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INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE INSTALLATION, CARE AND OPERATION OF ELLIOTT TYPE YR Mechanical Drive Turbines INSTRUCTION BOOK No. 100-C Elliott Company Steam TUrbine Department Jeannette, Pa. "iWiiniiiiiniMii CONTENTS (Sat Quick Service ReferencePage 40) Section 1 -- General Instructions General ..................................................... Factory Testa...................................... Shipment....................................... Unpacking .................................... . Lxpori Shipment .......................... >T Storage ............................................. Foundation ....................................... Installation ....................................... Atmospheric Relief Valve................. Steam Piping ................................ Steam Supply .................................. Lubricating Oil.................................. Starang and Stopping....................... Operation, Routine Inspection.......... Daily inspection................................ Weekly Inspection ...................... .. Monthly Inspection............................... Yearly Inspection ............................ Renewal Parts and Service Facilities Storage oi Spare Parts....................... Recommended Spare Paris............. Section. 2--Dfsassemblyand Assembly General ........................ .......................... Casing and Miscellaneous Steam Joints Packing Caaaa and Carbon Rings......... Casing............................ .............. ......... Bearing Liners............................................. Constant Speed Mechanical Governor and linkage....................................... Rotor Assembly.......................... . Rotor Locating Bearing................. ........ Nozzle Ring and Bucket Holders........... Overspeed Trip and Linkage.............. Page 2 Steam Chest...................................... 12 2 Miscellaneous Piping Connections......... 12 2 2 Section 3--Adjustments and Clearance* 2 Carbon Rings...................................................... 15 2 Hand Valves .............................................. 15 2 Bearing Liners........................ 15 2 Bearing Case Shaft Seals.................................... 15 4 Constant Speed Mechanical Governor........ 15 4 Governor Lever..................................... 16 4 Governor Valve................ 18 5 Rotor Locating Bearing................ 18 5 Nozzle Ring...................................... 16 6 Cold Clearances ................................................. 17 8 Water Cooling oi Bearings.................................. 17 8 Section 4--Modifications oi Standard Turbins 8 7 7 7 7 Hand Operated Speed Changer............ 18 Motor and Hand Operated Speed Changer-- 18 Type "O" Variable Speed Governor................. 20 Type "P" Constant Speed Oil Belay Governor.. 23 Type "PO" Variable Speed (Oil Relay) Governor......................................................... 25 8 Type "F" Built-In Pump Type Governors........... 28 8 Constant Pressure Type...................................... 28 8 Diiierential Pressure Type.................................. 32 9 Woodward Governor-........................................ 32 9 Solenoid Operated Trips...................................... 34 Exhaust Pressure Trip ......................................... 34 9 Section 5 -- Type BYRH Turbins (Heavy Duty) 10 10 Heavy Duty 2BYRH Frame.................................. 38 12 Section. 8 -- Operating and Maintenance Hints 12 General ................................................................ 39 LIST OF FIGURES Fig. 1--Sectional View oi Typical 'TR" Turbine............................... Fig. 2--Recommended Steam and Exhaust Pipe Arrangement.... Fig. 3--"YR" Horizontal Joint Detail................................................... 5Fig. 4--Constant Speed Mechanical Governor, Valve and Linkage * lu lFlig*. 5--Overspeed Trip. Valve and Linkage.................................... 8--"YR" Miscellaneous Piping Connections............................. 7--Cold Clearance Diagram....................................................... 8--Hand Operated Speed Changer.......................................... Fig. 9--Motor and Hand Operated Speed Changer.............. .......... Fig. 10--Piping Diagram far Type "O" Variable Speed Governor.. Fig. 11--Type ^'O" Variable Speed Governor..................................... Fig. 12--Type "P" Constant Speed Oil Relay Governor.................... Fig. 13--Type "PO" Variable Speed Oil Relay Governor (With Duplex Oil Pump)..................................................... Fig. 14--Type "PO" Variable Speed Oil Relay Governor (With Separate Dual Driven Pumps).............. ............;.. pv- 15--Type "F" Built-in Constant Pressure Pump Governor.......... Fig. 16--Type "F" Built-in Differential Pressure Pump Governor----Fig. 17--Woodward Governor Valve Linkage................................... Fig. 18--Solenoid Operated Trip (Open Type) (Push Type Solenoid--Trip When De-energized)............ Fig. 19--Solenoid Operated Trip (Open Type) (Pull Type Solenoid--Trip When Energized).................. Fig. 20--Solenoid Operated Trip (Explosion ProoO (Pull Type Solenoid--1Trip When Energized).................. Fig. 21--Solenoid Operated Trip (Explosion Proof) - (Pull Type Solenoid--Trip When De-energized)............... 22--Exhaust Pressure Trip............................................................. Fig. 23--Sectional View of Type "BYRH" Turbine............................... Page 4 8 11 13 14 17 18 19 20 21 24 27 29 30 31 33 35 35 35 35 36 37 = t.mm Section 1 tfat&uU OttAtwctionO checked when at operating temperature. When the turbine is at operating temperature, a straight edge must lie flat across the top and sides o( both coup ling hubs, and the thickness gage or feelers must show the same distance between coupling face* at all points. All units assembled on the baseplate with the duver, apparatus at the factory are carefully lined up and doweled, before shipment with W ahim pads under the turbine. If the baseplate could be depended upon to stay absolutely rigid, the unit could be set over the foundation, the baseplate leveled up properly and the unit would be in perfect alignment This cannot be depended upon, however, as the strangest baseplates are to some degree sub ject to deflections. It Is always advisable to thor oughly check alignment Should the unit be found out of line, place shims or chock blocks under the baseplate edges along side ol the foundation bolts (being sure to leave the required space between the top of foundation and bottom al baseplate for grouting or shimming), flefer to outline drawing furnished with the unit. Place shims or chocks also at long unsupported spans between foundation bolts. Put wedges alongside ol these shims or chocks and level up the baseplate by these wedges. Then shim and knock out the wedges, drawing the foundation bolts down tight. Check again for level, at the same time checking for align ment at the coupling or couplings. If the unit is out of line sideways, it can usually be corrected by "throwing" the baseplate (ii not grouted), using wedges placed as required. If grouted, the turbine and driven machine must be shifted sideways and redoweled. Ii the unit is out ol line up and down (coupling too high or too low), this also can be corrected by "throwing" the baseplate as described above, ft grouted, the correction must be made by shimming under the supporting feet as required. ATMOSPHERIC RELIEF VALVE An atmospheric relief valve should be installed between the turbine exhaust flange and the first shut off valve to protect the turbine casing. This relief valve should be oi ample size to pass the maximum quantity oi steam flowing through the turbine with out tite pressure rising above the maximum allow able]', turbine casing pressure. Belief valves ero furnished and installed by the purchaser. The sentinel valve (SOI), furnished on the turbine easing (S02), serves only as a warning that excessive pressure exists within the casing. This valve oper ates at a pressure above the maximum for which the atmospheric relief valve is adjusted. The turbine should not be started unless the at mospheric relief valve has been installed and is In operating condition. STEAM PIPING No part of the turbine installation is more Impor tant lor future successful operation, than welldesigned and well-executed piping. There are two definite objectives for good piping: 1. To prevent the heated piping from imposing strains on the turbine casing and thus affecting the alignment. '2. To so connect and drain the turbine inlet and ex haust lines that dry steam is furnished ta the tur bine and that water accumulation in these lines is prevented. A shut-off valve is recommended in the steam line, preferably at a convenient accessible location in the turbine room, between the steam header and the tur bine Inlet, to allow working on the turbine without shutting down the boiler. The turbine casing must be protected from piping weight or piping expansion strains. The weight of piping should be separately carried by suitable sup ports. Expansion joints or bends should be provided adjacent to the turbine connections. Connections between the Piping and turbine are ta he made with out forcing the pipe line in any direction whatever In order to make a satisfactory joint. Connections may be considered entirely satisfactory If the con necting pipe lines, when boated ta operating tamper* ature, do not shift out of line with the turbine connec tions when the bolting Is withdrawn. The maximum piping stress on turbine steam connections should be limited tg.200 lb. force or 2000 lb. inch torque. Fig. 2 illustrates recommended steam and exhaust piping arrangement. - STEAM SUPPLY Steam should at all times be free from moisture and preferably be superheated. A receiver type separator with ample drains should be provided ahead of the shut-off valve to prevent slugs of water from damaging the turbine. When a separator is not provided, a hlowolf valve or continuous drain Uw la Sinn Rpi Ab> Torhfa* from Ohiortfan.- 0r<( W-S9ISG5 177 Fig. 2--Recommended Steam and Exhaust Pipe Arrangement 4 "*11 ill ism aai-- 2>ec&a*t ( CpencxaC *7**%e(G&o*4 should ba connected to the lowest point of the steam, inlet piping. -- The strainer (SSB). Figure 5. furnished with the tur bine, is suitable for protection against large particles of scale, welding beads, etc. This strainer does not guard against abrasive matter, boiler compound or traces of acid or alkaline substances, which may be carried over in the steam. These substances may corrode, erode, or form deposits on the steam parts, reducing efficiency and power, and causing valve seats to leak. It is imperative that feed water treat ment and boiler operation be carefully controlled to insure a supply of clean steam at all times. LUBRICATING OIL The importance of using the highest grade of oil for the lubrication of turbines cannot be too strongly empnasized. Although the first cost oi the best grade , ~y~ uiay be considerably greater that that of an inierior grade, the additional cost is more than com* panaatcd for by longer service, less danger of dam age to bearing surfaces, and elimination oi serious shut-downs due to improper lubrication. Turbine oils are produced by so many manufac turers and jobbers and under so many different and constantly changing trade names and brands, that Elliott Company finds it impossible to thoroughly in vestigate all of them and to recommend any specific brand for use with Elliott turbines. For this reason, purchasers of turbines and turbine driven unit* are urged to consult with the representatives of reliable refineries regarding their lubricating oil require ments, and to insist that the oil purchased shall be suitable for the service intended, bearing in mind the general considerations stated below, which serve to identify the types of oil required for the different classes of Elliott turbine equipment, Basic requirements of a good TURBINE OIL are as follows: . 1. Properly refined, highly filtered^ pure mineral ail, free from acid, alkali, water, sediment, soap, resins or any substance which in service will prove injurious to the oil or to turbine and acces sory part3 coming in contact with the oil. 2. Best possible ability to separate rapidly from water and least tendency to emulsify or foam when agitated with air or water. 3. Least tendency to break down or form sludge when agitated at normal operating temperatures and mixed with air or water. (See tabulation for normal temperatures.) 4. Reasonably high Flash and Fire Points, bearing In mind the probable operating temperatures and unavoidable proximity to high temperature steam surfaces, __ 5. Viscosity and Viscosity Index, (relationship be tween viscosity and temperature changes) com mensurate with the service Intended. (See tabulation above ior recommended viscosity.) RING OILED SYSTEM is a system in which oil rings only are depended upon to carry .Oil to the bearings from the oil reservoir. Standard water cool ing is used in this system. Non-water-cooled bear Viscosity (Saybolt Universal Seconds) at 100 degrees F............. ................. Prowur* Circulation 140-170 Viscosity (Saybolt Universal Seconds) at 210 degrees F ......... ..................... 42-44 Minimum Operating Oil Tank Temperature, degrees F ............................... 130 Minimum Oil Temperature before starting, degrees F ............................... SO Normal Bearing Tempera ture, degrees F........ .. 140-170 Hing Olloct 280-325 43-55 130 60 150-130 ings are not recommended. Non-water-cooled bearings are permissible providing actual operation in permanent location remits in bearing tempera tures below 190F. In this case a carefully selected oil, containing a minimum oi tallow or carbon and sludge-forming ingredients should be used. PRESSURE CIRCULATION SYSTEM Is a system in which an oil pump forces oil through cooler, strainer, etc., to bearings, governor, and other parts, returning the warm oil by gravity to an oil reservoir. Oil rings are included only for starting and idling operation. CARE OF OIL--All oil should be maintained in first class condition by the elimination of moisture, dirt and other impurities. Far pressure circulation system, filter or purify the oil frequently or employ the continuous by-pass system of removing impur ities when the unit is installed in an extremely dirty atmosphere. Refer to the lubrication manufacturer ior recom mendations as to employing rust inhibitors when the initial charge of new oil is placed in the system or for proportions of new oil to be added when replen ishing the old. Also advise the lubrication manufac turer what type purifying system Is used, if any, so that the effeHiveness of the inhibitor will not be im paired. STARTING AND STOPPING (Refer to Figures 1,4 and 5) Prepare the turbine for the initial start-up as follows: . 1. Disconnect coupling between turbine and driven machine. 2. Blow out all steam piping, disconnecting at tur bine inlet connection if necessary. 0. Remove bearing case cap (538) and pedestal cap (521) carefully, to prevent distorting oil rings (624) which are held in place by upper half bear ing liners (523). Remove upper naif bearing liners and roll out lower half liners by rolling away from the locating lugs so as not to damage them. Inspect and clean bearing liners. 5 SccUo* t 0eK&i<U *)*4tnuei6*A 4. Carefully clean both bearing oil reservoirs and journals. Roll lower half bearing liners into place. Locating lugs on liners roust be correctly positioned in locating grooves jn the bearing case. 5. Fill reservoirs to overflow height with the proper Sade of turbine oil (see section on Lubricating il). See that lower halves of bearing liners are Hooded with oil and that the rotor locating bear ing (623) is likewise flooded with oil. 6.Replace upper half bearing liners around shaft journals and under the oil rings. Upper halt hearing liners should be lined up with lower half bearing liners, which are already In place, to insure that the locating lip on upper half liner is located properly in the bearing case cap and pedestal cap when they are replaced. Replace and bearing case caps, insert dowels, and pull bolts securely into place. Turn unit over ky hand to see that everything is functioning properly. 7.Remove governor hood (680) and thoroughly clean all governor parts of dirt, paint, rust, and slushing compounds; lubricate well and reas semble being careful to replace correctly. Fill governor spindle lubricator (656) with "light" tur bine ail. 9. Open steam chest and casing drains and see that ail traps are operating. Be sure that the valve in the turbine exhaust line is open. If the unit operates condensing, see that the vacuum is up. __ 9. Open ehnt-ofi valve in the steam line and set resetting lever (927). Keep all drain valves open until all water is drained from the system. Close all drain valves and listen for unusual sounds. Check oil rings (624) through sight cups (538) to see that they are rotating and picking up oiL If pressure circulation oil system is used, see that the oil pump primes and builds up the proper pressure. Turn cooling water into the oil cooling system. 10. After the turbine has been thoroughly warmed up. shut down the unit by striking the hand trip lever (935) Fig. 5. Close shut-oil valve and check the piping and coupling alignment. 11. Reset the band trip lever. Open the shut-off valve in steam line. Check oil rings (pressure on forced feed bearings) and take speed readings to see that the governor holds the turbine at no load 3peed, which is slightly above the full load 3peed. (The full load or rated speed is given on the nameplate.) 12. For condensing operation, adjust the sealing steam valve so that a small amount of conden sate or vapor will be discharged from the leak- off lines. -- 13. Check the trip speed with one operator reading speed and the other firmly grasping both ends of the governor lever (671) Fig. 4 and pushing in on the governor spindle and pulling out the gov ernor valve stem. This will cause the turbine to speed up, operating the overspeed trip and trip ping the turbine. The trip speed should be ap proximately 15 per cent above the maximum rated epoed. (Refer to contract for exact con ditions.) 14. Reset overspeed trip valve and again bring tur bine up to speed. Allow unit to run for approxi mately one hour, checking bearings and making other general observations, as noted above. After this period, load can be applied and the turbine is ready for service. 15. Routine starting is accomplished by checking oil levels, opening drain lines and bringing turbine up to speed and on the governor. Close drains when steam is bled instead of water. 16. When shutting down, overspeed the turbine by hand to check the overspeed trip mechanism, close the shut-off valve and open ail drains. 17. If turbine is used with a reduction gear and/or with special equipment, follow instructions per taining to those particular items. OPERATION, ROUTINE INSPECTION These machines require a minimum of operating attention. Providing adequate lubrication is the one really essential and important operating detail. However, any routine system ot inspection which an ticipates possible operating difficulties before they reach serious proportions Is manifestly desirable, arid such a routine system is outlined below. The adoption of-this system ot routine inspection with such modifications or amplifications as are neces sary to fit it into the operating schedule of your par ticular unit is recommended. DAILY INSPECTION 1. Check oil level on all bearings. 2. Fill governor oil cup once every 8 hours. 3. Check bearings tor lubrication and excessive temperature. 4. Cheat smoothness of operation and note any change. 5. Note any unusual noises or conditions and check frequently. 6. Check speed of unit. 7. If shutdown is made daily, trip overspeed trip valve by striking hand trip lever. WEEKLY INSPECTION 1. If not on continuous running schedule, trip over speed trip valve by overspeeding the turbine by hand as previously described. 2. S on continuous running schedule, the operation of the overspeed trip valve may be checked by tripping the hand trip lever which allows the trip valve to close. Immediately reset the hand trip lever. This can be done as soon as the turbine speed has dropped approximately 15 to 20%. MONTHLY INSPECTION 1. Change bearing oil and dean oil reservoirs as required. 2. Remove governor hood and bearing caps and make visual inspection of governor parts and bearings. Clean as necessary. 3. Check governor linkage and overspeed trip link age for lost motion. 4. Check coupling between turbine and driven ap paratus for looseness, alignment and wear. If this is a lubricated coupling, check the lubrication. 6 Section t (fenencU *}*4t%uctic4 YEARLY INSPECTION 1. Before disassembling or assembling any of the various parts of your turbine, carefully read Sec tion 2 of this book 2. Check all clearances and adjustments as directed under Section 3. Replace any wearing parts that may be worn. 1 Remove steam strainer and clean it. If very dirty, do this every six months. 4. Dismantle governor and linkage (Fig. 4), and chock for lost motion or worn parts. Clean thor oughly, lubricate and reassemble. Adjust for correct speed. 5. Examine governor valve and valve seat (651 and 567, Fig. 4) and clean. Grind in valve if unevenly wont. Check governor valve stem ring packing o,'Zt and replace if necessary. Be sure packing not bind when reaaaombled. 6. Check rotor locating bearing (623, Fig. 1) far end play. Flush out with a pressure stream of clean oil. 7. Dismantle overspeed trip and linkage shown in Fig. 5. Check for ease of operation and clean as necessary. 8. Clean stem of overspeed trip valve (917, Fig. 5). 9. Check carbon rings for wear and see that they are not fouled by an accumulation of scale or rust in the packing cases. Carefully remove rings, clean, and reassemble. CAUTION: Read Section 2. 10. Lift casing and inspect both the moving and sta tionary blading: clean out any accumulation of scale and dirt between the blading. 11. Check operation of sentinel valve (501, Fig. 1). When again in operation check turbine speed, trip ping speed, and general operation. Note: It Is recommended that an Elliott field serv ice man inspect your turbine once a year. RENEWAL PARTS AND SERVICE FACILITIES The Elliott Company maintains a staff of field service men to supervise the installation and start ing up of new units. They are also available for in specting, adjusting, and supervising or installing replacement part3 on older units. Their services are available at any time, usually on very short notice. In ca3e of emergency their export knowledge may be of great assistance in getting the unit back in service) without delay. Order replacement parts through the nearest Elliott Company District Office. In emergencies, parts may be ordered from Elliott Company, Repair Order Department, Jeannette, Pennsylvania. . when ordering replacement parts, or when writ ing concerning any part, always give the following information: 1. Serial number of machine. 2. Instruction book number and figure number. 3. Name of part, part number horn parts list in instruction book, and quantity required. 4. Name of purchaser. 5. Complete address and shipping instructions. * STORAGE OF SPARE PARTS Spare parts should be stored in a clean dry place and finished surfaces should be slushed with a heavy non-corrosive oil. . Frequent inspections should be made and any corrosion or mat removed and the parts re-slushed. Parts should be carefully tagged or marked so that they can easily be identified. RECOMMENDED SPARE PARTS (Standard Turbine with Mechanical Shaft Governor# only) In order to insure long periods of uninterrupted service, freedom from long shutdowns duo to mishaps of operation, it is recommended that the following spars parts be carried: PART Part Rac'd. Humber Per Unit PART Port Req'd. Kuahi Par Unit Bearing Linar- -Lower Half. Bearing LinerCarbon Ring, Spring and Stop.. 'TT Knife Edge ............................ Knife Edge.................................. 522 523 624 512 938 940 942 623 622 540 933 934 2 2 4 8 1 1 2 1 l 1 1 1 Governor Valve Stem Packing.. Follower................ Weight Assembly (Set of 3)........ Governor Spring........................ Spindle Bearing (Heim)............. Spindle Bearing (Bali)............... Spindle....................................... Pin.............................................. Pin.............................................. Pin.............................................. Retaining Ring.......................... 573 574 665 667 659 662 657 672 677 675 673 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 4 L" turbines gives parts. Users having installations of several units may find it desirable to operate a central storeroom and 3tock a more extensive list of maintenance parts than given above. To assist in determining the interchangeability of parts of the various standard turbines, Forms 1119A and 1120 have been made up and are available upon request Form 1125, available in cdl Dis trict Offices, describes these Forms and their use, giving illustrations and instructions. 7 Stctit** 2 eutd AtAcmSly SECTION 2 DISASSEMBLY AND ASSEMBLY Disassembly and assembly of the various parts of yaw turbine should be a familiar subject to your operating and maintenance personnel, so that they may do routine inspection and be capable of checking and adjusting the parts which may require this service. Most of the design of this unit is so clearly shown In the cuts that no desaiption of disassembly or assem bly is considered necessary. In general, only such descriptive matter is given under this heading as is necee- Sloe future replacement of a wearing part or the checking and adjustment of clearances. Any future major _ moment, such as wheels, buckets, shaft, etc., or any future major overhaul should be done under the supervision of an Elliott Company field service man, or at the factory. CASINO AND MISCELLANEOUS STEAM JOINTS All steam joints of the turbine have been carefully made up at.the factory to Insure that they are steam tight. Anchor Packing Company joint sealing-com pounds of two types are used. "Turbo Sso/-50" is used on the nozzle ting (601) to casing steam end (502) joint, also on packing case (511) horizontal joint (Fig. 3). "Turbo Seof-50" and Plastic Gasket No. 337-1" made up in "strings" are used in combination, as shown in Fig. 3. on these joints*. (a) with 1/16" diameter string laid in 'Turbo Seal- SO": 1. Steam chest body (566) to casing steam end (502). 2. Steam chest governor valve cover assem bly (S72) or (575) to steam chest body (566). 3. Overspeed governor valve cover (569) to steam chest body (566). 4. Lower half casing assembly vertical joint between steam and exhaust end. 5. Casing horizontal joint between cover and lower half steam end and exhaust end. (b) with 3/16" diameter string laid in "Turbo Seal50" on packing case (511} vertical joint to cas ing assembly (502). Note: The various diameters of string made from plastic gasket No. 337-1 are gotten from using pres sure guns with various size nozzles. _ Anchor Packing Company sealing compounds and pressure guns for their application may be pur chased from Eliott Company. We recommend them because of the superior joint seal that results. How ever, if these are not available, any high grade steam sealing-compound, applied according to man ufacturer's recommendations, may be used. Since screw threads, after being subjected to high temperature, have a tendency to gall upon disas sembly, it IS necessary to treat all threads with an anti-gctlling compound. ' Fel Pro C-S (colloidal copper), a product of' Felt Products Company is used on the nut end of studs, bolts, socket bead screws, hand valve body threads, etc., to facilitate removal after operation at high temperature. PACKING CASES AND CARBON RINGS To. remove the carbon rings (312) Fig. 1, lift the upper half packing cases (SI 1) by removing both the vertical ana horizontal bolting. Break the joints by striking sharply with a lead hammer and pry the joints apart under the "pry ears" provided on the upper halves. Carefully lift the cases straight up until they dear the carbon ring assemblies. Unhook and remove the circular spring assembly surround ing each three-piece carbon ring, after which the separate pieces of the carbon ring may be removed by rolling around the shaft. Caution: Keep the three parts of each ring and spring assembly of each ring together so that they may be placed together in the same packing groove from which they were removed. Before reassembling, clean out packing case grooves thoroughly, particularly the bottom halves. Blow them out with air if it is available. Clean the shaft and rings with kerosene. Place springs around shaft and hook ends together. Starting with the seg- Eihamt Bad Lay t/l6" Die. Pla*Uc Ga*lc * 337-1 Y-62SQ21 3/18*' Dio. Plastic Gasket *337-1 Stecan Bad Tuibo-Scal-50 See#** 2 4t>i44U<U0t6C(f, <utd ment of the ring into which the ring stop fits, force the proper segments under their respective springs. Caution: Be sure that those sections which abut each other are marked with similar markings so that they are reassembled mark to mark. Reassemble packing cases. Press 3/16" diameter string of "Plastic Gasket No. 337*1" into the groove provided in the vertical flange face. Make certain that this "string" of sealer dams not overhang the horizontal joint. Coat the vertical flange face, out side the bolt circle, and also the horizontal ilange face as shows in Fig. 3 with "Turbo Seal-30." Caution: Do not allow sealer to run down into the carbon ring chambers as it will prevent the carbon rings horn sealing on the side walls. Place upper halves in position and pull up on verical flange bolting until snug. Tighten up horizontal t'inngn bolting and then tighten up vertical flange uolting. CASINO The casing cover (502) Fig. 1 must be lifted to in spect the turbine rotor or the interior of the turbine. The top halves of the packing cases must be removed as explained above before the casing cover can be removed. Remove the casing cover horizontal joint dowels and bolting; break the horizontal joint and Ult the caver vertically with eyebolt (500) until the cover clears the rotor disc assemblies. To reassemble: 1. Scrape and carefully clean all exposed joints on both the upper and lower halves of the turbine casing (502) as well as those on the upper and lower halves of the packing cases (511). Do not allow scrapings to lall into the lower halves of the packing cases between the carbon rings and walls. Blow out with air if available. 2. Apply a continuous 1/18" dia. "string" of "Plastic Gasket No. 337-1" laid on approximately W wide strip of "Turbo Seal-50" on the horizontal flange of the lower hall turbine casing as shown in Fig. 3. Caution; Do not allow "string" of sealer to be too near bolts as clearance holes in cover may expose them. Be sure that i/16" dia. "string" of sealer ends sharply at the packing case flange face groove at both steam end and exhaust end. 3. Lower the upper half casing over the turbine rotor to a solid seating. Insert dowels and pull down ..on the horizontal flange bolting starting nearest the shaft on both sides. BEARING LINERS Removal of the bearing liners (522) and (523) Fig. 1, to readily accomplished by removing the pedestal cap (521) and bearing case cap (536). Remove the dowels and the bolting in the horizontal joints. Break the joints by striking sharply with a lead hammer and pry the joints apart under the "pry ears" pro vided on the caps. Raise caps sufficiently to unsnap upper halves of hearing liners (523) to release oil rings (524). Caps should be raised carefully to pre vent distorting oil rings which are held in place by the upper half bearing liners. Remove the upper halves of the bearing liners and then completely remove the pedestal cap and the bearing case cap. Roll out the lower halves of the liners by rolling away from the locating lugs so as not to damage them. When the bearing liners are removed, the rotor shaft will rest in the packing cases. When replacing liners make sure that oil rings axe correctly replaced and are free to turn and that the shaft journal and liners axe completely clean and flooded with oil. Roll lower half bearing liners into place. Locating lugs on liners must be correctly posi tioned in the locating grooves in the bearing case and the pedestal. Place upper half bearing linors around shaft journals and under the oil rings. Upper half liners should be lined up with lower half liners, which are already in place to insure that the locat ing Up on the upper half liner is located properly in the bearing case cap and pedestal cap when they are replaced. Replace pedestal and bearing case caps, insert dowels, and tighten bolt3 securely into place. Caution: Bearing liner3 should not be scraped under any condition. CONSTANT SPEED MECHANICAL GOVERNOR AND LINKAGE This mechanism is shown in complete detail in Fig. 4. Before disassembly, check governor valve travel as described in Section 3 under "Adjust ments." Disconnect the governor spindle connection (655) from the governor lever (671) by removing crescent retaining rings (673) and tapping the pin (672) up ward. Remove crescent retaining rings (673) and tap fulcrum pin (675) upward. The governor lever can now be removed by withdrawing It from connection (6S4) and pin (S77). Unsnap the neoprene grommet seal (581) and re move spindle lubricator (656). Remove governor hood (680) by removing bolts (679) and drawing for ward over the spindle (657) and connection (655). Remove gasket (683). The complete governor assem bly is now exposed. Remove adjusting nut (668) and governor spring (667) and unscrew three stop screws (670) from the governor case assembly. Caution: Before removing adjusting nut (668) meas ure the distance irom the end of this nut to a con venient point on the governor case assembly (669) so that on reassembly the nut can be put back to its previous location thus duplicating previous gover nor setting. The governor spindle assembly consists of spindle (657), internal retaining ring (658), spindle bearing (659), shoulder bolt (660), bearing case (661), and ball bearing (662). This assembly may be taken apart for inspection or replacement of parts by grasping spindle (657) and pulling outward. This will also auow the removal of weights (665) and spring seat (666) and bearing aaso (663). Spindle bearing (659) may be removed by further disassem bly of the governor spindle assembly. Remove bail bearing (662) from bearing case (661) and remove bearing case (661). Remove set screw (682) and un screw shoulder bolt (660). This will release spindle bearing (659). Nolo: Upon reassembly ai bearing (662) and bear ing case (661), the Inner race of the bearing should be prick punched to lock it with the bearing case. 9 ecti&t 2 `DiMAAemMet <*W /t&4em6ly Before reassembly, clean all parts carefully. If any burrs are present they should be removed. Aa the various parts and bearings are reassembled, be sure that they turn freely and that no porceptible end play is present. Reassemble the governor spindle assembly and slide ball bearing (662) into bearing case (B83). Slide this complete assembly into the governor case assembly (663) and manipulate the three governor weights (665) into position. All scale or rust should be removed from the weight knife edges and the knife edge seats in governor case (669). Insert spring seat (666), governor spring (667), and pull up several turns on adjusting nut (668). Pry up outer end of each governor weight with a fulcrumed screw driver and let go sharply to see that all parts spring^into posi tion each time and that governor operates freely. Screw up adjusting nut to the setting which was pre viously registered by measurement. Replace three stop screws (670) and lock in place by prick punching. Replace gasket (683), hood (680) and secure with set screws and replace neoprene seal (681). Assem ble remaining governor linkage parts in reverse of the order of removal, replacing to marked or meas ured positions. Cautions After governor linkage has been dis assembled and reassembled check governor valve travel as described in Section III under "Adjust ments." ROTOR ASSEMBLY The rotor assembly consists of the shaft, upon which are mounted the disc assemblies, sleeves, car bon rings, rotor locating bearing, constant speed mechanical governor, overspeed trip, and the coup* ling. (See Fig. 1.) It should be noted that the rotor assembly- may have two or three separate disc assemblies (630, 631, 632) or may have one disc with two rows of rotating buckets, depending upon the speed of the turbine. To remove the rotor assembly from the casing, disconnect the turbine from the driven machine at the coupling and remove the pedestal cap (521), the bearing case cap (536), the upper halves of both packing cases (511), and the casing cover (502). These parts should bo removed in accordance with instruc tions given under "BEARING LINERS,'' "PACKING CASES and CARBON,RINGS." and "CAflNG" all in SECTION 2 above. Disconnect governor lever (671) and remove hood (680) as described above under "CONSTANT SPEED MECHANICAL GOVERNOR AND LINKAGE" Remove upper halves of bearing Uners (523) as described above under "BEARING LINERS." Slowly lift rotor assembly straight upward being sure to protect shaft journals and carbon rings from damage. After rotor assembly has been raised a short distance move oil rings (624) along the shaft until they clear the bearing supports cast into the lower half of pedestal (521) and lower half of bearing case (536). Lower half bearing liners (522) can now be unsnapped and removed and oil rings will be cleared for removal. The rotor assembly can now be removed by lifting straight upward. Lay rotor assembly aside and prevent from rolling by blocking under the discs. Caution: While rotor is out of casing, keep rotor locating bearing tied up in clean lint-free rags to prevent the entrance of dirt. When lowering rotor back into position, shake lightly so that discs will not engage the bucket holder assemblies (604 and 605) while descending. Cease lowering when carbon rings are about to enter their respective slots. Be sure that rings and slots are lined up before final lowering and the slots are free from scale or rust. Move oil rings (624) along the shaft and into place aver the bearing sup. rts cast into the lower half of the pedestal and ccring case. Replaae lower half of bearing liners (522). Caution: See that the bearing spring (540) is in place and that the clearance between the first disc assembly shroud (630) and the nozzle ring (601) is approximately 1/16". Replace casing cover (502), bearing liners (523), .bearing case cap (536), pedestal cap (521), and the upper halves of packing cases (511). Replace gasket (683), hood (680), and reconnect governor lever (671) and reset governor to original setting. ROTOR LOCATING BEARING The rotor locating hearing (623) Fig. 1, is assem bled on shaft (621) with the shield toward the gover nor and is located against the shaft shoulder and held in place axially by a beveled snap ring (622). Axial location in bearing case (536) is maintained by an accurately machined groove. The outer race of the bearing is prevented from rotating by the flat spring (540). Caution: The beveled face of snap ring (622) must he away from the bearing. See enlarged detail Tig. 1. To remove the bearing, the rotor assembly must first be removed as previously described. Also remove the constant speed governor spindle assem bly as described. Refer to Fig. 5. Remove the overspeed trip pin (938) by first removing U-lock staples (942) located at each end of the trip pin, then unscrew adjusting nut (937) after which tnp spring (940) and trip pin (938) will come out. If auxiliary weight (939) or washers (941) are used, these may now be removed. Having removed all parts of the governor assem bly, remove governor case set screw (678) Fig. 4. The governor ease assembly (689) is shrunk onto the 3haft (621) and must be removed by heating around the hub. This can be done by evenly beating with a torch after which the governor case may be easily drawn off. Caution: Extreme care must be exercised to pre vent heating this bearing. The bearing should be shielded by wrapping with asbestos sheathing. Also, in heating the governor case hub, avoid beating the shaft as much as possible. The jackscrew, which is supplied with the turbine, may he used to draw the governor case from the shaft while heating the governor case. The jackscrew should be threaded into the governor case assembly (669) up against the end of the rotor shaft (621). Should a "puller" be used, the pul) should be applied on the hub rather than at the end of the gov ernor case. SeeUaK 2 and Remove the bearing beveled snap ring (622) with special pUsra provided and then the bearing can be tapped off the shaft. _1 When replacing the bearing, tap It into place by means of a sleeve which strikes the shaft race of the ball bearing. Drive the bearing into a solid seating against the shaft shoulder. Replace the beveled snap ring, making certain that the snap ting it seated in the beveled groove provided in the shaft. Then hoot the governor case hub slightly and slip it on the shaft. Be sure that the set screw drillings in both hub and shaft line up. Replace the set screw (678) and prick punch it to bold is place. Replace the over* speed trip pin parts, and the constant speed mechan ical governor parts. Replace the rotor assembly and reassemble the constant speed governor linkage. Caution; Keep this bearing clean and flood with oil before use. ' NOZZLfi RING AND BUCKET HOLDERS (Rfl. 1) These parts form the high pressure steam path through the turbine. The bucket holders (604 and 60S) and nozzle ring (601) may be removed, after the rotor assembly has been removed, by working on the inside of the turbine casing. The nozzle ring Joint is metal-to-metal with the casing steam end (502) and is made up with "Turbo Seal-50". It should be noted that the nozzle ring U located to the steam end by two fitted bolts which insure correct reassembly ana positioning. The nozzle ring is bolted to the steam end. Bucket holders are bolted to the nozzle ring and axial location is maintained by ground spacers (603). Caution; Upon reassembly make sure that lack- washers (602) are replaced under the heads of all nozzle ring bolts and that Iockwasher3 (606) are re placed under the heads of all bucket holder bolts. OVERSPEED TRIP AND LINKAGE Refer to Fig. S which shows clearly the details of this mechanism. Remove the overspeed trip pin as sembly as described above under `'ROTOR LOCAT ING BEARING." In replacing trip pin (938) be sure that washers (941) (when used) are m poaltion. since they are part of the adjustment for setting the trip ping speed at the turbine. Place U-lock staples (942) in position and with a screw driver placed on ad justing nut (937), press the pin outward sharply to see that it works freely ana trips the linkage. Dis assembly and replacement of the linkage is dearly shown in Fig. 5 and needs no additional description or explanation. The Auxiliary Resetting Lever (949) is used to assist in lifting the overspeed valve (916) ofi its seat before the resetting lever (327) is raised into the latched position. By this means the overspeed valve can be opened and the overspeed trip linkage can be reset when the turbine is under full steam pressure. STEAM CHEST Refer to Figs. 4 and 5 for sections and Fig. 6 for external view of steam chest. The steam chest is composed of three chambers through which the steam flows as follows: Steam passes from the steam inlet through the strainer (568), through the overspeed trip valve (916), then 12 through the governor valve (851) and seat (567) into the steam ring section of the casing steam end (502). All of these pans are boused in one casting which is bolted and doweled to the lower half steam end of the turbine. To inspect the governor valve, remove governor lever (671) as explained under "CONSTANT SPEED MECHANICAL GOVERNOR AND LINKAGE" and then remove cover assembly (572) or (575) by remov ing bolting cmd pulling forward, thus exposing the governor valve. The governor valve may be re moved from the cover assembly by removing con nection (654) and jam nut (946) and pulling the valve and stem assembly through packing (573). In the event that valve seat (567) is to be removed, it must be pulled out with a puller prepared especially for this service. The valve seat is tack welded to the steam chest body to insure against any possible movement. To reassemble this valve seat, place it in the steam chest and drive it into position with a bar of non-ferrous metal and tack weld to the steam chest to secure the valve seat. The governor valve can be replaced and reassembled by sliding the stem (652) through the packing (573). Reassemble cover assembly (572) or (575) noting that this is a metal-to-metal joint and is made up with turbo seal and plastic gasket, first being sure that the joint sur faces are clean. Dowels are provided In this cover to insure accurate reassembly. To inspect the overspeed trip valve (916 or 930), remove hood (571), disconnect spring (928), remove cap screws and the taper dowel from cover flange and Hit the whole assembly upward, exposing the valve. The overspeed valve and stem assembly may be removed by removing jam nut (925), spring seat (921), spring (922), spring seed (923). and bushing (920). Caotlam Baton these parts are removed mark the position oi the jam nut (925) with aspect to the valve stem (917) ana record this setting. This adjustment setting must be maintained to insure proper seating of the overspeed valve when the unit Is dripped and also to insure sealing the valve stem when toe over speed valve is open. Unlatch spring (928) and re move retaining rings (932) and drive aut pin (931). The resetting lever (927) can then be slid horizon tally off blocks (926). Unscrew connection block (919) from valve stem (917) and the overspeed valve and stem assembly can be withdrawn from cover (569). . Reassemble in the reverse order. The final adjustment of spring (922) should be made with jam nut (925) and this setting must agree, with tho recorded measurement before disassembly. Replace the complete cover assembly and place dowel in position and pull down strongly on the bolding down bolts. It should be noted that this is a metal-to-metal joint with the steam chest and is made up with turbo seal and plastic gasket, first being sure that the joint surfaces are clean. MISCELLANEOUS PIPING CONNECTIONS Refer to Fig. 6 for the miscellaneous piping con nections to the standard turbine. All of these con nections are identified and their uses are described below. Refer to your outline drawing far the specific sizes of all connections and for their exact locations. Section 2 Vuauemfy and /foocmdty All connections ate brought outside the lagging when the turbine Ur insulated and Jagged. "M"--CASING DRAIN--Connect through suitable valve to open drain. Open prior to starting turbine; close when casing is fully drained. Open when tur bine is shut down and exhaust valve is closed. . "X-l" and "X-2"--STEAM CHEST DRAINS-- Con nect through high pressure piping and luitable valves to open drain. Open prior to starting turbine to drain water from steam chest. Close when water ceases to emerge from drain line. Open when tur bine is shut down. V--SHAFT PACKING GLAND LEAKOFF--Con nect to open drain without valve. Be sure that no back pressure is applied to this line. 'T' and "R"--WATER COOLING CONNECTIONS TC BEARING CASES--Located on the side of tur bine. Connect to maximum 85~F water through a ?vop cock and hand valve into T*l; out of T-2; Into R-l; out of R-2 through a one-foot head loop to an open drain. Adjust stop cock to pass approximately 2 qpm of water to the open drain when the valve is wide open. Note; Pressure of cooling water must not exceed 30 psig. When bearings are designed for pressure lubrication, these connections are not furnished. "W" -- SHAFT PACKING GLAND SEALING STEAM CONNECTION -- Furnished only when furfaIne it oparaltd under vacuum. Connect to a high S`assure steam supply through a throttle valve. dmit steam to glands until a wisp of steam leaks out of "L" This prevents air leakage into turbine casing. "P" -- VALVE STEM LEAKOFF -- Furnished only when inlet pressure to tvrbino exceeds 250 psig and/ or Mot temperature exceeds 5Q0CF. Connect to open drain without valve. Be sure that no hack pressure is applied to this line. "V" -- OH, DRAINS -- These openings are to be plugged at all times and are provided for draining the bearing cases. ' GENERAL -- Considerable attention should be given to the installation of miscellaneous piping. Poorly planned and installed piping will greatly detract from the appearance of your installation. All lines should be installed in a neat and orderly fash ion. Drain lines should be grouped and brought to a common drain arrangement. A suggested arrange ment for open drain connections is shown in Fig. 6. All the open drain connections are brought into a common closed collector box with a glass window allowing the operator to visually check the dis charge froln the drain lines. M X-l & X-2 l TSB Casing Drain Steam Cheat Drains Shaft Packing Gland leakoif W _P Shaft Packing Gland Sealing Steam Connection VaW* 3,#m Uakfl Water Cooling Connections to ^ ^ Drains Soaring Casa* Y Pipe top for ncaale ting gauge connection Note: Reiar to outline drawing ior connection sixes and specific locations if 'tfifle jlL___-fi -,i.n ttru uatns m \ COUPLING ENO OFvSHAPT .^HANO VALVE OPEN OOJAtIKNAv1--i 411 iI--1 r 1 R-2 R-l T-2 T-l STOP COCK RECOMMENDED WATER COOLING PIPING HOOKUP STEAM END 3EAKINO CASC HAND TRIP *ihL Iumcchd umcouNrwancreuNrran au OVCRSPEEO TRIP RESET. LEVERS EXHAUST ENO PEDESTAL vM W.60I256 14 OvtRNOR LEVER HAND UAU/ES' TEAM CHEST FLEXIBLE SUPPORT' Fig. 6~~"YR" Miscellaneous Piping Connections Section 3 /fcCjadtmenti akcC (ZCecvuutcec SECTION 3 ADJUSTMENTS AND CLEARANCES CARBON RINGS (512, Fig. I) Adjustments: The shaft under these carbon rings is 3pray coated giving a bard non-corrosive surface which makes possible very close running clearances. All rings, when newly installed, must be "run-in" slowly to achieve the highly polished, glassy sur face required for maximum life. These rings are im pregnated with oil for lubricating during the "run-in" period and may smoke considerably during the first 24 hours of operation. This condition need give the operator no concern. The following procedure is recommended for initial start-up of the turbine and for "run-in" of i*w!y installed carbon rings:- Operate turbine far ten to fifteen minutes at 500 rpm with atmospheric exhaust pressure. If no smoke appears, increase spaed slowly until smoke is visible, and hold at this speed for ap proximately five minutes. (b) Reduce speed to 500 rpm and operate at thi3 condition for approximately five minutea. This allows the shaft to cooL (c) Increase turbine speed to approximately 500 rpm above previous maximum speed and oper ate at this speed for approximately five min utes and then reduce speed 500 rpm for another five minute period to allow shaft to caoL (d) Gradually increase and reduce speed by SQQ rpm steps, alternately until rated speed is ob tained without undue smoking of rings or heat ing of shaft. (e) If continuous operation at rated speed causes excessive smoke and shaft heating, reduce turbine speed and repeat the above sequence. Note; To get a more effective seal when running in rings, the rings can be Jarred against their 3ide sealing faces by lightly tapping the packing cases. (f) When operation at atmospheric exhaust pres sure appears to be satisfactory, gradually in crease the exhaust pressure until the turbine is operating at rated exhaust pressure and speed. ' At. times steam leakage along the shaft is caused by improper seating of the ring against the sides of the packing case grooves due to deposits of foreign material between the rings and their aide seats. The only remedy is to' clean out this foreign matter. To correct leakage due to worn ringe, so-called "fitting" of carbon rings in the field, (the operation whorein the butt onda of the segments af a ring are filed down to reduce the bore of the complete ring), cannot be accomplished satisfactorily. The only sat isfactory correction is to replace the nng with a new one. Clearances: The cold clearance between new rings and the shaft is .001" to .0035". Worn-in clear ances may be considerably higher with satisfactory results. Measurements of ring clearances are un reliable without recourse to proper "go" and "noqo" gages. In the final analysis ring fits are always sat isfactory if steam does not leak out of the packing case along the shaft. HAND VAIVES (554, Fig. 1) Adjustments: Extra banks of nozzles, when ordered, are furnished under control of a hand valve to carry normal full load with reduced steam pres sure, or for part-load economy. Operation with hand valves should be either full-open or full-closed. For maximum efficiency, operate with hand valves as specified. Keep packing tight by adjusting with fol lower (555). Clearances: None requiring checking. BEARING LINERS (523 A 529, Ng. 1) Adjustments: These bearing liners are inter changeable. Bearing halves are positioned relative to each other by locking and positioning Ups on the horizontal spUt. These tips position the bearings in grooves located in the caps and lower halves of the pedestal and bearing case. These bearing Uners do not require scraping or adjustment and none should' be attempted. Clearance;: The bearings are factory fitted to give a cold clearcmce of .006" to'.010" larger than the shaft. Check at long intervals (unit not running) by placing a short strip of fuse wire, radially, in center of bearing on top of shaft and clamp bearing into position. Measure flattened fuse wire by micrometer. The bearing clearance can also be checked by measuring the bearing bore with the bearing clamped in place and the rotor removed. Worn bearings will lead to vibration and should be replaced When they show signs of excessive wear. When putting a new bearing liner in service, put in place and clamp bearing cap into position. Run for five to ten minutes and remove ana inspect bearing to see that operation is satisfactory. BEARING CASE SHAFT SEALS (Fig. 1) Adjustments: Sleeve (645) is part of the shaft seal which prevents the in-leakage of dust, grit and steam to and the out-leakage of oil from the bearing cases. Sleeve (645) ia locked in place on the shaft by two radially opposite set-screws (646). To give maxi mum performance, this sleeve must be adjusted to maintain equal axial clearance with the bearing case and equal radial clearance with the bearing case. Axial clearance should be maintained between a maximum of .064" and a minimum of .054". Radial clearance Should be maintained between a maxi mum of .0145" and a minimum of .010". CONSTANT SPEED MECHANICAL GOVERNOR (FIf. 4) Adjustments: The turbine nameplate shows the ratod speed at which your turbine should operate under full load and contract steam conditions. Any substantial variation from these conditions should 15 jp'eette# 3 0MAOHce& only be attempted alter consulting the nearest Elliott Company District Office- Minor variations of speed adjustment to suit minor changes in operating loads are obtained by tighten ing adjusting nut (668) for an increase in speed, and slacking off on this nut to decrease speed. Ball bearing (662) and spindle bearing (659) are designed to take the thrust of the governor valve. These bearings must rotate freely at all times and the end play should be very slight. If this end play becomes appreciable, the operation of the governor will be affected. There are no adjustments on these bearings, thus, if the end play becomes appreciable, bearings should be replaced. All possible precautions should be exercised to keep these bearings dean. It is advisable to inspect and clean bearings on initial atari-up and on peri odic inspection shutdowns. Clearances: Pin (672) should be cm easy fit in gov ernor lever (671) and connection (655)- Governor woight assemblies (665) should always be well seated and no clearance should exist between the weights and bearing case .(663). The slightest motion of the weights should be transmitted to the spindle assembly without any play. GOVERNOR LIVER (671, Fig. 4) Adjustment!.* Kona. Clearances; Lever pins (672, 675, 677) and connec tions (654, 655) should be kept clean and well oiled. A good sliding fit should be maintained at all times ana when wear is excessive parts should be replaced. It should be noted that fulcrum bracket (674) has a series of holes giving various governor lever ratios. Thia selection of lever ratios affords the selection of proper governor spindle travel with respect to gov ernor valve travel lor each application and thus gives optimum speed regulation for the design con ditions of the unit. Caution: Proper lever ratio and valve travel on your unit has been .set at tbe factory. Upon disas sembly and subsequent reassembly, extreme care should be exercised to replace pin (675) in its orig inal position. -GOVERNOR VALVE (651, Fig. 4) Adjustments: Tbe travel of the governor valve should be the minimum required to enable the tur bine to carry full load under the contract steam con ditions. The maximum valve travel should not be greater than 7/16". Valve setting may be determined and recorded as follows: With the unit standing still, measure from the inside face at valve stem jam nut (946) to the face of gland loilower (574) and record this dimension. Loosen jam nut (946) slightly and turn valve stem (652) clockwise until the valve seats. With the valve in this seated position, again take the measurement as above. The difference between these two meas urements is the governor valve travel. Beset valve to original position. Clearances: Valve stem (625) must at all times move freely in packing (573). After adjusting fol ic lower (574) to take up on packing, try movement of the valve stem to insure free movement. ROTOR LOCATING BEARING (633, Fig. 1) Adjustments: Not adjustable. This bearing locates the cadal position of the rotor assembly with respect to the stationary parts of tbe unit. It carries no radial load and is located tight against the accurately machined shoulder on the shaft. Kota that this bear ing is of the single shield type. Correct assembly of the bearing is with the shield toward governor and with the bievel on snap ring (622) away from the bearing. Clearances; Large radial clearance (carries no radial load) and negligible axial clearance or end float. NOZZLE RING (601, Fig. 1) Adjustments: None. Clearances; Normally 1/16" between nozzle ring (601) and the shroud of the first disc assembly (630). Minor variations in this adjustment are permissi ble. This clearance is obtained by feeler gage meas urement and should be checked whenever rotor assembly, nozzle ring, or bucket holder is removed from tbe turbine and is reassembled. OVERSPEED TRIP AND LINKAGE (Fig. 3) Adjustments: The turbine speed at which trip pin (938) flies out and closes the averspeed valve (916) may be adjusted by removing "U" lock staple (942) ana resetting adjusting nut (937). Loosening this nutdecreases tbe trip speed and tightening increases the trip speed. Should adjustment of the adjusting nut fall short of the desired increase in speed, washers (941) must be added. Clearance between trip pin (938) and plunger assembly (936) can be adjusted with jack screw (3451 and Jam nut (946). Tho jam nut must be locked in place under all condi tions of operation. Overspeed valve (916) must be adjusted so that the upper end of the valve is seated in the guide in cover (569) when in the reset position and against the valve seat in tbe steam chast when it is In the tripped position. The overspeed valve is kept seated against tbe guide in cover (569) by means of spring (822), thus insuring sealing of the valve stem and preventing leakage. Jam nut (925) must always lock bushing (920) between spring seat (921) and connec tion block (919) as this controls the spring load on the overspeed valve when it is in the reset position. To adjust the positions of lever (927) and overspeed valve (9IS) disconnect spring (928) from lever (927) and unlock jam nut (925). When the bottom oi tbe resetting lever knife edge (933) is W below the top of the hand trip lever knife edge (934), the overspend valve (916) must be seated in the guide in cover (569). The position of the overspeed valve is adjusted by turning it in the threaded connection block (919) to raise or lower it. Tension spring (928) insures the closing at the overspend valvo when the turbine is tripped. To in sure sufficient closing force, anchor bolt (929) must be drawn against the flange by means of jam nuts (552). ATH--1TK CTI-OY* lUdUl lu*n(4 CfMriK. fcilMilng CImmik* SecUo* 3 <utct (ZUontuvcM y ll/lt'* W-80J6EO Ffg. 7--Cold Clearance Diagram This drawing shows the various cold clearances between rotating and stationary elements of the tur bine. Theeo clearances should be maintained to get optimum performance from your turbine. Whenever adjustments are made, warn parts replaced, or general overhaul made, check all clearances against values given in this diagram. Auxiliary resetting lever (349) facilitates the open ing of overspeed valve (916) when the turbine is under full steam pressure. This lever must be re turned to theposition shown in Fig. 4, by torque spring (950). The torque in thin spring may be in creased by taking additional turns on the spring. Clearances: The 1/16" clearance shown between trip pin (938) and plunger assembly (836) must be maintained. Valve stem (917) clearance in bushing (570) is .007" to .009" and valve stem clearance at the lands between the guide bushing is .0035" to .005". Valve stem and bushing should be kept clean and free from scale to prevent valve from sticking. Linkage pins (931), shoulder bolt (943), block (926) and con* nectian block (919) are to be free sliding fits. A clearance of 1/16" should be maintained between block (926) and connection block (919). WATER COOLING OF BEARINGS Bearing oil in standard ring-oiled units is cooled by means of cored cooling water passages in the lower halves of the pedestal and bearing case as shown in Fig. 1. The oil surrounds the outside of these water passages while the cooling water is passed through the inside. Cooling water enters through an internal tube to prevent short circuiting the cooling water circuit. Fig. 6 gives the recommended water cooling piping hookup. The pressure of the cooling water must not exceed 50 psig. Approximately 1 gpm of water at 85F. maximum is required per bearing for proper cooling. n Section 4 TKodCfteatom* aj Sta*d*nd Iwtfau. SECTION 4 MODIFICATIONS OF STANDARD TURBINE HAND OPERATED SPEED CHANGER {Refer to Figure 8) The hand operated speed changer permits accu rate speed adjustment of 20 percent of the maximum full load turbine speed while the turbine is running. The constant speed mechanical governor retains a& curate speed control over the entire operating speed range of the turbine. The speed changes assembly is attached to the steam end bearing case through bracket (685) on one end and to the governor lever on the other end. The speed changer is adjusted at the factory and pinned in position to giva the specified range of speeds and should not require further attention. The speed changer gives a fixed speed range of opera tion and should any required operating speed fall outside the range, the compression in the main gov ernor spring must be adjusted. The constant speed mechanical governor should always be set for the minimum desired full load speed with handwheel (689) backed off so that by turning the handwheel clockwise, the turbine speed is increased. Pin (690) acts as a stop, limiting the maximum speed of the turbino. The spaed changer should not be set beyond this set posioon as undue strain will be placed on the governor spindle bear ing adversely affecting its life. On dual drive turbine units, adjust the speed changer to give a turbine no-load speed slightly. less than the motor speed at lull load. If the motor fails and the turbine takes the load, bring the turbine speed up to the normal full load speed with the speed Changer. When the motor again takes the load, reduce the turbine speed with Ore hand speed changer. . MOTOR AND HAND OPERATED SPEED CHANGER (Refer re Figure 9) The motor and hand operated speed changer is used to adjust the turbine speed when the turbine is operated alone, or to synchronize and adjust the load when the turbine is operated in parallel with the other units. Increasing the tension in spring (876) by turning handwheel (879) counterclockwise, raises the speed or in case of parallel operation increases the load at constant speed. Turning the handwheel clockwise decreases the speed or in the case of parallel operation decreases the load at constant speed. The speed can also be increased or decreased from the switchboard by means of motor speed reducing unit (890) which drives the handwheel and worm wheel, shaft (889). through the worm gear built into the motor, coupling (887), a second worm (885) and worm wheel (884), friction clutch spring (882) and spring seats (881). The motor can be rotated in either direction by means of a reversing switch on the switchboard. Stop locknut (877) on stem (878) limits the speed changer travel and resultant tension in spring (876)* Should the speed changer motor be allowed to run after contact of stop locknut (877) with outer face of handwheel (879), the friction clutch will slip and thus prevent damage to the speed changer motor. The motor is a split held, universal type having three connection leads and is wired as shown by the wiring diagram in Fig. 9. The speed changer assembly is attached to the steam end bearing case through bracket (891) which is rabbeted into the end oi the steam end bearing case and is held in position by four bolts. The speed changer assembly housing (892), which is bolted to the adapter bracket, carries all tbo speed changer parts and also the bracket to which the speed reduc ing unit is bolted. Fig. 9 shows clearly the actual details of construction and no further description is deemed necessary.. To disassemble, unhook spring (876) and remove stop locknut (877). Before the locknut is removed, record the distance from the locknut face to the bandwheel face. Reassembly should be made to this dimension. Screw a standard ft"--II nut over stem (878) down against the face oi the handwheel. Re move set screw (880) which locks the handwheel ta worm wheel shaft (883). Note that the standard nut screwed on the stem prevents Ute friction dutch from flying apart. Loosen the standard nut on the stem and dutch spring (882) will force the handwheel off the worm wheel shaft. Remove the standard nut and handwheel. Remove guide (884) and stem (878) can be unscrewed from the worm wheel shaft. Remove cover (893) and the worm wheel and shaft may be taken out. Reverse procedure for assembly. FIg. 8--Hand Operated Speed Changer Caution: Position of step locknut (877) is set on test at the factory and this position should always be maintained. The constant speed mechanical gov ernor must always be set for the minimum desired 18 atiu* ...................,., 0::.iia[jjpj|||||. j||^, Sec&a* 4 `TKwttftCiU&Hvi of Sfatufand TWate full load speed with the speed changer stem hacked oft and practically no tension in spring (876). This procedure permits proper adjustment ot the constant speed marhamcql-govetnor and also prevents over loading the constant speed mechanical governor spindle bearing. Oil cups (888) and (889) and those on the motor and built-in speed reducer should be filled with engine oil once each week. MST9UST S7S Laaar 878 Spring 877 Stop lockout 878 Stem 878 HemawbMl 880 Sat Sa*w 881 Spring Saat 882 Spring 883 Worn Whaat Shaft 884 Watm-WhMl 883 Won* 888 Basing 887 Coupling 889 OU Cup 889 Oil Cup aso Spvari Baduciag Vail 891 Adapter 882 Housing 893 Corcr 834 Quida ass Fig. 9--Motor and Hand Operated Speed Changer 19 SetUo* 4 'THacUftcetfiMA StOMckltd *7un6i*c TYPE "O" VARIABLE SPEED GOVERNOR (Refer to Figures 10 and II) This governor is a modification applied to th, standard turbine, replacing the standard constant speed mechanical shaft governor. It is iwd in the speed range of 800 to 6000 rpm and gives a steadystate speed regulation of B percent at maximum speed and 20 percent at minimum speed. A speed adjustment of 3:1 can be obtained while the turbine is running. Figure 10 shows the general arrangement of the oil piping for this type of governor, the oil pump takes the oil from the oil tank and pumps it to the relief valve (always set for 25#). through the control valve to the pressure governor, and through the oil filter, oil cooler and key valve, and into the turbine lubricating system and back to the oil tank. The key valve is used to adjust the pressure in the lubricat ing system to 5# (5# to 7# is satisfactory). Figure 11 shows the general arrangement of the governor. The oil pump is usually driven from the front end of the turbine shaft. On geared turbine units, the oil pump may be driven from the gear shaft and. in this case, the steam end bearing case arrangement is different. Both arrangements are shown in Fig. 11. In some cases, an cnr operated remote control arrangement is rued with this type governor and this arrangement is shown in phantom. The variable speed governor is of the direct acting type and is made up of four major parts: 1. Positive displacement oil pump. 2. An enclosed diaphragm which is connected to the turbine governor valve through a bell crank. 3. An adjustable type orifice referred to 03 the con trol veuve. 4. An oil distribution system. (See Figure 10.) The rate of discharge from the oil pump is directly proportional to the pump speed and is therefore directly proportional to the turbine speed. For any given load on the turbine, a definite governor valve opening is required. The required governor valve opening is obtained at the equilibrium position where the oil pressure on the top side of the dia phragm is balanced by the spring compression on tho bottom'of the diaphragm. The oil pressure on the top of the diaphragm is regulated by the control valve which by-passes oil directly to the oil reservoir. The turbine speed will remain constant far any fixed setting of the control valve and any fixed load. The turbine speed may be brought to any desired value within a fixed speed range by opening or aloeing this valve. Closing the control valve decreases the turbine Speed and opening tha control valve in creases the turbine speed. It should be noted that in effect the control valve is the speed changing device. The upper limit of the control valve opening must always be set for the maximum full load speed of the turbine (see nameplate). Thus the speed change is always downward from this setting. ' A relief valve is connected between the pressure ' side of the primary oil system and the oil tank to prevent an excessive pressure being built up in the diaphragm chamber, thus rupturing the dia phragm. This relief valve should not discharge oil unless pressure exceeds 25 pounds. ' Disassembly and Assembly Tho pressure governor is fastened to adapter (802) through yoke (817) with set screws. Adapter (802) is bolted to bracket (801), which in turn is bolted and doweled to the steam chest governor valve cover assembly. Stem (818) is guided in bushing (803) which is pressed into adapter (802). Any movement of stem (818) is transmitted through connection (807) to blocks (808) to bell crank (804), and then from the bell crank through pin (677) and connection (654) to the governor valve stem and valve. Bell crank (804) is pivoted on shoulder bolt (805) in bracket (801). To mount the pressure governor with adapter (802) on 20 Section. 4 'TKodi^ccatConO o St&tdaid *7un6i*tc to bracket (801), slide stem (818) into the 3lot in the top oi brocket (BO)) and guide blocks (808) into con nection (807) and bolt adapter (802) to the top lace o( bracket (801). Disassembly ol this mechanism is ac complished in the reverse order. To replace diaphragm (826) in the pressure gover nor, proceed as follows: Remove tne oil line and relieve the spring compression by backing oil ad justing nut (822) in the yoke. Take oil upper dia phragm casing (815) by removing the bolts. Hold the diaphragm rod (821) and remove travel stop nut (832), seal washers (830 and 829), and rubber washer (831). Lift oil the diaphragm from diaphragm head (825) and replace. Reassemble in the reverse order. Reset tbe oil pressure on the diaphragm to 17 pounds by adjusting nut (822) (turning clockwise er>; the pressure). Whc-^ the oi] pump is driven from the front end oi the turbine shaft, it is bolted to adapter (701) which in rtUTi Li bolted (679) to the steam end bearing case. The pump is located in adapter (701) by a rabbet and the adapter la located In the bearing case by a closely machined turn. Tbe pump is driven from the turbine shaft through trip body (703) which is coupled (707) to tbe pump shaft. The trip body is shrunk onto the turbine wait and held in place by set screw (678). The trip body also houses the overtrpood trip pin assembly. The all pump can be removed, by removing the oil lines to the pump and removing the bolts in the pump Range and withdrawing the pump. The pump hall of coupling assembly (707) will come off with the pump. Adjustments and Clearances 1. Governor Volvo Trove/ -- With the turbine stand ing still and without pressure on the pressure gov ernor, put sufficient compression on spring (824) to force the diaphragm (828) to its uppermost posi tion. Adjust upper and lower jam nuts (925) until upper bell crank arm (804) is approximately level ana lack jam nuts. Release Jam nut (346) on gov ernor valve stem and turn governor valve stem clockwise until the governor valve is firmly on its seat. Mark the valve stem where it emerges from follower (574). Turn the governor valve stem counter clockwise until this mark Is 7/16" from the follower and lock it In position with jam nut (946).' 2. Xe/fof Va/ve -- The relief valve should be set to relieve at 25 pounds, and may be tested with air or water. 3. Pressure Governor Diaphragm -- The' dll pressure on diaphragm (826) is to be adjusted to 17 to 18 pounds at full rated load on tbe turbine. This ad'ustment corresponds to 19 to 20 pounds at no oad on the turbine. The diaphragm adjustment is made by adjusting nut (822). Turning this nut clockwise lowers the pressure ana turning counter-clockwise raises the pressure. Not*; It is important to have the system free oi air or vapor at all times. Turn handle of the oil filter to relieve trapped air and vapor and bleed the system at frequent intervals through the petcock located in the diaphragm chamber piping. 22 Readjust the secondary oil pressure to 5 to 7 pounds with the key valve and reset the control valve'to give lull operating speed on the turbine. 4. Control Valve -- The lock nut adjustment (723) lor setting tbe upper limit of the control valve travel is inside the valve and can be reached by remov ing the pipe plug in the valve body (720). To read just the valve, the turbine must be shut down. Remove the pipe plug and turn the valve handle until set. smew (748) is opposite the pipe plug hole. Insert wrench and loosen set screw but do not ' remove the set screw. Allow wrench to stay en gaged in the set screw and turn needle valve (721) to the dosed position. This action will put the lock nut at the upper end of tbe needle valve threads. Leave set screw loose and remove set screw wrench, replace pipe plug and start turbine up slowly. Open tbe control valve slowly until the upper limit of speed is obtained. Shut turbine dawn, remove pipe plug and turn valve handle ' to bring set screw (748) opposite bole. Tighten set screw securely an lock nut and replace tbe pipe plug. The rate of flow through the control valve varies with the oil temperature and viscosity and there fore all final settings must be made with the oil up to operating temperature. When an air operated remote control valve is used inbonjunction with the manual control valve, the isolating valve ahead of the air operated valve must be dosed before making the adjustments de scribed in this section. Likewise when adjusting the air operated valve, the manual control valve must be dosed. For details of adjustment, con struction and operation of the air operated control valve, refer to instructions furnished by the valve . manufacturer. 5. Imo Oil Pump -- During the initial starting or after the turbine has been shut down for a protracted period it is of prime importance to see mat pump and suction pipe are completely filled with oil. Air or vapor trapped in the suction piping or pump will cause failure of the pump to prune, resulting in damage to the oil pump and the turbine. A vent connection is provided In the discharge side of the pump to vent any air or vapor as the pump is started. If the pump does not build up pressure, it should be primed and tried again. U the pump doe* not pick up oil immediately after priming, there may be a leak in the suction line or tbe trou ble may be traced to excessive suction lift caused by some obstruction in the line. ' 6. U the governor shows a tendency to hunt, it may be due to one of the stems rubbing In a sleeve or to lost motion between the governor and the gov ernor valve. It may also be due to air trapped in. the system, in which case it should be vented out through connection provided. The bell crank should be checked to see that there is no play and lost motion. Gland followers should not be screwed up too tightly to cause steam to stick. Bushing (803) should be checked for signs of bard rubbing and should be relieved If necessary. Tbe relief valve should be set to open at not less than 25 pounds pressure. Seetta* 4 'WfaUfiteUittM 6$ Standwid HunSbtt TYPE V`P" CONSTANT SPIED OIL RELAY GOVERNOR (Refer to Figure 12) The constant speed mechanical shaft governor meets the requirements oi the large majority of me chanical drive turbines. However, there are some applications of these turbines that require more sen sitive governor action and closer regulation of speed under variable load conditions and the constant speed oil relay type governor is used for such appli cations. This governor is used in the speed range of 1000 to 4S0Q rpm and gives a steadv-state speed reg ulation of four percent for gradual changes of full rated load. A hand operated speed changer (Fig ure 8) is usually furnished with this governor. This governor consists of the standard constant r peed mechanical governor which operates the gov ernor valve through an oil pilot mechanism which is bolted and doweled, to the steam chest cover through bracket (736). The lower connection of the governor lever to pilot valve (741) is made through block (746) which is pinned to tbe pilot valve. Block (746) is held in place in the end of the pilot valve by pin (745). Spring (740) is provided to take up any lost motion in the pilot valve attachment to tbe governor lever. The governor valve and stem is secured to pis ton (742) by nut (747), jam nut (946), and set screw (748). The valve stem is threaded into nut (747) which in turn is threaded into the end of piston (742). A3 the turbine comes up to speed, the governor weight assemblies are forced outward by centri fugal force against the compression of the governor spring. As tbe governor weights move out, the gov ernor spindle is moved out. This movement is trans mitted through the governor lever (749) to' the central pilot valve (741). OU under pressure is admitted con tinuously to the inside of hollow piston (742) from a gear oil pump ((hives by worm and gear from the turbine snait on direct connected turbines or from the idle end of the low speed gear shaft on geared turbine units). The relief valve in the oil system is adjusted so that a pressure of 30 to 40 pounds per square inch is maintained on the governor. As tbe turbine comes up to speed, pilot valve (741) moves to the left and admits oil to the outer end of the oil cylinder (737) and allows oil to be discharged from the.inner end of the cylinder. The resulting excess oi oil pressure at the outer end of the cylinder causes the oil piston to follow the pilot valve simultaneously to the left, moving the governor valve toward the valve seat/ until the proper speed is obtained and the governor valve passes the amount of steam re quired to carry the existing load. Slots are provided in piston (742) to allow the pilot valve and governor lever to move relative to the piston. Ad|w*tments The governor, the oil pilot mechanism, and the overnar valve are set at the factory for design canitions and these settings should not be changed unless absolutely necessary. The construction and the adjustment af the gover nor and the governor linkage is described in Section 2 and 3 under "Constant Speed Mechanical Gover nor -and Linkage." It may, at times be necessary to adjust the governor with tbe governor spring adjust ing nut to meet some particular operating condition. It should be noted that such adjustment should be made to taka care of comparatively small speed changes only, say 10 to 15 percent. Should greater speed variations be required, consult Elliott Com pany, since sometimes changes in governor weights and springs are necessary. Adjustment of the governor valve is secured by loosening jam nut (946) and turning the valve stem in or out of nut (747) with a small wrench on the squared part of the valve stem. Jam nut (946) must be tightened after adjusting the valve. To check the setting of the governor proper, ae received from the factory, or alter any change in valve setting has been made, proceed as follows: With the turbine shut down and the governor weights in their innermost position remove oil cyl inder cover (738). Move oil piston (742) by hand until the inner edge of the slotted discharge port at the outer end of toe piston is In line with the inner edge of the narrow enlarged part of the pilot valve. Tins position is shown in Figure 12 and corresponds to the full open position of the governor valve. Measure and record tbe distance from the end of governor, spring adjusting nut (868), fig. 4, to the outer face of the governor lever, at a point opposite the centerline extension of the governor spindle. Next remove crescent retaining ring (673) and pin (672) and move the governor valve to its closed posi tion. again lining up the pilot valve and piston as directed above. Again measure and record the distance from the end of the governor spring adjusting nut (668), Fig. 4. to the outer face of the governor lever as before. The difference between these two measurements gives the governor spindle travel required to move the governor valve from its open or full load position to its closed or no load position. This spindle travel must net exceed W in any case. Should the spindle travel exceed V*" the full load valve opening must be decreased by backing the governor valve stem out of nut (747) and the governor spindle travel must be rechecked. Replace oil cylinder cover (738). In case it is determined by trial that the full valve opening is not required to carry full load with nor mal steam conditions, it is sometimes advantageous to Utilize the outer rango of the, total swing of the governor weights, rather than the inner range. In order to adjust the governor to use the outer range, swing the governor lever out of the way by remov ing pins (672 and 675). Loosen jam nut (946) on the governor spindle (657) and turn connection (855) fur ther onto the threaded governor spindle by the re quired amount. Tighten jam nut (946) and replace governor lever ana pins. Recheck the governor set ting as described above to make sure that the limit ing total spindle travel has not been exceeded and that the governor does not come up against the gov ernor stop screws before the governor valve is en tirely closed. Also oil piston (742) should not come in against the bottom of the oil cylinder before tho governor valve is closed. Improper or erratic governor operation is usually 23 Section. 4 'THetUfCecUion af Stiutdaid 07*6i*& caused by lost motion due to worn parts or by stick ing or binding in the steam chest, pilot valve, oil pis ton, or in the governor itseii. If such operation Is en countered, shut the turbine down and look lot worn pins and blocks in the governor lever connections. Remove the oil cylinder cover (738) and move the oil piston and the governor valve in and out. If the pis ton moves freely, it would indicate that the trouble is elsewhere. If lost motion is felt, see If governor valve' is worn loose on the valve stem. If binding is felt, see if the valve stem packing is too tight, and also see if valve stem moves freely in its guides. These guides may be scaled over. Block (746) and pin (745) should be kept clean and free. Replace all worn parts, keep everything free and use plenty of light engine oil on all moving parts. Be sure that oil feed and return lines are clean and free from all obstruction and that no car is trapped in the system. zziumtlR Steam Chest (See Fig. 4) Governor Valve and Seat brain 737 [\ 738 739 Oil Inlet Ollftetum xeuaso 835 Connection 672 Pin 673 Retaining Ring 674 Fulcrum Bracket 675 Pin 685 Bracket 686 Tension Spring PARTS LIST 687 Stem 689 Handwheel 690 Pin ' 736 Bracket 737 Cylinder 738 Cover 739 Cap 740 Spring 741 Pilot Valve 742 Piston 743 Piston Ring 744 Stop Pin 745 746 Block 747 Nut 748 Set Screw 748 Lever 946 Jam Nut Fig. 12--Type "P" Constant Speed Oil Relay Governor 24 TYPE "PO" VARIABLE SPEED Oil. RELAY GOVERNOR (Refer to Figures 13 and 14) This governor is used in the normal speed rang of 2400 to 6000 rpm with 3:1 speed adjustment while turbine is running. A speed lower than 2400 rpra is obtainable with speed adjustment less than 3:1. A steady state speed regulation oi 4 percent at maxi mum speed and 20 percent at minimum speed can be obtained. -- Figures 13 and 14 show the general arrangement oi the governor. The oil pumps are usually driven from the front end of the turbine shaft. On geared turbine units, the main oil pump may be driven from the gear shaft end and in mis case the governing oil pump only is driven from the front end of the turbine shaft. In some cases an air operated remote control arrangement is used with this type governor and this arrangement is shown in phantom. The governor is made up of the following major parts: (1) Positive displacement oiTpumpa, (2) Relay governor consisting of an enclosed piston connec tion to the governor valve and a pilot valve control ling the flow of oil to and from the piston, (3) An adjustable type orifice referred to as the hand con trol valve, (4) A bellows assembly, (5) An oil distri bution system. -- The rate of discharge tram the oil pump is directly proportional to the pump speed and is therefore directly proportional to the turbine speed. For any given load on the turbine, a definite valve opening is required. The required governor valve opening is obtained at the equilibrium position where the oil pressure on the bellows is balanced by the opposing spring. The turbine speed will remain approximately con stant for any fixed setting of the control valve and any fixed load. The turbine speed may be brought to any desired value within a fixed speed range by opening or closing this valve. Closing the control valve decreases the turbine speed ana opening the control valve increases the turbine speed. It should be noted that, in effect, the control valve in the speed changing device. A relief valve is connected between the pressure side of the primary oil system and the oil tank to prevent cm excessive pressure being built up in tha bellows chamber and thus rup turing the bellows. This relief valve should not dis charge oil unless the pressure exceeds 50 pounds. Any change in load results in a momentary change in flow of oil and a slight change of pressure in the 45-pound control line, causing the bellows (786) to move to the right on increase in pressure and to the left on decrease in pressure. This movement is transmitted through governor lever (787) to the pilot valve (741). Oil under pressure u admitted continu ously to the inside of the hollow piston (742). As the turbine is brought up to speed and the oil pressure . in the bellows chamber increases slightly above 45 pounds, the pilot valve (741) moves to the left through governor lever (787) and admits oil to the outer end of the oil cylinder (737) and allows oil to be dis charged from the inner end of the cylinder. The re sulting excess oil pressure at the outer end of the cylinder causes the oil piston to follow the pilot simultaneously to the left, moving the governor Valve toward the valve seat, until the proper speed is obtained and the governor valve passes the amount of steam required to carry the existing load. Slots are provided in the piston (742) to allow the pilot valve and governor lever to move relative to the piston. The control valve is an adjustable orifice which controls the oil pressure by controlling the oil flow. The turbine may be brought to any desired value within a fixed speed range by opening or clos ing this valve. Disassembly and Assembly This relay governor is bolted and doweled to the steam chest cover through bracket (792). The lower connection of the governor lever (787) to pilot valve (741) Is made through block (746) which is pinned to,the pilot valve. Block (746) is held in place m the end of the pilot valve by pin (745). Spring (740) is provided to take up any lost motion in the pilot valve attachment to the governor lever. The governor valve and stem is secured to piston (742) by nut (747). jam nut (946) and set screw (748). The valve stem is threaded into nut (747) which in turn is threaded into the end of piston (742). ' Bellows assembly (786) is housed in case (1245) which in bolted to bracket.(792) and which in turn is bolted to the governor valve steam chest cover. To replace the bellows assembly (786) proceed as follows: Relieve the spring compression by loosen ing jam nuts (1302) and backing off the set screws (1303) which hold spring plate (798) in place. Re move spring seat (793), spring (788) and spring plate (798), leaving end plate (1306) in place. Disconnect the governor lever (787) from case (1245) and con nection (794) by removing elastic atop nuts (1250), bushings (1247) and special bolts (1246). Unscrew connection (794), take off spacers (79S) and (1244), and disconnect bellows assembly (786) by removing machine bolts (1301) and cover (791). Reassemble in reverse order and lubricate the needle bearings (1248) with a high temperature grease. Figure 13 show3 a duplex oil pump bolted to adapter (708) which in turn is bolted to the steam end bearing case. The pump is driven from the tur bine shaft through trip body (709) caid coupling (718) on the pump shaft. The trip body (709), which houses the overspeed trip assembly, is shrunk on the tur bine shaft and held in place by set screw (678). The pump can be removed by loosening the oil lines, removing the bolts in the pump flange and with drawing. The pump half of coupling assembly (718) Will come off with the pump. Figure 14 shows a large oil pump and a small oil pump dual driven from the turbine shaft through trip body (709) winch houses the overspeed trip assem bly, is shrunk on the turbine shaft and held in place by set screw (678). The large pump is bolted to adapter (1202) which in turn is boltea to the steam end bearing case. It is driven from the trip body through coupling assembly (1204). The small pump 25 Sec#** 4 HMetUatt*** Steutdand a7<tn6i*u is bolted to adapter (1203) which in turn i3 bolted to the largo pump casing (1210). It is driven from the large pump shaft extension through coupling assem bly (1205). If the large oil pump (Figure 14) is to be disassem bled for rotor inspection or replacement of parts, it can be accomplished by removing the bolts from nod cover (1213), then tapping inboard end of power rotor (1218) with a wooden block or hammer handle removing bearing cap (1214), end cover (1213), re taining ring (1215), ball bearing (1218), thrust block (1217), when used, and the rotors (1218) and (1218) as a unit. If necessary, the rotor housing (1220) and balance piston bousing (1221) may be removed by tapping the balance piston bousing with a wooden block or hammer handle after having removed the stop pin, when used, from the rotor housing. Because ot the importance of accurate alignment of the pump, it is recommended that the joint between the casing (1210) and the mounting bracket (1211) never be dis turbed unless it becomes necessary to replace the gasket. Assembly is accomplished in reverse order. U the adjusting screws (1222) have been disturbed, or new parts Installed, carefully adjust these screws by measurement so as to give .003" clearance be tween the top of the screw and die contact surface when end cover (1213) and gasket (1223) are in con tact with bearing cap (1214). This gasket is normally .010" thick and will compress about .003" when bolts are tightened. Adjustments and Clearances The governor and governor valve are adjusted and set at the factory for design conditions and those settings should not be changed unless abso lutely necessary. To check the setting of the governor and gover nor valve as received from the factory or after any change has been made, proceed as follows: With the turbine shut down, remove spring seat (793) , spring (788), spring plate (798) and oil cylinder cover (738). With bellows pushed to extreme left (spacer (795) tight against the outside of the bellows end plate) measure and record the distance between the outer face of connection (794) and bellows end plate. With bellows in this position, move oil piston (742) by hand until the inner edge of the slotted dis charge port at the outer end of the piston is in line with the inner edge of the narrow enlarged port of the pilot valve. This position corresponds to toe full open position of the governor valve. Next pull the bellows stem to the extreme right (the bellows stop tight against the inside of the bellows end plate) and move the governor valve to its closed position. In this position the oil piston (742) and pilot valve (741) should line up as heretofore mentioned. Again measure and record the distance between the outer face of connection (794) and bellows end plate. The difference between these two measure ments gives the bellows travel required to move the governor valve from its full open or full load posi tion to its closed position. The bellows travel must not exceed Vi". Should it exceed Vi", the connection (794) on the bellows stem should be rotated on the threads after removing the governor lever (787). Should it be necessary to adjust the bellows travel, the governor lever should be replaced and the gov ernor valve adjusted In the closed position with the ports in the piston and pilot valve lined up as here tofore mentioned. Adjustment of the governor valve is made by loosening jam nut (946) and turning the valve stem in nut (747) with a small wrench on the squared part of the valve stem. Jam nut (946) must he securely tightened after adjusting the valve. The position shown in the figures corresponds to the mid position of the governor valve. Reassemble spring and component parts and oil cylinder cover. The spring should be adjusted for approximately 45 pounds when unit is operating at maximum no-load turbine speed conditions. The relief valve between the discharge side of the oil pump and oil tank should be adjusted for 50 pounds pressure and should not release oil at a pressure lower than this setting. The relief valve between the main pump and relay governor should be adjusted for 35 to 40 pounds pressure. . The relief valve in the lubrication system should be adjusted for 5 to 7 pounds pressure. The rate of flow through the control valve varies with the oil' temperature and viscosity and therefore all final settings must be made with the oil up to operating temperature. When the air-operated remote control valve is used in coniuction with the hand control valve, the isolating valve ahead of the air-operated valve must be closed before making the adjustments described above. For details of adjustment, construction, and operation of the air-operated valve, refer to instruc tions furnished by the valve manufacturer. An auxiliary hand speed control is used in emer gency to continue operation of the unit in the event of failure of the governing oil pump. It controls the position of the governor lever which in turn positions the pilot and governor valve. Precautions Improper or erratic governor operation is usually caused by lost motion due ta worn parts or by stick ing in the steam chest, pilot valve, oil piston or in the linkage. If such operation is encountered, shut the turbine down and look tor worn pins and blocks in the governor lever connections. Remove oil cylinder cover (738) and move the oil piston and governor valve in and out. U binding is felt, see if valve stem paalcing fat too tight, also see that valve stem and piston move freely In the guides. These guides may be scaled over. Replace all worn parts, keep every thing free and use light engine oil on all moving parts. Be sure that oil feed and return lines are clean and free from all obstructions and that no cat is trapped in the system. During the initial starting or after the turbine hem been shut down for a protracted period or the oil pumps have been dismantled, it is of prime impor tance to see that the pump and suction pipe are com pletely filled with oil. Air or vapor trapped in the suction piping or pump will cause failure of the 26 Section 4 7%odiic<itioH0 St<zn<&vici Rump to prime, resulting in damage to the oil pump nd the turbine. II the pump does not build up pres sure, it should be primed and tried again. If the pump does not pick up oil immediately after prim ing, there may be a leak in the suction line or the trouble may be traced to excessive suction lift caused by some obstruction in the line. TYPE "F" BUILT-IN PUMP TYPE GOVERNORS (Refer to Figurer IS and 1*} For certain applications, such as boiler feed pump drives it is desirable to automatically control the tur bine speed so as to maintain a constant pump dis charge pressure or a constant pressure differential at the pump discharge. The Built-In Constant or Gifferential Pump Governor is used for such applica tions. This type of governor is used in the speed range of 0 to 4S00 rpm. Pressure adjustment is impendent on the pressure governor design. Figure 15 shows a typical Constant Pressure Pump Gover nor and Figure IS shows a typical Differential Pres sure Pump Governor. These pressure governors supplement the standard constant speed governor and control the turbine speed, as a function of the governor pressure, by direct action on the turbine governor valve. The standard constant speed gov ernor, which is set at a speed slightly higher than the normal full load operating speed, acts as a pre emergency device to prevent the turbine overspeed ing and tripping out the overspeed governor in case the pressure governor fails or is out of service. Constant Pressure Type (Refer to Figure IS) Disassembly and Assembly The pressure governor consists essentially of the following parts: housing, (A), within which is the controlling diaphragm; yoke (B), winch contains the adjusting spring (Cl and the adjusting screw (D). Connection (E) at the top of the governor is con nected to the control pressure line. The control pres sure operates on the top of the diaphragm against the adjusting spring (C). The pressure governor Is fastened to adapter (802)' through yoke (B), with set screws. Adapter (602) is bolted to bracket (801), which in turn ia bolted and doweled to the Bteam chest governor valve cover assembly. Stem (F) is guided in bushing (803), which Is pressed into adapter (802). Any movement of stem (F) is trans mitted through connection (807) to blocks (808) to bell crank (804), and then from the bell crank through pin (877) and connection (654) to the governor valve stem and valve. Ball crank (804) is pivoted on shoulder bolt (805) in bracket (801). Parts are assembled on stem (F) in the following order: Jam nuts (925), connection (807), upper spring seat (809), spring (810), spring (811), lower soring seat (809), and lower jam nuts (925). Blocks (808) are assembled in upper arm of bell crank (804). To mount the pressure governor with adapter (802) on to bracket (801), slide stem (F) into the slot in the top of bracket (801) and guide blocks (808) into connec tion (807) and bolt adapter (802) to the top face of bracket (801). Disassembly of the mechanism is ac complished in the reverse order, ADJUSTMENTS AND ClEASANCES To adjust the pressure governor, proceed as follows: 1. With the turbine standing still and without con trolling pressure on the pressure governor, put sufficient compression on spring (C) to force the diaphragm to its uppermost position. 2. Adjust upper jam nuts (925) until upper bell crank arm (804) is approximately level and lock jam nuts. 3. Release lower jam nuts (925) until springs (810 and 811) are free. Compress springs (810 and 811) %" from free length by means of jam nuts (925) and set jam nuts up tight. 4. Release jam nut (946) on governor valve stem and turn governor valve stem clockwise until the gov ernor valve is firmly on its seat. Mark the valve stem where it emerges from follower (574). Turn the governor valve stem counterclockwise until this mark Is 7/18" from the follower and lock it in position with jam nut (946). 5. Release jam nut (948) and adjust set screw (812) in the governor lever to give 1/16" clearance between the end of the set screw and the face of bell crank (804). Lock set screw in place with jam nut (948). 6. Start turbine up slowly without controlling pres sure on the pressure governor. Note the operation of the Constant Speed Mechanical Governor. When the turbine has reached full load, check the speed. The speed should be slightly higher than the normal full load speed of the unit. (See Name plate,) Reduce the load gradually and note that the set screw (812) in the end of the governor lever contacts the face of bell crank (804) and thus prevents the turbine overspeeding and tripping out. 7. When starting the turbine under the control of the pressure governor, bring the turbine up to speed gradually on the throttle and adjust the control ling pressure as the Bpeed increases. Applying the controlling pressure to the pressure governor suddenly, may result in damage to the pressure governor mechanism. Continue this adjustment process until the desired operating conditions are reached. . Note: The pressure governor is selected for each specific installation, thus construction details may vary ior individual units. The pressure governor shown and described in Figure 15 is the-diaphragm type and is used for pump Discharge pressures up to 100 pounds. When pump discharge pressures from 100 to 250 pounds are required a piston type pres sure governor is used. When either of these two types are unsatisfactory and more accurate control is desired, an air relay diaphragm type is used. In each case the overall function of the governor is the same and complete information on the pressure gov ernor can be secured from instructions furnished by the manufacturer. 28 'tctioK 4 IfacUiUati** <4 StaafaU Iwtiine PARTS LIST 574 Follower 654 Connection 674 Fulcrum Brocket 376 Bmdkjt 677 Pin 801 Brocket 802 Adapter 803 Bushing 804 Bell Crank 805 Shoulder Bolt BOB Lock Washer 807 Connection 808 Block 809 Spring Seat 810 Spring 811 Spring 812 Set Smew 813 Lever (Std.) 814 Lover (Hand Speed Changer) 925 Jam Nut 946 Jam Nut 948 Jam Nut HI x-e13860 X-S12866 X-612970A sn TUM CHHT <K via. 4> Note:--Pressure governor construction details and replacement parts list furnished by manufacturer. Give serial number when requesting information. Actual construction of pressure head may vary depending on design conditions. Fig. IS--Type UF" Built-in Constant Pressure Pump Governor ^--rvgjftiM ,;ia Stetl&t 4 PARTS LIST 574 Follower 654 Connection 674 Fulcrum Bracket 676 jii'-icket 677 Pir. 801 Bracket . 802 Adapter 803 Bushing 804 Bell Crank 80S Shoulder Bolt 806 Lock Washer 807 Connection 808 Block 809 Spring Seat 810 Spring 811 Spring 812 Set Screw 813 Lever (Std.) 814 Lever (Hand Speed Changer) 325 Jam Nut 946 Jam Nut 948 Jam Nut Sfattdmd 7#t&t6 Note:--Ptmw governor construction details cmd replacement parts list furnished by manufacturer. Give serial number when requesting information. Actual construction of pressure head may vary depending on design conditions. - X-S12960 X-6U366 STEAM CHEST (SEE na. 41 Fig. 16--Type V'F' Built-in Differential Pressure Pump Governor 31 StcUtut 4 StoxdwU ^wtActte DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE TYPE (Refer to Figures 16} DISASSEMBLY AND ASSEMBLY Not*: The pressure governor is selected for each installation, thus construction details may vary for each unit. For complete information on your install* ation refer to instructions furnished by the manufac turer. The differential pressure governor consists essen tially of the same parts as the constant pressure gov ernor. The connection (E). at the top of the pressure governor, is connected to the discharge aide of the pump and connection (J), on the underside of the governor diaphragm, is connected to the steam line. Both of these connections are made through needle alvoa ae shown. Both of these lines must be con nected by an equalising line with a needle valve (K). to protect the governor diaphragm against exces sive pressure on one side. The pressure differential between the pump discharge pressure and the steam line pressure operates the aJaphragm against the adjusting spring (C). " The construction of the operating mechanism for this type governor is the same as that used for the constant pressure governor. For disassembly and assembly of the differential pressure pump gover nor, . follow Instructions as given for the constant pressure pump governor. ' ADJUSTMENTS AND CLEARANCES The adjustment and clearances of the differential iuessuxe pump governor is the scone as that used or the constant pressure pump governor, and the same instructions and precautions should be used and followed. To start up a turbine with a differential pressure pump governor without the controlling pressures on the pressure governor, follow the instructions as given for the constant pressure pump governor. When starting the turbine with a differential pres sure pump governor and under the control of the pressure governor, open the valve in the pump dis charge proeauro control line IE), open the equaliz ing valve CEO, and close the valve in the steam prossure control line (J). When the pump discharge pressure has reached the desired setting, close the equalizing valve 00 and open the valve in the steam pressure control line (J). When stopping turbine, the equalizing valve (K) should be opened and the other two valves should be closed. These direction must he followed to prevent dam age to ItiA.pump governor operating mechanism. WOODWARD GOVERNOR (Refer to Figure 17) This governor is used when close speed regulation is required, such as for paper machine drives. The governor proper'is self-contained and is mounted on a housing (1001) which is fastened ta the bearing case. It Is driven at reduced speed from the turbine shaft by means of a worm and worm wheel and is connected to the governor valve through suitable linkage. It can be equipped with a motor apood changer whon desired. For complete Information on the governor, refer to Instructions furnished by the manufacturer. Figure 17 shows the mounting and ar rangement of the linkage. The governor has its own self-contained oiling system and the main turbine lubrication system pro vides for oiling the worm and worm wheel drive. It is necessary to adjust rod end of governor so that governor servo-motor spring has W initial com pression when rod end is connected to linkage. This assures that governor valve will be closed at all times when in shut-down position regardless of lost motion or possible wear in the linkage. The worm (1004) and worm wheel (1007) are ad justed for tooth contact by means of shims (1019 to 32 1022 Inclusive) between governor assembly and housing (1001). Proper worm and warm wheel back lash (.006") is obtained by moving governor assem bly transversely and doweling governor assembly to housing. The operation of the governor is such that with increased speed the governor weights move out and result in downward movement of governor rod end. which movement is transmitted through linkage to dose the governor valve. Decrease in turbine speed ' results in upward movement of rod and and open ing governor valve until equilibrium conditions are obtained. - The use of starting lever (1032) Is required in order to open governor valve to admit steam to steam ring for starting. This is done by lifting on starting lever until turbine speed is sufficiently high for the gover nor to take over. Needle bearings of linkage are lubricated with high temperature grease through alemite fittings provided. Keep all lock nuts tight and do not tamper with the adjustment unless absolutely necessary. If necessary to disconnect or disassemble the linkage, be careful to mark the settings so that they can be restored to their original position. StCtfo# 4 JffocCtyf6^t46H> 6^ $&^Wt&Ut> SOLENOID OPERATED TRIPS (Refer fe rigures 18,19, 20 and 21) These remotely controlled electrical trips are a modification applied to the standard turbine. The above figures show the mechanism of the various arrangements that can be furnished. The energized or de-energized coil (as specified} actuates the trip lever, thus closing the overspeed trip valve. The overspeed trip valve must be manually reset before the turbine Is restarted. Figure 18 shows the push type non-explosion proof -solenoid designed to trip when de-energized. Figure 19 shows the pull type nan-explosion proof solenoid designed to trip when energized. In both cases the solenoid assembly (841) is bolted to bracket (842) which in turn is bolted to die steam end bear ing case. Spring seat (843) is pinned (844) to the sole noid plunger. Link (846) is fastened to the end of spring seen (843) which engages the welded pin on latch (847) when energized or de-energized. The sole noid plunger works against the spring (845). In the push type (Figure 18). when the solenoid is energized, the solenoid plunger extends the tension spring (845) maintaining latch (847) in the reset posi tion. Whan the solenoid is de-energized, spring (845) returns the solenoid plunger to the left and moves latch (847) to the tripped position. In the pull type (Figure 19), when the solenoid is de-energized, the latch (847) is in the reset position. The solenoid plunger is held in the reset position by compression spring (845), and its proper outward position is adjusted by screw (850). When the sole noid is energized, the solenoid plunger is pulled to the left against the compression of spring (845), and the latch (847) is moved to the tripped position. Figure 20 shows the pull typo explosion proof solenoid designed to trip when energized. Figure 21 shows the pull typo explosion proof assigned to trip when de-energized. In both cases the solenoid as sembly (1351) is bolted to support (851) which in turn is bolted to the baseplate or foundation. Spring seat (843) is fastened to the solenoid plunger through stem (852). Link (848) is also fastened to stem (852) which engages the welded pin on latch (847) when energized or de-energized. The solenoid plunger works against spring (845). When the solenoid (Fig ure 20) is do-onergiaed, the latch (8471 is in the reset position. The 'solenoid plunger is held in the reset position by compression spring (845) and its proper outward position is adjusted by nuts (855) on stem (852). When the solenoid Is energized, the solenoid plunger is pulled to the left against compression spring (84S) and the latch (847) is moved to the tripped position. When the solenoid (Figure 21) is energized, the latch (847) is in the reset position. When the solenoid is de-energized, the solenoid plunger is pulled to the right by compression spring (845) and against the welded pin on lever (858). Lever (856) is fulcrumed by shoulder bolt (857), making a reverse acting link age to engage pin on latch (847), moving it to the tripped position. . The figures clearly show the adjustments and re quired settings for all types of solenoids. The proper settings are made and held in place by jam nuts (849) and nuts (855). All solenoids have a stroke oi 114" and when ad justing for the required settings, make certatln that the solenoid plunger is at the extreme end of its Btroke or in Its seated position. This is important because if the plunger is not in its seated position, excessively high currents will be drawn which will result in a burned out solenoid. When a motor or hand-operated speed changer is used, which necessitates using d different bracket and latch, the setting dimension between the welded pin and link is V" instead of V". EXHAUST PRESSURE TRIP (Refer to Figure 32) - The exhaust pressure trip is a modification applied to the standard turbine. Figure 22 shows the general anangement. When the turbine exhaust pressure ex ceeds a predetermined value, the mechanism doses the overspeed valve and stops the steam flow to the turbine. Steam to the operating cylinder comes from the turbine casing, through the relief valve which dis charges into the operating cylinder and forces the piston to *the left until the discharge port in the cyl inder is uncovered. This action moves the latch lever to the left and trips the overspeed valve. The mechanism assembly is supported by bracket (660) which is bolted to the bearing case cap (536) as shown. Cylinder (861) is supported by and bolted to bracket (8GQ). Piston (862) strikes cross-pin (863) which is attached to yoke (864) and held in place by retaining rings (673). Yoke (8B4) is fastened to link (866) by set screw, (865). Jam nuts (925) lock yoke (864) in position. Link (866) engages latch lever (93S) through the pin attached to it. Adjustment of the mechanism is to be made as follows: With latch lever (935) in the unlatched or tripped position, adjust set screw (865) so that it is against cylinder (861) and there is a clearance of 1/16" between the resetting lever (927) knife edge and the striking face of latch lever (935). Then with latch lever (935) in the latched or rest position, adjust position oi yoke (864), with jam nuts (925), to give 3/16" clearance at "A" as shown. In making this ad-' justment, the previous adjustment of set screw (88S) should not be disturbed. It should be noted that in some cases, it may be necessary to Increase the, clearance at "A" to compensate tor manufacturing tolerances to get satisfactory operation. The piping, from the outlet of the relief valve, to tho inlet of the operating cylinder, is furnished with a 1/16" drain hole at the law point of the piping to prevent accumulation of water in the line. This drain hale is to be kept open at all times. The discharge from the operating cylinder is to be connected to an open drain. Caution: It should be noted that this mechanism cannot be reset, after it has tripped, If the relief - valve is discharging steam, l.e., while the exhaust pressure is too high. . 34 Sccti&t 4 VfatoUficAti&tA' Sfandwtd 7<p*^ ro OPEN ORAIN TRIM-*[> POSITION latched position Y-481M2684719 38 (Top view, showing piping datedl) (Front view) PARTS LIST 538 Baaxing Casa and Cap 673 Retcdxdng Ring 860 Bracket Assembly 861 Cylinder 882 Piston 863 Pin 864 Yoke 865 Set Screw 886 Link . 325 Jam Nut 927 835 Latch Fig. 22--Exhaust Pressure Trip I S Seat** 5 lunfau C&eawf Vutyt section s TYPE BYRH TURBINE (Heavy Duty) (Refer to Figure 23) This frame is a modification of the standard 2 BYB frame and is used for heavy duty, high exhaust pres sure units up to a maximum of 250 psig. The casing and packing cases are specially designed extra heavy construction made to withstand the high ex haust pressures and temperatures and to seal the shaft against steam leakage. Standard steam cheats, valves, governor parts, hearings, bearing cases, and exhaust pedestals are used with this frame. Ail mod ifications of the standard frames previously des cribed are also adaptable to this heavy duty frame. Reference to Figure 23 will show that the general arrangement and construction of this frame is simi lar to the standard frames. Because of the high exhaust pressures and resul tant temperatures under which this frame operates, particular precautions are taken to seal the steam joints of the casing assembly. The casing assembly consists of the steam end and exhaust end boltea together through the vertical flanae. For higher ex haust pressure this joint is seal welded on the inside to assure a completely steam tight joint. Once this joint is made up there are no conditions under which this Joint should be broken. The casing cover is bolted through the horizontal flange to the steam end and exhaust end. It should be noted that a 3/16" seal groove is machined into the cover flange and this seal groove is fed by three tapped connections through which additional sealing compound is forced into the seal groove. The following procedure, used at the factory in making up this horizontal joint, is strongly recommended. Anchor Packing Company "Turbo Seal-50" and "Plastic Gasket No 337-11' made up in "Strings," are used in combination. The seal faces of the horizontal flange are coated with Turbo Seal-50 and a 3/16" diameter thread of Plastic Gasket No. 337-1 Is placed in the seal groove of the cover flange face. After the joint has been pulled up tight and put under steam pressure and temperature, additional Plastic Gasket No. 337-1 in a pressure gun is forced into the seal groove through the three tapped boles in the cover flange to force out any entrained air and to insure a continuous seal. Our experience shows that this procedure results In a trouble-free, exceptionally steam tight joint. Anchor Packing Company sealing compounds and pressure guns for their application, may be pur chased directly from the Elliott Company. If these recommended sealing compounds are not available, a high grade steam sealing compound, applied in accordance with manufacturers1 recommendations, can be used to obtain a satisfactory steam tight joint. The general arrangement of packing cases and carbon rings is similar to the standard line but are specially designed extra heavy construction to with stand and seal against the high exhaust pressures. The procedure previously outlined for removing packing cases and carbon rings (Section 2--Pack ing Cases and Carbon Rings) should be followed. This section also gives the instructions for making up the packing case vertical and horizontal flange steam joints. It should he noted that a total of eight carbon rings are always used in each packing case. 38 Stctto* 6 4**s*/u SECTION 4 OPERATING AND MAINTENANCE HINTS Your turbine was completely checked at the lac* tory and was shipped in perfect operating condition. The following brief notes are added for handy guide reference If your turbine I* not operating properly- VIBRATION -- Should your turbine begin to vi brate, the cause may be: 1. Misaligment with driven machine. 2. Worn bearing liners having excessive clearance. Bearing liners should be replaced. 3. Worn coupling developing play- If coupling is of a type which cannot be repaired, it should be replaced. __ 4. Tight carbon rings. In refitting, these rings may have bees made tight on the shaft. Recommended cold clearance between rings and shaft must be maintained. Old rings may oe carefully rebored oi' now rings should be installed. 5. Shaft misalignment. This is most likely caused by excessive steam inlet or exhaust pipina strains. Correct piping to relieve strains and realign unit. B. Unbalanced rotor. This occurs if buckets or shrouds have been damaged. If damage cannot be corrected readily, the rotor should be returned to the factory for rebucketing and rebalancing. Nanuniiorm scale deposits and incrustations from dirty steam conditions may also cause rotor un balance. 7. Clogged carbon ring grooves In packing case. Dismantle and clean. GOVERNOR HUNTING -- Should the governor hunt, the cause may be: 1. Worn or sticking governor parts. Dismantle the governor and clean all parts and inspect for wear. Worn parts should be replaced. 2. Worn or sticking governor linkage. Dismantle and dean all parts and inspect far wear. Worn parts should be replaced. 3. Sticking governor valve stem. Valve stem pack ing may be fouled or drawn up too tight or stem may be coated with scale from boiler compounds. Dismantle, dean and inspect all parts. Clean valve stem and replace stem packing. 4. Leaky governor valve. This may be caused by scale deposits or other foreign matter. Remove valve and remove scale from valve and valve seat. Particular care must be taken not to damage seats. Valve may also leak due to improper gov ernor adjustment. 5- Air trapped in the system on oil operated gover nors. Release through cdr vent connection. OVERSFEEDING--The overspeed trip shutting the turbine down is not positive evidence of overapeeding. Improper adjustment of the overspeed trip will cause the turbine to trip out. Dismantle the governor, clean and check for smooth operation without bind ing. Reset governor and linkage and check tripping speed with an accurate tachometer. If tripping speed is 10% or more above the maximum operating speed, the following should be checked: 1. Governor valve stem for sticking and binding. 2. Tightness of governor valve and seat. (Does the veuve leak?) 3. Will speed governor close governor valve with some travel left in the governor. OVERSPEED TRIP SHUTS TURBINS DOWN AT ABOUT NORMAL SPEED--This may be due to the following: 1. Clearance between trip pin and plunger assem bly too small. Adjust to recommended clearance. 2. Worn knife edges on resetting and latch levers. Remove and replace. 3. Improper adjustment of overspeed trip. Reset and lode in place. 4. Excessive vibration. OVERSPEED TRIP DOSS NOT FUNCTION AT 10% OVERSPEED--This may be due to the following: 1. Trip pin assembly bound and gummed up. Re move, clean, and readjust . 2. Clearance between trip pin and plunger assem bly excessive. Inspect parts for wear, if worn re place. Adjust to recommended clearance. OVERSPEEO TRIP FUNCTIONS PROPERLY BUT VALVS DOSS NOT CLOSE -- This may be due to the following: 1. Valve stem sticking and binding. Remove, clean, and inspect. Stem may have been bent. Stem and bushing may be worn giving excessive dearances and insufficient guiding. Stem may be binding, due to scale deposited from boiler compounds. 2. Latch -lever may be corroded or may have too much engagement. Clean and readjust. CARBON RING GLAND LEAKAGE -- This may be due to the following: 1. Broken or damaged rings on assembly. Remove, inspect, and replace. 2. Worn rings. In an emergency this can be corrected by removing a small amount from the ends of each ring segment. At best, this procedure is only a "patch up1' arrangement. Recommend install ing new rings. 3. Leakage may be between ring face and corres ponding face in the packing case. This Is usually caused ay dirt or scale from boiler compound or joint sealing compound. Clean faces but do not damage surfaces. VALVE STEM LEAKAGE--If steam leakage past the emergency valve stem, when valve is open is objec tionable, It may be due to improper seating of the auxiliary seal at the bottom of the stem guide or it may be due to a restricted leakoff pipe where a stem leakaff la used. Leakoff pipes should be of ample size and open to atmosphere. If steam leakage in creases, It is due to wear of stem or bushing. Replace worn parts. Steam leak past the constant speed gov ernor valve stem is caused by worn or incorrect packing. Replace, using correct packing. EXCESSIVE BEARING WEAR--This may be due to the following: 1. Lack of proper lubrication. On ring oiled bearings, if oil rings are not a true circle, rings will not carry sufficient oil to the bearings. Also, if oil level is not as prescribed, oil rings will not carry sufficient oil to the bearings. On forced feed bear ings, dirt and obstructions in the oil feed lines cause lack of lubrication, 2. Excessive rotor vibration may pound out the bear ings. The unit should be kept in balance and run ning smoothly at all times. 33 QUICK SERVICE REFERENCE Page Installation. ............................................................. 2 Misalignment and Pipe Strains............................. 4 Lubricating Oils.................................................... S Start-up .................................................. 5 Speed Adjustment................................................. 16 (Mechanical Shaft Governor) Governor Valve Setting........................................ 16 Emergency Trip Setting.......................................... 16 Shaft Sealing Glands............................................. 15 Clearances............................................................. 17 Emergency and Maintenance Hints....................... 39 Maintenance and Repair Parts............................. 7 (How to Order) Installation List 9TATg CtTY IflEI MODEL mj STATUS NORTHERN CHEM --------------------------------------------------- TdE -------SEARSPUICI-------- ------- MT MB SEARSPORT YR k ME " SEARSPORT YR 1 ME "SEARSPORT YR W ME SEARSPORT YR ME - SEARSPORT YR ME -- SEARSPORT YR ME SEARSPORT YR ME SEARSPORT YR ME ^ SEARSPORT YR ME -- SEARSPORT YR ME SEARSPORT YR ME - SEARSPORT YR ME SEARSPORT YR "TIC------ --mm----------RC--------------------- CYR B2135-1 NO CYR B2135-2 NO CYR R2074 NO CYR R2075 NO BI-4 R2075G NO CYR R2076 NO C2 R2076G NO AYR . R2077-1 NO AYR R2077-2 NO BI-1 R2077G-1 NO BI-1 R2077G-2 NO BYR R2351 NO BI-2 R2351G NO