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FILE NAME Industrial Hygiene Foundation IHF DATE 1955 Nov DOC IHF063 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION Conference Proceedings PITTSBURPGHITTSBURGHPA November 16 and 17 1955 w= yoENGINEERING CONFERENCE so 30 Wednesday November 16 1955 Mellon Institute JOINTENGINEERINGLEGAL 1205 a oa - CONFERENCE CONFERENCE _ November 16 1955 Wednesday Lan ao Mellon Institute MORNING SESSION 9:30 A.M. Conference Room Ss : | Fe | Chairman WESLEY C. HEMEON IndustrialEngineering Director Industrial Hygiene Foundation Work in Excessively Hot Environments . LUCIEN BROUHA M.D. Head Physiology Division Haskell Laboratory for Toxicology and Industrial Medicine E. E du Pont de Nemours & Conipany Inc. : Conference Room ( 2:00 P.M. Chairman THEODORE C. WATERS : Miles & Stockbridge Baltimore Md a: . Chairman Legal Committee of H 0 ASPECTS ENGINEERING AND LEGAL . OF MANAGEMENT'S RESPONSIBILITY FOR ~ CONTROL OF INDUSTRIAL HAZARDS A Panel Discussion | Moderator J. DEWEY DORSETT General Manager Association of Casualty and Surety Companies nc 7 Measurement and ; 7 a Personal Protection ew oeoe ee) PAUL L. MICHAM PH.D Research Physicist Mine Appliances Company Safety in the Use of Radioisotopes . HERMAN CEMBER Graduate School of Public Health University of Pittsburgh * AFTERNOON SESSION 2:00 P.M. Conference Room JOINT CONFERENCE ; : Engineering - Legal , mo Program on Page 7 Participants . H. GLENN GARDINER M.D.M.D. 7 Medical Director . Inland Steel Company . J. GRESH Services Assistant Director Department of Personnel American . Brake Shoe Company WESLEY i. L. HEMEON : ~ Engineering Director mS . Industrial Hygiene Foundation . HUGH M. JACKSON Program Manager Industrial Health | Manville Corporation B. E. KUECHLE * . Vice President and Claim Manager 7 Employers Mutual Liability Insurance Company JEROME : POLLACK Program Consultant Social Security Department International Union 1AW South JAMES J. REID Carolina Industrial Commission AW ana Foundation of America Inc. Pa Printed in U.S.A. TWENTIETH ANNUAL MEETING INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE FOUNDATION OF AMERICA HELD AT MELLON INSTITUTE PITTSBURGH PA NOVEMBER 16 and 17 1955 TRANSACTIONS OF The General Meeting AND The Conferences- | -Medical Toxicological -Joint Medical and Toxicological Legal Engineering -Joint Engineering and Lega geo & HIGHLIGHTS OF THE PROPOSED MODEL TY WORKMEN'S COMPENSATION LAW PTE ARTHUR LARSON LL.D. Under Secretary United States Department of Labor TN In a few days we shall distribute to workmen's compensation experts throughout the country for criticism and suggestions our discussion draft of the proposed model workmen's compensation jaw It was just about a year ago in Orlando Florida that I an- nounced the initiation of this venture and adumbrated some of the possible features of a model law And when I accepted the invitation to speak at this meeting it was in the hope that this could be the occasion for unveiling some of the more interesting and controversial items in the draft Background of the Project When someone asks why the Department of Labor of the Federal Government is taking such an interest in a field that is predominantly one of State legislation it is appropriate to recall that this is in line with a tradition that goes back 62 years The beginning of the workmen's compensation movement in this country can be traced to the Fourth Special Report in 1893 of the Commissioner of Labor who was of course the lineal ancestor of our present Department of Labor The Commissioner John Graham Brooks published a detailed analysis of the German system which had been introduced by Bismarck in 1884. This report antedated by four years even the first British Act which was passed in 1897 The Commissioner's report aroused widespread interest among the States and a number of Commissions were set up to study possible State legislation The first commission was that of Massachusetts in 1904 followed by Illinois in 1907 Connecticut in 1908 New York Pre TR in 1909 and a number of others in 1910 It is significant so far as Federal interest is concerned that the MRT first compensation act to survive in this country was the Act passed by Congress in 1908 covering certain Federal employees TRS For today's purposes the most interesting moment in this early story occurred in 1910 when a conference took place in Chicago attended by representatives of all the State and Federal commissions 76 TE oy j i studying workmen's workmen's compensation legislation At this conference there was drafted a Uniform Workmen's Compensation Law T may be mistaken but so far as I know there has never from that time until today been put together a document which dared to call itself a model workmen's compensation law The theory of this present undertaking is not that anyone is wise enough to write an exemplary act but that the various States through ingenuity and error over the years have in experiencewritten such an act if we can only find it It lies in the best effect provisions of the best acts and almost every State has something to contribute The discussion draft was prepared by a committee of six with- in in the Department of Labor under the chairmanship of the Under Secretary Mr. Paul Gurske Director of the Bureau of Labor Stand- ards was able to contribute the experience of one who very recently directed a State program Mr. McElroy brought the research and sta- tistical background of his experience in the Bureau of Labor Statis- tics where among other things he has a special expertise in work injuries statistics and reporting Mr. Driscoll who heads our admin- istration of the Longshoremen's and Harbor Workers Act has had years of contact with an act which is comparable in substance and procedure to State acts Mr. Ward Boote Assistant Solicitor of Labor has had a long association with both the legislative and litiga- tion aspects of the two Federal acts and has spent countless hours on the drafting as well as the substantive problems of this act and Mr. . Bruce Greene of the Bureau of Labor Standards has borne the main working burden of building up the draft and carrying the project forward utilizing his specialized knowledge based on many years of with States on improvement of their compensation laws , We all realized that this was a almost arrogant taking That is one reason I announced it in Orlando since I figured that once a public commitment had been made we would have go through with it There were many times during the year when there flashed through my mind those stirring lines Somebody said it couldn't be done With a smile he went right to it He tackled the thing that couldn't be done And couldn't do it 1 it your Well it isn't done yet, but, with your help, we think thatthat before it will long will be too it We decided that it would be impractical to con- sult with various interested groups during this initial drafting stage since there are literally thousands of people who have a right to con- 77 7. Cataracts have been studied in more detail In general there has been a delay in onset of from 2 to 60 days folwhether the result of a single large dose lowing exposure or repeated smaller doses 8. While these effects have been observed qualitatively good quantitative data are lacking particularly in regard to power It to be fairly obvious that animals can be injured by appears of the electromagnetic spectrum the called microwave segment similarly affected Further There is no such evidence that bumans are work is indicated and is being done The important problems are re- measurement and evaluation of exposure limits of exposure lated to studies of humans as related to frequency and power continuing known to be exposed If a hazard is indicated the question of methods must be investigated In the meantime it is strongly of protection from radar suggested that exposure to microwaves particularly Some should be avoided Eye protection is particularly important studies are now being made of use of special screen glasses for this but there are many problems involved in their use purpose brief discussion will stimulate sufficient in- It is hoped that this will be found which will terest in this whole subject so that answers dismissing it as no problem or if it is a problem to permit either and medical controlling it establish the engineering RECENT OBSERVATIONS ON CHRONIC PULMONARY BERYLLIUM DISEASE G. W. H. SCHEPERS M.D. D.Sc. Director Saranac Laboratory and Trudeau Foundation The concept berylliosis has already become so firmly entrenched in medical literature that it may seen audacious to challenge its the conducted at the validity The results obtained from research recently to reconsider the criteria of Saranac Laboratory impels one however this disease and more particularly those pertaining to its chronic manifestations This research has also brought to light certain interest- ing aspects of the fundamental pathology of the pulmonary derange- ments provoked by various compounds of beryllium The observations to be briefly presented in this review of the sub- : ject are based on the following studies : a a systematic histological and chemical review of 31 of the 58 lung specimens constituting the Saranac Laboratory collection assembled since 1943 and on which material remained in the Laboratory for detailed study b a review of the material and results obtained from the comprehensive series of experiments conducted in the Saranac Laboratory with beryllium compounds since 1943 Table 1 ( e personally conducted range experiments on the bio- logical action of a variety of beryllium compounds acknowledgement being hereby made to the Damon Runyon Fund American Cancer Society Atomic Energy Commission and the Office of Naval Research for generous assistance in connection with this work Table 2 ( d a detailed study of the pulmonary material from a current series of nine beryllium pulmonary disease cases acknowledgement is made for the assistance of physicians who cooperated in furnishing the lung biopsy or autopsy specimens; e a range investigation of the potential role of beryllium in the genesis of pulmonary diseases not usually associated with the problem of berylliosis sarcoidosis anthracosis asbestosis siderosis and silicosis to 0. J. Dobrogorski M.D T. M. Durkan ME A. B. 1. Acknowledgement is made Creedon of the Saranac Laboratory for their Delahant M. Roberts M.E. and F. technical asistance assistance in connection with these programs 139 Wal s beryl master master ) masmastter er of Alveoar copper copcopper er copcopp eer r employe 4 BielcccoohppppoeerrvsBielkchovskyy of Bielchovsky Bielchovsky Bielchovsky Figure Reticulos from biopsy Difuse Lungextracion aloyore beryl Wals beryl x mastera 175 Alveoar - from coper 3of oxide Malory ColagensiFigure beryliumberyliumDecasd andto plant Difuse capacity to cause chronic disease Many of these substances certainly are inert with respect to certain animal species Table 1 Such generalizations may fortify those who have been claiming confirm immunity for certain beryllium industries It is necessary to therefore that our Saranac Laboratory cases include indisputable examples of the chronic disease from employees of virtually every major industry in the country which has handled beryllium compounds Thus we have cases from industries primarily concerned with the extraction of beryllium from ore and the manufacturing of beryllium copper master alloys cases from brass foundries ceramic and electrical industries and even a case arising in an atomic pile worker The fluorescent tube industry has yielded the largest number of cases Lung Cancer Caused by Beryllium Compounds One of the more spectacular results we have recently obtained with our studies on beryllium concerns the production of lung cancer This discovery was presaged by Doctor Gardner's original demonstra- silicate tion that fluorescent tube powder zine beryllium manganese induced bone sarcoma in rabbits and guinea pigs on intravenous in- jection It has now been possible to show that this same substance causes squamous cell carcinomatosis in rats Figure 8 That it is pul- the beryllium in the compound mixture which constitutes the monary carcinogen has been confirmed with repeated success with beryllium sulphate Figure 9 All the common varieties of car- cinoma have already been produced and the yield of tumors is high after a relatively prolonged induction period Table 4 Figures 10 . and 11 . Though frequently multifocal in origin the tumors are truly malignant metastasize and would eventually kill the victims if left undisturbed The normal control rats have never been observed to yield similar pulmonary tumors Not only have we succeeded in trans- planting such tumors to subcutaneous tissues of other rats but we have succeeded in retransplanting such growth subcutaneously into other rats now even to the fifth successive generation. Even trans- planted tumors have retained their capacity to metastasize We have conducted studies on the possible carcinogenesis of the beryllium with quartz iron and asbestos dust The latter study is still in prog- ress but the earlier studies showed that the presence of either quartz or iron in the lungs of animals exposed to the beryllium sulphate transplants 8. Acknowledgement is made to Dr. O. J. Dobregorski and Mr. A. B. Delahant of the Saranac Laboratory for their assistance in the program of tumor 151 ; KHes.lrCompaniesHackbert L. HenrySuretyHHaarrllaann Dr. and ; and CompanyCasultyCompany eT of Oil Mot r Asociaton Association Oil FordAsociatnSun Hilthe Zimeran L.of Zimeran Zim erman Kalmykow E. James right Wilam ; right to Andrew left Stockbridgewer and Rehabiltonspeakrs Miles speakers for Confer c Instiute Instiute Waters C. At orney Legal Legal Kes l r Theod r Chicago WORKMEN'S COMPENSATION LEGISLATIVE REVIE19W55 ANDREW KALMYKOW Assistant Manager Casualty Department Association of Casualty & Surety Companies This has been a busy year I am not now speaking of our own individual activities which I am sure justify the use of this phrase I have in mind rather the activities of the various State Legislatures This being an numbered year regular sessions were held in 48 jurisdictions No regular sessions were held in Kentucky Mississippi and Virginia There were in addition special sessions in 14 states As usual workmen's compensation received a great deal of attention In observing the subject matter of legislation over the years I doubt that any other laws consistently receive throughout the country so much legislative attention It is probably fortunate that only a comparatively small portion of this volume actually gets enacted into law Even at that numerically the volume is substantial It would he well beyond the reasonable length of a paper such as this to discuss such amendments in any degree of detail I am going to limit my remarks therefore primarily to the more important occu- pational disease enactments I am appending however a complete list of such occupational disease legislation for convenient reference I will also touch briefly upon a few of the more important work- men's compensation changes which have been adopted There have been no new laws providing compensation for occu- pational diseases where previously no such compensation was paid Neither Wyoming nor Mississippi have enacted such laws These are the last two remaining States which do not provide some form of compensation for such diseases While Montana does not have a regular compensation act for occupational diseases it provides a public pension for persons suffering from this disease year an attempt was made to have industry in that State retroactively pay the cost of such benefits However this was not enacted Other legislation which would have provided compensation for occupational diseases generally also failed of enactment Compromise of Viewpoints in Wisconsin . One of the most interesting laws passed this year and one which is likely to have considerable effect in other states is that relating to loss of hearing in Wisconsin This is the first of such laws designed 177 for standards and techniques It should assist in setting up controls It should provide the know In short it should provide the theory of control so to speak but the duties of application must ever remain with management the plant There are many many communities where the nuisance due to dust fall of relatively coarse particles depositing by gravity on surfaces is the nuisance of importance and yet we find ourselves uni- carrier md The moment management fastens the versally allowing almost any untrained person to rate the relative or unconsciously that because on notion either consciously importance of emissions in terms of how much fumes or smoke or responsible that is that its insurance is in the picture it is not dust appears to be coming out of the chimney Our progress is responsibility has shifted to the the battle of control is 50 per cent lost to be very seriously impaired unless we modify that viewpoint going eb Aa Should the carrier accept such an untenable position it will be required to attempt the frequently impossible task of seeking action from persons not within its control and even though the employees of management are sympathetic and ee cooperative the carrier cannot from a cost standpoint provide the constant constant attention and supervision ERS which such a controlled program requires MODERATOR DORSETT Mr. Jackson MR JACKSON There are many engineering approaches to dust collection There are many problems in determining what is the right method of dust collection for a given situation particularly when you think in the terms of the types of dust with which we are con- fronted A micron is 125 thousandths of an inch and it is not at all VERN MR JACKSON I would concur entirely with Mr. Daily It is managenient's responsibility a ere hap | unusual to find industrial dust in terms of hundredths of a micron When we visualize that we have particles that size to contend with we realize that the matter of dust control and dust collection is no MODERATOR DORSETT This question is addressed to Mr. th longer a job that can be turned over to the plant tinsmith All of the Hemeon and Mr. Jackson Are there ek oie engineering skills knowledge of all of the most recent any important new engineering developments respecting dust collection for cent in collection equipment design are needed to insure developments avoiding air pollution nuisances What procedure should be followed et The control of dust and other air pollutants is adequate control by a company in the at If you do not have a job for an expert selection of the most suitable dust collector Mr. Hemeon a qualified staff of your own make sure that the " MR HEMEON eA consulting organization has had ample and successful experience such In the sense of discovery of a new principle COUR MODERATOR DORSETT as electrostatic precipitation and the like no there are none What is the Let's take up the next question I do however want to emphasize a point which responsibility of the manufacturer to the industrial con- frequently overlooked We have in existence seems to me to be Na sumer in identifying the toxic constituent or potential of the for controlling any dust air pollution problenmoswthaadteqeuxaitset eTqhueippmreobn-t He duct ? That is addressed to Mr. Jackson and Mr. Gresh pro- lems are economic problems More particularly I think it unfortunate MR JACKSON I think the manufacturer has banghe that there is such a general lack of interest in attempts to responsibility to identify to his industrial a very definite and to rate the relative importance of different emissions inmeasure NCo of his products Insofar consumer the constituents a com- RA munity Since the air pollution problem is such a vast one it is most as our own industrial health program is con- cerned I have found little difficulty in obtaining such information sloegeikcamlettohoaddsoptantdhe philosophy of first things first and therefore to ar, In general manufacturers permit an exchange of data quite adequate procedures to define what requires primary at- to enable the consumer to properly control whatever ah tention first what is second and so on be potentially harmful exposures might Se There is an additional point of importance One prime illustra- tion of what to me is a fundamental error in consideration of air pollution due to particulate matter is one that I paper I gave at one of the Foundation's emphasized in the ago and a point which I would like meetings a few years to reemphasize now and that is this The almost universal tendency to rate emissions from basis of what they look like to the stacks on the man on the street as he walks by and not only that but to the engineer in the plant as he walks through 272 MR GRESH : I go along with that with perhaps a few additional remarks and that is that if the manufacturer and I believe this is required by the Manufacturing Chemists Association who have expensive and elaborate labeling codes puts on a label the very hazard of the chemical or the toxic degree of material what it contains and what the antidote might be he has to a large degree satisfied the requirements of industry or management I know within our own company our medical department has 273 UNITED SPECIAL UNITED STATES STATES GOVERNMENT School Armed SUBSCRIBERS DEPARTMENTS OF HEALTE cITys HEALTH HEALTH DEPARTMENTS DEPARTMENTS DEPARTMENTS Baltimore Raraleph Aviation Industrial Firid Maryland Industrial Laboratory Army Ayaiy Bureau of Medicine Surgery Surgery Navy Naval Naval Air Station Station Alameda Pensacola Naval Naval Air Pensacola Washington Naval Naval Gun Factory Francisco Naval Radiation San Francisco Mavul Boston Boston Mass Nuva} Yard Mavy Navy Bremerton Bremrton N.Y. Navy Navy Brooklyn Navy Navy Charleston CharlIessltaonnd Navy Mare Navy Yard Pearl Navy Yard Philadelphia Philadephi y Navy Portsmouth Portsmouth > Navy Yard Portsmouth Portsmouth Navy Navy Navy Yard Navy Navy Yard Valejo Industrial Navy Office Industrial Yard, Other Industrial Navy L Agencies Agencies Tennessee Tennessee Other Other Federal SPECIALISTS SPECIALISTS SPECIALISTS SPECIALISTS Hayhurst Belknap Dr. E. Hayhurst Belknap Mr. J. Holden Kemm Good Dr. Johnstone Johnstone Bey Dr. Charles Hedwig Kuhu pe Dr. W. G. Hannon Good Hedwig De, Dr. Sappington INSTUIONS INSTITUTIONS INSTITUTIONS INSTITUTIONS INSTIUTIONS AND OTHER ORGANIZATIONS ORGANIZATIONS American American AssociationAssociation Asociation Industrial Nurses Library Laboratory Institute Library Pittsburgh Pitsburgh Medical Medical College UAW Johns Hopkins Johns New York New York of University Medicine Medicine Civil Commission Commission Dept. Library U.S. U.S. U.S. Public Health Service U.S, Heago Heago Heago Sun U.S. Public Yarh Servi ak. STATE STATE DEPARTMENTS STATE STATE st Connecticut Connecticut New New Hampshire Georgia Idaho Illincla Indiana Lowa Kansas Maryland Michigan Missuari Missuari Mies New Labor State Library Fand bor ve alum ry Conn Fabrikstilsynets Bokhandeln Bokhandeln Sweden Pretoris Department NationalPretoris Africa Health and Africa Oliawa Sentia Sentia Edmonton Health Public Public Winnipeg de Higiene, Sao Paulo Brazil South Africa Africa Brazil WellingtWoen llington ath Wellington Labor Office Medical Research Council Loudon England Ministry Health Cardiff Wales Ministry Labour QuebecNational Service Service London ug Labour Salpeterfabriker Salpeterfabriker Salpeterfabriker Salpeterfabriker Eldanger of Sydney Australia Australia Norway University Workmen's Vancouver Vancouver B.C. Compensation Board Univer y of Sydney. Australia Workmen's Conpensation Bard, Vancouver, B.C OFFICERS AND STAFF BOARD OF TRUSTEES Lypuntive OFFICERS OFFICERS STASTFAFFFYork, NLY. St. dosetin OFFICERS AND Prosident, BOARD BOARD OF TRUSTEES ANDREW FLETCHER TRUSTEES TRUSTEES President St. Joseph Conipany CN haie rmaw n N.Y. Secretary AEARN AEARN Secretary Chairmay industrial industrial Washingts.C Washingts.C Malkin WATERS General Counsel Malkin Stockbridge Waters Waters Md NOY. Allegheny Allegheny G. BATCHELLER BATCHELLER BATCHELLER Niue ri President LudiumBACorpToraTtionS New Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Carborundum ARTHUR ARTHUR tte Neral Carborundum Carborundum Company Niagara Falls N.Y. VANDIVER BROWN BROWN Secretary lolits NED NatDEiAoRBnORaNlCDoEARBORrN pPorHa.tiDo.n PH.D. New Yor Manning Manning Director Corneil DEWEY DORBETT Companies Muss. Association Casualty Casualty DORBETT Association Companies PHILIP DRINKER SC.D. Muss York, 4. Public Public SC.D. Hatvan Seoul B. GIVEN New York American American Brake Company C. HIRTH Ohio phis, Ph. Company ToledTooledo HITCHINS RefractortesRefractortes Refractortes Company Company Philadelphia Re peye es Refractortes View Digsitents Mutual KURCHLE KURCHLE Company Wansen Insurance Insurance Company yer Pat ver ter, LANZA B Associate Ales Metrogulitan Metrogulitan Tusurance Company New J. MCLAUGHLIN MCLAUGHLIN Life Company Ue jet, Wanies 2 Vice Carbiti^' Carbon Corporation York F. MCMAHON MCMAHON Corporation Managing Pirer tary JOHN JOHN Rygiene PoundatPoiuonndation Pittsburgh So GEORGE GEORGE MIXTER MIXTER Vice President Refining Mining MOREELL Mining Company BEN BEN Chairman President President Laughlin Laughlin Corporation r tou, Th! Corporation R. SAYERS M.D. M.D. Chairman Medical Advisory Advisory Advisory R.T1MW Welfare Welfare Retirement ior, Fun SELBY M.D. M.D. Medical Consultant General Motors Corporation Fart span gynio 3 Manager Hall THOMPSON THOMPSON Company and Generad Generad Company ree? Treasurer YANT China Lifferpoel Ohio Cel and Development Development Development Safety SC.D. Comins Director of Research Research E. ZIMMERMAN ZIMMERMAN Appliances pit Steel Corporation Corporation Delaware SC.D. SC.D. President President S. EXECUTIVE STAFF FY Managing Managing Theodore McMahon McMahon Director Richard Hutch Hutch C. Richard Walmer Jack Brown Hemgon James Morgan Ph.D. Soe M.II. ee oe 1 Research 6 1 Medica Director Director Director Research Director chemist 5 Harlow Chapman Chapman . George Haines Jr. George F. Haines Sy. ee 5 M.D. Kammer M.D. MOD. , Kutscher M.D. MD. 4 Howard Marey M.D. 1 i C. Howard Marey, ALD. 4