Document znNG13OpmgVX4LzBL3gQgkL0

The Significance of Lead in the Glazed Surface of Ceramic Ware from the Standpoint of The Public Health Introduction: Origin of the present investigation - Two cases of lead poisoning derived from the use of a specific set of ceramic ware. The hygienic issue - (a) the contribution wide by ceramic ware to the ingestion of lead by the entire population of a modern nation. (b) the opportunities afforded by unusual practices and new technological developments in the production of ceramic wares for the creation of hazards locally or generally (c) the complexity of this problem, and its relative significance in a situation characterized by winy other contributions. The technological issue - the production of ceramic ware for use in the household in such manner as to meet the shifting utilitarian and aesthetic requirements of the population, in a free market which is competitive in local, national and international commerce Historical account The (abbreviated) history of ceramic ware Origin out of necessity ana convenience Early developments The Ceramic arts and crafts - decorative aspects - glazes The development of technology in the production of ceramic ware with particular reference to glazes Hygienic problems in the production of ceramic ware. Lead poisoning - in production - warning of existence of the problem - epidemic (so to speak) lead poisoning from usage in household (.* n - reported incidents,uivrai, ,,.te<x g n\.e~is!Uc pe'-S'`-.LO'-`j ^ i ! < >S The technologic and economic aspects of glazes Justification for the use of lead in glazes The alternatives - other metals N9694 Their application to other materials used in the household Glased metal surfaces - cooking utensils Enamels and glazes on other household utensils The Limitation of the Contribution made by Ceramic Ware to the Lead in Food and Beverages Consumed by the Population X. The Role of a Standard (a) The establishment of a standard (b) The general application of the standard to the entire production, so as to avoid failures and incidents of lead Intoxication XX. The Basis for the Establishment of a Standard <o> The lead content of the widely distributed food and beverage in the United states of America (b) The daily intake of lead by representative persons in the American population (c) The sources - individual contribution - total intake fate, limits of national safety <d) The role in this situation of ceramic ware and public policy in that relationship (e ) The criteria on which a specification should be set. Investigation of the Facts Objectives Plan of attack including method (all pertinent methods) Results Discussion including interpretations Conclusions - including the formulation of an adequate standard. /< 0008364 3- proposed Procedure lor Implementation of Standard by the Ceramic Industry I. Investigation of new formulations and processes within the industrial organization - from the aspect of the stability of glazes XI. Investigation of current production within the Industrial organization III. Reference of new and old materials to an approved testing laboratory for tests and certification, including the establishment of the validity and general acceptance of the certification of quality . IV. Extension of procedure to include all producers (large and BwaXl) of ceramic were, not through the coercion of law orc>.^,-3,^ fea,/f iO'Tf'f't contract, but through the education of distributors^to reaulre certification for their own security fro liability, anc^the safety of the public K 0008365