Document zo6mqjKQgzZe4x7LOaeBJ8av7
28'd TtiLLOl
ATTACHMENT C
NOV 2 9 90
Hoteton teamen T *tey,tow ,, to
EPA probe . of M onsanto isconfinned
Dioxin, studies possibly misused
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C:c*T
U'J 0303
iti oeit^crrr
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tftog
Co.:
Greenpeace, Chemist Challenge
City Monsanto On Dioxin Findings
H. FrWvogeJ I umh
i??-- caemi*, Cate lajuunj.
it 0u ires .'ood
Washington --'Tntnptaci and 4 atwi t e wti Bca ZflTinauaea-
isi Protooion Ague? are accusing Modmdco Co. of Jraudulandy under*
me flna. A?l,iaasi?nmg*Ctoh1atlnivt eesoagwacikuu odf evidence of dioxin's ill ffacta. p
A Moasaato spokesman said
*i :a raang (he health risks cf dioxin.
. S S S ,(? " 1ai*r' w * TM " b<
2 co
Botfi ifle laieraitiooal environmag, tai organization and tut EPA cflcmic
3 ^ 5 2 ^ 1 ^ aaa*r **r tnd jo .J" * 68 otimcm on jeotaa'
t&4 U-. m-
caihd upca t i t agency to conduct *a
inaependant tvajcanos ot vcm they
say are flawed Moosanto
Lsdl*
catioi utac aionn a uttie b^fth ef-
p e S - F l f i S ?w*e!n untruce" u"a`
II f t on aumaitt.
Mmiaiiiu MSS a tetter to
Dioxin
Prom page one
tee EPA last nonu asking it to audit
me studies to clear the air.
Jealcoa. i hamit ia lb* BaguU-
rory Development Branca at EPA.
wrote a memo Nov. 15 to tie agency's
Gflice at Cnnuaal Investigations ac
cusing dre company of a `loos pattern
of fraud" aaoMrainf "diojea contami
nation of a wide range of Monsanto
Corp. products, is well as Health stud
ies of Monsanto's dioxin-exposed
workers."
,,Tha marno ladloaioa that Jaaklaa,
4$wn al the SPA u whistle-blower,
met Nov. 14 with goes of the Nation-
aLEnforcemcnt Iavetigatioos Center,
wmca.conducts ^FA's criminal inqui-
ria.' SPA rafvwwd to c o n n u t on
4hiihflr.lt v a t madm-tiin t criminal
igw tiiidm v
^
MMflwtlle, Greeipeace If retta*
lQ Srepon M arO tat it says, expowee
`araid ajev . add mcmpamted ad-
* taifcoratrtTtudttgoi theef-
fpctDf dm iO B w erten i t its plait in
Miro, V32t Ae optatici at the plant
l y M g o e d w o ru n to dioxtix
SSgTcgifc^eece report ia beta rt>
^tatoiacoo ud it diodo-
i titHArovatf the ootid-
r. **
,written by tor*
iP e tC o a ta e r,
ST. LODIS POST DISPAICH
XmSMUXXt nOTSSSSR 29, 1990
ttys that jtudladooe for Monsanto In \
IBP and 1981 made several key wen-
tlftcimijtaJtea.
In two. studios. for acunnl*. iom* !
people exposed to dioxin were icciud- I
ed in the''control" group.
i
Because regumon relied oq me t
Monsanto studies as proof tnat oioxia I
ti not t+o d A t|m w to hwtveno. EDJk j
should revoke ail decsioos oasen on |
ctoae studies. Greenpeace said.
Tha group also called upon EPA to
set up a national duxen elimination
program. whiah would phs*. out um
of chlorine In the paper mcastry and
Chlorinated compounds lr. p ritidde
u d would eventually ban soewood
prservanvei D u JL BUhop. directs: jf o.tpo-
rata coxnmunicat Inns at luuo-'.io.
aid. that most of the ei:e.?'jons jv
Jenklas and Greenpeace ^ . . . net
hew. He ttld that Jeokto.-' . tad
been beeed la x tc iy upon
In a Ihiwa-ywer trial la Ball- lu. I:i..
wtare raddaaw of Sturaci.. Mo .
sought d a r* y r for expo-uri o i pgttg *nount of dlaxtn ait?r a \ air dertHnwct la lf79/
I
. Inharm tiae. Jenklsa wro "M.on-
a n te covered up the dlnxin ns '> - I
oattaoofawUerangeofitspr. ir.-
indidinc Lyul. the diaititv^s.i: Mo&bers of me Cnoadlnn Parili-net.:
rtew tly begea wa laveedgat;. v.r
pTOODCi cnoomkiaiiocsn wtck^
Thejoiemo also malntBined inai ic*
carding to lite r u l Momuio o^ .umam, sunptts or htmcidee jucm.1
I;
tad by tha
to.the DeporiaMi
of Agriculture la the 1170a bad oes-j
"doctored",aod that highly eoeoxn: I naiad semptae had doc bam sudq;1itad. Tba hertdtSdea were ucd la tae
Ageat Oraaga defohant J'iring tua
viandin war.-
Tha mala criticism tn .enh.nr1
memo and me Ofeenpeace report a
tarycad at tha lftSO and exadtat
of Mwanto wnrtars. wtncl. ^e-e su
parrtiad by Dr. Rnymood >*jsiud oi
tha KefleriDg Instirate la Ondnnau.
RECEIVED
U t e - 3 1390
PERKINS COIE
j.
*-*
lUrt 1"i; .-li. *. Orarli P * * . ,'
J&Wbooa
.Nitro eanfUn^-Mai
y i fJli*** * ':..** .^ `. j . . i & i - I : y . .71 '. , A -, ! .
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... r e c e n t i h o i j t h s , n e w i n f o r m a t i o n h a s
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.A. Using other groupa ofihe same >
people, original reeenrahera toparited -
worker by-type qf expo*ure.v'Hist ;
;
made aaoh group apdkllkr and the to-*' suits lota reliable.. V J * ; .y ;***
haU&te'.%stuaiea;^,. >,. >
'..a nowrher. rolled oA onW the ap* \
Scarance of ckloracos-^ a severe akin' lioase ~r. aa the cMte'fta for dioxin ex- :
Motmb|o liter oommlaaloned -health' stintici oo ttii worker1 problems. The
i1 Oh Id p --' that dioxin .cannot ted dlreUyto eancprln homaas
l* -pV
.
- Joe
*Th.o. rnton,:`i
posure la soma*cass,.Tbst move dloxln-expoied workers without tke
pat-*: dLa- ' ,*
Greenpeace researcher^ ] earn Into Ihe control gfoup, contami
nating results. '
\ A In parts of the studies, workers
'were eliminated from certain group,-
u li i
rosearchers failed to follow stated pro
, .. cboodAuicrt Inn.ttbbo stluiidilecsS??-?,GGrbreennppceacoc.f.fl^.-' haa..stood for years. It we? poer-re- cedures and 111 worker wliboul cblor-
'.-'`seesaarrch anailysit Joe TTtaooriniionn-wwritlwes Iin*.,* vlow^hddbyr otlhieer edentlats before It waa", acne were Ignored. '
t
S J d K s M fS S S i ,Wickb,g lh.,# his study, titled ^S^eace for Sale.**
publUhoi - *
"As a result f these msnipulittons, *
" 'trt rm r t
insali tA iii tin ThTMlB charge# In bis 43-piga crl- . Greenpeace Mbs several problems tho data and conclusion of Ibe' threo . V iL iS ilq u that an exaroljiatlor^of Ine orlala- with the MoiwanMunded studies that Monsanto studies aro essentially mean-
^ ? i n? ^ . S r S l i F ? S l ? !iftS 5 ?I .,,. iI rroepourti mshoown cead *aa ppuatttioernni oufi duoeiliiuboerr*i -ww werwepj^uibmlioshnecdu wIni tuhiae ea1r1l7y llQQs:..
Inglos," thocrjtquslid.*; ;
" ^ l l.a...'..m...a..a...l.p..u..l..a..t.l....n....ofd adtaata aanndd/.iUpUddyy;:*;*;..\'a'A*. TThhee^^aittuuddlleeia ooommDpixreredd^-wwoorkrara"
, . ii'* ^.methodi/ln order*to.-obtaln Uw prod*-**who-jrsr*exposed to dioxin <lWurhini{g Ihe
w.^h,icah.
-oJr.g
osm
aitkhae-^it^^
b y
(aosiUa- nibgra.sJthi.iefi~oBmri.PIiAtls-,-..
l>ef-irvm?elneef*fdecrtessounltwthoarkl edriohxeianlthrha."d-
no'aog-
eepxxiapprlltooissilWoonahowwwiftihhereootlbhpeerrromwwomorrokkdeerrss(oIInnhoIfvnoi
own dioxin policies, to review Us atand .
vidod th chomical. Both aroUD
on the man-mado diomlcal that causes Monsanto oftlclalp denounced Ihe re- liornton^m l hTd afccadybean a'
c ,?fw *" ^ i 1* ,, . , \ Pf** .
, t l posed to high tavola ot dioxin simply by
"In recent months, new -Information , . "That crltlquo reflects their total Ig- working aUko plant,
,
;
"Ilwaver/' lt ilinieferthVlhat, (- 7. ter 'al-kMw^prUalictTeetlop.of t|w *' inosi gUrlng mkalpalatlons ol this, flowed Information, the data ladlcoto* ! substantially elevatea ralos of many* health offcots among dloxln-expoied workers."
(I'le'eioIuni la rsge ID, col. 1)
JilBShr't*?-'.'.*;>
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v i c c i i p e a c | j y s > i B t t i d i c s - ;^
(ConOoUcd (ran, Paga UT. . . . . . --`V; o l a l ! ^ 4 i agMO- that-''kn7.
1 ' 1 i
V i*`
iUffllMTlI Tir. fui (U^ 4 U a
'affi ri Jl
Stonai* dioxiri.'eJlmintlon program . `` .*diCehflfo 'for. Ind u stry In e o o .a i ta r
..'eluding peaby.thc,jrorkera` raion, ; .'Charles 'I^ve.^yhoimrgid'ir .,carneup'.wlth.th'esamefindings.,' , .Monsanto.'.In -th),caie!',saiff'tlio Li- ! ' M n M ^ l%tikller>-M9lnlpMa'nt;^
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'.M t prbdBCTd'hirbloidb. : s" ' . oyor,tao coah ^ w eitliere`and-l
. s
Vf. ndver henrdwbeWay anything
While th6:lawyors.on each eido about tho -typos-of problems
!of .tho casoidlfior on Groenpaace's Greonpcacpia raising."
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A tuta fcr Occupational Safety >nd Hanhh, angpatod group wonId haw bota dJjutad b y th a Innlmiqa of
arevrvar
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by I k U. Ksibaunantal PiraM In Agmcy. '(ha EPA hai kngrhod a giratati tmre$ti#atioa of
U ui kaoar xpoaurwk not fbug*nM
A Upttaanto^pbkaamaa in S alatilo aaMotriiarthia month[tha oongMUty rioqmaa tha EPA b v alb itio n and cdlod Graaapcaco'amlUgntignthat Iha tane aro flavwd"a baMAaoodlk**that tha aaviroainoaUl groop
la m in ia n v t of Ita fhnd-nkbur ddw .
saia in a raloedin a aucooaoflti fedm l tu ii
Mainai Utnaanto by worhan at ono of ita pianta in EaotSt l^Hilo.IILM auantohaiappealdlhatwnttct. ' GrconpatcsnLbedthaaMMiMMllnintlMcritiqua oftha Monaarwtoattuilo, whiohit oppondad to ita pli
Uoo. Tha crfciqoo wta baoad on court documenta and
puhlIahed'ioaaacii. **ThoGraanpcaoa anahnda ofcav
"T " !SS?" *- m.
. ^ t a ^ S a S n r P ^ a S * n v t o p a f e n ^ t o erai of tha afnAaa ahosr that dnaano of workaro irith
intoki o p s h t ik l Qregapt^oa hot
^
EPA I natsaa tho rifcttty of tha atriianrri tha
a g ir la ragaktiao of A lain, which Oieenpeaee1^
k g g poaUto adwraafr imftitaBoadtqrIh limom to
oUadol^UtCiadlcx^iratoomaoaDTkttUkaaUftctaiU'
flc m ittt and b abaolntoty cartaio thaTttaaludka ili
continua io --t***d
acxuikgr.
In aH itto v BUtq> id d t k t Inferoi nova of tha
cmncer and heart ritaaeaa, who wero knowu toboaxpoaod to dindn. arara Inappropciabair ahiftod loto un-
expoaad 'cootroT groupa or axdudodiflroin tho dhirilaa altogathar,^ Oroonpcaca aoid in Nrvembor.
Joo Thotnton, aithor of tho Qrscnr aaoa critique
r<
1 .EPA b w U p tk w t oyfhoad lata U itw v , Uoal>. w U in a talohova Intantowlhi moniti: "WaVirty-
W tirik a tp llooaanto of vatbara a t iti Nttrot W.Via,planibarrabooanfiodootjthafedoni gown>* mani tothov that dbvfi piainabla ani haca harm(hi tahtooana and daaa not raquirt moro otrfaigant
acnto had Indepondaatty ragnaaloAnn EPA aatMlof "llooggoon pariaonritniotapufbho aro paitdiiand Mhirroadffccytha coirppooin-
|ty atndBaa *Moaitila tldo
faAooa w| (br all.**,
who
io inniilato
v A apofaoaan b r tho EPA la Woshtactoo, D.CL potteaaand tliaaoragutallono - Wo rooll/nod to
Dinamo TOnto% aali oaiUar thUmonth taci ho et* rethink oor nlknca on mporalanpald aporta.**
ragnlotinao rd iatiflgtion aaaa^alIVMnthnaiancar :not eooBrm or d a n that a
h m stlu tio a la a. The Greonneeee petition a k o a * a th at th EPA noi
8.
5 "3d nagan Tho pwtDMdt' and ahainleal oomnanlaa 'in d a rway.hotw U thansanovbotudftnatkakauai
haw aad tU afadka to dbcmdlt dafcaa Iq rv S u a n i.. n i t * Itr&raaptaoa'a l r
ra lj oo tho otodioi ao port of Ua raguUtory oflorta or
ofninEKiferitk a r i that tho ogmqr
i
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od iMmodaAnsaiOnagahaadaaagMl.thairhaalih. .. Antonina to a nomo fro n EPA cbamlct Eh. Caio control tho
of diaq into tha oarirompoo l
'g ro n u T to th o RPA*o OtOoo
Under Boetion 11 oftiieToadcBdbetanoee Opotrol Act,
ehoaod mal ebaeded woriws e^oeed to SOOthnoa Uoaa b D w w t ooo of tho kpy flavo to thaUonaoato
IhanoniulBm QUBtafdM nfcratlaaal jo ^ p r a .atadka:WM t^alodoaian U v m m tid /m x b tn to tho
ooorip IOparoantuna Cb^rtpdowiopaocM binda of * u n w p fiti n tp flj dqo aA'Cpjnoana intiy. tha
couoor. Tha otndjr. etniod oui by tho NaUonal Inoti>
"1
tha EPA hainnM KU.89to antwar tho pation. fTcan
70tall a tki'W Uko any Sectlod 81 raqueat rtihar
ft aorlouely,1*Tffcntira hid.If tha potitloo in dosdoA'tha
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T> G ma co 03 N
January SO, 1991
PESTICIDE & TOXIC CHEMICAL n Fw s
The FDA official added th at his agency intend* to follow tk u nfororaent approach until EFA promulgates a new tolerance regulation for alachlor residues or makes some other regulatory decision regarding the pesticide.
d o w n g r a d in g o f c o d e x c o m m o d ity c o m m it t e e s r ec o m m en d ed
The Secretariat of the Joint FAO/WHO Food Standards Program has recommended delegating greater responsibility to the Codex Alimentarius Commission'3 general com mittees and Lessening the role of Codex commodity committees in areas such a* contam inants, methods of analysis, sampling and product certification.
In a paperprepared for the FAO/WHO Conference on Food Standards, Chemicals in Food and Food Trade, to be held in Rome in March, the Secretariat said the conference may su&o want to rev iew Codex acceptance procedures 'so as to bring these procedures into conformity with true government practices and reflect the situation in the interna tional food trade."
Noting th at there have been recent far-reaching proposals to review existing Codex standards so as to emphasize only thoee aspects responsible for rejection of shipments at borders, the Secretariat stated that such' a move would "present the risk of rendering, obsolete to a large extent many existing standards (and) would require careful review to determine which aspects of the standards would need to be m aintained or transferred to general standards" and which "would need to be m aintained in the interest of harmo nizing specific quality requirem ents for individual products."
Codex standards "should reflect the regulatory practices in the majority of member countries, bearing in mind th at regulatory practice change over tne years in response to a variety of external factors," the Secretariat declared, adding, "The conference may wish to recommend th at the CAC review carefully its criteria for the establishment of work priorities."
E FA -er JENKINS RENEWS DIOXIN STUDY FRAUD CHARGES
Renewing charges th at Monfrantb didn't count some dioxin victims in its epidemiology studies of dioxin. EPA's Cate Jenkins wrote Jam 24 to the agency's Office of Criminal Investigations (OCD to list the impacts the studies may have had on EPA's regulatory program (See March 7, Pages 2 and 26; Nov. 28. Page 12, and Dec. 5, Pag 23).
She also said the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health found no reason to exclude case of soft tissue sarcoma although Monsanto had (See Jan. 23, Page 46). Nosing th a t EFA classifies dioxin as a B2 carcinogen (animal evidence only), Jenkins said the agency relied primarily on the Monsanto studio for the classification.
Because of th at classification, she said, dioxins would not be listed as priority pollutants . under the new Clean Air Act and have not been regulated under current air emissions
etand ard a.
Superfund' Reportable Q uantities (RQa) vary by a factor of 10 according to w hether the substance it deemed a Group A, B l, B2 or C carcinogen, she aaidt but continued:
Page 14
January 30,1991
c
PESTICIDE & TOXIC CHEMICAL NEWS
''Although dioxins are currently considered to bo potent carcino gens, and consequently their HQ is the < as for &Group a carcinogen, there (arej heavy pressure and octivs programs at EPA to downgrade the potency estimate."
She said no "Maximum Contaminant Level Goals" have been developed in EPA'3 drink ing water program "because of the false belief that dioxins will never be found* in drink ing water. Jenkins also objected th at RCRA* Toxicity- Chmrmctenstic (TC) program,*
although it offers equal protection for Group A, 3 and C carcinogens, is only protective at the cne in 00,000 level.
EPA'a cancer classification for dioxin also has denied veterans benefits from the Veter ans Administration (VA), Jenkins said, "because VA requires a statistically significant
finding of these effects in human, not animal, studies." A ustralia and New Zealand also have refused veterans benefits based on the Monsanto studies, she said, and:
. "The White House itself recognized what the impact would be on private litigation of classifying dioxins as human carcinogens. A White House memorandum coerced the Centers for Disease Con trol not ta find cancer and other health effects in our Vietnam veterans, since this would have &profound effect on litigation by
private citizens around Superfuna sites, where even higher expo
sure to dioxins was probable."
Jenkins said her latest memo was prompted by the statem ent from the agency's OCI that for a criminal conviction it would be necessary to establish not only iraua, but the
"impact of this fraud on the regulatciy process."
\
ATRAZENE PERSISTEN T IN SOIL SUBSURFACE, HYDROLOGISTS FIND
Atrazine is more persistent in the subsurface than in surface soils, research hydrolo gists cold an American Geophysical Union meeting in San FranciscoDec. 0-6.
As reported by EPA's Elizabeth Behl in a memo circulated by th Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances, researchers a t Kerr Lab in Ada, Okla. found little or no adsorp tion or degradation of atrazine at a depth of 11 meter. The study also found th a t a tra zine concentration decreased less rapidly in sterile soils, biodegradation was affected by sediment type (perhaps due to lower organic m atter content), and atraxine did not mineralize.
Other research findings reported by Behl involved'cyanaxine, alachlor and triazine herbicides. A study Gfherbicidee in surface waters of the Midw* by D.A. Gocloby. of the u .8. Geological Survey's Denver office, found concentration* of herbicides surging in the post- application period from a median concentration. Herbicide* were found yearround in surface w ater samples from the Midwest, the study reported; sample* showed a 10- fold increase in concentrations following runoff events. Researcher* noted that concentration of alachlor and atrazm e may exceed MCLs for several weeks to months following applications.
In a study led by G.N. Delin, USGS St. Paul, researcher found th at changes in nitrate' concentration correlated well with cropping systems employed. However, concentra tions of atrazine did not. In addition, atraxine was found to be "quite persistent" in the unsaturated zone, they said.
c JAMES H. SENGEH Vca Pr-- aan
Monsanto
Momarto Canoany 600 N. ndbvgn B o iia w d SL Loua. Mtaoun 63167 P t m : (314) 694-8673
March 25, 1991
Editor - Letters Science 1333 H Street, NW Washington, DC 20005
Editor, Science
In the February S, 1991 edition of Science, the article on dioxins included a box on page 626 with the title "Monsanto Studies Under Fire." Since reading this commentary on studies performed a decade ago by epidemiologists and physicians from Monsanto and the University of Cincinnati -- and about alleged fraudulent manipula tion of data and criminal investigation -- X have been doing the proverbial "slow bum"; hence this delay in response.
Even though Science provided a Monsanto spokesman with the oppor tunity to'firmly deny all of these allegations and so reported in the article, I am very disappointed that a publication dedicated to science would stoop to dignifying hearsay and allegations stemming from lawsuits. Despite our denials as you reported, hype such as this may raise unwarranted suspicion in the minds of some j readers, despite the fact Monsanto invited an EFA/NIOSH audit of the studies in order to resolve the matters.
Especially repugnant to'me was a sentence in the last paragraph which read "Everyone Science spoke with who is familiar with the Monsanto studies agrees that they are flawed, but probably not as the result of criminal intent." Who are these unidentified "experts".who, without a detailed review of the actual study, its analysis and interpretations, can render judgment on flaws (let alone gratuitously comment on criminal intent)? Are you aware that no expert -- either epidemiologist or trained public health physician -- has ever come forward to actually criticize the adequacy of these studies? Are you aware that one of the "scientific experts" quoted extensively in your dioxin article participated as an expert witness in dioxin- related suits against Monsanto and can hardly be considered disinterested? Are you aware that the allegations pertaining to the studies stem only . from an attorney's argument in the courtroom, unsupported by any expert testimony or expert reexamination of the data? Finally, are you aware that a'morbidity study at the same Monsanto plant --
Editor - Letters Science
Page 2
commissioned and paid for by the union representing workers at that plant -- was conducted by Drs. Irving Selikaff, Marion Moses it al (ref: American Journal of Industrial Medicine 5:161-182 (1984)) and arrived at essentially the same conclusion reached by the University of Cincinnati: that chloracne was the only evident finding and "that it is unlikely that permanent, severe, and debilitating toxicological sequelae are inevitable after exposure to TCDD sufficient to product chloracne."
In my opinion, a publication with the stature of Science has better things to do than involve itself in the sort of halftruths, politics and litigation embodied in the mess described on page 626. The tone of the article is more befitting of a tabloid in the checkout line of a super market.
Sincerely,
Environmental Policy Staff
O 'Jol!
bcc: D. R. Bidhop /' D. F. Snivelyr
W. J. McCarville M. A. Pieria B. R. Friedlander/J . J. Collins
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