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brell lung is equivocal bLeenWffoun^d ro yet regarded a* koff, Hammond Ttha6n' ith9e?4e)-xtrna,l experiments pr(? i ani association a ^aham and ed that jntra. emohte asbestos iraours, but tbe bestos workers al: (1972) pro- usions on this rarity of the * do give some :tween asbestos Hours as u(.|j genito-urinary 'ras significant, the relatively 1 To mc^Bed tlie our other the nonof the same contained 2 3vary and .5 iry tract in exposed to an tumours, it, and 11 ry tract in ? larger set ween asbestumours is eas there is th tumours em. I js are finer been used iver, there i iner chry- he experi- ilevant to the past, of inhalaail in an Canadian EFFECTS OF INHALATION OF ASBESTOS IN RATS 269 chrvsotile, a grade 7 sample from a Canadian mine and the superfine sample G. W. (1967) Comparison of Dust Retention in Specific Pathogen Free and Standard Rats. In Inhaled Particles and Vapours II. Ed. C. N. which proved the most carcinogenic of Davies. Oxford: Pergamon. p. 205. the materials which we inoculated intra- Newhouse, M. L. (1974) Cancer Among Workers in the Asbestos Textile Industry. In Biological nletirally (Wagner el al., 1973). Effects of Asbestos. Lyon, 2-5 October 1972. The experiments we report have given Ed. P. Bogovski, J. C. Gilson, V. Timbrell and results which in several respects cor J. C. Wagner. (IARC Scientific Publications, No. 8). In print. respond to those found in man. Thus, Newhouse, M. L., Berry, G., Waoner, J. C. & this experimental method is established ,,s a valid tool for the investigation of the biological effects of asbestos. Turok, M. E. (1972) A Study of the Mortality of Female Asbestos Workers. Br. J. ind. Med., 29, 134. Selikoff, I. J., Hammond, E. C. & Churg, J. (1972) Carcinogenicity of Amosite Asbestos. Archs envir. Hlth, 25, 183. \\'e are grateful to all our colleagues Shabad, L. M. & Pylev, L. N. (1970) Morphologioal Lesions in Rat Lungs Induced by Polycyclic w ho over a number of years were res|Kinsible for the daily attention necessary in carrying out the experiments. We Hydrocarbons. In Morphology of Experimental Respiratory Carcinogenesis. Proc. Conf., Gatlinburg, 13-16 May, 1970. Ed. P. Nettesheim, M. G. Hanna, Jr. and J. W. Deatherage Jr. w ould also like to acknowledge our thanks m Dr Harold Stewart of the National Cancer Institute who advised us on the U.S. Atomio Energy Commission, Symposium Series No. 21. p. 227. Stanton, M. F. (1974) In Pathology of Tumours in Laboratory Animals. Vol 1. Tumours of the classification of tumours. We are also crateful to our former colleague, Dr A. Rat. Part 2. I.A.R.C. Scientific Publications. No. 6. Lyon: International Agency for Research Cancer. In preparation. Walter, who had classified the non-lung tumours occurring in some of our earlier experiments which we mentioned for Timbrell, V., Gilson, J. C. & Webster, I. (1968) UICC Standard Reference Samples of Asbestos. Int. J. Cancer, 3, 406. Timbrell, V., Hyett, A. W. & Skidmore, J. W. comparison. (1968) A Simple Dispenser for Generating Dust Clouds from Standard Reference Samples of Asbestos. Ann. occup. Hyg., 11, 273. REFERENCES Ki.ves, P. C. & Simpson, M. J. C. (1971) Insulation Timbrell, V., Skidmore, J. W., Hyett, A. W. & Wagner, J. C. (1970) Exposure Chambers for Inhalation Experiments with Standard Workers in Belfast. 3. Mortality 1940-66. Br. J. ind. Med., 28, 226. Reference Samples of Asbestos of the Inter national Union Against Cancer (UICC). Aerosol ( iNaham, J. & Graham, R. (1967) Ovarian Cancer Sci., 1, 215. and Asbestos. Envir. Res., X, 115. Gross, P., de Trevtlle, R. T. P., Tolker, E. B., Kaschak, M. & Babyax, M. A. (1967) Experi Vorwald, A. J., Durkan, T. M. & Pratt, P. C. (1951) Experimental Studies of Asbestosis. A.M.A. Archs ind. Hyg., 3, 1. mental Asbestosis. The Development of Lung Wagner, J. C. (1963) Asbestosis in Experimental Cancer in Rats with Pulmonary Deposits of Animals. Br. J. ind. Med., 20, 1. Chrysotile Asbestos Dust. Archs envir. HUh, 15, 343. Knox, J. F., Holmes, S., Doll, R. & Hill, I. D. (1968) Mortality from Lung Cancer and Other Causes Among Workers in an Asbestos Textile Factory. Br. J. ind. Med., 25, 293. Kcschner, M. & Laskin, S. (1970) Pulmonary Epithelial Tumors and Tumor-like Proliferation Wagner, J. C. (1965) The Sequelae of Exposure to Asbestos Dust. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., 132, 691. Wagner, J. C. (1972) The Significance of Asbestos in Tissue. In Recent Results in Cancer Research, Vol. 39, Current Problems in the Epidemiology of Cancer and Lymphomas. Ed. E. Grundmann and H. Tulinius. New York: Springer-Verlag. p. 37. in the Rat. In Morphology of Experimental Respiratory Carcinogenesis. Proc. Conf. Gatlinburg 13--16 May 1970. Ed. P. Nettesheim, Wagner, J. C. & Berry, G. (1969) Mesotheliomas in Rats Following Inoculation with Asbestos. Br. J. Cancer, 23, 567. M. G. Hanna, Jr. and J. W. Deatherage, Jr. U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, Symposium Series, No. 21. p. 203. Wagner, J. C., Berry, G. & Timbrell, V. (1973) Mesotheliomas in Rats Following Inoculation with Asbestos and Other Materials. Br. J. Cancer, Minister op Labour and National Service 28, 173. (1949) Annual Report of the Chief Inspector of Factories for the Year 1947 (Cmd. 7621). London: HMSO. Wagner, J. C. & Skidmore, J. W. (1965) Asbestos Dust Deposition and Retention in Rats. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., 132, 77. Morris, T. G., Roberts, W. H., Silverton, R. E., Skidmore, J. W., Wagner, J. C. & Cook, Wright, G. W. (1969) Asbestos and Health in 1969. Am. Bev. resp. Dis., 100, 467.