /- <r U3 3. C j: *4q o tr43 ! = 5 =? a* ^ ?*s* Vo 4 a er *# 4 i 1 u a4 * * <ktw4M*O5 *5 2- S 6 to 9 acr ua i v* *to> .-- *o9 2*3 -- &a.2^ -* ~ 9aa92 2# o a *o -- >* su:(It* u *t*o 99> aU 9 * a a a* *ttoo 40 r- *. 9 to ato ao> tao to *9 to to i asc W * w *u Xac to ^ X 994 to 9 wm * >o--c , a a n a 4 90t n-l 0 9 3 = -i hSJ >< . as totoov*3U-a-~O*.*. a m 9 1*11 to to a C/9 JOZ ttoo Bto 43 * 0 .vaU A* 09 to 9 2 a* to C to'to to C to Cl to CMto 9a Stoto w a ato99 Kto 9w a o 9 "to Sguggg W.W O (40 l I >to* 199 3K 9 39 aaa 90 "* 3 0 4* 999 >t o -ato ttoo* tCa 9 to 30 to tol 9- to i m 9to `t. 61, J5 3* Co O3 5; to to to to to O --3 to *ta to6totottboo to 49 to Ja to* * * S3 9Co < Is ou aa a* / <i a** <03 a >*- >*to 2- 99 9 0919 Q II % > to A nA I I in 3 *5A... .1*,9 ii > [IIIe o Oo tco 3 li - II I I Ii II u2 < I I to to to 9 93 K too III ** >* 4. to l * *- . X >4 to to K t9o ^< to e 5 * PA *9 K 96 u/; v u >*3 0 a * 4. *%3 3to-v* ae mto 3c C* II 1I as *c to to U9 JtoS cto Oo e to >o JQC to e <9490o BIRD 011901 I I I I II I II II S,, >- ? II II i I i l II I o ****. X Q o* * e I II I I I II I MM I 00 3 > Xa *. Xo > a * n OCfbc a o* !II j J 1 3 -a J BIRD 011902 :,S-\ < t'j ) um Federal Regrtcr / Vol. SI. No. 119 / Friday. June 20,1980 [ Rules and Regulations *7 n i BIRD 011903 V*VVVk> 1 ..".rt i- Foderml Rcnator / Vol. 51, No. 119 / Friday, June 20.1986 / Rule* and Regulation* I V l.. I 7-22 a BIRD 011904 22778 Fedeittl Rogistar / VoL 51, Not lift* / FmeUy.. Juno 20} 1588 / Rules and' Regulation* Appendix E to $1B2UU--interprstalina and Ctassificatioo of Chat Rosatgeuograme-- Mandatory (a) Cheat coeatfeaograin* ahall be Interpreted and dessified in accordance with a profeesianiUy accepted daaaiQcation ayatem and recorded on a Roentgenographic Interpretation Form. `Form CSD/NIOSH (M) 2.8. (b) Roentgenograms ahall be Interpreted and daaaified only by a B-reader. a board eligible/certified radiologist or an experienced phyaidan with known expertiae in pneumoconioses. (c) All interpreters, whenever interpreting cheat roentgenograma made under this section. ahall have immediately available for reference a complete aet of the tLQ-JJ/C International Ciaaaification of Radiograph* for Pneumoconioses, I860. Appendix F to 192&5*--Work Practices end Engineering Condole for Major Aabeetoa Removal. Recovation. and Demolition Operations--Non-Mandatory Thia ia a non-mandatory appendix deaigned to provide guideline# to aaaiat cmpioycra in complying with the requirement* of2fl CFR182020. Speaftcaily, -thia appendix dtacribta the equipment- method#, and pracedurea that should be tued in major aabestoa removal project# '' conducted to abate a recognized aabeetoa hazard or in preparation for building renovation or demolition. Theta projecta require the con#traction of negative-preature temporary endoaurea to contain the aabeetoa material and to prevent the expaturc of byatanderm and other employee# at the worksite. Paragraph (e)(6) of the atandard - requires that **... JWJhenever feasible, the employer ahall eatahliah negative-preaaure endoaurea before commencing asbestos removal, demolition, or renovation operations." Employer* should alto be aware that when conducting aabeatoe removal projects, they may be required under the National Emissions Standard# for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAPS). 40 CFR Part 01. Subpart M, or EPA regulation# under the Clear Water ACL Construction of a negative-pressure endosure ia a simple but time-consuming process that requires careful preparation and execution: however, if the procedures below are followed, contractors should be assured of achieving a temporary barricade that will protect employees and others outside the endoiure from exposure to aabestoa and minimize to the extent passible tha exposure of aabeatoa workers inside tha barrier at well Tha equipment and materials required to . construct these barrier* are readily available and easily installed and used. In addition la an endosure around the removal site, tha standard requires employer* to provide hygiene fadlitics that ensure that their asbestos contaminated employes# do not leave the work sits with asbestos on thdr persons or dolhing: the construction of there facilities is also described below. The eteps in the process of preparing the aabestoa removal sits, building tha endosure. constructing hygiene facilities, removing the asbestos-containing material, and restoring the eite indude: (1) Planning the removal project: . (3) Procuring the necessary materials and equipment: (3) Preparing the work area: (4) Removing the-asbestos-containing material: (5) Cleaning the work ares: and (6) Disposing of the asbestos-containingwaste. Planning tha RemovalProject The planning of an aabeatoa removal project ia critical to completing tbs'project safely and cost-effectively. A written aabeatoa removal plan should be prepend that describe* the equipment and procedures that will be used throughout tha project The aabeatoa abatement plan will aid not only in executing the project but alto hi complying; with the reporting acquirement! of the tJSEPA alberta# regulation* (40 CFR 61: Subpart M), which call for specific information such as a description of control methods and control equipment to bs used and the disposal sites the contractor proposes to use to dispose of the aahestos containing materials. The asbasloa abatement plan should contain the following information: A physical.de*cription of the work area; A description of the approximate amount of material to be removed: A schedult.for turning olf and fading existing ventilation systems: Pctsonnd hygiene procedures: Labeling-procedures; A description of personal protective equipment and-clothing to be worn by employees: A description of the local exhaust ventilation systems to be used: A description ofwork practices to he observed by employees: A description of the methods to be used to remove the asbestos-containing material; - Tha watting agpnt to be usedi A description of the scalhnt .to be used at the end of the projest: An air monitoring plan; A description of the method m ha used to transport waste material: and: Tha location ofithe-dumpiaita: Materials andEquipment Necessary fur Asbestos Removal . Although individual asbestos removal projects vary in terms of the equipment required to accomplish the removal of the material, some equipment and materials are common to most asbestos removal operations. Equipment and materials that should be availablu at the beginning of each project are: (1) rolls of polyethylene sheeting: (Z) roils of gray duct tape or dear plastic tape; (3) HEPA filtered vacuum(s): (4) HEPAfiltered portable ventilation system(s): (S) a wetting agent: (6) an airless sprayer; (7) a portable shower unit: (6) appropriate respirators; (9} disposable coveralls: (10) signs and labels: (11) pro-printed disposal bags: and (12) a manometer or pressure gauge. Rolls ofPolyethylene Plastic and Tape. Roll* of polyethylene plastic (0 mil in thickness)-should be available to construct the asbestos removal enclosure and to seat window*, door*, ventilation systems, wall penetrations, and ceilings and floors in the work area. Cray duct tape or clear plastic tape ahouid be used to seal the edges of the plastic and to seal any hales in the plastic endosure. Polyethylene plastic sheeting can be purchased in rolls, up to 12-20 feet in width and up to 100 feet in length. HEPA-Filtertd Vacuum. A HEPA-fillered vacuum ia essential for deaning the work erse after the asbestos has been removed. Such vacuums are designed to-be used.with e HEPA (High Efficiency Particulate Air) filter, which la capable of removing 9337 percent of the asbestos particle* from the air. Various sizes and capadtiea of HEPA vacuums are available. Ona manufacturer, Nilfisk of America. Inc.*, produces three models that range in capadty front 5-75 gallon* to 17 gallons (see Figure F-l). All of these models are portable, end all have long hoaei capable of reaching out-of-the-way places, such as sress-sbove ceiling tiles, behind pipes, etc. Exhaust AirFiltration System, A portable ventilation ayatem is necessary to create a negative pressure within the asbestos removal endosure. Such units are equipped with.* HEPA filler and are designed to exhaust and dean tha air inside the endosure bcforc-cxheusting it to the outside of the enclosure (See Figure F-2). Systems tr* available Itemseveral manufacturers. One supplier. Micro-Trap, Inc- * has two ventilation unit* that range in capadty from 600 cubiafeet per minute (CFM| to 1.700 CFM. According (a tha manufacturer's literature; Micro-map.* units filter particles of QJ micron ia.siza.with an efficiency of 90-08 peocenL The number and capadty of . uniu requiredm ventilate an endosure depend an the-tize of the area to be vcnliUted- .* Median,of tssd* umst or camaeictal: products does ac* coestitule endorsement *r rwommerdstlns, for sue. Federal Register / Vol. 51, No. 119 / Friday. June 20. 1966 / Rules and Regulations 227 Source Product Caul**. Ashaalo* Coutrol Tjchaetopa*. lac, Mapta Shade. N.J. IMS. Rim F-l. HEPA Uttered.Vacuum! Removal ofasbestos material from a "live" electrical box that was over*prayed with the material when (ha real of tha area was sprayed with asbestos-containing coating: and (2) removing asbestos-containing insulation from a live steam pipe. In both of these situslions, the preferred approach would be to turn off the electricity or steam, respectively, to permit wet removal methods to be seed. However, where removal work must be performed during working hours. le- when normal operation* cannot be disrupted, Source Product Catalog. Aabewoa Coalrcl Ttdwoiotiu. Inc. Maple Shade. N.f.. IMS. the asbestos-containing material must be removed dry. Immediate bagging is then tha only method of minimizing the amount of Figure F-Z. Portable Exhaust Vastilatioo System with HEPA FUlar airborne asbestos generated. Airless Sprayer. Airies* sprayers are used to apply amended water to asbesio*- WettingAgents. Wetting agent* containing material*. Air]eta sprayer* allow (surfactants) are added to water (which i* the amended water to be applied in a fine then called amended water) and used to aak spray that minimizes the release of asbestos asbestos-containing material*: amended fibers by reducing the impact of the apray on water penetrate* more effectively than plain the material to be removed. Airless sprayers water and permit* more thorough soaking of are inexpensive end readily available. ` the asbestos-containing material*. Welting . Portable Shower. Unless the site has the asbestos-containing material reduce* the available a permanent shower facility that it number of fiber* that will break free and contiguous to the removal area, a portable became airborne when the asbestos* shower system is necesstory to permit containing material it handled or otherwise employees to clean themselves after disturbed. Asbestos-containing material* exposure to asbestos and to remove any should be thoroughly soaksd before removal asbestos contamination from their hair and ia attempted: the dislodged material should bodies. Taking a shower prevents employees feel spongy to tbs touch..Wetting agents are from leaving the work area with asbestos on generally prepared by mixing 1 lo 3 ounces of their dothes snd thus prevents the spread of . wetting agent to S gallons of water. asbestos contamination la anas outside the One type of asbestos, smosite. U relatively . asbestos removal area This measure alia resistant to soaking, cither with plain or protects members of the families of asbestos amended water. The work practices of choice workers from possible exposure to aabeatoa when working with smosite containing Showers should be supplied with warm water matcriat are to soak the material aa much as and a drain. A shower water filtration system passible snd then to bag it for disposal to filler asbestos fiber* from tha shower, immediately after removal, so that the water ia recommended. Portable shower units material ha* no time to dry and be ground ate readily.available. Inexpensive, and easy Into smaller oartides that are more likelv to to install and transport. liberate sirhome asbestos. Respirators. Employee* involved in In a very limited number of situations, it asbestos removal protects should be provided may not be possible to wet the asbestos* with appropriate NIOSH-approved containing materioi before removing it. respirators. Selection of the appropriate Examples of such rare situations are: (1) respirator should be based on the concentration of asbestos fibers in the wor area. If the concentrelion.afasbestos fibers unknown, employees should be provided ~ with respirators thtt will provide protection agawtl the highest concentration of asbeste; fibers that can reasonably be expected lo exist in the work area. For moat work withri an enclosure, employees should wear half* mask dual-filter cartridge respirator*. Disposable fact mask respirators (airr ,3 should not he used to protect empic-. - * exposure to asbestos fibers. Disposable Coveralls. Employees involve) in asbestos removal operations should be provided with disposable impervious coveralls that are equipped with head and foot covers. Such coveralls ore typically mad* of Tyvek.1 Tha coverall has a zipper front and elastic wrists and ankles. Signs and Labels. Before work begins, a supply of signs to demarcate tha entrance < the work area should be obtained. Signs ar< available that have the wording required by the final OSHA standard. The required lab* are also commercially available as press-01 labels snd pre-printed on the e-mil polyethylene plastic bag* used to dispose 01 asbestos-containing waste material Preparing the Work Area Preparation for constructing negativepressure enclosures should begin with the removal of all movable objects from the wo area. e.g.. desk*, chair*, rugs, and light fixtures, to ensure that these objects do not become contaminated with aiheatoe. Whet, movable objects are contaminated or ere suspected of being contaminated, they sbou be vacuumed with a HEPA vacuum and , cleaned with amended water, unless they S' made of material that will be damaged by t welting agent; wiping with plain water is recommend in those cases whereamended water will riemaae the ohtret. Before the asbestos removal work hegms. objects that 1 Maalloa Of trad* or rrwm.rrT.| product, does ore oonnuuis andanemanx nr lot ltMj 7_?A BIRD 011906 22778 Federal Kegiater h VoL 511 No. lia- h Friday, June 20, 1968 / Rule* and- RagulatLaca- cannot tx removed {ram dm work area should b covered wilh.a.a.siil'-thick polyethylene pUslursheeting-tUat la securely taped witfcdud tape orplaatietapa to sebieva samir-tlght-ssal'sreundlthe object CoMttueUttg'tba Endomm Whea.all'abjecta Have cither been removed from tha-work area or covered with plastic, all penatnulona of the door, waUa^aiid ceiling ahouid be.(aaisd.with.a.m>rRatyathyIene plaatic and:tape to preventairborne aabeatca from escaping Into areaa outside,ihs work area of frunplbdging in erackaaraund the penstratlanacPanetzediou'tiialteqpira sealing,ana typically bund axound'alectcical conduits. telephone,wires. and watar supply and dtain pipes. A-singla-entrance to be used for access snd'egpeM to-tha work area ahouid be selected, and all other doors andiwindows should be saalad with tape or.be covered with O-mil polyethylene plaatin sheeting and securely taped. Covering windows and unnecessary doors with a layer of polyethylene before covering tha walla provides a second layer af protectiaruand. eaves time in Instailslion because it reduces tha number of edges that must be cut and taped. All other lurfacea such as support columns, Icdgts. pipes, and other surfaces should-aiso-Urcovered with polyethylene plastic ahaadog aad:taped before the.walla Ihamatlves-are completely covcred'with ahectingr Next a-thin.layer ofaprey adhesive should be sprayedelOng the-top of all walla surroundhig'tba'cadoaaid work area, data tothe waU^cetling-intetfaaes and a layer af polyethyleas-piaslla-sheeting should be stuck to thieedhsalve-aadUsped. The-entire inside surfaces of oilwallamas are covered'in-thle manner, and the sheeting over the-walls it' extendsdacrosa-thr floor area-until it'msetr in the center of-the-aroa. where-it- ia-taped' to form a tinglsleyerofmateriel encasing iheentire roonrexceptfbr tha ceiling; fi final' layer of plastic sheeting is theniaid'acxosr the ptaaticicovered floor ares and-up.the walls to a levefof2 feeror so: this layer provides a'eecond'protectlve layer ofplastla heoling overthe-floor; which can than be removed and disposed of aasily after the asbestos-containing matarialtbat has dropped to the floor haa,becn bagged-'and removed. Building Hygiana fadiiliet Paragraph (j).of-the final a'andhrd mandates that emptoyersinvolvad in asbestos removal, demolition, arrenouatimr operations provide their employees with hygiene fadlitiastvbe used todacontaminate a*bsslas-expoaed-woikara..aquipmentl and clothing beforaiaudi employees ianve the work area. Thasa.dhcantaminatian facilities consist of: (1) A dean change room: (2) Ashowerrand (3) An equipment room. The dean change room la an area in which employees remove their street dothes and don their respirators and disposable protective dothing. The clean room ahouid have hooka on the wall or be equipped with lackers forthe storage of worker*' clothing and personal articles. Extra disposable coveralls and-tnwala.can.also be alored in the dean change mom. Tha showsrshaulcfbc contiguous with both the dean amlidirtytrchanga room (sea Figure F~3) and should be used by all workers leaving the work area-The sbowar ahouid alto ba uscdtto.clean aabeatoa-contaminated equipment sad'materials.jtueikat the outsides of asbestos waste btgp-end'hand tools used hrtha removafprocess: - WINOOWl AMO DOOM COVCftCD WITH PUASTiC Same CPA IMS. Asbestos Waste Menatesseat Cuiilsaos (EPA/Oe-SW-e*-eo7), figure r-il. Cutaway Visw ofCadMun sod Hygisoe Fadlitiss The equipmentToom-(sljo csiled'tHe dirty change room) la the acres where worker* temove-thalrproteallve-ooverelft-andlwligre? equipment thatistobe-usedUh the work-area can be stored! The:*quipmenVroom-HouM'be lined with-S-aiil-thick polyethylene-plasUohceling-in-tht-same-way-as wordone-in-the work area enclosure. Two layers of 9-mil polyethylene plastic-sheeting that are oat taped together fronr-a-double-flap-or barrier between the equipment raum-and tha.work area and between the shower-and'the.dean change roam (soo.Figure.F--I). 7-25 BIRD 011907 /*.}*.&*<* s Federal Register / Vol. 51. No. 110 / Friday. June 20.1986 / Ruler and Regulationa i 22779 I I | \{ I Work Area I I | j I FVuihTo . F.L^p. 1 1 Equipment Room Double Flap j T --i--!--r Shower P?yj?Xgll Elap " --T Clean Change Room . Double Flap ----1---------- T1 --j Flaw* F-L Typical Hygiane Facility Layout When feasible. theclean change roam, ihower. and equipment roam ihould be caoliguou* and adjacent to the negative* preiaure endoatua aurrounding the removal area, in the overwhelming number of case*, bygiene facitida* can be baiit contiguoua to the nagettve-praasure oodoaure. la taunt caaea, however, hypes* fadliUea may have to ba located on anotfarr floor ofthe building where removal ofaabeatca-contcitung material* ia taking plica, in tfaeaa instances, the hygiene Udlilic* can in effect ba made to be contiguo.ua to the work area by conatructiagapolythyUaa pioaUc "tunnelTM from tha work ana to the hygiene facilities Such a tunnel can ba made even in caaea where tha hygiane fadlitie* are located aevaral (loan above or below the worker**; the tunnel begun with a double flap door at the endoaure. axtenda through the exit from the floor, continue* down tha neceaaary number of flight* of alette end goal through a double-flap entrance to the hygiene fadttUes. which have been prepared os described above. The tunoai I* constructed ofZ-tnch by 4-inch lumbar or aluminum itruU and covered with 8-tull-thick polyethylene plastic sheeting. . In.tha rare initoncee when there ia not enough apace (a permit any hygiane fedliUo* (o be built (I (he work tile, employees ehould bn directed to chance into a clean dupoaable work*ult immediately after exiting the endaiure (without removing their reepiretore) end to proceed immediately to the thower. Altemetively. employee! could be directed to vacuum their diapoaabla coveralla with a HEPA-filtered vacuum before proceeding to a ihower located a diatance from the enclosure. The clean room, ihower, and equipment room mult be aealed completely to eniura that the tola tourca of air flow through theie areaa originate* from unconuminated area* outiida the aibeito* removal, demolition, or -Irenovation encloaur*. The thower muit be drainid properly after each uie to eniura that contaminated water ia not releaaed to uncontaminated areaa. If waate water ia Inadvertently releaaed. U ihould be cleaned up aa *oon at poaatbla to prevent any aabeeto* in the water from drying and becoming airborne ia areaa outiidc the wade area. Establishing Negative Pressure Within the j Enclosure I After coaatructian of the endoaare (a completed, a ventilation *y*tem(*J ihould he > InataUod to create a negative preiaure within ; the endaiure with leaped to tha area outalda _/ tha enclosure. Such ventilation ayatema must be equipped with HEPA filter* to prevent the relaaju of aibcatoe Qhen to tha environment^* ouuida the endoaure end ihould ba operated:! Z4 hour* per day during tha entire project Jm until the final deanup ia completed and the reeulta offinal air aamplaa are racaived from tha laboratory.-A auifident amount of air should ba exhauated to meats a preiaure of j --002 Indsea of water within tha andoaure ' with teapact to the ana autaide tha endaiure. The** ventilation ayatema ihould exhaust j the HEPA-filtered dean air outaide the i building in which the aabcatoa removal. 1 demolition. or renovation ia taking place (aea Figure F-S). if acoea* to tha outaide ia not , available. tha ventilation ayaiam can exhaut the KEPA-filtered **be*to*-ree air to an art j within the building that is as far away as possible from the endoaure. Care should be Ukea to ensure that the clean air i* released either to an aabe*ioa-free area or In uch a way aa not to disturb-any esbeitos- cantaimng malarial*. n 1 ) ( 7-26 *9 J BIRD 011908 i i f ; 5 i m \; .( 22780 Federal Register / Vol 51. No. 119 / Friday, June 20, 1988 / Riilea and Regulations .A samples should be collected from those B workers who can reasonably tie expected to have tha highest potential exposure to asbestos. Soucc EPA IMS. Guidance fee CaotroUisg Ashastns Ccnlainfag wmlili [a InilHInt* (EPA S*a/*i*5- Flfn M. Exsxipls* ef WE*rt* Pressure i|m> DF. Dsaoslsiijaatisa Fsdlity; EU, Exhaust Uail; WA. Wosfcse Access: A. tilth wine wosk srs* with mridpis windows: 1. Bulww wosk eras with single window mi KtMW! C. Lug* daxWrooes Mode m with wlndsw* sad suxUlssy bAiit si* tame* (doasd strew). Ann dsaole diinctiee ef ait flaw. diclad sunt-- Indicate fnjtwilw ol naonl A manometer or pressure gauge for wasming the negative pressure within tha enclosure ahould be instilled and abnuld be monitored frequently throughout all work shift* during which aabeitor removal, demolition, or renovation takas place. Several typea ofstanameten and pressure gauges are avauaoie for tins purpose. All atbtttot removal, renovation, and demolition operation* ahould have a program for monitoring the concentration of airborne labeltoa and employee exposure! to ashesb)t.-Atea earnplea ahould be collected Inside the enclosure (approximately four samples for 5000 square feet of enclosure area). At least two samples should be coUseted outside tha work area, one at the intranet to tha clean change room and one at the exhaust of tha portable -ventilation system. In addition, several breathing zona Removing AsbestosMaterials Paragraph (e](8](ii) requires that employers Involved In asbestos removal, demolition, or renovation operations designate e competent person to: (1) Set up the enclosure: (2) Ensure the integrity of the enclosure; (31 Control entry to and exit from the enclosure; (4) Supervise all employee exposure monitoring required by this section: (5) Ensure the use of protective clothing and equipment; (B) Ensure that employees are trained in the usa of engineering controls, work practices, and personal protective equipment: (7) Ensure the use-af hygiene facilities and the observance ofproper decontamination procedures: and (B) Ensure that engineering contests are functioning properly. The competent person will generally be a Certified Industrial Hygienist, an industrial hygienist with training and experience In the handling of asbestos, or a person who has . such training and experience as a result of on-the-job training and experience. Ensuring the Integrity of the enclosure is accomplished by inspecting the enclosure before asbestos removal work begin* sod priorto each work shift throughout the entire period work is being conducted in the enclosure. The inspection should be conducted by locating aU areas where air might escape bom the enclosure; this la beat accomplished by running a band over ell seams in the plastic enclosure to ensure that, no seams are ripped end the tape it securely' In place. The competent person should Uo ensure that all unauthorized personnel do not enter the enclosure and that all employees and other personnel who enter the enclosure have the proper protective daubing snd equipment. He or*be should also ensure that all employees and other personnel who enter the enclosure use the hygiene facilities snd observe the proper decontamination procedures (described below). Proper work practices are necessary during asbestos removal, demolition, and renovation to ensure that the concentration of asbestos fibers inside the enclosure remains as law as possible. One ofthe mast important work prscticc* ta to wet the asbestos-containing material before it ta disturbed. After the ashestot-cmnaim'ng materiel is thoroughly wetted. It should be removed by scraping (as in the case ofaptayed-on or Uoweled-oc ceiling materiel) orremoved by cutting the metal bands or wire mesh that support tha asbestos-containing material on boilers or pipes. Any residue that remains on tha surface of tha abject 6omwhich asbestos is being removed should be wire brushed and . wet wiped. Bat*in* ashestaa wsaia msturfsl jwmntlw after its removal 1* snothtr work practice control that la effective in reducing tha airborne concentration ofasbestos within tha 7-Z7 BIRD 011909 ^i..j.fMi* .3.r e ^vuw'^*ca^u .OL^Av;'jsvSs'v'..-a.A.'' 'Vv4-/;:^.wus.uvv .f.Vi. .ws*. ,.*.>.< -..^ i a. >,,a4j - *':-s--.u- }t l Federal Regt*ee / VoL 51, No. 119 / Friday. Junc 2Q, 1986 / Rule* and Regulations______ 22701 endows*. Whenever pottlbie, the esbceto* ebould be removedand pieced directly into b*|t for disposal rather than dropping the material to tba floor and picking up all of the material when the removal it complete. If a significant amount of dm* elapeet between the Uma that the material 1* removed and the time it it bagged, the aabeatoa material it likely to dry out and generate aabeatoe4aden duet when it it diiturbad by people working within the todoture. Any atbeatos- conteminttcd tuppliet and equipment that cannot be decontaminated should be ditpoted ofin pre-lebciad bags; iletnt hi tbit category include pleetic theeting, ditpoteble work clothing, reepiralor cartridge*, and contaminated wan water. A checklitt la one of the mod effective methode of ensuring adequate surveillance of ` the integrity of tba aebeatoe removal endoture. Such a checklist la thown In Figure F-4. Filling out the checklitt at the beginning of each thill in which atbeetea removal la being performed will terra to document that all the nectsaary precautions will be taken during the aabeatoa removal work. The checklitt comaina entries for eaturing that: * a Tha work ana endoture is complete: * The negttive-preiaur* tytiera it la * operation: * (decenary tigni and label* are used: % aoxwa cooc ttw-w-u i t J I 3 BIRD 011910 22782 . . .. Fedanl RagiaUr / VoL SI. No. 119 / Friday; June 20.1966 / Rules arid Regulationa Asbestos Removal, Renovation, and Demolition Checklist Date: 2_!_________ . Location: ^__ supervisor ' Project # _______________' Work Area (sq. ft.) _ I. Work site barrier Floor covered . yes No ' ________ Walls covered Area ventilation off All edges sealed , Penetrations sealed Entry curtains _____ ___ _____ _____ _____ __ __ __ __ __ II. Negative Air Pressure HEPA Vac ______ Ventilation system Constant operation "u Negative pressure achieved . III. Signs Work area entrance Bags labeled IV. Work Practices Removed material promptly bagged Material worked wet HEPA vacuum used No smoking No eating, drinking Work area cleaned after completion Personnel decontaminated each departure V. Protective Equipment ' Disposable clothing used one time Proper NIOSH-approved respirators VII. Showers on site Functioning Soap and towels Used by all personnel _____ _____ __ __ _____ __ _____ __ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ __ __ __ ___ ` __ _____ _____ __ __ _____ _____ _____ _____ __ __ __ KUJMO COO, Figure F-6. Checklist 7-.19 BIRD 011911 Federal Register / VoL SI, No. 119 / Friday. June 20, 1986 / Rules and Regulations 22783 Appropriate work practices are used: Ntccassry protective clothing and equipment art uiedt and -Appropriate decontamination procedures are being followed. Cleaning the Work Area After all of the aabeatoa-contalning material U removed and bagged, the entire work area thouid be cleaned until it ia free of all viaible asbestot dual. All aurfaces from . which atbeatoi haa been removed ahould be cleaned by wire bruahing the surfaces. HEPA vacuuming these surface*, end wiping them wi th amended water. The inside ofthe plsstic enclosure should be vacuumed with a HEPA vacuum and wet wiped until than ia.no visible duat in (ho enclosure. Particular attention should b given to small horizontal surfaces such as pipes, electrical conduits, lights, and support tracks fordrop ceilings. All such surfaces should b* free of visible dost before the final air samples are collected. Additional sampling should be conducted Inside the enclosure after the cleanup of the work area haa been completed. Approximately four area samples should be collected for etch 3000 square feet of enclosure area. The enclosure should not be dismantled unless the final samples show asbestos concentrations of less than the fiiu.. standard's sedon level. EPA recommends that a clearance level of(LOT f/cc be achieved before cleanup is considered complete. -vl A clearance checklist Is an effective jj method ofensuring that all surfaces are adequately cleaned and tha enclosure is ready to be dismantled. Figure F-7 shows a US checklist that can ba used during the final' W inspection pbstt ofasbestos abatement. " removal, or renovation operations. SUJLHM COOC 4>W-SS-at 3 7-00-. i BIRD 011912 -< -li. v. .i. A' .V'A *.W AV.is. :..A it>*, . ._' > ..sv-Wt*.' / I 22784 FArrrPj^jf / VoLSl. No. llfl / Friday, June 20.1880 P Rale and: Rgguistlon Pinal Inspection of Asbestos Removal. Renovation', and Demolition Projects .Date: Project: Location: Building: CHECKLIST: I Residual dust on: Yes Wo a. Floor _____ __ -b. Horizontal surfaces _____ __ c. Pipes ' _____ __ l d. Ventilation equipment _____ __ e. Horizontal surfaces f.. Pipes * g. Ducts h. Register i. * Lights Yes , "No _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ __ __ __ __ __ y < FIELD NOTES: Record any problems encountered here. J i FINAL AIR SAMPLE RESULTS: MU1MG COOC 4S1fr>M-C Figure F-7." Clearance Checklist t sal !I 7-31 BIRD 011913 *'/' tvi... Federal Register / Vol. 51.- No. 119 / Friday. June 20, 19B6 / Rules and Regulations 22785 Appendix G to 11K8-5*--Work Practices end engineering CnntrnU for Smell-Scale. Short-Ouration Asbestos Rsnovslion and Meintenaac* ActiviU----Non-Mandatory This appendix is not mandatory, in that construction industry employers may choose to comply with all of the requirements of OSHA't final rule for occupational exposure ' to asbestos In the construction industry. I lBZ&sa. However, employers wishing to be exempted from the requirements of ' paragraphs (e|(6) and (0{2]|li|(fl) or 1192&S8 lhalt comply with the provisions of this appendix when performing small-scale, shortduration renovation or maintenance activities. OSHA sntidpates that employers in the electrical. carpentry, utility, plumbing, and interior construction trades may with to svtii themselves of the final standard's exemptions far small-scale, short-duration renovation end-maintenance operations. Definition ofSmall-Scale. Short-Duration Activities For the purposes of this appendix, smallscale. short-duration renovation and maintenance activities ere tasks such ee. but not limited to: . Removal of asbeslps-conlaining insulation on pipes; Removal of smell quantities or asbestos- containing insulation an beams or above ceilings; Replacement of an asbestos-containing gasket on a vulve Installation or removal of a smell section oldrywail: * Insinuation ofelectrical conduits through or proximate to asbestos-containing materials. Evidence in the record (see the Summary and Explanation section of the preamble for paragraph (g|. Methods ofCompliance, for specific citations) suggests that the use of certain engineering and work practice controls is captble of reducing employee exposures to asbestos to levels below the final standard's action level |0.1 f/cc). Several controls sad work practices, used either singly or in combination, can be employed effectively to reduce asbestos exposures during small maintenance and renovation operations. These include: Wet methods; ' _ Removal methods. --Use of Clave bags --Removal of atitIre asbestos insulated pipes or structures --Use of mini-enclosures Enclosure of asbestos materials: and Maintenance programs. This appendix describes these controls snd work practices in detail. Preparation ofthe Area Before Renovation or Maintenance Activities The first step in preparing to perform a small-scale, short-duration tsbestas renovation or maintenance task, regardless of the abatement method that will be used, is the removsl from the work area of all objects that are movable to protect them from asbestos contamination. Objects that cannot be removed must be covered completely with a O-mil-thick polyethylene plastic sheeting before the task begin*. Ifobjects hsve already been contaminated, they should be thoroughly cleaned with a High Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) filtered vacuum or be wet wiped before they tre/emaved from the work area or completely encased in the plastic. Wet Methods Whenever feasible, and regardless of the abatement method to be used (e.g- removal, enclosure; Cue-of glove bags), wet methods mutt be used during small-scale, short duration maintenance end renovuljon activities that involve disturbing asbestoscontaining materials. Handling asbesloa materials wet it one of the most reliable methods of ensuring that asbestos fibers da not became airborne, snd.this practice should therefore be used whenever feasible. As discussed in the Summary and Explanation section of the preamble for paragraph (g). Methods of Compliance, wet methods can be used in the great majority of workplace situations. Only in cases where asbestos work must be performed an live electrical equipment, on live steam lines, or in other trees where water wilt seriously damage materisis or equipment may dry removal be performed. Amended water or anotherwetting agent should be applied by meant of sn airless sprayer to minimize the extent to which the asbestos-containing mslerial is disturbed. Asbestos-containing materisis should be wetted from the initiation of the maintenance or renovation operation and wetting agents j should be used continually throughout the watk period to ensure that any dry tsbeslos- containing material exposed in the course of the work is wet and remains wet until final** disposal.. ,;9 Removal ofSmall Amount ofAsbestosContaining Materials Several method* can be used to remove small amounts of asbestos-containing materials during smalt-acale. short-duralloriJj renovation or maintenance tasks. These include the use of glove bags, the removal of an entire aabeatoa-covered pipe or structun and the construction of raini-endoaures.Tt - I procedures that employers must use for em.- > of these ooerationa if they wish la avail themselves of the final rule's exemptions are . described in the following sections. j dove Bags > As discussed in the Summary and Explanation section of the preamble for paragraph (gj, Methods of Compliance. j evidence-in the record indicate that the use | glove bags toenclose the work ares during small-scale, short-duration maintenance or renovation activities will result in employe ] exposures to asbestos that are below the 1 final standard's action level of o.J f/cc Thi--' appendix provides requirements for glove- bag procedures to be followed hy employer^- wishing to avail themselves of the standarc .`1 exemptions far each activities. OSHA has determined that the use of these proced' will reduce the S hour time weighted av . <e (TWA) exposures of employees involved icgf these work operations to levels below the j action level and will thus provide a degree _ 1 employee protection-equivalent to that provided by-compliance with all provisions of the final rule. ' j Clove Bag Installation. Clove bags are { approximately 40-inch-wide timet M-inch- long bags fitted with arms through which the work can be performed (see'Figure G-l(A); ; When properly installed and used, they permit worken to remain completely isala.__ from the asbestos material removed or replaced inside the bag. Clove bags can thus provide a flexibite. easily installed, and quickly dismantled temporary small work area enclosure that is ideal far small-scale atbestos renovation or maintenance jobs. 3 7--"l BIRD 011914 22788 aagfrtar / VdL SI. No. lia / Friday, June 20, 1886 / Ruiea and Regulations i U) (8} Fieura G-t. Oiazrsiia Shuwiat Fuapw Uh of Glava Baft in ScnoH-Scalo. Shot*Duraia MaiaUatoca aof JUoavadaa Qpaniioaa. These baja ore tingle use control device* that ore diapased of at ih* end of each job. The bag* at* made of transparent 6-miI-thick polyethylene plastic with ens* of Tyvek * material (the tame material used to raaha the duposable protective suits uad in major asbestos removal, renovation, and demolition operations and In protective (loves). Glove bag* are readily available from safety supply stores or specialty asbestos removal supply houses. Glove bags come pro-labeled with the asbestos warning label prescribed by OSHA and EPA Tor bags used to dispose ofasbestos waste. Clove Bag Equipment and Supplies. Supplies and material* that arenscattary to use (lava baga affectively include: (11 Tape to seal (he glovt bag to the area from which tbsbastoa is to be removed: (2) Amended water or other wetting agents; <3j An aides* sprayer for tht application of the wetting agent: " Mention el (rads nams or conunsxciai products doss not coruuruta andnrarnwnt or cacoauMndattoA tor uaa. (4) Bridging encapaulant (a paate-lilce substance for coating asbestos) to seal the rough tdges of any asbestos-containing materials that remain within the (lava bag at the points of attachment after the rest of the asbestos ha* be removed; (5) Tools such as razor knives, nips, and wire brushes (or other tools suitable for culling wire, etc); (0) A HEPA filter-equipped vacuum for evacuating the glove bag (to minimize the release of asbestos fibers) during removal of tha bag from the work area and for cleaning any material that may have escaped during the installation of the glova bag; and (7) HEPA-equipped dust cartridge respirators for use by tha employees involved in the removal of asbestos with tha (love bag. Clove Bag Work Practices. The proper use of glove bags requires the following steps: (1) Clove bags rnuat be Inatailed to that they completely caver tha pipe orother vsTavvwsv inx u SSkCSivS rruljv ! iu n kuuc. Glove baga are Instailed by cutting the aidea of the (love bag to fit the aixe of tha pipe from which aabaataa ia to ba remavad-The glove - bag is attached to the pipe by folding the open tdges together aiut.iecqrcly sealing them, with tape. Ail openingt in the gtove bag must be sealed with duct tape or equivalent material. The bottom seam of the glove bag 'must also be sealed with duct lap* or equivalent to prevent any leakage from tha beg that may result from a defect in the bottom seam (Figure G-1(B)). (2) Tha employee who is performing the asbestos removal with the glove bag must don a half mask dual-cartridge HEPAequipped respirator; respirators should be * worn by employees who are in close contact with the glove bag and who may thus be exposed us a result of small gaps in the seams of the bag or holes punched through the bag by a razor knife or a piece of wire mesh. (3) The removed asbestos material from the pipe or other surface that has fallen into the enclosed bag must be thoroughly wetted with a watting agent (applied with on airless sprayer through the pre-cut port provided in most gloves hags or applied through a small hole cut in the bag) (Figure C--1(C)). (4) Once the asbestos material hat been thoroughly wetted, it can be removed from the pipe, beam or other surface. Tha choice of tool to use to remove the asbestos-containing material depends on tht type of matensl to be removed. Asbestos-containing materials are generally covared with painted canvas tnd/ar wire mash. Fainted canvas can be cut 'with a razor knife and peeled away from the asbestos-containing material underneath. Once the canvas has been peeled away, the asbestos-containing material underneath may be dry. in which case it should be re-sprayed with a wetting agent to ensure that it generates as little dust as possible when removed, if tha aabestoa-containing material ia covered with wire mesh, the mesh should be cut witlrnipt. tin snips, or other appropriate tool end removed. A welting agent must then be used to spray ,, any layer of dry material that ia exposed beneath the mesh, the surface of the stripped underlying structure, and the inside of the glove bag. (5) After removal of the layer of asbestoscontaining materiel, the pipe or surface from which asbestos has been removed must be thoroughly cleaned with a wire brush and wet wiped with t wetting agent until no traces of the asbestos containing`material can be seen. (6) Any asbeatoa containing insulation edges that have been exposed as a result of the removal or maintenance activity musj be encapsulated with bridging encapaulant to ensure that the edges do not release usbestas fibers to the atmosphere after the glove bag hat been removed. (7) When the asbestos removal and encapsulation have been completed, a vacuum hose from a HEPA filtered vacuum muat be inserted Into the glove bag through the port to remove any air in the bag that may contain asbestos fiber*. When the sir has been removed from the bag; the bag *uuuiu Le iquccscu (iguttjr {ax cicj&ff (O til* top at possible). twisted, and seeled.with tape, to keep the asbeatoa materials safely ia the bottom of the bag. Tht HEPA vacuum can BIRD 011915 Federal 'Register J VoL SX, 'No. .118 -t Friday. June 20. i960 / Rules and .Regulations 22787 Him) be.remavedjEroai'thtJbagiaiulSbe-.gloae . Top Tits Side Ties bag itseif-aan h.removedfratn the.work uu to b* disposed of properly (Figure G-1(D)). vacua* hole (2) Covering tha floor with -plastic and reeling the plastic covering theflaor to the plastic.anilhe walla. (3| Sealing aoyjirnaltallflni such as pipei^J orelootricaljcocduiu wilh.upc and V| Ml Constructingasmall change room * (approximately 3 fcat-Jsquure) made of6-tnil- thiek polyothylenr pleaunsupported by 2- inch by 4-incli.lumbar (tha plaatic should be^j attached ta-the lumber-supports with stapleijj or spray adhesive and tape). The change roam should be contiguous to the mini enclosure, and is-necessary to allow theworker to vacuum off bit-protective coveralls and remove them beforeleaving tl work area. While inside the endature. the worker should wear Tyrek1 disposable coveralls and uaethe appropriate HEPA filtered.dual cartridge respiratory protection The advantages of mini-enclosures are the they limit the'sprtad of asbestoa contamination, reduce the potential exposure of bystanders and other workers who may b working in adjacent areas, and are quick an. easy to install. Tha disadvantage of mini- enclosure* Is that they may be too small .to contaia tha squipment .necessary tocreate a negative presauce within the enclosure: however, the doublelayer of plaatic sheeting will serve to restrict tha releaseofasbestos ~ fibers to the area outside the enclosure. -Mastic Mastic curtain Curtain \ . "rr 1 41 1 Uork II Chan?* 1 Arc* II *00* l II 4 II 1 II 1------------- 1 l ill 1 .Cgutlonl 1 11 1 Cor talas] 1 * II 1Atbests*J .1 11 1 1 .1 ' ii 1 *' 4J 1 H1 11. 1 ir J if ----------- 2L- figure GrC. Schsmatlc of Minl-anrinsure Mrhi-Endosures la ua* such a* removal of abaatoa-from-a-small ventilation ayttent.or ifoci-a abort lengtb-of duct a glov* -bagmay not be eitherlarge saough or of ihc.proper abapa la-etyrinsa ilia woefcaxea.Jn such cam. a -mint-amlmura-can -bshulliaround tha area arham snaill-wele. short-duratioe aabestoarealalanaare or renavlloa work ta ' to ha performed (Figure-C-uJ-Such-an- encloauta ihouldbacncstruciad of e-milthick polyethylene plaatlc ahaating and.cari b araall enoughJo restrict entry to the asbestos wosiemree tonne wEtkar. Farexample.jrmini-snclosure.eanl>* kullt in a srotHtiUlIlycleaot-whan aabaatre. * coataiolng duct-cavafing-Ta-ta be-removed. The enclaiure la eonetrunudbjc (IhAinxlmjUallcahaeltnglo tha-wall* with apray.adheaiva.aiid tape; Removal ofEntire Structures T When pipes are-insulated with asbestos- -J containing materials, removal of the entire pipe may be.more protective, easier, and mare cost-effective than stripping the asbestos Insulation-from tha pipc..Ecfore such a:pipe is cut. the asbestos-containing insulation must be wrapped with ft-mll polyethylene plastic and securely sealed with duct tape-orequivalenLThis plastic covering will prevent asbestos fibers from becoming airborne as a reault-of.lhe-vibration created by the power saws used to cut the pipe. If possible, the-pipes'diauld'be cut at locations that sue sot insulated to avoid disturbing'the asbestos. If a pipe la completely insulated with asbestos-containing materials, small lections should t stripped using the glovebag method described-above before the pipe is cut at the stripped sections. Enclosure The decision to enclose rather than remove asbestos-containing material from an area depends an the budding owner's preference. ~| l.e, for removalor containment. Owner* consider such factors as cost effectiveness, ihe physical configuration of the work area. ... and aha amountof traffic in.thejrea when I determining which abatamenl method to-use.J tfiha awnsr choosesJo enclose-the structure rather than Inremove the asbestoscontaining material Insulating it a solid structure (airtight walla and ceilings] must be ;.built around the asbestos covered -pipe or i(mature to preventthazdaaae.afasbettoacomaiding matariaUllnlo tha area beyond.the enclosure and to-amvanldi*lurfaiaih* ,, 1 MeotLaa oftsada asmes or mrrjt****-i.i pmrinna doss sal nsslliuls smtissssisnl iw recommendation foe as*. 7-34 BIRD 011916 22783 Federal RegUter / VoL 51-, No. 119 / Friday. June 20. 1986 / jRuleg and Regulations materials by casual contact during future maintenance operation*. Such a permanent (i.e^ Tor the life o' the buildingl endaeurt should be built of new Not to drill hole* in aabestat-contalning . materials: Not to hang plants or pictures on structures covered with asbestos-containing construction material* and should be impact resistant and airtight.enclosure wall* should be made of tongue-tnd-froov* boards, materials: Not to sand asbestos-containing floor tile: boards with spine joints, or gypsum bosrd* Not to damage aabeatas-containing having taped letms. The underlying structure materials white moving furniture or other must be sble to support the weight of the endosur*. (Suspended ceiling* with laid in objects: Not to install curtains, drapes, or panels do not provide airtight enclosures end dividers in such a way that they damage should not ha used In enclose structures - asbestos-containing materials: covered with asbestos-containing materials.) Not to dust floors, ceilings, molding* or , All joints between the walla and ceiling of other surfaces in asbestos-contaminated the enclosure should be caulked to prevent environments with s dry brush or sweep-with the escape of asbestos fiber*. Curing the s dry broom: installation of enclosures, tools that are used Not to use an ordinary vacuum to dean (such as drills or rivet tools) should be up asbestos-containing debris: equipped with HEPA-filtered vacuums. Nat to remove ceiling tiles below Hefurt constructing the enclosure, all asbestos-containing materials without . electoral conduit*, telephone lines, recessed wearing the proper respiratory protection, lights, and pipes in the are* to be enclosed should be moved to ensure that the endosure will not have to be reopened later for routine or emergency maintenance. If such lights or other equipment cannot be moved to a new location farlogistic reasons, or if moving clearing the area ofother people, and observing asbestos removal waste disposal procedures: Not to remove ventilation system filters dryland ' Not to shake ventilation system filters. them will disturb the asbestos-containing materials, removal rather than endosure of the asbestos-containing material* is tha appropriate control method to use. Appendix H to i 1S2U>---Substance Technical Information for Asbestos. Noo' Mandatory' I. Substanca Identification Maintenance Program A. Substance: "Asbestos" is the name of a An asbestos maintenance program must be class of magnesium-silicate mineral* that initiated in all facilities that have asbestos- occur in fibrous form. Mineral* that are containing materials. Such program should induded in this group are chrysolite, indude: Development of an inventory of alt asbestos-containing materials in (he -facility: Periodic examination of all asbestos- containing materials to detset deterioration: crocidalile, smositc. antbophyliitc asbestos, tremolite asbestos, and aednoiite asbestos. ' B. Asbestos, tremolite. anthophyliite. and uctinolile are used in the manufacture of heat-resistant dothing, automotive brake and Written procedure* for handling asbestos dutch linings, and a variety of building materials during the performance of small- materials induding floor tiles, roofing felt*, scale. short-duration maintenance and ceiling tiles, asbestos-cement pipe end sheet renovation activities; - and fire-resistant drywall. Asbestos, .- Written procedures for asbestos tremolite. anthophyliite and actinolite are disposal; and alto pretext in pipe and bailer insulation Written procedures for dealing with materials, and in sprayed-on material* asbestos-related emergencies. located an beams, in crawlcpaces. and Members of the building's maintenance engineering staff (electricians, heating/air between walls. C The potential for an asbestos-containing conditioning engineers, plumbers. elc.| who product to release breathable fibers depend* may be required to handle ssbestos- on its degres of friability. Friable mean* that contaming materials should be trained in safe the material can be crumbled .with hand procedures. Such training'Should indude at a pressure and is' therefore likely to emit fibers. minimum: Information regarding types of asbestos The fibrous or Huffy sprayed-on materials used for fireproofing, insulation, or sound and its various uses and forms: proofing are considered to be friable, and Information an the health effects associated with asbestos exposure; Descriptions of the proper methods of handling asbestos-containing materials: and they readily release airborne fiber* if disturbed. Materials such as vinyl-ssbestos floor tile or roofing fells tre considered nonfriable and generally do not emit airborne Information on Ihe.usc of HEPA- fibers unless subjected to rending or sawing equipped dual cartridge respiratory and other operations. Aihestos.eeinent pipe or sheet personal protection during maintenance activities. can emit airborne fibers if the materials an cut or sawed, or if they are broken during Prohibited Activities The training program for the maintenance engineering staffshould describe methods of handling asbeslof-conieimng materials at well ae routine maintenence activities that tea pr^hibllid uttan aattaalne.^nntainin* materials are involved. Far example, demolition operations. D. Permissible exposure: Exposure to airborne asbestos, tremolite. aothophyllite, and actinolite fiber* may not exceed 0.2 fibers per cubic centimeler of air (0-2 f/cc) averaged over the ft-hour workday. IL Health Hazard Data maintenance stsff employees should be A. Asbsstot, tremolite. anthophyliite, and instructed: acunolitefcan etust disabling respiratory disease and various types of cancers if the fibers are inhaled. Inhaling or ingeiting-fibera from contaminated clothing or skin ran alto result in these diseases. The symptoms of these diseases generally do not appear for 20 or more years after initial exposure. a Exposure to asbeslos.-lremoliie. anthophyliite and actinolite hat been shown to cause lung cancer, mesothelioma, and cancer of the stomach and colonMesothelioma is a rare cancer.of the thin membrane lining of the chest and abdomen. Symptoms of mesotheliomi include shortness, of breath, pain In the wall* of the chest, tad/ or abdominal pain. 111. Respirator* tnd Protective Clothing A. Respirators: You are required to wear respirator when performing task* that result in isbestos. tremolite. anthophyliite and actinolite exposure that exceed* the pennitiibie exposure limit (PEL) of 0-2 (/cc. ' These conditions can occur while your employer la in the pioccaa of installing engineering controls to reduce asbestos, tremolite. anthophyliite end actinolite exposure, or where engineering controls are sot feasible to reduce asbestos, tremolite. anlhophylUte and aednoiite exposure. Air- purifying respirators equipped with a high- efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter can be used where eirbonia asbestos, tremolite. tnthcphyllite end actinolite fiber concentrations do not exceed 2 f/cc otherwise, air-supplied, positive-pressure, full facepiece reipiraton rauet be used. Disposable respirators ordust masks are not permitted to be used for asbestos, tremolite. anlhophytlil* and actinolite work. For effective protection, respirator* must fit your face and head snugly. Your employer is required to conduct fit tests when you are first assigned a respirator and every 6 months . thereafter: Respirators should not be loosened or removed in work situation* where their use is required. B. Protective Clothing: You are required to wear protective clothing in work tress where ssbettos. tremolite, anthophyliite. and actinolite fiber concentrations exceed the pcmusiible exposure limit (PEL) of 0.2 f/cc to prevent contamination of the skin. Where protective clothing la required, your employer must provide you with clean garments. Unless you are working on a large ssbettos, tremolite. anthophyliite. and actinolite removal or demolition project, your employer must also provide s change roam and separate lockers for your street clothes and contaminated work clothes. If you are working on a large asbestos, tremolite. anthophyliite, and actinolite removal or demolition project, and where it it feasible to do so, your employer must provide a clean room, shower, tnd decontamination room contiguous to the work area. When leaving the work area, you must remove contaminated dothing before proceeding to the shower, if the shower is not adjacent to ths work area, you mutt vacuum your dothing before proceeding in chsngs the - --w- vmvm-svT- Tv yivivus ilunuuig a iw x. in conuminted change room* and thowert. leeve your retpir&tar on until you leevc the ihawer end enter the deon eiungo room. 7-35 BIRD 011917 Foderal Kagator / VoL 51, No. 119 / Friday, fune 20, 1986 / Rules and Regulations 22789 IV. Diapaaalitocadurasamd ChtMMup A. Wastaeilhsltnregeaenijiainrpwsiesaee' where asbcstoa.*rwnalita.aatbSFhylHte.iaad ctinalite il piml ariaikr 1 Fmpdyashrma. irrrwW*, -nUmphylUre- , end ictinaiite.shlpping ncitainara- 2. Process wutat auch-as cuttings, trimmings, orrwact materials. 3. Housekeeping wuli tom sweeping or vacuuming. * 4. Atbcetoe fireproofingorTnauhrting materia] thelJt (amoved tombuildings. 5. Asbeslos-contsining building products removed during building renovation or demolition. 8. Contaminated diipoatbla protective clothing. E Empty shipping bags can be flattened under exhaust hoods and packed into airtight containers for disposal. Empty shipping drums ant difficult to clean and should bt sealed. C Vacuum logs or disposable paper {liters should not be cleaned, but should be sprayed with a fine water mist and placed into a labeled waste container. . Process wiata and housekeeping waste should be wetted with waterora mixture of water and surfactant prior to packaging in disposable containers. E. Asbestos-containing material that ia removed from buildings must be disposed of in leak-tight O-mil thick plsstic bigs, piastic- lined cardboard containers, or plastic-lined matal containers. Thai wastes, which am removed while wet. should be seeled in container* before they dry out to minimlTr the releese of asbestos, tremolite. anthophyHite, sad actinolite fibers during handling. V. Access to Information A. Each year, your employer la required lo Inform you of the Information contained in this standard sad appendices far asbestos. Ia addition, your employer must Instruct you in the proper work practices for handling asbestos-containing materials, and the correct use of protective equipment. E Your empioyer.il requited to determine whether you are being exposed to asbestos. You or your representative hte the right to observe employet measuiatneats and to record the results obtained. .Your employer ia required to inform you ofyour axpoiure, and. If you are exposed above the peimissibte limit, he or she fa required to inform you of the actions that are being taken to reduce your exposure to within tbs permissible limit. C Your employer Is required to keep records ofyour exposures and medical examinations. These exposure records must be kept far at least thirty (30) years. Medical' records must be kspt for the period of your employment pint thirty (30) year*. D. Your employer is required to releese your exposure and medics! records to your physician or duignated representslive upon your written request. Appendix I to ttlUI-Msdlcil Surveillance Guidelines for Asbestos. Tremollta. Anthstthylliia. and Acrinollla. . Noe-Mandatory L Routs of Entry Inhalation ingtstion. E Toxicology Clinical evrderrae-dT the*dvereeffeas associated with exposure to asbestos. tremaUte.-anthopbylHte.-and ectindlhe.ii' presentm'thefcrmafewreral'welt-conducted epidemiologic*! studies ofoccnpctromflly exposed woricars.-rsnsHy-oomaina-af-workers, end persons Kvinxanraresboatoa.'trnrioUte. enthophyUite. and actinolite mmes.'Tbe*e studies havauthown a definitexrssamxtiaa between exposure to asbestos,-tremolite, anthophyliite. and actuufllte-andan . Increased incidence of lung cancer.-pleural and peritoneal-mesothelioma, gastrointestinal cancer, end asbestosis. The latter ia a disabling fibrotic lung disease that is caused only by exposure to asbestos. Exposure to asbestos, tremolite. anthophyliite. and actinolite hat also been associated with an increased incidence of esophageal, kidney, laryngeal, pharyngeal, and buccal cavity cancers. As with other known chronic occupational diseases, disease associated , with asbestos, tremolite, anthaphyllile, and actinolite generally appean about 20 years following the first occurrence of exposure: There are no known acute effects associated with exposure to asbestos. tremolite, anthophyliite, and actinolite. Epidemiological studies indicate that the risk of lung cancer among exposed worker* who smoke cigarettes ia greatly increased over the risk of lung cancer among non- exposed smokers or exposed nonamokere. These studies suggest that cessation of making will reduce the risk of lung cancer for a person exposed u> asbestos.- tremolite. anthophyliite, and actinolite but will not reduce it to the same level of risk as that existing for an exposed worker who has never smoked. EL. Signs and Symptoms of Exposure-Related Disease The signs and symptoms of lung cancer or gastrointestinal cancer induced by exposure to asbestos, tremolite, anthophyliite. and actinolite are nut unique, except that a cheat X-ray of an exposed patient with lung cancer may show pleural plaques, pleural calcification, or pleural fibrosis. Symptoms characteristic of mesothelioma include shortness of breath, pain in the walls of the chest or abdominal pain. Mesothelioma has a much longer latency period compared with lung cancer (-SO years versus 15-20 yean). and mesothelioma is therefore more likely to be found among workers who were first expoaed to asbestos at an early age. Mesothelioma is always fatal. Asbcstosis Is pulmonary tibrosls caused by. the accumulation of asbestos fibers in the lungs. Symptoms induds shortness of breath, coughing, fatigue, and vague feelings of sickness. When the fibrosis worsens, shortness ofbreath occurs even at rest The diagnosis of asbestos!* is based on a history of exposure to asbestos, the presence of characteristics radiologic changes, end- ' inspiratory crackles (rales), and other clinical features affihraiing lung disease. Pleural plaques and thickening are observed on X- ry* ciic.cn liumig tii itigei of cha - disease. Aabeatosii is often a progressiva diataaa even in tha ahsenca of continued exposure, although this appears to ba a highly Individualiced characteristic. In severe-cssea. death may be^aased byeeapirataiy or cardiac failure. IV. SurvelHance and Preventive Considerations m Aa noledabowe,.expoausa la-asbestos. ;4 tremolite. anthophyliite. and actinolite Jbes been iinkaddoian increussd -risk ofJung cancer.uaeifltkeliama.4astramtestinal 3] cancer, and.aabealoai*among occupationally 7i exposed workers. Adequate screening teats z lo detennincan employee's potential for developing serious chronic diseases, such as a cancer, from exposure to asbestos, tremolite. enthophyUite. and actinolite do nor presently exist. However, some tests, particularly chest X-reya and pulmonary function tests, may indicate that en employee has been overexposed to asbestos, tremolite. anthophyliite. and actinolite. increasing his at her risk ofdeveloping exposure related chronic diseases. It Is Important for the physician to become bmiliar with the operating conditions in which occupational exposure to asbestos, tremolite. anthophyliite. end actinolite ia likely to occur. This is particularly important in evaluating medical and work histories and In conducting physical examinations. When an active employes has'been identified aa having been overexposed to asbestos, tremolite. anthophyliite. and actinolite. measures taken by tha employer to eliminate or mitigate further exposure should also lower the risk at serious long-term consequences. The employer ia required to institute a medical surveillance program for a!( employees who are or will be exposed to % asbestos, tremolite. anthophyliite. and tctinoltte at or above the action level (0.1 fiber per cubic centimeter of air] for 30 or more days per year and for all employees who are assigned to wear a negative-presaun ; respirator. All examinations and procedures must be performed by or under the supervision of a licensed physician, at a reasonable time and place, and at no cost to the employee. Although broad latitude is given to the physician in prescribing specific testa to be included in (he medical surveillance program. OSHA requires inclusion of the following elements in the routine examination: (i) Medical and work hiatorics with special emphasis directed to symptoms of the respiratory system, cardiovascular system, and digestive tract. (il) Completion of the respiratory disease J questionnaire contained in Appendix D. (iii) A physical examination including a cheat roentgenogram and pulmonary funcUcn teat that includes measurement of the J employee's forced vitsl capacity (FVC) and -J forced expiratory volume at one second (FEV,). (iv) Any laboratory or other teat that the examining physician deems by sound /- medical practice to be necessary. The employer Is required to make the prescribed tests available at least annually t- ihosa empiqyte* covered; more Olid, ih&a specified If recommended by lht examining ~ physician; and upon termination of employment. 7-36 J BIRD 011918 22790 Federal .Register / Vol. Si. No. 118 / Friday, June 20. 1986 / Rulea and Regulations . The smpioyeris requited (a provide, the. . In relation to ssergnod duties end fltriess lo . physician with (ha following information: A . wear personal protective equipment. If copy of tuodifll u4 appendices; i tMjuind description of the employe*'* duties as they : The employer is required to obtains relate lo asbestos exposure: the employee's written opinion from the examining phytioien representative level of exposure to asbestos, containing (he results of the medical liemUta,snthophyDite.swlactlMliteps . examination; tbs pbyaician's opinion as. to description ofany personal`protective end . whether the employee has any detected respiratory equipment seed: and information medical conditions that would place the from previoua medical examinedone of the ' employee at an increased riah of expoaure- eifcctad employee that to not otherwise evsilsbls to the physician. Making thie . -related disease, any recommended llmltatioae on the employee or an the use of information available to the phytioien will personal protective equipment: and a aid in the evaluation ofthe employee's health statement that tht employee has been informed by (he physician of the results of the medical examination and af any medical conditions related to asbestos, tremolite, ambophyllite. and actinolits exposure that require further explanation or treatment. This written opinion must not reveal specific findings or diagnoses unrelated to exposure to asbestos, tremolite, anthophyllite, and eednolitc. and a copy of the opinion must be provided lo the affected employee. (FK Doc. M-13674 filed S-17-B0; 1=00 pm] aaiMo cooe ato-ts-u aj.*0TuunfartT*arrpMameti 7-37 iw ui*m . outau BIRD 011919