Document zdr8Gk7V4YDmpGx3GQmgrdVB

SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY LAW DIVISION GLOUCESTER COUNTY NVF COMPANY, ) Plaintiff ) ) Docket No. Vs. ) GLD L-001594-91 AMERICAN CASUALTY COMPANY OF ) ) Civil Action READING, PENNSYLVANIA, ET AL., ) Defendants. CONTINUED DEPOSITION OF WILLIAM B PAPAGEORGE Taken on Behalf of Lumbermens Mutual Casualty Company Day Two August 2 7, 1997 -f Taylor & Associates Reporting, Inc. (in i< i m rnitii its 7494 ETHEL AVE. ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI 63117 PHONE: (314) 644-2191 1 -800-280-DEPO DEPONlT ! WATER PCB-SD0000074362 2-1 1 INDEX OF QUESTIONERS 2 QUESTIONS BY: Mr. Warning 3 Mr. Lohmar Ms . Dougherty 4 Mr. Hilber Mr . Kline 5 Mr. Lohmar Mr . Warning 6 Page 5 44 87 89 95 179 181 7 INDEX OF DEFENDANT'S DEPOSITION EXHIBITS 8 NO . DESCRIPTION MARKED 17 Product Brochure 10 9 18 Group of documents 11 19 Group of Documents 15 10 2 0 Letter dated 8/14/70 19 2 1 Handling information 20 11 2 2 Handling information 28 2 3 Group of documents 30 12 24 Group of documents 33 25 Sales Summary 35 13 2 6 Shipping report 42 27 Letter dated 6/16/86 47 14 28 Address list 64 2 9 Group of documents 17 6 15 16 Exhibits attached to original transcript 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 TAYLOR & ASSOCIATES (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074363 22 1 IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY LAW DIVISION 2 GLOUCESTER COUNTY 3 NVF COMPANY, ) 4) Plaintiff, ) 5 vs . ) ) Docket No. 6 AMERICAN CASUALTY COMPANY ) GLD L-001594-91 OF READING, PENNSYLVANIA, ) 7 ET AL. ) ) 8 Defendants. ) 9 10 11 CONTINUED DEPOSITION OF WILLIAM B 12 PAPAGEORGE, produced, sworn and examined on the 13 27th day of August, 1997, between the hours o f 14 eight o'clock in the forenoon and six o'cloc k in 15 the afternoon of that day, at the offices of 16 Taylor and Associates, 7494 Ethel, St. Louis 17 Missouri, before Nancy A. Kuncaitis, a 18 Registered Professional Reporter and Notary 19 Public within and for the State of Missouri in 20 the cause now pending in the Superior Court of 2 1 New Jersey, Law Division, Gloucester County, 22 wherein NVF Company is the Plaintiff, and 2 3 American Casualty Company of Reading 24 Pennsylvania, et al. are the Defendants. 25 TAYLOR & ASSOCIATES (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074364 2-3 1 APPEARANCES 2 For NVF Company: 3 REED, SMITH, SHAW & McCLAY BY: Paul S. Kline 4 435 Sixth Avenue Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219 5 (412) 288-7280 6 For Lumbermens Mutual Casualty Company: 7 TRESSLER, SODERSTROM, MALONEY & PRIESS 8 BY: Brett L. Warning Sears Tower, 22nd Floor 9 233 S. Wacker Drive Chicago, Illinois 60606 10 (312) 627-1717 11 For Monsanto Company and William B. Papageorge: 12 SMITH, HELMS, MULLISS & MOORE, L.L.P. BY: Gerard H. Davidson, Jr. 13 300 North Greene Street, Suite 1400 P. O. Box 21927 14 Greensboro, North Carolina 27420 (910) 378-5267 15 16 For Appalachian Insurance Company: 17 WILLIAMS & MONTGOMERY, LTD. BY: Douglas W. Lohmar 18 20 North Wacker Drive Chicago, Illinois 60606 19 (312) 443-3200 20 For CIGNA Companies: 21 WHITE & WILLIAMS 22 BY: Lynne A. Sitarski One Liberty Place, Suite 1800 23 1650 Market Street Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19103-7301 24 (215) 864-7005 25 TAYLOR & ASSOCIATES (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074365 2-4 1 For Liberty Mutual Insurance Company: 2 MANTA AND WELGE BY: Ann R. Dougherty 3 2000 Market Street, 6th Floor Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19103 4 (215) 851-6600 5 For London Market Insurers: 6 MENDES & MOUNT BY: Albert C. Hilber 7 One Newark Center Newark, New Jersey 01702-5259 8 (201) 639-7300 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 TAYLOR & ASSOCIATES (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074366 2-5 1 IT IS HEREBY STIPULATED AND AGREED by and 2 between Counsel for the Plaintiff and Counsel 3 for the Defendant that this deposition may be 4 taken by Nancy A. Kuncaitis, Notary Public and 5 Registered Professional Reporter, thereafter 6 transcribed into typewriting, with the signature 7 of the witness being expressly reserved. 8 9 WILLIAM B. PAPAGEORGE. 10 of lawful age, being produced, sworn and 11 examined on behalf of Lumbermens Mutual Casualty 12 Company testified as follows: 13 14 EXAMINATION 15 QUESTIONS BY MR. WARNING: 16 Q. Good morning, Mr. Papageorge. 17 A. Good morning. 18 Q. As you know, on July 30, 1997, we were taking 19 your deposition in this case and today we are 20 continuing and ending that deposition. And do 2 1 you recall all the preliminary instructions that 22 I gave you on July 30? 23 A. I do. 24 Q. And do we agree those will apply today as well? 25 A. Certainly. TAYLOR & ASSOCIATES (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074367 2-6 1 Q. Mr. Papageorge, do you remember on July 30, when 2 I had shown you some copies of labels that 3 Monsanto used for Aroclor products? 4 A. I do. 5 Q. Do you know if Monsanto has any originals of any 6 of those labels? 7 A. I personally don't know at this point in time. 8 MR. WARNING: Off the record a 9 moment. 10 (Discussion off the record) 11 MR. WARNING: Back on the record. 12 Q. Mr. Papageorge, during your employment at 13 Monsanto, were you ever aware of any heat 14 transfer systems which used Aroclors leaking? 15 MR. KLINE: Objection, are you asking 16 him at the Monsanto facilities or nationwide? 17 MR. WARNING: Good point. 18 Q. Any system outside of Monsanto? 19 A. The period of time is throughout my employment 2 0 with Monsanto? 21 Q. Correct. 22 A. Yes. 2 3 Q. Could you explain your knowledge of any leaks 24 from heat transfer systems that used Aroclors? 25 A. I don't know what you mean by knowledge. You _______________ (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074368 2-7 1 mean my awareness of a leak or what caused it 2 and where in the system it happened? It can get 3 pretty complex. 4 Q. Okay. How did you become aware that some heat 5 transfer systems using Aroclors would leak? 6 A. By personal observation, my involvement with the 7 maintenance of such systems, and my being 8 informed from customers that were using the 9 fluids that Monsanto supplied. That about 10 covers it. 11 Q. Do you know where within those systems leaks 12 would occur? 13 MR. KLINE: I'm going to object as 14 overbroad, but you can answer. 15 A. It could happen virtually anywhere in the 16 system. Some parts of the systems are more 17 vulnerable to the presence of leakage, but it 18 could happen anywhere. 19 Q. Which systems were more vulnerable to leaking? 20 A. When you say systems, are you describing the 2 1 entire heat transfer system or portions within 22 the systems? 23 Q. When I'm referring to systems, I'm referring to 24 the entire heat transfer system. 25 A. Generally those that operated at the higher TAYLOR & ASSOCIATES (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074369 2-8 1 temperature, and those that were operated at 2 higher pressures. 3 Q. When you say temperature and pressures what are 4 you referring to? 5 A. I'll try to remember. And I'm sure these are 6 not totally accurate. I would suggest that 7 temperatures above 400 degrees Fahrenheit and 8 pressures exceeding 200 pounds per square inch. 9 Q. Was this knowledge that Monsanto shared with 10 parties that used the heat transfer systems? 11 A. When you say -- do you mean did Monsanto tell 12 customers under these conditions you might have 13 leaks, is that what you mean by that? 14 Q. Correct. 15 A. Of course I can't speak for the individuals that 16 were dealing directly with the customer but in 17 assisting the customer in selecting the portions 18 of the system that might be affected such as the 19 packing around a pump or the gasket between two 20 connecting flanges, pressures and temperatures 2 1 are definitely a part of that consideration in 22 selecting do you use an asbestos gasket or a 2 3 Teflon gasket and so on. 24 Q. Do you know if there was anything that users of 2 5 the heat transfer systems could do to avoid TAYLOR & ASSOCIATES (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074370 2-9 1 leaks? 2 MR. DAVIDSON: Let me interpose an 3 objection. Monsanto is not a manufacturer of 4 heat transfer systems and not a manufacturer of 5 all types of heat transfer fluids. There are 6 hundreds, I suppose. Your notice called for 7 questions with regard to use of Aroclors in heat 8 transfer systems. Monsanto wasn't in the 9 business of advising people about heat transfer 10 systems generally or how they worked or how they 11 should work or any of that sort of stuff, so we 12 need to get back more to the focus of what your 13 suit is about. 14 MR. WARNING: I understand your 15 concern. I'm almost done with this area. 16 MR. DAVIDSON: Just that water and 17 oil, petroleum oils, Aroclors and a whole lot of 18 different things could be heat transfer media. 19 MR. WARNING: Right, and my questions 20 were directed, and I should have been more 2 1 clear, directed to heat transfer systems using 22 Aroclors is what I'm referring to. 23 Q. Mr. Papageorge, do you know if there were any 24 benefits to using Aroclors rather than other 2 5 fluids that could be used as heat transfer TAYLOR & ASSOCIATES (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074371 2-10 1 fluid? 2 A. Well - 3 MR. KLINE: Objection, no 4 foundation. 5 A. The benefits that could be described would be 6 based on what it's being compared to. I have in 7 mind such things as fire resistance. Water is 8 fire resistant also, but the benefits of Aroclor 9 is that they can reach higher temperature 10 without having to resort to high pressure steam, 11 which usually requires a licensed operator. 12 Then one might talk about the benefits of just 13 clear lubricity of this Aroclor as compared to 14 some other fluids, whether it be water or 15 petroleum oil or glycol and so on. So I don't 16 know that I answered your question, but it 17 depends what you're comparing it to. 18 (Product brochure 19 marked as Exhibit No. 17 20 for identification.) 2 1 Q. Mr. Papageorge, you've just been handed a 22 document that's been identified by the court 2 3 reporter as Papageorge Exhibit No. 17. Would 24 you take a moment to look at that, please? 25 A. I have scanned the document. taylor & associates (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074372 2-11 1 Q. Thank you. For the record, this begins with 2 Bates number NVF 68. Have you seen this 3 document before? 4 A. Yes, I have. 5 Q. Could you tell us what it is, please? 6 A. This is a copy of a product brochure developed 7 by Monsanto to describe the properties of 8 plasticizers sold under the trademark Aroclor, 9 in, I would suggest, about 1971. 10 Q. You just said about 1971. Would that be the 11 date that this was prepared to the best of your 12 knowledge? 13 A. To the best of my knowledge, yes. 14 Q. Mr. Papageorge, was this a document that was 15 prepared in the ordinary course of Monsanto's 16 business? 17 A. Yes. 18 Q. Was either this document or a copy of this 19 document kept within Monsanto's files? 20 A. Yes. 2 1 Q. That's all I have with that. Thank you. 22 (Group of documents 2 3 marked as Exhibit No. 18 24 for identification.) 25 Q. Mr. Papageorge, you've just been handed several TAYL0R & ASS0CIATES (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074373 2-12 1 documents that have been grouped together as 2 Papageorge Exhibit No. 18. These are documents 3 with Bates numbers NVF 114, 115, 116 and 117. 4 If you would take a moment to look at those, 5 please? 6 A. I have looked at the exhibit. 7 Q. Have you seen these documents before, Mr. 8 Papageorge? 9 A. I have. 10 Q. Could you tell us what they are, please? 11 A. The first three, NVF 114, 115, 116 are copies of 12 what Monsanto referred to as call reports. 13 These are reports prepared by marketing 14 representatives describing visits with customers 15 and what was discussed. The document marked NVF 16 117 is a memorandum, a Monsanto memorandum in 17 which a field marketing representative informed 18 a marketing representative in St. Louis of an 19 order placed by NVF. 20 Q. Do you know if these documents were produced in 21 the ordinary course of Monsanto's business? 22 A. Yes, they were. 23 MR. LOHMAR: Produced or prepared? 24 MR. WARNING: Prepared. 25 A. Yes. ______________ (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074374 2-13 1 Q. And would either the original or a copy of these 2 documents have been kept in Monsanto's files? 3 A. Yes. 4 Q. If you would look at Page 114, please? 5 A. I have it. 6 Q. Do you see about halfway down that document 7 where it says to CP Farley? 8 A. I see that. 9 Q. Do you know who CP Farley is? 10 A. Mr. Farley was a marketing representative 11 located in St. Louis who assisted the field 12 people in responding to any inquiries made by 13 customers which the field individual felt he 14 needed further information. 15 Q. And do you see next to CP Farley there is WS 16 Clark? 17 A. I see that. 18 Q. Do you know who WS Clark is? 19 A. Mr. Clark at that time, as best I remember, was 20 Mr. Farley's immediate supervisor. 2 1 Q. Do you see above that to the right there, a box 22 labeled "salesman"? 23 A. Yes. 24 Q. Do you see John M. Van Gelder? 25 A . I do. TAYLOR & ASSOCIATES (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074375 2-14 1 Q. Do you know who that is? 2 A. He is the marketing representative operating out 3 in the field making calls on customers within a 4 given geographic area. 5 Q. Would you look at Page 115 please, Mr. 6 Papageorge? 7 A. I have it. 8 Q. Do you see about halfway down that document 9 where it says to JH Orem? 10 A. I see that. 11 Q. Do you know who JH Orem is? 12 A. Yes. 13 Q. Could you tell us who he is, please, he or she? 14 A. Mr. Orem, as best I remember, Mr. Orem replaced 15 Mr. Farley in the St. Louis office. 16 Q. Mr. Papageorge, do you know why the call reports 17 which comprise documents 114, 115 and 116 were 18 generated at Monsanto? 19 A. Of course I can't put myself in the position 20 that the field salesmen were in. It varied, the 2 1 use of the call report varied with the field 22 marketing representative's perception of the 2 3 importance of the item discussed, his ability to 24 get to a telephone, and his need to talk to more 25 than one person at a time and so I really can't TAYL0R & ASSOCIATES (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074376 2-15 1 tell you why these particular call reports were 2 prepared. 3 Q. Do you know if it was normal practice of 4 Monsanto employees to prepare a call report? 5 A. It wasn't only normal, it was a quite frequent 6 practice. 7 Q. Mr. Papageorge, would you look at Page 117, 8 please, in that exhibit? 9 A. I have it. 10 Q. Do you see near the bottom of the print on that 11 page a name which is Fred G. Sutton? 12 A. Yes. 13 Q. Do you know who Fred G. Sutton is? 14 A. Yes, I was trying to recall the exact title. He 15 was, as best I remember, a district manager to 16 whom the field salesmen reported in that area. 17 Q. That's all I have with that exhibit. Thank 18 y ou . 19 (Group of documents 2 0 marked as Exhibit No. 19 2 1 for identification.) 22 Q. Mr. Papageorge, you've just been handed several 23 documents that have been grouped together as 24 Papageorge Exhibit No. 19. These documents each 25 begin with the following Bates numbers: NVF TAYLOR & ASSOCIATES (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074377 2-16 1 3625, 3635, 3637, 3641, and 3699. If you would 2 take a moment to look at those, please. 3 MR. KLINE: Brett, do you have an 4 extra copy? 5 MR. WARNING: Sorry, I don't. 6 MR. KLINE: You had given an extra 7 copy -- not for this one. 8 MR. WARNING: Unfortunately, there 9 are a couple that I don't have an extra copy. 10 MR. KLINE: Mr. Davidson is taking a 11 look through his file to see; otherwise, I'll 12 have to sit next to you. 13 MR. LOHMAR: I'll switch. 14 MR. WARNING: Off the record. 15 (Discussion off the record) 16 MR. WARNING: Back on. 17 Q. Mr. Papageorge, have you had the opportunity to 18 take a look? 19 A. Yes, I have reviewed them. 2 0 Q. If you would look at the document beginning with 2 1 Bates number 3625, please? 22 A. I have it. 23 Q. Have you seen this before, Mr. Papageorge? 24 A. I have. 25 Q. Can you tell us what it is, please? TAYL0R & associates (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074378 2-17 1 A. This is a copy of a material safety data sheet 2 prepared on the Occupational Safety and Health 3 Administration's form by Monsanto for a product 4 entitled reclaimed Aroclor. 5 Q. Do you know what this was used for? 6 A. This was used to share with anyone that was 7 involved with Aroclors whether it be Monsanto 8 employees, transportation people, truckers and 9 railroads and the like and customers as well as 10 regulatory agencies and the general public that 11 might be interested. 12 Q. Documents which begin with Bates numbers 3635, 13 3637 and 3641, are those also similar material 14 safety data sheets? 15 A. They are similar and they cover a little 16 different version of Aroclor products. 17 Q. Have you seen those three documents before, Mr. 18 Papageorge? 19 A. Yes, I have. 20 Q. And those three documents along with document 2 1 3625, were they prepared by Monsanto in its 22 ordinary course of business? 2 3 A. They were. 24 Q. And were they or copies of them kept within 25 Monsanto's files? TAYLOR & ASSOCIATES (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074379 2-18 1 A. Yes. 2 Q. Would you look at the document that begins with 3 Bates number 3699, please? 4 A. I have it. 5 Q. Have you seen this document before, Mr. 6 Papageorge? 7 A. I have. 8 Q. Could you tell us what it is, please? 9 A. This is a copy of a letter, Monsanto letterhead 10 prepared by Elmer P. Wheeler in Monsanto's 11 corporate medical department, and the subject it 12 covers is the latest available information 13 relating to the presence of PCBs in the 14 environment. 15 Q. Do you know if this document was prepared by 16 Monsanto in its ordinary course of business? 17 A. It was. 18 Q. Do you know if this document or a copy of this 19 document was kept in Monsanto's files? 20 A. It was. 2 1 Q. Mr. Papageorge, do you know who this letter was 22 sent to? 23 A. It was sent to the customers that according to 24 Monsanto's records represented the biggest 25 users, which were primarily the manufacturers of TAYLOR & ASSOCIATES (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074380 2-19 1 electrical equipment. 2 Q. That's all I have with that exhibit. Thank 3 you. 4 (Letter dated 8/14/70 5 marked as Exhibit No. 20 6 for identification.) 7 Q. Mr. Papageorge, you've just been handed a 8 document which has been identified as Papageorge 9 Exhibit No. 20. Would you take a moment to look 10 at that document, please? This document 11 contains Bates number NVF 63. 12 A. I have read the document. 13 Q. Have you seen this document before, Mr. 14 Papageorge? 15 A. Yes, I have. 16 Q. Could you tell us what it is, please? 17 A. This is a copy of a Monsanto memorandum authored 18 by Paul W. Gann, G-A-N-N, and it's addressed to 19 the file and it lists recipients of a warning 20 letter mailed on August 14, 1970. 21 Q. Mr. Papageorge, do you know if this document was 22 prepared in the ordinary course of Monsanto's 23 business? 24 A. It was. 25 Q. Do you know if the original or a copy of the TAYLOR & ASSOCIATES (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074381 2-20 1 document was kept within Monsanto's files? 2 A. It was. 3 Q. Mr. Papageorge, do you know why this document 4 was created? 5 A. I really don't know what Mr. Gann intended. I 6 can only speculate and I don't want to do that. 7 Q. We don't want you to speculate. That's all I 8 have with that exhibit. 9 (Safe handling information 10 marked as Exhibit No. 21 11 for identification.) 12 Q. Mr. Papageorge, you've been handed an exhibit 13 identified as Papageorge Exhibit No. 21 which 14 contains two documents with Bates numbers NVF 15 3585 and 3595. If you would take a moment to 16 look at that, please? 17 A. I have scanned the two documents. 18 Q. Mr. Papageorge, have you seen those two 19 documents before? 20 A. Yes, I have. 2 1 Q. Could you tell us what they are, please? 22 A. These are copies of toxicity and safe handling 2 3 information for Monsanto's product Pydraul F-9 24 prepared by R. Emmett Kelly, Monsanto's 25 corporate medical director. TAYLOR & ASSOCIATES (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074382 2-21 1 Q. Do you know if these documents were prepared in 2 the ordinary course of Monsanto's business? 3 A. Yes, they were. 4 Q. Were these documents or copies of them kept in 5 Monsanto's files? 6 A. Yes. 7 Q. Mr. Papageorge, do you know if these documents 8 were distributed to anyone outside of Monsanto? 9 A. Yes, they were. 10 Q. Do you know who they would have been distributed 11 to? 12 A. This would have been customers of Monsanto that 13 had purchased Pydraul F-9 for use at their 14 facilities. It was also given to potential 15 customers, entities that exhibited an interest 16 in this type of material and were considering 17 using it in their equipment. 18 Q. On document 3585 do you see near the bottom left 19 corner one slash seven slash '64? 20 A. I do. 2 1 Q. Do you know if that's the date of that document? 22 A. That's the date of the issuance of the document. 2 3 Q. On 3595 do you see near the bottom left-hand 24 corner May 3, 1968? 25 A. I do. TAYLOR & ASSOCIATES (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER 2-22 1 Q. Would that be the date that document was 2 prepared? 3 A. Yes. 4 Q. When you said these were given to customers of 5 Pydraul and potential customers, how did 6 Monsanto determine which customers would receive 7 these if you know? 8 A. Well, the records would indicate who had 9 purchased Pydraul F-9. They would be perused 10 and a list put together and the marketing 11 department would be given the task, if you will, 12 of distributing either personally or by mail to 13 those customers on that list. 14 Q. Was there a time period involved in the 15 preparation of the list? And what I'm asking is 16 how far back in time, if you know, did the list 17 go to create the customers? 18 A. By practice it was at least three years prior to 19 date of issuance and any additional past 2 0 customers that may have purchased the material 2 1 in a period before that three-year period. 22 Q. Mr. Papageorge, do you recall on July 30, you 23 looked at several product bulletins that 24 Monsanto had produced? 25 A. Yes, sir. TAYLOR & ASSOCIATES (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074384 2-2 3 1 Q. When you told us that those bulletins were sent 2 to customers and potential customers of 3 Monsanto, would your testimony that you just 4 described for documents 3585 and 3595 as far as 5 how the customers were determined, would that 6 testimony apply to those product bulletins as 7 well ? 8 A. Yes. 9 MR. KLINE: I'm just going to place 10 an objection on the record. I'm still confused 11 as to the definition of customer, and we can 12 either correct it now to eliminate my confusion 13 or wait for me to ask questions. But if we 14 don't correct it sooner rather than later, it is 15 going to require me to ask a lot more 16 questions. And my general confusion is the 17 witness has talked about customers as being 18 direct customers and customers as being indirect 19 customers and then using -- and we're using the 2 0 general term customers and I want to know if 2 1 implicit in that use is that NVF would have been 22 a customer of Monsanto versus a customer of an 2 3 indirect customer which would be a user. I 24 don't want to have to ask him as to each 25 document that we've gone through, is this sent TAYLOR & ASSOCIATES (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074385 2-24 1 to NVF, was that sent to NVF and the impression 2 given by using the generic term customers is 3 that it was sent to everybody. 4 MR. WARNING: If you go back to the 5 first day, Mr. Papageorge explained what he 6 means when he referred to customers. 7 MR. KLINE: I can refer to Page 68 of 8 the first day of testimony was, there were 9 direct customers which were the users that 10 Monsanto sold directly to. So there was a 11 relationship there between Monsanto and that 12 customer and there were indirect customers which 13 are distributors, the people that didn't use the 14 product but distributed it to others and then he 15 says that they were users, and the users were 16 the people that purchased it from the indirect 17 customers. And NVF obviously is in that 18 category. So by using the term customer 19 generically I still don't know whether we're 2 0 saying NVF was a customer. 2 1 MR. LOHMAR: Why don't we ask the 22 witness? 2 3 MR. WARNING: He's also told us that 24 customer means direct and indirect customer. 25 MR. KLINE: Right, so implicitly that TAYLOR & ASSOCIATES (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074386 2-25 1 would not be a user as he defined when he 2 defined customers, as being a person not with a 3 relationship with Monsanto who purchased it from 4 a direct customer. That's been my confusion 5 ongoing and I think sooner rather than later we 6 should try to correct this so I can avoid having 7 to go through a myriad of documents. 8 MR. WARNING: I'm not sure something 9 needs to be corrected, but I also don't want you 10 to go through a myriad of documents. 11 MR. LOHMAR: Maybe I could ask two or 12 three questions. You've seen a number of 13 documents where American Mineral Spirits 14 purchased Aroclor, shipped to NVF. Do you 15 recall those documents? 16 THE WITNESS: I do. 17 MR. LOHMAR: Those documents 18 indicated that NVF was actually the end user of 19 the product, did they not? 20 THE WITNESS: Yes. 2 1 MR. LOHMAR: In such a situation 22 would you consider NVF to be a customer of 23 Monsanto? 24 THE WITNESS: I think the confusion 25 lies in this use of the word "customer," normal TAYLOR & ASSOCIATES (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074387 2-26 1 customer among Monsanto's team members and the 2 use of the word "customer" as it applied to a 3 formal notification through the mails of some of 4 these notices and documents that we've 5 reviewed. Once an entity appeared on Monsanto's 6 documents as either a sold to or shipped to, 7 they were a known entity to Monsanto. The 8 minute that name appeared, it was picked up in 9 the records as a customer for notifying. Until 10 that name appeared on their record, Monsanto had 11 no idea what entities like Mineral Spirits was 12 selling and where that material was going. 13 MR. LOHMAR: In other words, if I can 14 clarify, if you had a situation where the 15 Aroclors were not only sold to Mineral Spirits 16 but also shipped to Mineral Spirits and they 17 later shipped it to somebody else, in that 18 situation, since you did not know who the end 19 user was they would not appear as a customer? 2 0 THE WITNESS: That's correct. 21 MR. LOHMAR: And in a dropped shipped 22 to NVF in Kennett Square, Pennsylvania, Monsanto 23 would consider NVF to be a customer for the 24 purpose of notification? 25 THE WITNESS: That's correct. TAYLOR & ASSOCIATES (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074388 2-27 1 MR. KLINE: Just one question. We 2 looked at a document the first day, it was 3 document 3 8. 4 MR. LOHMAR: Are you talking about a 5 Bates number? 6 MR. KLINE: Bates number, document 7 38. Off the record. 8 (Discussion off the record) 9 MR. KLINE: Back on record. Mr. 10 Papageorge, placing in front of you what was 11 previously marked as Exhibit 3, I would ask you 12 to take a look at the first page which is Bates 13 numbered NVF 38 and when you're done taking a 14 look let me know. 15 THE WITNESS: I have taken a look at 16 it. 17 MR. KLINE: Do you recall your 18 testimony from the first day concerning that 19 based upon the fact that NVF was the person or 2 0 entity that Monsanto shipped directly to that at 2 1 this point in time NVF would have made 22 Monsanto's customer list? 23 THE WITNESS: Yes. 24 MR. KLINE: Now, are you familiar 25 with Monsanto having NVF on its customer list on TAYLOR & ASSOCIATES (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074389 2-28 1 any date prior to that document from the 2 documents you've reviewed? 3 THE WITNESS: No. 4 MR. KLINE: No further questions. 5 Thanks for that interlude. 6 MR. WARNING: No problem. 7 (Safe handling information 8 marked as Exhibit No. 22 9 for identification.) 10 MR. WARNING: Off the record. 11 (Discussion off the record) 12 MR. WARNING: Back on the record. 13 Q. Mr. Papageorge, you've been handed by the court 14 reporter a group of documents identified as 15 Papageorge Exhibit No. 22. These are documents 16 bearing Bates numbers NVF 3561, 3566, NVF 3569, 17 NVF 3571, and 3573. If you would take a moment 18 to look at those, please? 19 A. I have scanned the documents. 20 Q. Have you seen those documents before, Mr. 2 1 Papageorge? 22 A. Yes, I have. 23 Q. Could you tell us what they are, please? 24 A. These are copies of toxicity and safe handling 25 information relating to Monsanto's Pydraul TAYLOR & ASSOCIATES (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074390 2-29 1 products and reflect the various revisions that 2 occurred from time to time. 3 Q. Do you know if those documents were produced in 4 the ordinary course of Monsanto's business? 5 A. They were. 6 Q. Do you know if those documents or copies of them 7 were kept in Monsanto's files? 8 A. They were. 9 Q. Would you be able to date any of those 10 documents? What I mean by date is can you tell 11 us when any of them were prepared? 12 A. The only one I could date is reflected on page 13 NVF 3574, the date April 15, 1960. 14 Q. Mr. Papageorge, do you know if anyone outside of 15 Monsanto would have received any of those 16 documents? 17 A. Yes, customers on Monsanto's list of those who 18 purchased Pydraul F-9, and they were also made 19 available to any potential customer who made 2 0 inquiries regarding the many Pydrauls discussed 21 in this exhibit. 22 Q. Mr. Papageorge, when a customer of Monsanto that 2 3 purchased Aroclor products then sold those 24 products to another entity, when Monsanto sold 25 its products to them and when it sent documents TAYLOR & ASSOCIATES (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074391 2-30 1 such as the ones in front of you, do you know if 2 those customers would forward those documents to 3 their customers? 4 MR. KLINE: Objection, overbroad. 5 You can answer. 6 A. I don't want to mislead here. We are looking at 7 Pydraul -8 Q. Right. 9 A. -- documents. Pydrauls were sold directly by 10 Monsanto. A distributor would not have been 11 involved. But if a distributor was involved 12 with other Monsanto products, he would be 13 supplied with similar documents and he was 14 encouraged and expected to pass that onto his 15 customers who were unknown to Monsanto. 16 Q. Monsanto encouraged the distributor to pass 17 those along; correct? 18 A. Yes, that's part of the arrangement. 19 Q. That's all I have with that exhibit. Thank 20 you. 2 1 (Discussion off the record) 22 (Group of documents 23 marked as Exhibit No. 23 24 for identification.) 25 Q. Mr. Papageorge, you've been handed a group of TAYLOR & ASSOCIATES (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074392 2-31 1 documents identified as Papageorge Exhibit No. 2 23. If you would please take a moment to look 3 at those. And these documents all begin with 4 Bates numbers NVF 3231, 3310, 3325, 3372, 3393, 5 3441, 3481, 3503, and 3511. Gerard, I believe 6 these are documents identified previously in my 7 letter last week. 8 A. I have scanned the documents in the exhibit. 9 Q. Mr. Papageorge, have you seen those documents 10 before? 11 A. Yes, I have. 12 Q. Could you tell us what they are, please? 13 A. This is a collection of brochures describing 14 Monsanto's hydraulic fluids sold under the trade 15 name Pydrauls and includes two pamphlets, the 16 one beginning with NVF 3503 and other beginning 17 with NVF 3511, which describe some thoughts that 18 Monsanto had regarding the conversion of 19 existing systems for the use of Monsanto's 20 Pydraul fluids. 2 1 Q. Mr. Papageorge, would you be able to put a date 22 on any of those documents as far as when they 2 3 were prepared? 24 A. I note that some of them do have a date, for 25 example, on the page NVF 3253, in the lower _________________ (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD000007439 2-32 1 right-hand corner there is a date, but it's not 2 very clear. And the date is part of a string of 3 letters and digits, it appears, although I'm not 4 certain. I see 1, 2, 6, 4 which would indicate 5 that December of '64, but that could be '54 6 also. It's not clear. On the page NVF 3313, 7 again the digits at the lower left-hand corner 8 are not clear, but it appears to be January of 9 some year represented by two digits that I 10 cannot read. On the page NVF 3408 I see the 11 date zero eight which would be August, '68, 12 which would be 1968. On the page NVF 3456 I 13 have a difficult time reading the date but it's 14 the first four digits in the lower right-hand 15 corner. It appears like June '69, but I'm not 16 certain. Page NVF 3510 lower left-hand corner 17 the digits are unreadable to me. I can find no 18 other references to dates. 19 Q. Mr. Papageorge, do you know if those documents 2 0 were prepared in the ordinary course of 2 1 Monsanto's business? 22 A. They were. 2 3 Q. And do you know if the originals or copies of 24 those documents were kept in Monsanto's files? 25 A. They were. ________________ (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074394 2-33 1 Q. Do you know if anyone outside of Monsanto would 2 have received copies of any of those documents 3 in that exhibit? 4 A. Yes. 5 Q. Who would have received them? 6 A. Customers of the Pydrauls purchased from 7 Monsanto who were on record as having been 8 Monsanto customers, and again, any potential 9 customers that might exhibit an interest in this 10 type of product. 11 Q. That's all I have for that exhibit. 12 (Group of documents 13 marked as Exhibit No. 24 14 for identification.) 15 Q. Mr. Papageorge, you've been handed several 16 documents that have been identified as 17 Papageorge Exhibit No. 24. These documents 18 contain Bates numbers NVF 3204 and 3217. If 19 you'll take a moment to look at those, please. 20 A. I have scanned the documents. 2 1 Q. Have you seen those documents before, Mr. 22 Papageorge? 23 A. Yes, I have. 24 Q. Could you tell us what they are, please? 25 A. They are copies of product technical bulletins TAYL0R & associates (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD000007439 2-34 1 of a Monsanto product describing the use of the 2 product Aroclor 1248 as a hydraulic fluid in die 3 casting systems. 4 Q. Do either of these two documents have dates? 5 A. Yes, they both have dates. In the upper 6 right-hand corner the document that starts with 7 NVF 3204 is dated March 28, 1949. The document 8 that starts with page NVF 3217 in the upper 9 right-hand corner has a date May 1, 1950. 10 Q. Mr. Papageorge, do you know if these documents 11 were prepared in the ordinary course of 12 Monsanto's business? 13 A. They were. 14 Q. Do you know if the originals or copies of them 15 were kept in Monsanto's files? 16 A. Yes, they were. 17 Q. Do you know if anyone outside of Monsanto would 18 have received copies of those documents? 19 A. Yes. 20 Q. Do you know who would have received copies of 2 1 those documents? 22 A. These particular documents would have been made 2 3 available to those who had die casting systems 24 and that Monsanto hoped would be interested in 25 this particular product for use in that system. TAYLOR & ASSOCIATES (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074396 2-35 1 Q. That's all I have with that exhibit. 2 MR. WARNING: Off the record a 3 moment. 4 (Discussion off the record) 5 (Sales summary 6 marked as Exhibit No. 25 7 for identification.) 8 Q. Mr. Papageorge, I'm handing you several 9 documents that have been identified as 10 Papageorge Exhibit No. 25. If you would take a 11 moment to look at those, please? 12 (Brief recess.) 13 A. I have reviewed the exhibit. 14 Q. Have you seen these documents before in Exhibit 15 No. 25, Mr. Papageorge? 16 A. Yes, I have. 17 Q. Could you tell us what they are, please? 18 A. These represent four different summaries, sales 19 summaries in which an attempt is made to review 20 the sales to NVF at different locations going 2 1 back to the 1950s. 22 Q. For the record, the Bates numbers for these 23 documents are NVF 1318, and 21. Mr. Papageorge, 24 do you know if these documents were produced in 25 the ordinary course of Monsanto's business? _______________ (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074397 2-36 1 A. Yes. 2 Q. Do you know if the originals or copies of them 3 were kept in Monsanto's files? 4 A. Yes. 5 Q. Do you know how these documents were put 6 together? 7 A. I have problems with the how part. You mean 8 physically handled or -9 Q. I'll try to be more specific. Do you know if a 10 certain department or division within Monsanto 11 compiled these records? 12 A. The attachments to each of the three separate 13 summaries for four separate summaries are 14 maintained by Monsanto, or were maintained by 15 Monsanto's marketing department. I do not know 16 who prepared the cover sheet and attempts to 17 summarize the different periods of time. 18 MR. KLINE: Off the record. 19 (Discussion off the record) 20 Q. Mr. Papageorge, would you look at page NVF 2, 21 please? 22 A. What was that number again? 23 Q. Two? 24 A. I have it. 25 Q. Do you see near the upper right-hand corner TAYLOR & ASSOCIATES (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074398 2-37 1 there is a date December, 1965? 2 A. I do. 3 Q. Do you know if that was when this document was 4 prepared? 5 A. No. I know it was not prepared in December. It 6 includes information through December '65 which 7 implies preparation in early '66. 8 Q. Would this document have been prepared within a 9 year after December, 1965, if you know? 10 A. Yes, definitely. 11 Q. Mr. Papageorge, because this document includes 12 reference to NVF company in 1965, having been 13 prepared as you just testified in 1966, does 14 that mean NVF company would have been on the 15 customer list you have referred to previously in 16 your deposition in 1966? 17 A. In 1966, yes, but you may remember we discussed 18 the three-year period plus any other key 19 customers added to that three years, so the 20 existence on a list will change with time. 21 Q. Would you explain what you mean by the existence 22 on the list will change with time? 23 A. I'm referring to a working copy of a customer 24 list in Monsanto personnel's files, it would 25 reflect those customers that were three years TAYLOR & ASSOCIATES (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074399 2-38 1 plus some additionals which may cover a three to 2 six-year period. If the customer had not 3 purchased anything for 10 years, the customer's 4 name would drop from that list. 5 Q. So the fact that Monsanto -- strike that -- NVF 6 appeared on a sales summary prepared sometime in 7 the year 1966, what does that tell you about 8 NVF7s appearing on the customer list? 9 MR. DAVIDSON: Let me ask you to 10 clarify something. Earlier today you asked him 11 about some safety and handling sheets dating 12 back to '64, '66. You and he discussed to whom 13 those might have been mailed. In the previous 14 session of the deposition we talked specifically 15 about Aroclor warning letters and the lists that 16 were prepared and administered under Mr. 17 Papageorge's direction. I think you need to 18 distinguish exactly what list you're talking 19 about. 2 0 Q. Mr. Papageorge, the list of -- strike that. The 2 1 sales summary in NVF document No. 2 which was 22 prepared sometime during the year 1966, was 23 there a list that the company appearing on 24 document NVF 2, which is NVF, is there a list 25 that that company would have been put on by TAYLOR & ASSOCIATES (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074400 2-39 1 virtue of being on this document? 2 A. At that time or when? 3 Q. At any time? 4 A. At any time. The customer of record list would 5 include this reference in 1966 once it was 6 picked up as a customer, and it would stay on 7 that list for at least three years. If someone 8 in the marketing organization perceived this as 9 a key customer, a very valuable contact, he 10 would maintain his own list out in his office in 11 the field, the name of that entity. 12 Q. This customer list you are referring to, was 13 that the same list that was used for the warning 14 letters that we discussed on July 30? 15 A. It was certainly a basis for pulling together 16 the thousands that were sent this warning letter 17 in early 1970, yes, that was a key source of 18 information. 19 Q. Mr. Papageorge, if you would look at document 20 NVF 9, please? 2 1 A. I have it. 22 Q. Do you see up in the right-hand corner a date 23 D-E-C, 1962? 24 A. I do. 25 Q. Do you know when this document would have been TAYLOR & ASSOCIATES (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074401 2-40 1 prepared? 2 A. Early 1963. 3 Q. Do you see near the middle of that document 4 reference to N-A-T-L vulcanized F-I-B-R? 5 A. Ido. 6 Q. Because that entity appears on this document, 7 does that mean that this document would have 8 been used to create or update a customer list 9 which would have included that entity? 10 A. I'm getting confused because I don't think I'm 11 explaining it clearly. In 1962, as an example, 12 a record of customers would have included 13 National Vulcanized F-I-B-R that we talked about 14 earlier, and it would have stayed on that list, 15 of course it's in '63 when this was documented, 16 it would have stayed on the list in '64 and '65, 17 maybe '66. And if no further sales were 18 recorded, very likely the name of that customer 19 would be dropped from the list and therefore it 2 0 would not have shown up in the 1970 mailing. 2 1 Q. Mr. Papageorge, would you look at NVF 4, please? 22 A. Yes, I have it. 2 3 Q. Do you see in the upper right-hand corner a date 24 D-E-C '59? 2 5 A. I do. TAYLOR & ASSOCIATES (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074402 2-41 1 Q. Do you know when this document would have been 2 prepared? 3 A. Early 1960. 4 Q. Do you see near the middle N-A-T-L Vulcanized 5 F-I-B-R? 6 A. I do. 7 Q. Again, because that entity appears on this 8 document, would that mean that they would appear 9 as of this date the date I'm referring to being 10 early 1960, they would appear on a customer 11 list? 12 A. Yes. 13 Q. That's all I have with that exhibit. Thank 14 you . 15 MR. WARNING: Off the record. 16 (Discussion off the record) 17 Q. Mr. Papageorge, would you take a look back on 18 Papageorge Exhibit No. 25, please, document NVF 19 2 1? 2 0 A. I have it. 2 1 Q. Do you see on that document an entry which 22 states 1958 dash 1970? 2 3 A . I do. 24 Q. Do you see where it says, no sales found for 25 these years? _______________ (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER 2-42 1 A. Yes. 2 Q. Am I correct in saying that this document 3 represents a sales summary for NVF Company, 4 Kennett Square, Pennsylvania? 5 A. It does. 6 (Shipping report 7 marked as Exhibit No. 26 8 for identification.) 9 Q. Mr. Papageorge, you've just been handed a 10 document that has been identified as Papageorge 11 Exhibit No. 26 and contains Bates number NVF 12 112. Would you take a moment to look at that? 13 A. I have reviewed it. 14 Q. Have you seen this document before, Mr. 15 Papageorge? 16 A. Yes. 17 Q. Could you tell us what it is, please? 18 A. This is a Monsanto document used within Monsanto 19 to prepare a shipment of product to a customer. 20 Q. Do you see near the middle of that document a 2 1 box that says, shipped to? 22 A. Yes. 23 Q. And says, NVF Company? 24 A. Yes. 25 Q. Does this document indicate that 32,400 pounds TAYLOR & ASSOCIATES (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074404 2-43 1 of Aroclor 1254 was shipped to NVF Company on 2 August 13, 1970? 3 A. It does, uh-huh. 4 Q. And if you go back to NVF 21 - 5 A. I have it. 6 Q. -- that you just looked at, the item 1958 7 through 1970 where it says no sales found for 8 these years? 9 A. Right; I see that. 10 Q. The fact that NVF received 32,400 pounds of 11 Aroclor 1254 which was shipped to them August 12 13, 1970, but it does not appear on NVF 21, is 13 that due to the fact that American Mineral 14 Spirits Company was the customer for the 15 transaction of August 13, 1970? 16 A. I'm under an impression it would have been 17 picked up for the shipped to location. Not 18 knowing how this document, NVF 21, was put 19 together, I don't know why it wasn't included as 2 0 a shipment to the Kennett Square location. I 2 1 just can't help you on that. I don't know. 22 Q. That's all I have with that. Mr. Papageorge, do 2 3 you know if one form of Aroclor such as Aroclor 24 1254 when exposed to the environment can break 25 down to another form of Aroclor such as Aroclor _______________ (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074405 2-44 1 1248? 2 A. I'm only aware of the situation where the 3 original Aroclor is modified by the environment 4 whether it be by the chemicals or bacteria, 5 whatever agent causes that change, the only 6 change that I have been able to learn about and 7 get familiar with is the change where the 8 Aroclor goes up in Aroclor number. In other 9 words, it will contain the higher chlorinated 10 types of PCBs which are the more difficult to 11 change, so your example of Aroclor 1254 going 12 down to Aroclor 1248, I have no evidence that 13 this happens. It's never been found. 14 Q. Mr. Papageorge, those are all the questions I 15 have. Thank you very much. 16 A. Thank you. 17 MR. WARNING: Off the record. 18 (Discussion off the record) 19 20 EXAMINATION 2 1 QUESTIONS BY MR. LOHMAR: 22 Q. My name is Doug Lohmar, and I also represent one 2 3 of the insurance companies who for some 24 unfathomable reason NVF is suing in the state of 25 New Jersey. I have a number of questions. As TAYL0R & ASSOCIATES (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074406 2-45 1 you know, I've been sitting here about a day and 2 a half and I want to get a clearer understanding 3 of some of the things you've testified. You've 4 testified to the customer list and the 5 maintenance of a customer list. There was a 6 separate customer list for each product that 7 Monsanto sold, was there not? 8 A. Yes. 9 Q. So you would have a customer list, for example, 10 for Aroclor 1248 and a separate list for Aroclor 11 12 54? 12 A. Yes. 13 Q. And bulletins sent to people who purchased 1248 14 may not be sent to people who purchased 1254? 15 A. It depends on the type bulletin. 16 Q. A bulletin specific to Aroclor 1248 would be 17 sent to the customers of 1248? 18 A. Correct. 19 Q. You also mentioned that on a periodic basis 2 0 Monsanto would purge its customer list; correct? 2 1 A. Do what, sir? 2 2 Q. Would purge the customer list? 2 3 A. Yes. 24 Q. Of people who had not bought the product for a 2 5 certain period of time? ______________ (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074407 2-46 1 A. Yes. 2 Q. Was that something that was automatically done? 3 A. Yes, sir. The procedure was such that those 4 responsible for preparing the list were given 5 guidelines in terms of customers to keep on the 6 list and the period of time on which they would 7 base their judgment call as to whether or not to 8 keep that customer or drop it because it became 9 an unimportant piece of information. 10 Q. Are these guidelines still available? 11 A. I don't know. 12 Q. When was the last time you saw these guidelines? 13 A. About 1975 or so. 14 Q. So you haven't seen them for the last 20 some 15 years? 16 A. That is true. 17 Q. I would like to show you a document here. 18 Brett, I gave you copy of it. Maybe you can 19 show your copy. I'm going to ask the court 2 0 reporter to mark this document as Papageorge 2 1 27. It looks like a four-page letter from Mr. 22 John H. Craddock to Dr. William Lair dated June 2 3 16, 1986. And if you could take a moment to 24 look at that document, I would appreciate it. 25 This document is Bates stamped 10029 through TAYLOR & ASSOCIATES (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD000007440 2-47 1 31. 2 (Letter dated 6/16/86 3 marked as Exhibit No. 27 4 for identification.) 5 MR. KLINE: I would like to note for 6 the record and for the witness' benefit that the 7 handwriting on pages of this document is not 8 Monsanto handwriting. 9 MR. LOHMAR: We don't know that. We 10 have one witness who testified it's his; that's 11 true. 12 MR. KLINE: That witness is not with 13 Monsanto. 14 A. I have reviewed the exhibit. 15 Q. Sir, have you seen the first page of this 16 document before today? 17 A. No, I haven't. 18 Q. Are you familiar with a John H. Craddock? 19 A. Yes. 2 0 Q. How are you familiar with Dr. Craddock? 21 A. Well, he reported to me at one time as one of 22 the team. He's involved in environmental 23 matters at Monsanto. 24 Q. So Dr. Craddock would have had the position of 2 5 product and environmental safety director of TAYL0R & associates (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD000007440 2-48 1 Monsanto in the Environmental Safety and Health 2 Staff on or about June of '86? . 3 A. Correct. 4 Q. And you were familiar with him because he was a 5 fellow employee at that time? 6 A. Yes, at that time he was reporting to me in 7 1986 . 8 Q. In this cover letter, sir, Dr. Craddock states, 9 and I quote, "Sales records of this duration are 10 not usually maintained as a routine course; 11 therefore, I am not sure of their 12 completeness." Do you see that sentence? 13 A. I do. 14 Q. Do you agree with Dr. Craddock's representation 15 regarding the completeness of sales records from 16 the period of 1954 through 1977? 17 A. That' s true. 18 Q. So the records that have been produced by 19 Monsanto here are simply the documents available 2 0 to Monsanto for that period of time? 2 1 A. Correct. 22 Q. And since sales records were not maintained as a 2 3 routine course, the completeness of the 24 information provided regarding shipments 25 Monsanto made to NVF is unknown? TAYLOR & ASSOCIATES (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074410 2-49 1 A. Yes, but you'll note that it says sales records 2 of this duration are not routinely or not 3 usually maintained. 4 Q. Based on what you just said, what is your 5 understanding of the term "this duration"? 6 A. Especially the early years, the 1950s, the 7 system was not as efficient, let me call it, as 8 it was in the '70s. 9 Q. But we've already seen your -- here's one 10 shipment of 32,400 pounds made in 1970 that for 11 some reason was not included in the sales 12 summary? 13 A. At least on this one I have. It may appear on 14 another summary. 15 Q. And you've seen exhibit -- as one of the 16 deposition exhibits, summaries that Monsanto has 17 provided to us from its record, have you not? 18 A. That's true. 19 Q. And the August 13, 1970, shipment was not on 2 0 those summaries; correct? 2 1 A. Not under NVF, correct. 22 Q. Is there some way to trace, sir, where on the 23 sales summary the shipment identified on NVF 24 000112 would be recorded? 2 5 A. 00112? TAYLOR & ASSOCIATES (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074411 2-50 1 Q. Right. 2 A. That's this one? 3 Q. In other words, is there something on this 4 document which would tell us where in Monsanto's 5 sales summary records this shipment would be 6 recorded? 7 A . If it didn't appear on the NVF summary, I would 8 go back on the system and look it up under 9 American Mineral Spirits. 10 Q. That's because American Mineral Spirits is the 11 sold to; correct? 12 A. Correct. 13 Q. Sir, I'm going to hand you -- will you take a 14 look at the Exhibit No. 25, I believe, there are 15 NVF, the Monsanto sales summaries to NVF? 16 A. Uh-huh. 17 Q. I note, for example, sir, on the document that 18 is Bates stamped number NVF 000004? 19 A. I have it. 20 Q. Do you see the code that appears in the far 2 1 left-hand column in the computerized printout in 2 2 the bottom half of the Page 515447? 23 A. I see the 51544 something; is that a T or a 24 seven? I don't know. It's some handwritten - 25 Q. Is it handwritten on your copy, sir? TAYLOR & ASSOCIATES (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD000007441 2-51 1 A. I'm sorry, it's a seven. It's blurred. It is a 2 seven. 3 Q. Does that number have some significance to you? 4 A. It did at one time. It refers to that customer, 5 but that's all I recall. 6 Q. Sir, today we've talked about a number of 7 various salespeople? 8 MR. DAVIDSON: Are you finished with 9 those? 10 MR. LOHMAR: I believe so, yes. 11 Thank you, sir. 12 Q. I do have one other question going back to the 13 letter of Dr. Craddock. 14 A. I have it. 15 Q. In the final sentence of the second to last 16 paragraph, Dr. Craddock states, quote, "A void 17 does not necessarily mean no sales occurred, it 18 only means no records are still available." Do 19 you see that? 2 0 A. Yes. 2 1 Q. Do you agree with Dr. Craddock's statement 22 there? 2 3 A. Yes. 24 Q. So when Dr. Craddock in the attachments 25 represents no sales found for these years, he TAYLOR & ASSOCIATES (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074413 2-52 1 means Monsanto simply had no records for these 2 sales? 3 A. That is true. 4 Q. Or at least had no records it could find? 5 A. That's correct. 6 Q. He didn't mean to represent that no sales had 7 actually taken place? 8 A. That is correct. 9 Q. Thank you, sir. Sir, is there any way to 10 determine when a specific customer would be 11 dropped from a specific customer list? 12 A. A way to determine it? 13 Q. Let me make it a little easier for you. Did 14 Monsanto maintain records, let's say periodic 15 records of who would be on the list for a 16 certain calendar year? 17 A. They would prepare lists on a periodic basis and 18 that period depended on the opinion of the 19 individual in Monsanto assigned that particular 20 product, and his knowledge of the activity in 2 1 that kind of product sales would help him 22 determine that a new list was in order or the 2 3 old list is still a good list. So there was no 24 set ground rule that says on such a day of the 25 year you must correct your list. And therefore TAYLOR & ASSOCIATES (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074414 2-53 1 the lists would vary from annually reviewing to 2 maybe a five-year period or ten-year period. It 3 depended on the type of product. 4 Q. Did Monsanto keep copies of each list that it 5 had for each product for each period of time 6 that list was used? 7 A. Monsanto as part of their record keeping program 8 kept those for periods of time that I don't 9 remember anymore. They were not kept forever. 10 Q. Do you know how many of these lists currently 11 exist today? 12 A. No, I don't. 13 Q. Sir, earlier you testified that Mr. CP Farley 14 was at one time an employee of Monsanto; 15 correct? 16 A. Correct. 17 Q. Do you know if Mr. Farley is still alive today? 18 A. Yes, he is. 19 Q. Do you know where he lives? 20 A. In the St. Louis area as close as I could come. 21 Q. Do you know if he's still an employee of 22 Monsanto? 2 3 A. No, he's retired. 24 Q. You also testified Mr. Clark was Mr. Farley's 25 immediate supervisor at one time? TAYLOR & ASSOCIATES (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074415 2-54 1 A. Yes. 2 Q. Do you know if Mr. Clark is still alive today? 3 A. I don't know. 4 Q. Do you know where he lived at the time he was an 5 employee at Monsanto? 6 A. Mr. Clark, in the St. Louis area. 7 Q. Do you know Mr. Clark's first name? 8 A. Willis, W-I-L-L-I-S. 9 Q. Do you happen to know his middle initial? 10 A. No, I don't. 11 Q. You also mentioned a John M. Van Gunder was at 12 one time an employee or salesperson for 13 Monsanto? 14 A. Yes. 15 MR. WARNING: I believe it was Van 16 Gelder. 17 MR. LOHMAR: Thank you. 18 Q. Do you know if Mr. Van Gelder is still alive 19 today? 2 0 A. I do not know. 2 1 Q. Do you know where he lived at the time he was 22 working for Monsanto? 2 3 A. Mr. Van Gelder had many different assignments 24 throughout the country, so his address kept 25 changing. I just don't really know exactly TAYLOR & ASSOCIATES (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074416 2-55 1 where he lived. 2 Q. When he was working as a marketing rep servicing 3 a client in southeastern Pennsylvania, I will 4 tell you it's southeastern Pennsylvania, do you 5 know where he was working out of at that time? 6 A. Wilmington, Delaware. 7 Q. Did NVF -- strike that. Did Monsanto at the 8 time have an office in Wilmington, Delaware? 9 A. Yes. 10 Q. Was that a sales office? 11 A. It was a district sales office. 12 Q. Do you know if it still has such a district 13 sales office? 14 A. No, I don't. 15 Q. Do you know the address of that district sales 16 office? 17 A. You might find it in some of these bulletins, in 18 the back page. 19 Q. You also mentioned a Mr. JH Orem who was at one 20 time -- you also mentioned Mr. Orem who was an 2 1 employee of Monsanto? 22 A. Yes. 2 3 Q. Do you know if Mr. Orem is still alive today? 24 A. I do not. 25 Q. Do you know his first name? TAYLOR & ASSOCIATES (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074417 2-56 1 A . I don't remember it. 2 Q. At the time Mr. Orem was working for Monsanto 3 did he also work out of the St. Louis office? 4 A. He did at one time, but he was also out in the 5 district offices. I don't know the timing, 6 however. 7 Q. Sir, we spent a lot of time talking about the 8 Monsanto product known as Pydraul. Did Pydraul 9 contain any Aroclor products? 10 A. At one time, yes. 11 Q. What time was that, sir? 12 A. What time -- from the middle '50s to about 1971 13 or 2 . 14 Q. Do you know what type of Aroclor Pydraul 15 contained? 16 A. It depended on the Pydraul; sometimes it was 17 Aroclor 1242, sometimes Aroclor 1248. 18 Q. Would it help if I told you it was Pydraul F-9? 19 A. Not very much. I would have to review the 20 recipe for all of these to determine which 21 ingredients were mixed together to make the 2 2 final product. 2 3 Q. When NVF -- strike that. When Monsanto would 24 have technical bulletins dealing with - 25 MR. DAVIDSON: Could we go off the TAYLOR & ASSOCIATES (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD000007441 2-57 1 record? 2 (Discussion off the record) 3 MR. LOHMAR: Back on the record. 4 Q. Sir, since Pydraul contained certain Aroclors, 5 would customers who ordered Pydraul receive the 6 technical bulletins related to those Aroclors? 7 MR. KLINE: Objection, receive from 8 whom? 9 MR. LOHMAR: Receive from Monsanto. 10 Let me rephrase the question to satisfy Mr. 11 Kline. 12 Q. Since certain Pydrauls contained certain 13 Aroclors, would the Monsanto customers of those 14 Pydrauls receive the technical bulletins from 15 Monsanto that related to those Aroclors? 16 A. Not likely. 17 Q. Why is that, sir? 18 A. The bulletins and brochures prepared for the 19 Pydrauls attempted to address the very issues 2 0 that the Aroclor bulletins addressed regarding 2 1 handling and exposure and the like. I don't 22 know at any time whether many customers were 2 3 even aware of which of the Aroclors were present 24 in the Pydraul. They were just told this is a 25 complex mixture, handle it this way. So the TAYL0R & associates (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD000007441 2-58 1 brochures for Aroclors very unlikely did not go 2 to the Pydraul customers. 3 Q. Thank you, sir. Sir, Mr. Warning asked you 4 questions about whether the Aroclor over time 5 could change in the environment from one 6 numbered Aroclor to another numbered Aroclor. 7 Do you know of any circumstances where a certain 8 Aroclor, say Aroclor 1248, would degrade into 9 some other substance in the environment? 10 MR. KLINE: Objection, vague; are you 11 asking him some other non PCB substance? 12 MR. LOHMAR: My question stands. 13 A. When you use the word "degrade," I have a little 14 trouble because each of us may have a different 15 definition of degrading. I would suggest in my 16 mind it refers to is there a chemical change 17 that takes place. 18 Q. Let me make it a little more specific. Do you 19 know of a certain situation where a certain 20 Aroclor would change its chemical composition at 2 1 any time due to the exposure to the environment? 22 A. There is evidence that that does happen and what 23 does happen varies with the conditions to which 24 this Aroclor was exposed. 25 Q. Excluding the testimony you've already given TAYLOR & ASSOCIATES (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD000007442' 2-59 1 where a certain Aroclor would increase the 2 amount of chlorine and actually rise in number 3 from let's say Aroclor 1248 to a higher number, 4 do you know of any other circumstance where 5 Aroclor due to exposure to the environment would 6 change its chemical composition? 7 A. When you excluded that other example, you left 8 out the resulting products that did appear. 9 Q. Do you know what kinds of resulting products 10 those would be? 11 A. Those products, to my knowledge, have never been 12 identified. When the sample of Aroclor is put 13 through an analytical system, it doesn't pick up 14 these new chemicals that were generated. It 15 just picks up a fingerprint of an Aroclor. 16 Q. Sir, I believe you testified on the first day 17 that Aroclor 1254 was not commonly used as a 18 heat transfer system; do you remember that? 19 A. I do. 20 Q. What was the more common use of Aroclor 1254? 2 1 A. Aroclor 1254 was, I suppose when you say the 22 most common use, it was an ingredient in 2 3 electrical equipment fluids. 24 Q. When you say electrical equipment fluids are you 25 talking about transformers? TAYLOR & ASSOCIATES (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074421 2-60 1 A. Primarily transformers, but also some electric 2 switch gear. 3 Q. Would there be any reason for an industrial user 4 to want to combine two different kinds of 5 Aroclors together? 6 A. Yes, in fact I'm trying to recall, I believe we, 7 Monsanto, sold some of those blends and the 8 intent was to try to get a certain property they 9 were looking for such as fluidity, too viscous, 10 is it too thin, we want something in between 11 that sort of property, so at times this was 12 done . 13 Q. Do you know if end users would actually buy two 14 kinds of Aroclors and blend them themselves to 15 obtain a certain result? 16 A. That was possible. I would never know what they 17 did once the material arrived at their plant 18 gate . 19 Q. Through your communications with various 2 0 customers of Monsanto, do you recall any of them 2 1 telling you that they actually blended two kinds 22 of Aroclors together to reach a certain 2 3 viscosity or attain a certain pressure or 24 temperature or any other purpose? 25 A. Not to me personally, I don't recall any such TAYLOR & ASSOCIATES (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074422 2-61 1 discussion. 2 Q. Are you familiar with the term 3 "bioaccumulation"? 4 A. Yes. 5 Q. Are you familiar -- are you familiar with that 6 term? 7 A. I can give you an example where, let's take PCBs 8 as an example, entered the environment and 9 they're present in concentrations that are 10 extremely dilute, takes sophisticated 11 instruments to detect. There are creatures out 12 there in that environment that consume some of 13 these PCBs; it builds up in their systems. 14 These creatures in turn are eaten by bigger 15 creatures in an aquatic environment, for 16 example, you end up with the biggest fish in the 17 river having a lot more PCBs in its tissue than 18 what appears in the water itself. And it builds 19 up because of this bioaccumulation phenomenon. 20 Q. When did Monsanto first learn that PCBs, for 2 1 example, would bioaccumulate in aquatic life, 22 fishes? 2 3 A. As best I can remember it was late 1970, early 24 '71. 25 Q. About the same time that Monsanto realized there TAYLOR & ASSOCIATES (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074423 2-62 1 was the environmental hazard associated with 2 PCBs? 3 A. When you use the word "hazard," I don't know 4 that it had been established yet. Presence, 5 yes, it was out there and it was present in 6 higher quantities in some samples than others, 7 this kind of thing, but the hazard, I don't know 8 that in 1970, '71 it was established that in 9 truth it was a hazard. 10 MR. WARNING: You just a moment ago 11 said late 1970s or early '71. Did you mean late 12 1960s or early '71 when you identified the time 13 period? 14 THE WITNESS: I thought we were 15 talking about bioaccumulation. 16 Q. (By Mr. Lohmar) Wasn't it your testimony that 17 Monsanto realized about the bioaccumulation in 18 approximately late 1970 or early 1971? 19 A. The bioaccumulation, yes, not presence. 2 0 MR. WARNING: Thank you. 2 1 Q. Sir, by 1970 wasn't Monsanto alerting its 2 2 customers of the potential environmental 2 3 problems associated with PCBs? 24 A. Correct. 25 MR. KLINE: Are you saying before TAYLOR & ASSOCIATES (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074424 2-63 1 1970? 2 MR. LOHMAR: The question speaks for 3 itself, sir. 4 MR. KLINE: I object as vague. 5 Q. (By Mr. Lohmar) When you say -- I want to make 6 sure we're not dealing with environmental 7 semantics. We've talked about PCB presence, PCB 8 hazard, PCB problems. Let's make it June 1, 9 1970, Monsanto was alerting certain of its 10 customers there were potential environmental 11 problems with PCBs; correct? 12 A. Correct. 13 Q. What was the problem that Monsanto saw with PCBs 14 in the environment at that time? 15 A. It's the presence of an environmental -- sorry. 16 It's the presence in the environment of an 17 industrial chemical that in Monsanto's opinion 18 should not exist in those samples that were 19 reported as containing this chemical, PCBs, and 2 0 I think I referred earlier to the presence in 2 1 fish out of nonindustrial waters, the presence 22 in pine needles up in Sweden, those were 23 disturbing to Monsanto. They could not explain 24 that presence based on their knowledge of the 2 5 material at the time and where it was used. ______________ (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074425 2-64 1 Q. Sir, I want to show you a document that has been 2 marked Bates numbered NVF 00111 and I apologize 3 if you've seen it before. I'll have it marked 4 as Papageorge 28. I think it was earlier marked 5 in a group exhibit. 6 (Addressee list 7 marked as Exhibit No. 28 8 for identification.) 9 Q. Sir, do you recognize that document? 10 A. Yes, I do. 11 Q. What is that document, sir? 12 A. This is a redacted copy of an addressee list of 13 a mailing that took place in late '71. 14 Q. Do you know what mailing that document refers 15 to? 16 A. Not offhand. I would have to see other 17 supporting documents. 18 Q. . I notice, sir, that the mailing seems to have a 19 handwritten date for date mailed of October 30, 20 1971. Do you see that, sir? Is that how you 2 1 read it, the date? Maybe you read a different 22 one? 2 3 A. That could be a zero for October or a 2 for 24 December. It's late '71 is the way I interpret 25 that. TAYL0R & ASSOCIATES (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074426 2-65 1 Q. Obviously a double digit month? 2 A. Correct. 3 Q. Sir, would the letter that that mailing refers 4 to be also dated that date? 5 A. On or about. It might be a little earlier. 6 Q. Sir, you've seen a document today and again it's 7 NVF 000112 - 8 MR. DAVIDSON: Exhibit 26. 9 MR. LOHMAR: Let the record reflect 10 the witness and I are both referring to Exhibit .11 2 6 12 Q. When this shipment went out on August 13, 1970, 13 what literature would also be sent to NVF at 14 that time? 15 MR. KLINE: Objection; withdraw the 16 obj ection. 17 A. The literature, there would be a bill of lading. 18 Q. Let me be a little more specific, sir. You 19 testified earlier that the technical bulletins, 20 for example, would be sent to various customers 2 1 at various times; correct? 22 A. Correct. 23 Q. Assuming NVF for some reason was not on a 24 customer list before August 13, 1970, for this 25 particular product, what information would NVF TAYLOR & ASSOCIATES (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074427 2-66 1 send to -- what information would Monsanto send 2 to NVF now that NVF has purchased this product? 3 A. I don't know what transpired. I don't know if 4 someone in Monsanto's organization contacted 5 American Mineral Spirits or while they were 6 talking to American Mineral Spirits to make this 7 shipment what discussion was held about is this 8 a new customer, does he have the literature, 9 should we send it to him or will you send it, so 10 I don't have enough information to know what was 11 sent along with this shipment regarding 12 literature. It all depends on what the 13 individuals involved understood, NVF's 14 familiarity with this material. 15 Q. Well, assuming, that NVF was not familiar with 16 this material, what literature would be sent at 17 that time? 18 MR. KLINE: Objection, calls for 19 speculation. 20 A. For the particular material and the 2 1 understanding of its use which could vary with 22 each individual, the very -- it's highly likely 23 that the pamphlet or brochure they would have 24 received is the one in which the Aroclor 25 plasticizers are described which is the brochure TAYLOR & ASSOCIATES (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074428 2-67 1 that covers all those applications and the 2 physical properties and the handling 3 information. 4 Q. Let me see if I can be a little more specific. 5 Would the technical bulletin that was being used 6 for Aroclor 1254 have been shipped to NVF on or 7 about August 13, 1970, if Monsanto's records 8 indicated that it had not been sent before? 9 A. Not necessarily. 10 Q. Why not, sir? 11 A. Like I tried to indicate earlier, it depended on 12 the communications received from American 13 Mineral Spirits because the American Mineral 14 Spirits Company was in a position to supply that 15 information to its customer, NVF Company, long 16 before they placed this order with Monsanto. 17 Q. But Monsanto would have somehow checked, would 18 it not? 19 MR. KLINE: Objection, leading. 20 MR. LOHMAR: Excuse me, it's not my 2 1 witness. 22 Q. Monsanto would have checked to insure that 23 somehow the technical bulletin for this product 24 would have been sent to NVF? 25 A. That is the normal procedure for these kinds of ________________ (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074429 2-68 1 arrangements. 2 Q. We've also seen a number of advisory letters 3 that were sent to various Monsanto customers 4 advising them of potential environmental hazard 5 associated with certain Aroclors. Do you 6 remember seeing those during your first day of 7 testimony? 8 A. I do. 9 Q. Would it have been Monsanto's standard practice 10 to also insure those letters would have been 11 sent to NVF on or about or before August 13, 12 197 0? 13 MR. KLINE: Before you answer the 14 question, I object. 15 MR. LOHMAR: The objection is noted. 16 MR. KLINE: I want to state the basis 17 of the objection. It's overbroad. I'm going to 18 -- you're asking him to testify as to 19 Monsanto's practice -- 20 MR. LOHMAR: What is your objection? 21 MR. KLINE: It's an unfair question. 22 MR. LOHMAR: Now you can answer the 23 question. 24 I've forgotten the question. 25 MR. LOHMAR: I'm not going to have TAYLOR & ASSOCIATES (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074430 2-69 1 you lead the witness through your objection. 2 MR. KLINE: You haven't identified 3 the subject matter of the question. You've 4 referred to a lot of notices. 5 MR. LOHMAR: I've forgotten the 6 question. Would you read it back? 7 Q. NVF 00112 indicates a shipment of Aroclor being 8 made August 13, 1970, does it not? 9 A . It does. 10 Q. Was it Monsanto's practice at that time to send 11 the various letters that you've testified about 12 to the ship to addresses for Aroclor shipments 13 that were made in 1970? 14 MR. KLINE: Dated prior to this 15 date? 16 MR. LOHMAR: My question stands. 17 MR. KLINE: The question is 18 completely ambiguous. 19 MR. LOHMAR: Let me make it clear. 20 Q. We have seen various letters dated in May of 2 1 1970 and if you want me to, I can walk you 22 through those letters. 2 3 A. Early part of 1970. 24 Q. Let's make it easier for you, sir. This 25 shipment was on August 13, 1970, was it not? TAYL0R & ASSOCIATES (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074431 2-70 1 A. Correct. 2 Q. Had Monsanto advised its customers of the 3 environmental problems associated with Aroclor 4 1254 prior to August 13, 1970, would it also 5 have so advised a customer who purchased Aroclor 6 1254 on August 13, 1970? 7 A. If Monsanto was in a position of understanding 8 that this customer had not been advised, that 9 would have been done. If, however, the entity 10 American Mineral Spirits that placed the order 11 and was in a position to share that very data 12 and instructed to do so, if they had already 13 done that, Monsanto would not have repeated 14 that. 15 Q. So the only time Monsanto would not have sent it 16 is if they had some type of assurance that NVF 17 had already received the information? 18 A. Correct. 19 Q. Sir, we've seen a number of letters that do not 2 0 appear to have an addressee indicated on the 21 letters. Do you remember those from your first 22 day of testimony? 23 A. Yes. 24 Q. Why was it that Monsanto's letters would contain 25 a copy of the letter that did not have the TAYLOR & ASSOCIATES (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074432 2-71 1 specific addressee on it? 2 A. The decision, sir, was made to keep a copy of 3 the letter without the addressees in the event 4 someone had to refer to it, but the addressees 5 were documented on the page that was typed with 6 these adhesive labels. And it was actually a 7 double typing, one to place this adhesive label 8 as the addressee and the other to put on the 9 envelope. And those typed adhesive backed 10 labels were photographed as the list of 11 customers that were -- that received the 12 mailing. That copy of the addressees was placed 13 with the unaddressed copy of the letter and that 14 was the file for that particular mailing. 15 Otherwise it would have resulted in thousands of 16 letters, much more difficult to retrieve and 17 store and so on. 18 Q. Sir, are you familiar with the term "friction 19 losses"? 20 A. Friction losses, I'm familiar with it but not in 21 depth. 22 MR. LOHMAR: Brett, would you see if 2 3 you can find this particular document, Bates 24 number 1758? If you could also find 1719. I'm 25 going to be asking you to explain the charts in TAYLOR & ASSOCIATES (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074433 2-72 1 1785 . 2 MR. WARNING: Both those documents 3 were within Exhibit 15 which I have. 4 MR. LOHMAR: All right. Why don't 5 you find this one previously marked? 6 MR. WARNING: Did you say 1719? 7 MR. LOHMAR: Yes. 8 MR. WARNING: And 1758? 9 MR. LOHMAR: Right. 10 MR. WARNING: Mr. Papageorge, those 11 are the exhibits that had been marked previously 12 in your deposition. 13 MR. DAVIDSON: That's page 1785. 14 Q. Sir, I've asked the court reporter to show you a 15 document marked NVF 001758 which I believe 16 you've previously testified is a Monsanto 17 document, is it not? 18 A. Yes, sir. 19 MR. DAVIDSON: It's a part of? 20 MR. LOHMAR: I believe it was shown 21 to the witness as a group exhibit. 22 MR. WARNING: I t's part of Exhibit 23 No. 15. 24 MR. LOHMAR: Sp ecifically, sir, I've 25 called your attention to a chart that appears on TAYLOR & ASSOCIATES (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074434 2-73 1 page NVF 001785 which refers to friction losses 2 in system piping? 3 A. I do. 4 Q. Can you explain that chart for the record? 5 A. I'll try. Across the bottom of the page is the 6 designation and the flow rate in gallons per 7 minute. This is the amount of fluid flowing 8 through the system. And the vertical left-hand 9 side, the vertical column talks about a head 10 loss. Now, the head loss is really an 11 expression to describe the amount of pressure 12 behind that liquid, if it's dribbling out the 13 end of the pipeline or has it really got a jet 14 of fluid. The five slanting columns across the 15 page reflect the change in flow rate. Actually, 16 the flow rate does increase as you go from the 17 bottom of the five sloping lines to the top. 18 Each of those sloping lines represents the size 19 of the pipe and its wall thickness. The 20 schedule refers to thick pipe and thin pipe. 2 1 What this says is that as you increase the flow 22 through each of these size pipes you will note 23 that you lose pressure. The sloping goes on up 2 4 and you'll lose pressure as measured across the 25 page to this left-hand vertical column called TAYLOR & ASSOCIATES (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074435 2-74 1 head loss. So what this is really saying is 2 that the faster the flow and the smaller the 3 pipe, the higher the loss. 4 Q. Loss of what? 5 A. Of the pressure. 6 Q. So this chart essentially refers to friction 7 losses due to pressure? 8 A. By friction loss you're talking about a loss of 9 pressure due to the friction of the fluid 10 flowing in that system. 11 Q. If Aroclor 1248 is used in a closed system, is 12 there any reason to have to replace that Aroclor 13 over time? 14 A. There could be many reasons. 15 Q. What would be some of those reasons? 16 A. They could range from contamination from other 17 fluids in the system or there is even a 18 possibility of overheating. 19 Q. How would overheating require the Aroclor to be 20 replaced? 2 1 A. You can reach the point where you get what 2 2 amounts to a charring, you're changing its 23 chemistry. We don't know why it changes, but we 24 know it converts from a clear baby oil looking 25 fluid to a dark brown like the oil in your TAYLOR & ASSOCIATES (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074436 2-75 1 automobile, so something is changing that. And 2 many times that's due to overheating. There are 3 other possibilities where within the system, 4 parts of the system are failing like a gasket is 5 wearing or a packing around, the pump or even the 6 metal parts that are moving are losing bits and 7 pieces of metal into the fluid. That would 8 require a change. There are some systems that 9 install filters for this just like the filter in 10 your automobile, but eventually depending on the 11 seriousness of this change you may have to 12 change the whole system out. Moisture can get 13 in when the system is shut down, cools off, it 14 picks up air with some moisture in it, air, you 15 do get some moisture in there that is not 16 wanted. If that moisture is there for a period 17 of time you can get the eventual rusting, 18 creating sources of rust and when you start up 19 the system that rust is moved along with the 20 Aroclor. I'm sure I haven't covered all 21 possibilities, but -- 22 Q. How would charring of the Aroclors operating at 23 a higher temperature, how would that impact the 24 integrity of the Aroclor? 25 A. It won't impact -- by integrity you mean TAYL0R & associates (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074437 2-76 1 changing its chemical composition or its 2 usefulness. 3 Q. Let me rephrase it. Why would one need to 4 replace the Aroclors in a certain system if that 5 Aroclor had charred? 6 A. Charring would result in a deposit of this 7 carbonaceous material at the point of high 8 temperature contact which is expected to be near 9 the source of the heat. In other words, your 10 gas or oil flame, the jet hitting that surface, 11 that carbonaceous matter eventually will sluff 12 off and get into the stream. That affects the 13 effectiveness of the heat transfer back at the 14 using point, not at the heating point, so you 15 find that it's a self defeating process. You 16 raise the temperature because you can't do the 17 hot job at the working end creating more 18 charring or destruction and the system gets so 19 fouled up you have to shut it down and drain it 20 and not only drain it but with this kind of 2 1 charring you almost have to scour out the 22 innards or replace the tubing and piping that's 23 been coated too heavily. 24 Q. Sir, besides the charring effect that you have 25 just testified to, do you know of any other TAYLQR & associates (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074438 2-77 1 manner by which a system containing Aroclor 1248 2 would change its color from, as you testified, a 3 baby oil like color to the darker brown color? 4 A. Well, this could occur if some contaminant got 5 in it. 6 Q. Well, let's assume you're dealing with a closed 7 system. In a closed system environment where, 8 excluding the charring effect which you have 9 just testified, can you think of any other 10 manner by which the baby oil like color of 11 Aroclor 1248 would darken into a browner color? 12 A. You could have an entry into the Aroclor portion 13 of the system from the material you're cooking, 14 for example, a varnish that you're heating in a 15 big pot leaks into the jacket and blends in with 16 the material, the Aroclor that's intended to 17 heat it, so you could get that reverse flow, 18 especially with systems that go up and down, 19 you're operating or you're cooling off, so 2 0 that's what I meant by a contamination from the 2 1 process itself. 22 Q. Sir, taking another look at the document you 2 3 have in front of you, the one that begins with 24 Bates NVF 001719 and take a look at the pages I 25 would like to call your attention to NVF 1723, _______________ (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074439 2-78 1 to 1724, which are identified as the physical 2 properties. 3 A. I have them. 4 Q. Sir, taking a look at these physical properties, 5 can you identify for the record at what point 6 one would expect to see some charring of Aroclor 7 1248 and the point, I'm referring to the 8 temperature? 9 A. There is no specific reference to a temperature 10 that one could associate with the charring 11 effect. The closest we can come to, from these 12 sheets is on 1724, where it talks -- where it 13 refers to distillation range, if you exceed that 14 upper range. 15 Q. Talking about the 725 degree Fahrenheit range? 16 A. If you exceed that you start entering a 17 temperature zone that could result in charring. 18 And the higher that excessive temperature 19 becomes, the faster the charring occurs, so it's 2 0 a matter not only of temperature but time at 2 1 that temperature. 22 Q. Sir, is there any evaporation effect that may 23 take place to Aroclor 1248 if it's contained in 24 a closed system? 25 A. Depends on the temperature. ______________ (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074440 2-79 1 Q. How does it depend on the temperature, sir? 2 A. If you reach these temperatures of 725 we talked 3 about, you would have a stream of vapors pouring 4 out of there, and that's a form of evaporation. 5 Q. But there is an evaporation loss associated with 6 the use of Aroclor, is there not? 7 A. At room temperature just sitting in the barrel? 8 Q. Let's talk about something higher than room 9 temperature. 10 A. Yes, there is a loss if the system isn't 11 perfectly sealed. 12 Q. In a perfectly sealed system there should be no 13 loss of Aroclors unless you exceed the 14 temperatures we've been talking about so far of 15 700 degrees or so? 16 A. You can lose vapors at the lower range of these 17 temperatures. 18 Q. How would you do that in a closed system? 19 A. If it isn't vented properly so it breathes, if 20 there is no cooling system to condense those 2 1 vapors, bring them back down into the tank, 22 those vapors can escape the system. So it's a 23 matter of design. 24 Q. Sir, did Monsanto recommend to its customers 25 that those customers perform some type of TAYLOR & ASSOCIATES (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074441 2-80 1 periodic checkup of the heat transfer systems? 2 A. Yes. 3 Q. Why would Monsanto make that recommendation if 4 you were dealing with a closed system? 5 A. It just falls into the category of a well run 6 unit. And you asked me why Monsanto would be 7 interested, they're interested in, I'm going to 8 call them a satisfied customer, and if the 9 customer's system isn't designed in a way that 10 gives them the expected good service, he may 11 stop using Monsanto's product and go to the 12 competition. So that's all part of the total 13 picture. 14 Q. During these periodic checkups, would the actual 15 color of the 1248 Aroclor be an indication that 16 the Aroclor should be changed? 17 A. It depends on the density of that color and the 18 time in use. If it starts turning yellowish the 19 second week in operation, you got a serious 20 problem. But if it's kind of amber colored 10 21 years in service, that's good service. So a 2 2 judgment call is required here. 23 Q. Sir, during these periodic checkup 24 recommendations, did Monsanto also recommend to 25 its customers they check the viscosity of the TAYL0R & ASSOCIATES (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074442 2-81 1 Aroclors? 2 A. Occasionally, yes. 3 Q. Why would that need to be checked? 4 A. That characteristic is another good indicator. 5 Color is one of them and viscosity, if it starts 6 to change, that indicates that you're doing 7 something to that system that is not really 8 proper. For example, your viscosity may go up 9 because you're losing the lighter vapors leaving 10 the heavy vapors behind, and if that continues 11 you're going to end up with molasses in January 12 in your system and you wouldn't be able to pump 13 anything, especially when it's allowed to cool 14 down and you try to start it up again. 15 Q. So viscosity essentially refers to the thickness 16 of the fluid? 17 A. The fluidity. 18 Q. Fair enough. Monsanto -- strike that. Would 19 Monsanto ever offer to check the viscosity of 2 0 Aroclor fluids as a service it would provide its 2 1 customers? 22 A. Offers were made on a case by case basis. It 2 3 was not a blanket kind of advertised service. 24 Q. Let me see if I can refresh your memory, sir. 25 Do you have in front of you NVF 001758? TAYLOR & ASSOCIATES (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074443 2-82 1 A. Yes. 2 Q. Please turn to the page Bates numbered NVF 3 001779. 4 A. I have it. 5 Q. Taking a look at the very last sentence that 6 appears on -- strike that -- the very last 7 paragraph -- taking the last paragraph that 8 appears in the far right-hand column, see where 9 it says, customers can have their fluid tested 10 by Monsanto free of charge? 11 A. Yes. 12 Q. Does that refresh your memory as to whether 13 Monsanto provided that service to its customers? 14 A. I didn't say it didn't provide it. 15 Q. Let me phrase that as to whether Monsanto 16 offered to its customers to provide that service 17 free of charge? 18 A. Yes, in fact we would supply sample bottles for 19 them. 20 Q. Do you know whether Monsanto ever kept a record 2 1 of the lab tests it did on customers' Aroclor? 22 A. All samples that were tested were recorded. 23 Records were kept. I don't know how long they 24 kept them. 25 Q. That was going to be my next question. Sir, TAYLOR & ASSOCIATES (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074444 2-83 1 turning to the same page, left-hand column, at 2 the very bottom says, precautions in cold 3 weather. Do you see that, sir? 4 A. Yes. 5 Q. Why was it that this particular general 6 recommendation was being made to Monsanto 7 customers? 8 A. Primarily because of the fluidity of the PCBs at 9 these low temperatures, 50 degrees and lower, 10 they just don't pump as well and your pump may 11 be working but the fluid isn't moving as rapidly 12 as it should, and as it goes through the now 13 heated chamber, it could get charred the way we 14 spoke about earlier and damaged, so you get a 15 better service if your fluid flows through 16 freely and this is why they recommended keep it 17 warm so it doesn't get so viscous that only the 18 inner part of the stream is flowing and the 19 outer part is up against that hot steel surface. 20 Q. So I understand, sir, how could the fluid inside 2 1 a closed system char faster if the system was 22 left on in an ambient temperature below 50 2 3 degrees? 24 A. Because when you turn up the heat -- you've got 25 to visualize a pipe with fluid in it, the fluid TAYLOR & ASSOCIATES (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074445 2-84 1 along the pipe walls is not moving as fast as 2 the core. That material on the pipe walls is 3 being exposed to this high temperature now and 4 with time, again, it's time and temperature, you 5 could damage the fluid. 6 Q. Would that damage also reflect itself in a 7 discoloration or a darkening of the fluid 8 itself? 9 A. Yes, eventually. 10 Q. Sir, during your first day of testimony, correct 11 me if I'm wrong, you testified when Monsanto 12 recognized there was an environmental problem, 13 potential environmental problem associated with 14 its Aroclors, it offered to take back the 15 Aroclors that some of its customers were using, 16 did it not? 17 A. To some of its customer yes, sir. 18 Q. And it made that offer to the customers that 19 were using Aroclors, for example, 1248? 2 0 A. Some of them, yes. 2 1 Q. Did it make it to all of its customers? 22 A. Not in my recollection, not in a blanket 23 informational type correspondence. I don't 24 recall any such offer. 25 Q. To what customers would Monsanto make such an TAYLQR & ASSOCIATES (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074446 2-85 1 offer? 2 A. That depended on the field marketing team. When 3 they had discussions it was up to the marketing 4 representative to make that suggestion or offer 5 to go back to the bosses and get approval. That 6 kind of dialogue did take place. 7 Q. Was there a record maintained of which customers 8 were contacted and extended the offer to take 9 back the Aroclor that Monsanto sold to it? 10 A. Not to my knowledge. 11 Q. Just a few final questions, I believe, sir. You 12 testified that the environmental problems that 13 Monsanto first recognized in the late '60s and 14 early '70s manifested themselves because PCBs 15 were found in areas where you would not expect 16 to find PCBs? 17 MR. KLINE: Object to 18 characterization. 19 A . I did. 20 Q. Was there ever a time when Monsanto did not 2 1 expect to find PCBs in a situation where PCBs 22 were being discharged into a stream? 2 3 A. No, they expected in those situations where the 24 PCBs were allowed to enter a stream they would 25 be found near that source. That was no TAYL0R & ASSOCIATES (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074447 2-86 1 surprise. 2 Q. So the surprise was when PCBs were found in 3 situations where one would never anticipate PCBs 4 to be found? 5 A. Correct. 6 Q. But in a situation where PCBs were being 7 discharged into a stream, Monsanto would 8 anticipate finding PCBs? 9 A. Yes. 10 Q. Assuming, sir, once Monsanto realized that the 11 PCBs were a potential environmental hazard, how 12 would Monsanto eliminate the PCBs, how would 13 they be destroyed or remediated? 14 A. Remediation? 15 Q . Sure. 16 A. That varied so much from situation to situation, 17 it depended really on ease of access, 18 distribution, the local condition had a lot to 19 do with retrieving that PCBs, putting it in a 20 safer place. I don't know we ever had a 21 standard remediation program. 22 Q. Well, I believe you testified during your first 2 3 day, sir, that one thing you were recommending 24 once Monsanto realized there was environmental 25 concern out there was that its customers no TAYLOR & ASSOCIATES (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074448 2-87 1 longer hose these PCBs down the sewer? 2 A. Correct. 3 Q. That is because the sanitary sewer system could 4 not remediate the PCBs? 5 A. That's one reason. 6 Q. What would be the other reasons? 7 A. Some of these sewer systems didn't go through a 8 sanitary system and they ended up in public 9 waterways and places where industrial chemicals, 10 including the PCBs, all industrial chemicals are 11 not perceived by Monsanto to be -- they 12 shouldn't be there. 13 Q. Redirecting a discharge of PCBs from going into 14 a storm sewer that immediately went into the 15 environment to going into a sanitary sewer 16 system, would that have alleviated Monsanto's 17 environmental concerns about the PCBs? 18 A. No, sir. 19 MR. LOHMAR: That's all. 20 MS. SITARSKI: I have no questions. 21 22 EXAMINATION 2 3 QUESTIONS BY MS. DOUGHERTY: 24 Q. Mr. Papageorge, my name is Ann Dougherty 25 representing Liberty Mutual Insurance Company, TAYLOR & ASSOCIATES (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074449 2-88 1 one of the defendants in this case. I would 2 like to follow up on something Mr. Lohmar just 3 asked you about and that was the discharge of 4 PCBs to waterways and streams. There is a 5 portion of exhibit, Exhibit No. 3, which is 6 Bates numbered NVF 39 and NVF 40. If you could 7 take a look at this document, and specifically 8 on the first paragraph read the first paragraph 9 on the second page. 10 A. I recall that paragraph. 11 Q. Okay. The last sentence in that paragraph 12 says: "As mentioned in the article," referring 13 to an October 29, 1969, article, "good 14 manufacturing practice in the future may require 15 that no products used by any company be lost or 16 discharged in such a manner as to ultimately be 17 found in waterways." Do you see that? 18 A. I do. 19 Q. I just wanted to see if you can tell us if that 2 0 was your understanding as of 1969, this letter 2 1 is dated February 19, 1970, if that was also 22 your understanding at that time? 23 A. Yes. 24 Q. Did you have an understanding prior to 1970 or 25 1969 that it was also not good business TAYLOR & ASSOCIATES (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074450 2-89 1 practice, good manufacturing practice to have 2 PCBs discharged into waterways? 3 A. Well, when you restrict it to PCBs I find it 4 hard to answer. First of all, we never talked 5 about PCBs, these were Aroclors at Monsanto; and 6 secondly, it wasn't -- in our thinking, it was 7 all industrial chemicals, not any specific type. 8 Q. Can you assign a date prior to 1969 when 9 Monsanto Company would have this feeling or 10 understanding about the products? 11 A. I can only share with you I joined Monsanto in 12 1951 and that was the orientation I got when I 13 joined it, so I don't know when it really began. 14 Q. And I think you've already -- I have no more 15 questions. Thank you. 16 17 EXAMINATION 18 QUESTIONS BY MR. HILBER: 19 Q. I have a very few. For the record, my name is 20 A1 Hilber. I'm with the firm of Mendes & Mount 2 1 and we're representing, for ease of reference, 22 London Market Insurers which is the underwriter 23 of Lloyds and other market companies. And I 24 just have a few questions. One of them was with 2 5 regards to the customer lists, I know you've TAYLOR & ASSOCIATES (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074451 2-90 1 testified somewhat ad nauseam, but I am just 2 making sure I'm clear. When a customer would 3 purchase products, they would be placed on the 4 customer list for that product? 5 A. Correct. 6 Q. And periodically and depending on the product 7 and the person, I guess, in charge of that 8 product, those lists would be updated or checked 9 to make sure that they had a concise group of 10 individual customers? 11 A. Correct. 12 Q. When they were updated, was it the practice to 13 also keep the old list or was it at that point 14 generally the practice to discard the old list? 15 A. The practice was to discard the old list so 16 there would be no confusion in future 17 correspondence. 18 Q. So as a result of that it becomes very difficult 19 to know what list existed in what particular 2 0 years? 2 1 A. That is correct. 22 Q. I may be touching on a topic you already 23 covered. Pydraul F-9, does that contain PCBs? 24 A. Yes, sir. 2 5 Q. And the Pydraul, as I understood your testimony, TAYLOR & ASSOCIATES (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074452 2-91 1 was never sold through intermediaries? 2 A. Not to my recollection. 3 Q. So when you sent, or when Monsanto sent out 4 materials concerning, I guess, some of the 5 environmental concerns that had been raised with 6 regard to PCBs in certain of their products, 7 that would have gone to the customers that 8 purchased Pydraul? 9 A. Within the past three to five years back. 10 Q. And it could have been further back depending on 11 how recently the list has been updated; correct? 12 A. Based on the judgment of the individual 13 responsible for that list, he may include a 14 customer who hadn't purchased any Pydraul for a 15 while based on his knowledge of the system and 16 the reason for the lack of purchases, so 17 sometimes they would retain a customer who 18 hadn't bought anything for five years and other 19 times the customer's name would disappear. But 20 for the three-year period it's definite. 21 Q. With respect to two different -- I know there is 22 a number of questions, specifically Aroclor 1248 23 and 1254, just to speed this up, correct me if 24 I'm wrong, the main difference there is what's 25 indicated by the numbers is there is a greater TAYLOR & ASSOCIATES (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074453 2-92 1 percentage of chlorine in the 1254 than there is 2 in the 1248? 3 A. That is correct. 4 Q. But these are still very similar materials in 5 terms of chemical composition and makeup? 6 A. Yes, similar in that they belong to the same 7 chemical family but the 1254 mixture had PCBs in 8 it that had more chlorines attached to the 9 carbons than the 1248 mixture did, although 10 there was some overlap. As you look at that 11 wave that the instrument produces, the 1254 12 would have the peaks and valleys more to the 13 higher chlorinated than the 48, but in the 14 middle there was an overlap of the two. 15 Q. Correct me if I'm wrong, you're talking about 16 the graphs and those are the spectrophotometric, 17 the analysis equipment? 18 A. Yes. 19 Q. So they're very similar to one another in terms 20 of -- in other words, you put a sample in one of 21 those instruments and try and detect what 22 chemical is present in that material, the 2 3 readings for 1248 and 1254 will be very similar? 24 A. Well, similar in some respects, yet there is a 25 difference. So the analyst will make a judgment TAYLOR & ASSOCIATES (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074454 2-93 1 call as to what he's going to call that 2 analytical result, is he going to say it's 3 Aroclor 1248 or is it Aroclor 1254? And two 4 chemists working at the same laboratory could 5 come up with two different answers in terms of 6 which of the Aroclors is it because it's fuzzy, 7 it's not a real perfect virgin print, so to 8 speak; it'sbeenaltered. 9 Q. That's what I wanted to follow up on. And that 10 was my understanding as well, because one has a 11 detect for 1254, there isn't a complete 12 certainty as to whether it is 1254, it may 13 actually be 1248 or vice versa? 14 A. It may have started out as Aroclor 1248 and 15 deteriorated or changed in the environment so 16 now the analyst sees something that looks more 17 like 54 than it did 48. 18 Q. As I understood your testimony earlier today, 19 generally that's how it would go would be from a 2 0 lower chlorine percentage to a higher one and 2 1 not from a higher to a lower? 22 A. That is correct. 2 3 Q. In terms of the properties, you touched upon 24 ... that, two questions to look for there. . 54 is. 25 less viscous than 48? TAYLOR & ASSOCIATES (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074455 2-94 1 A. It's the other way around. The higher the 2 chlorine the more viscous the material. 3 Q. I said it backwards. I actually meant that. Do 4 you know of instances where the two materials 5 were both utilized within a heat transfer- 6 system? 7 MR. DAVIDSON: At the same time? 8 Q. Yeah, in other words, maybe to clear my 9 question, perhaps for a while the system has 10 been utilizing 1248 and in a subsequent shipment 11 or some drums came of 54, not necessarily total 12 discharging or emptying the system but adding 13 five gallons, whatever? 14 A. Topping off so to speak? 15 Q. Exactly? 16 A. That can happen. There was a heat transfer 17 product Monsanto sold that was a blend of two of 18 them and my memory is a little bit hazy. One of 19 the Therminols was a blend but I've forgotten 20 which of the Aroclors were blended in what 2 1 ratios, how much of each. 22 Q. Last question: In other words, the system can 23 operate, to your knowledge, a heat transfer 24 system potentially with both materials. It's 25 not like, I realize some of the operating TAYLOR & ASSOCIATES (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074456 2-95 1 properties may be a little bit off the specs 2 that Monsanto sent, but you could run a system 3 on having some 1248 in it and also some 1254? 4 A. Some systems would function okay, yes. 5 MR. HILBER: No further questions. 6 7 EXAMINATION 8 QUESTIONS BY MR. KLINE: 9 Q. Mr. Papageorge, my name is Paul Kline. I 10 represent NVF Company in this case and as you 11 know, I'm the caboose. I will be the last 12 person asking you questions in this phase of 13 your deposition and as I understand it there 14 will be a video deposition sometime after that. 15 Let's begin with just some general questions 16 regarding uses of Aroclors by industry. Now, 17 let's talk about plasticizer uses. 18 A. All right. 19 Q. First of all, when did Monsanto first begin 20 marketing Aroclors for use as plasticizers? 21 A. I don't know the exact date, but it had to be 22 after World War II, so it's the late '40s, early 23 ' 50s . 24 Q. And did those Aroclors that were marketed for 25 use as plasticizers contain PCBs at that time? _______________ (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074457 2-96 1 A. Yes. 2 Q. Now, I'm going to ask you about a specific use 3 and let's see if you've ever heard of the 4 plasticizer use in the capacity. Have you ever 5 heard of mixing Aroclors with phenolic resins to 6 make circuit boards or any laminates, for that 7 matter? 8 A. I've heard of that use, yes. 9 Q. Have you heard of that use beyond anybody other 10 than NVF -- NVF's use? 11 A. I don't know that I associate my knowledge of 12 that use with any specific user. It's the 13 general reference to circuit boards or a 14 phenolic laminate, that broad type of 15 description. I do not associate it with any 16 specific entity by a corporate name or anything 17 like that. 18 Q. Let's see if we can somehow quantify the amount 19 of that use that you recall. Was that what you 20 would call a fairly substantial use based on 21 your recollection or a very minor use? 22 A. I could share with you an impression that I have 23 and it's not based on my analysis of numbers and 24 comparing it to other materials, but it was 25 considered by Monsanto as a modest but TAYLOR & ASSOCIATES (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074458 2-97 1 respectable amount of material. 2 Q. And you've seen the numbers of the quantities 3 sold to NVF or to American Mineral Spirits 4 Company produced in documents 1 through 38; 5 correct? 6 A . Yes, sir. 7 Q. Would you consider that usage alone a modest or 8 respectable figure for Monsanto? 9 A. I have a difficult time relating it. To 10 Monsanto, it was a very small use. But to your 11 guy, I can't evaluate that with your NVF 12 activities in any way to express an opinion 13 about is it modest or is it -- I just don't have 14 a way to measure it. 15 Q. Let me rephrase the question. If that sales to 16 American Mineral Spirits or National Vulcanized 17 Fiber was the only use of plasticizers for 18 phenolic laminate sold by Monsanto, would 19 Monsanto consider those sales a modest but 20 respectable use? 21 MR. LOHMAR: Objection to form. 22 MR. WARNING: I'll object to the 2 3 extent you're asking him to speculate. 24 A. Knowing Monsanto, I would suggest that they 25 would probably drop any effort to expand that TAYLOR & ASSOCIATES (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074459 2-98 1 business. It wouldn't be worth the activity 2 involved. 3 Q. So it's fair to say that NVF Company's purchases 4 of plasticizer Aroclors was very small in the 5 scheme of Monsanto sales? 6 A. That is my opinion, yes, sir. 7 MR. LOHMAR: I object to the form of 8 the question. 9 Q. Would you characterize it as minute? 10 MR. LOHMAR: Same objection. 11 A. Now, we're getting into degrees of smallness and 12 I don't have enough concrete data to put 13 together. 14 Q. Let's then back up a little bit. Are you 15 familiar generally with the quantities of 16 Aroclors sold by Monsanto over the years? And 17 we're speaking obviously in broad generalities 18 here . 19 MR. WARNING: Are you referring to 20 all sales by Monsanto to all customers? 21 MR. KLINE: Correct. 22 A. Yes, sir, I'm familiar, 70 million pounds a 23 year. So when we talk 23,000 pounds, it's a 24 small amount. 25 Q. Of that 70 million pounds, could you very TAYLOR & ASSOCIATES (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074460 2-99 1 roughly estimate what percentage of that would 2 be plasticizer use sales? 3 MR. LOHMAR: Objection. 4 A. Roughly estimate, I would say half of it. 5 Q. Would it be fair to say that roughly 50 percent 6 of Monsanto's Aroclor business was the 7 plasticizer sales? 8 A . Yes, sir. 9 Q. We've talked about a variety of Aroclors. I 10 think we've mentioned 1242, 1248, 1254, 1260, 11 1268, 5460, 6062, and possibly Aroclors being 12 mixed with other substances such as Pydraul 13 F-9. Is there any reason to think that any of 14 those Aroclors that I just mentioned would be 15 incompatible with a plasticizer use with 16 phenolic laminate which we had just been talking 17 about? 18 A. Incompatible. Well, this compatibility really 19 depends on the end results you're seeking. In 20 some cases you may not want a property that the 2 1 PCB would offer or end up with whereas in 22 another application that's exactly what I 23 wanted. So I really can't answer that unless I 24 know specifically how much of the PCBs, which 25 one into what and what's the end result being TAYLOR & ASSOCIATES (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074461 2-100 1 sought. 2 Q. Well, fair enough. Let me try to be a little 3 more specific. Your first day of testimony I 4 believe you indicated that it would be 5 incompatible to put Aroclor 1260 as a heat 6 transfer fluid because it's a solid. Was that 7 your testimony? 8 A. I believe I said Aroclor 1268 which is, it's a 9 solid material and it was sold and looked like 10 coarse table salt. 11 Q. And so it would be fair to say that would be 12 incompatible with a heat transfer fluid 13 application? 14 A. Correct. 15 Q. And that's the incompatibility that I'm trying 16 to get to when I ask you whether any of the 17 Aroclors that I had mentioned earlier would have 18 been incompatible with a phenolic laminate 19 plasticizer use. 20 MR. WARNING: At this point I'm going 2 1 to object to your line of questioning as not 22 having a proper foundation. 23 A. Well, it's my understanding that with phenolics 24 any of the PCBs can be eventually blended and 25 incorporated. We use the example of the solid TAYLOR & ASSOCIATES (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074462 2-101 1 Aroclor 1268. That can be heated to the point 2 where it becomes a liquid and incorporated in a 3 product which when it cools down, solidifies and 4 you've got the property you sought whether it be 5 fire resistance or what have you. So in the 6 plasticize application it's much more complex 7 than the heat transfer where you're pumping a 8 liquid, circulating just like the coolant in 9 your automobile. 10 Q. Let me follow up then and ask you a further 11 question. Is there anything that you're 12 familiar with with the properties of the PCB 13 Aroclors that I had mentioned by isomer 14 previously that would cause them to react with 15 phenol in such a way as to create a 16 manufacturing incompatibility? 17 A. I'm not aware of any chemical reaction that 18 would occur under those conditions. 19 Q. The isomers of Aroclors that I had listed, do 20 you know whether each of those particular 2 1 isomers were used as a plasticizer by any 22 customers of Monsanto? 23 A. Can you help me with your use of the isomers? 24 Isomers means a group of products, all of them 25 having the same chemical content but a different TAYL0R & ASSOCIATES (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074463 2-102 1 configuration, like you can have a 2 monochlorobiphenyl, you can have ten of those. 3 So when you say isomers that's what that 4 describes. I think what you're talking about is 5 commercial mixtures of various isomers with 6 three and four. 7 MR. LOHMAR: Different types of 8 Aroclor. 9 Q. I stand corrected because you've worked with 10 this more closely than myself. Are there 11 different isomers of Aroclor 1248? 12 A. Aroclor 1248 is in itself a mixture; it is not a 13 pure chemical. It contains many 14 monochlorobiphenyls, several dichloros, many 15 trichloros, tetrachloros, pentachloros, on up 16 and they're present in a really consistent 17 pattern when it's manufactured and all of those 18 chlorines that are arranged with carbon in these 19 mono, di, and tri configurations add up to 40 20 percent of the total mass. I don't know how 2 1 else to describe it. 2 2 Q. I appreciate your explanation, and now I'm going 23 to ask you to help me find a better term for 24 what I'm asking. 25 MR. LOHMAR: Perhaps I could help. I TAYL0R & associates (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074464 2-103 1 think you're referring to Aroclors by that name 2 as opposed to types of Aroclor and isomers of 3 Aroclors. If you ask the question using the 4 term Aroclor, I think you'll get the answer 5 you're seeking. 6 Q. How should I refer to the different numbered 7 Aroclors? Are they different types of Aroclors, 8 different mixtures of Aroclors? 9 A. The Aroclor designation Monsanto used to 10 describe PCB mixtures always had the one-two 11 designation followed by another two digits which 12 represented the amount of total chlorine 13 present. So when you say 1248, that's one-two 14 is a PCB, because there were other Aroclors that 15 Monsanto had that were not PCBs, and the 48 says 16 48 percent of that material by weight when you 17 weigh it is chlorine. Now in that mixture the 18 chlorine is tied to the carbons over a spectrum 19 of one to about six chlorines per PCB molecule. 20 It can have one or it can have six. That one 2 1 can fit on any of ten positions, some of which 22 are mirror image. It's getting too complex, I 23 think. But anyway, the best way to describe 24 these is to do what the world has really done, 25 refer to them as Aroclor by a number. TAYLOR & ASSOCIATES (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074465 2-104 1 Q. And that's exactly what I'll do. So let me 2 rephrase my question by taking the word "isomer" 3 out and just say, is there any reason -- scratch 4 that. Do you know whether the different number 5 Aroclors that I had listed at the beginning of 6 this question were used as plasticizers? 7 A. Yes. 8 Q. Were each of those used as plasticizers? 9 A. All of the - 10 MR. LOHMAR: Objection. 11 A. All of the Aroclors Monsanto made that were PCBs 12 found some use as plasticizers somewhere. 13 Q. Before we move onto another topic, let's talk 14 generally again what were some of the bigger 15 plasticizer uses of Aroclors that you're aware 16 of . 17 MR. WARNING: Object to the use of 18 the word "bigger." 19 Q. More substantial purchases of Aroclors for use 2 0 as plasticizers, what applications did they 21 have? 22 A. I don't pretend to recall the numbers; I'm left 23 with impressions. The big use, as an additive 24 to chlorinated rubber. It was an additive to - 25 they were an additive to adhesives, some _______________ (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074466 2-105 1 adhesives that were active at room temperature 2 and some that had to be heated, the hot melt 3 adhesives. Some of the Aroclors were used in 4 inks, printing inks, colored inks. There was a 5 use in paints, predominantly the traffic lane 6 paints that we used to see, the white and yellow 7 paint on the highways. A very large use was in 8 the carbonless copy paper. It's a part of the 9 fluid, I think, inside the capsule that was 10 ruptured as you wrote across the page. It was 11 used as an ingredient in sealants and caulking, 12 the caulking around the skyscrapers of the 13 world, the World Center towers and all where the 14 PCB would add this property of never drying out, 15 but staying flexible and waterproof and so on, 16 so that's a big use. I'm sure I missed 17 something. 18 Q. I would expect you would have. 19 A. But these are kinds of examples. 20 Q. From the top of your head. Okay. Are any of 21 those uses, and I could go through them because 22 I did list them, what you would consider easy 23 entry uses as you used that term during the 24 first day of your testimony, easy entry into the 25 environment? The first one you mentioned was TAYLOR & ASSOCIATES (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074467 2-106 1 additive to chlorinated rubber? 2 A. Yes, all of the uses we just described in which 3 Monsanto used the word "plasticizer use," which 4 really meant miscellaneous, in other words, the 5 PCB was used in another ingredient, were 6 perceived to be the type that the minute they're 7 used they're out there in the environment. 8 There is nothing to prevent them from escaping 9 if they're damaged or removed or disposed of. 10 Q. Now, let's switch gears to electrical 11 transformers and the use of Aroclors in 12 electrical transformers. Did Monsanto begin 13 marketing Aroclors for use in electrical 14 transformers approximately the same time as the 15 use as plasticizers which would be the late 16 1940s, early 1950s? 17 A. The use of PCBs as transformer fluids was 18 started in 1929 by the Swan Chemical Company 19 which was purchased by Monsanto. And Monsanto 20 continued the marketing of PCBs to the customers 2 1 then that started with Swan Chemical Company. 22 Q. Which types of Aroclors were used in electrical 23 transformers? 24 A. Aroclor 1242, Aroclor 1254 and Aroclor 1260. 25 Q. Would Aroclors used in electrical transformers TAYLOR & ASSOCIATES (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074468 2-107 1 periodically need to be changed? 2 A. Yes. 3 Q. First let's talk about how periodically, or 4 would it depend upon the application and the 5 equipment? 6 A. It would depend on the application as described 7 by the stress that the transformer had to 8 undergo. Was it hit by lightening often, did it 9 arc internally? In other words, its performance 10 and years of performance would affect the 11 quality of the liquid in that unit. 12 Q. Are there any other reasons that you're aware of 13 for the need to change the Aroclors in 14 electrical transformers? 15 A. There is, of course, always the problem of 16 moisture probably collecting in there. That's 17 all that comes to mind at present. 18 Q. Electrical transformers used to power 19 manufacturing facilities, would Aroclors used in 20 those electrical transformers periodically need 2 1 to be changed? 22 A. Yes, generally. 23 Q. How often generally would that occur? 24 A. That varies so much from maybe every year to 25 every five years. _____________ (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074469 2-108 1 Q. That's all I have with electrical transformers. 2 Let's move on to heat transfer fluids. Again, 3 when did Monsanto begin marketing heat transfer 4 fluids containing Aroclors? 5 A. Again, this is after World War II, about late 6 1940s, early 1950. 7 Q. Before I get into the specifics, can you tell me 8 generally some of the major uses of Aroclors in 9 heat transfer as heat transfer fluids? 10 A. Major uses? 11 MR. LOHMAR: Objection. You can 12 answer. 13 A. Heat transfer systems in automobile tire 14 factories. There were so many different kinds 15 of uses I can't categorize them as a group in 16 terms of type of service. There were so many 17 industrial applications requiring high 18 temperatures, and the owners of these systems 19 were in a position of trying to avoid having 20 licensed steam boiler operators on duty around 21 the clock which a steam system would have 22 required to get the higher temperature, so they 23 went to these PCB type heat transfer systems. 24 There were food uses. By food uses I'm 25 referring to such things as cooking oils that TAYL0R & ASSOCIATES (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074470 2-109 1 are used to, say, fry potato chips, fry chicken 2 and fish, those kinds of things. I'm having a 3 hard time remembering. There must be hundreds 4 of uses. They just don't come to mind now. 5 Q. That's understandable. Have you ever heard of 6 the use of Aroclors as a heat transfer fluid in 7 industrial presses? 8 A. I associate PCBs with presses, but I don't 9 specifically recall the need for heat, but I 10 just don't remember. 11 Q. Well, let me try to refresh your memory. I'll 12 give you at least one, and maybe that will 13 help. A situation where phenolic, a silicone 14 laminate is pressed, and for it to become a 15 useful product, heat must be applied during the 16 pressing operation in order to create the 17 product. Does that - 18 A. That does. I was thinking of metal presses for 19 sheet metal, automobile fenders and the like. 20 Yes, now I do recall there are materials that 21 must be heated so that you can form them with 22 other pieces of equipment, yes. 23 Q. Now, that use of Aroclors as a heat transfer 24 fluid in industrial presses, would you consider 25 that as well a modest but respectable use? TAYLOR & ASSOCIATES (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074471 2-110 1 MR. WARNING: Objection. You're not 2 talking about volume, vagueness. 3 A. I have a difficult time answering because I have 4 nothing to compare. I just, the numbers I was 5 looking at in the past were -- just would refer 6 to Monsanto's heat transfer fluids of so many 7 pounds. I don't recall any incident to try to 8 break it out as to what type of uses these were, 9 so I have no way to evaluate it. 10 Q. As far as you know, was NVF one of a number of 11 companies using Aroclors as a heat transfer 12 fluid in an industrial presses? 13 MR. LOHMAR: Objection, lack of 14 foundation. 15 A. Yes, it was. 16 Q. What would be your approximation of how many 17 users there were of Aroclors as a heat transfer 18 fluids in industrial pressing operations? 19 A. Industrial pressing, I don't know. 20 Q. Can you say more than 50? 2 1 MR. DAVIDSON: More than one? 22 A. I just don't know. Your guess is as good as 23 mine . 24 Q. Well, was there more than one? 25 MR. LOHMAR: Objection. TAYL0R & associates (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074472 2-111 1 A. I would be speculating. I would say yes, 2 because that's my understanding of the business 3 of the industrial world out there, but I have no 4 other basis than that. 5 Q. Do you know whether there were design 6 consultants within the United States that were 7 solicited by various industries to design 8 Aroclor heat transfer systems for their 9 operations? 10 A. Yes. 11 Q. Did Monsanto have a relationship at all with 12 those design consultants? For example, did 13 Monsanto send those design consultants technical 14 bulletins? 15 A. Yes. 16 Q. Did Monsanto have a technical staff at its own 17 plants or offices or facilities that would be 18 able to make a recommendation as to who to speak 19 with in the -- as far as design consultants in 20 order to construct a heat transfer type system? 2 1 A. Well, Monsanto never did get into the business 22 of acting as an engineering consulting company. 23 All that Monsanto could do was describe its 24 products and what it knew about its products in 25 terms of chemical and physical properties. And TAYL0R & ASSociates (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074473 2-112 1 it would also be willing to share with others 2 its experiences with its equipment under its 3 conditions, which may or may not help the person 4 seeking information of that kind. If a design 5 consultant would contact Monsanto, Monsanto 6 would work closely with him in terms of 7 supplying him product literature, sharing 8 experiences, cautioning against the fact that if 9 you use this kind of material you're going to 10 get this kind of effect. If you use the wrong 11 gasket, it's going to fail on you in a few 12 weeks, we've gone through that kind of sharing. 13 Monsanto never did, to my knowledge, publish a 14 list of recommended or approved design engineers 15 or consultants, never did go that far. 16 Q. When creating various technical bulletins such 17 as the bulletin marked 1719, was it Monsanto's 18 -- was it Monsanto's expectation that the end 19 user of that system would be the party 20 constructing that Aroclor heat transfer system 21 or was that product bulletin designed to some 22 extent for design consultants or designers? 23 That is a terrible question. Strike it, shoot 24 it outside, let me start over. 25 MR. LOHMAR: I won't ask for it to be TAYLOR & ASSOCIATES (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074474 2-113 1 read back. 2 Q. When Monsanto was piecing together technical 3 bulletins such as document NVF No. 1719, was it 4 Monsanto's expectation that the ultimate user 5 would be using that technical bulletin directly 6 in all cases? 7 A. That's one ultimate use, yes. 8 Q. Would it also be expected that that would be 9 used by a design consultant for constructing a 10 heat transfer system? 11 A. Yes, sir. 12 Q. Did some heat transfer uses -- strike that. 13 Let's switch gears a little bit onto situations 14 where Aroclors in heat transfer systems needed 15 to be changed. We had talked about that a 16 little earlier when Mr. Lohmar had asked you 17 some questions. First of all, just as 18 generalities, would it be fair to say that a 19 need to change Aroclors in a system depended 2 0 upon, first of all, the particular application? 2 1 A. Well, yes. When you say particular application, 22 are you referring to the designed application or 23 to a problem with an application that wasn't 24 anticipated? 25 Q. I would be thinking more or less the difference ______________ (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074475 2-114 1 between use for cooking potato chips versus use 2 in an industrial press, would the need to change 3 depend upon the different applications? 4 A. Not necessarily. It depends on the 5 temperatures, the design of the system, the 6 rates of circulation, types of venting that are 7 used, so it isn't the fact that you have potato 8 chips versus this press you talked about, it's 9 how is it all put together and what's expected 10 of it. 11 Q. And how it's being used? 12 A. Well, yes. Did you overheat it, for example, or 13 did you do something else that affected the 14 liquid that's circulating inside. 15 Q. Okay. Let's talk about a few different 16 situations that might affect the useful life 17 span of Aroclors in heat transfer fluid in a 18 heat transfer system. And you let me know 19 whether you agree those particular factors might 20 affect useful life. You indicated first 21 temperature. Now, do you know what temperatures 22 were the maximum recommended temperatures for 23 Aroclors in a heat transfer system? 24 A. I don't remember off the top of my head now, 25 no. But there were limits. This is why there _________________ (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074476 2-115 1 were several types of Monsanto's Therminols 2 available depending on the temperature you 3 wished to achieve. 4 Q. What would happen when the temperature would be 5 exceeded? 6 A. The chances were good that the surface through 7 which the heat from the oil or gas flame would 8 be transferred to the fluid inside, whether it 9 be a jacket or a pipe, a coil, whatever the 10 system, if the liquid itself gets overheated, 11 that implies strongly that some of it got very 12 overheated, especially that right up against 13 that hot wall. Under those conditions, you can 14 get this charring we spoke of earlier. It 15 carbonizes, it becomes like road tar or even 16 harder than just a tarring material, it becomes 17 gritty and cakes on that surface and cokes; it 18 forms a coke. That's what I meant by 19 overheating. The material is then stressed and 20 it loses some of its good properties and picks 2 1 up undesirable properties. 22 Q. Okay. Does the term dehydrohalogenate mean 2 3 anything to you? 24 A. Dehydrohalogenate? 25 MR. LOHMAR: Objection. TAYLOR & ASSOCIATES (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074477 2-116 1 A. I'm not familiar with that particular 2 terminology, but I think I understand what 3 they're trying to describe. That's in essence 4 what happens when you end up with coke instead 5 of a fluid, this charring coking effect. It's 6 lost the chlorine and hydrogen and ends up with 7 coke, black stuff on the surface. 8 Q. Would Aroclors have a boiling point? 9 A. Oh, yes. That's what the distillation range 10 is. You boil it, condense the vapors to make 11 the product. 12 Q. Would this charring that you're talking about 13 occur before the boiling point is reached? 14 A. No, it's a temperature that exceeds its boiling 15 point. 16 Q. Now, when the boiling point is reached, the 17 Aroclors will begin to vaporize? 18 A. Correct. 19 Q. Now, in a system that has an expansion tank will 20 those vapors escape? 21 MR. LOHMAR: Objection. 22 A. It depends on the design of the tank system. 23 Does it have a means of condensing those vapors 24 and returning them back into the system or is it 25 a system where it will trap the vapors until a (314) taylor & ASSOCIATES 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074478 2-117 1 certain pressure is reached, and then it will 2 release them like a safety valve so you don't 3 blow up the system with too much pressure. Once 4 that relief valve releases the vapors, they 5 escape out into the air. 6 Q. Could there be a heat transfer system designed 7 without some type of release for vapors of 8 Aroclors? 9 MR. LOHMAR: Objection. 10 A. You could design it, but I wouldn't call that 11 responsible designing. You always have to 12 provide a relief feature in the event you create 13 a lot of vapor pressure and the system can't 14 tolerate it, you've got to release it; otherwise 15 the tank will explode. 16 Q. Now, when vapors are released, do you have an 17 understanding of whether they dissipate locally 18 or whether they're carried off in the 19 environment to any distance? 20 MR. LOHMAR: Objection. 21 A. That depends an awful lot on the environment 22 this equipment is in, is it outdoors, is it 23 enclosed in a building -- 24 Q. Let me interject it is outdoors -- it's 25 outdoors, the boiler mechanism is outdoors, TAYLOR & ASSOCIATES (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074479 2-118 1 would Aroclors have a tendency to condense 2 locally and deposit locally or do they have a 3 tendency to migrate great distances? 4 MR. LOHMAR: Objection. 5 Q. Any distances? 6 MR. LOHMAR: Still under the same 7 objection. 8 MR. KLINE: Doug, I'm allowed -- what 9 is the basis of your objection? 10 MR. LOHMAR: I think you're asking 11 him to speculate. I think you're asking very 12 broad questions about heat transfer systems as 13 opposed to asking questions about a specific 14 heat transfer system, and I think when you're 15 dealing with the dispersion of a certain vapor, 16 it's only common sense that's going to depend on 17 the amount of vapor being discharged, the length 18 of distance between the vapor discharged and the 19 ground and the volume of vapor discharge at any 20 one given time. I object that it's overly 2 1 broad. 22 MR. WARNING: I'll object to the use 23 of the term "locally." I'm not sure there is an 24 understanding about what that is. 25 Q. Let me rephrase the question. Do you have an TAYLOR & ASSOCIATES (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074480 2-119 1 understanding of whether vaporized Aroclors in 2 the outdoor environment have a tendency to 3 condense locally or whether they migrate? 4 A. That depends on - 5 MR. LOHMAR: Same objection. 6 A. That depends how much wind is blowing through 7 the facility. Assuming no wind at all, the 8 tendency for PCB vapors would be, since they're 9 heavy, to condense and descend right over the 10 unit. But that happens so seldom, there is at 11 least some lateral movement. The distance that 12 lateral movement will cover depends an awful lot 13 on how much vapor is up there in the air, how 14 high did it reach, and what wind currents 15 carried it and how far and fast did that wind 16 move before the droplets settled. 17 Q. One nugget in your response is actually what I 18 was getting at and let me focus on that. You 19 indicated that Aroclors and PCBs are heavy; 20 therefore, they have a tendency to deposit 21 locally. Is that your understanding, omitting 22 the effect of wind? 23 A. That's true. 24 Q. Now, is it your understanding that heat transfer 25 systems were at times pressurized and at times TAYLOR & ASSOCIATES (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074481 2-120 1 unpressurized? 2 MR. LOHMAR: Objection. 3 Q. Let me rephrase the question. Are all heat 4 transfer systems pressurized according to your 5 understanding? 6 MR. LOHMAR: Objection. Talking 7 about ones using Aroclor? 8 MR. KLINE: Yes. 9 Q. Are heat transfer systems that use Aroclors 10 pressurized systems? 11 A. They are pressurized because of the existence of 12 a pump to circulate the cooler fluid through the 13 heating unit back to the point of use, so the 14 pump is what provides the pressure. 15 Q. But when the pump is not operating, is the 16 system at atmospheric pressure? 17 A. Well, it's at a constant pressure depending how 18 tight it is and whether the atmosphere can 19 influence it. 20 Q. Do you have any understanding of the pressures 21 that are created by pumps connected to Aroclor 22 heat transfer systems? 23 MR. LOHMAR: Objection. 24 A. In the case of understanding of those charts we 25 saw earlier with the friction loss depicted and TAYLOR & ASSOCIATES (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074482 2-121 1 the rate of flow, the pump pressure and so on. 2 So I think that's a good chart to get an 3 understanding. 4 Q. Have you ever heard of artificially pressurizing 5 a heat transfer system with, say, nitrogen? 6 A. I have not. 7 Q. Have you ever heard of pressurizing a heat 8 transfer system apart from the pressure created 9 by a pump? 10 A. I have not. 11 Q. Let's assume a heat transfer system that's 12 operating well below the boiling point of the 13 Aroclors contained within, let's say 400 degrees 14 Fahrenheit. If there was a leak in that system, 15 at a joint, or a connection, some type of pipe 16 leak, what would that leak -- how would that 17 leak manifest itself, in a liquid, a gas or 18 something else? 19 MR. LOHMAR: Objection, call for 20 speculation. 21 MR. KLINE: If you know. 22 A. Generally a leak in an active working heat 23 transfer system will manifest itself by, of 24 course it depends on the size of the leak, if 25 it's a little drip, you see the oil and maybe a TAYLOR & ASSOCIATES (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074483 2-122 1 wisp of vapor off it. If it's a stream that 2 squirts that fluid clear across the room, you're 3 going to see vapors coming off that stream and 4 liquid falling onto the floor or on the wall. 5 And as long as it's hot, you will see some 6 evidence of vapors. Does that help? 7 Q. It does. Would the amount of vapors increase as 8 the temperature increases, therefore, if you 9 reached close to the boiling point would you 10 expect to find more vapor? 11 A. Yes. 12 MR. KLINE: Off the record. 13 (Discussion off the record) 14 MR. KLINE: Back on the record. 15 Q. Reading through one of the technical bulletins 16 for use of Aroclors as a heat transfer fluid, I 17 noticed a recommendation of a filter at 18 temperatures above 600 degrees Fahrenheit. Do 19 you have any understanding of why that would be? 20 A. This relates to this carbonizing we talked about 21 earlier and the presence of particulate matter 22 now in the fluid and the filter serves to remove 23 it from the fluid, just as the filter in your 24 car removes solids from the oil that's 25 circulating through your car engine. The same TAYL0R & associates (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074484 2-123 1 principle. It's to keep the system clean so the 2 fluid performs better and does not deposit more 3 and more of this material back where the 4 transferring is taking place. 5 Q. I'm going to make an analogy that I understand 6 which is an automobile and the car filter. I 7 know when I change my car filter in my 8 automobile, I have to drain the fluid first or I 9 will lose it all. Is that the same case for 10 heat transfer systems? 11 MR. LOHMAR: Objection. 12 A. It depends on how it's designed. Some systems 13 are designed where you can isolate the filter 14 system by shutting off and having a loop around 15 it, take out the filter, put in a new filter and 16 reopen. So it depends really on the design. If 17 it isn't designed to make replacement that easy, 18 you're really -- what they do is try to get as 19 much of that fluid in the holding tank and what 20 little is still left in the pipeline is drained 21 into a container. The filter is changed and the 22 material that was collected is reintroduced into 23 the holding tank, the vent tank. 24 MR. LOHMAR: Off the record a second. 25 (Lunch recess.) TAYL0R & ASSOCIATES (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074485 2-124 1 MR. KLINE: Back on the record. 2 Q. Before lunch we concluded talking about how 3 temperature could affect the need to change 4 Aroclors in heat transfer fluid systems. Let's 5 talk quickly now about -- let's discuss now how 6 water contamination or moisture, first of all, 7 how it could get into a heat transfer system if 8 you know. 9 A. Well, of course, one way is when the system is 10 shut down and cooling, you get this effect of 11 reduction in vapor volume and the system is 12 sucking in air and the air does contain some 13 moisture. Of course, that moisture finds its 14 way into the system and depending, again, on how 15 long the system is idle and how long this 16 moisture has time to react with the steel 17 surfaces and all, you get iron rust forming 18 which can pose some problems eventually if this 19 is repeated often enough. A little bit doesn't 20 hurt but it's possible to reach a point where it 21 does become a problem. So that's one way 22 moisture gets into a system. Another is a 23 situation where there is some moisture in the 24 process which is being served by this heating 25 element, and if there is a failure between the TAYLOR & ASSOCIATES (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074486 2-125 1 metal surfaces separating the heating fluid from 2 the material being processed, moisture can enter 3 from the reverse direction. Again, this would 4 more normally happen when the system is idle for 5 some reason whether it's being worked on or 6 whether it's not needed any longer for the rest 7 of the period. That's the only suggestions that 8 come to mind at the present. 9 Q. How is it that the moisture affects the 10 usefulness of the Aroclors? 11 A. Well, primarily because it forms this iron rust 12 that I talked about, which is a -- in small 13 quantities doesn't really introduce any serious 14 problems other than a discoloration. But if you 15 get enough of it and if the system is a complex 16 design with sharp turns and corners, it 17 accumulates and these accumulating spots become 18 hot spots and they could cause some problems in 19 the way your unit is working. And it doesn't 2 0 perform efficiently any longer and sometimes it 2 1 requires shutting down and cleaning them out, 22 not only on the Aroclor side but also on the 23 process side. 24 Q. If Aroclors became so infiltrated by moisture as 25 to reduce the ability for a machine to reach TAYL0R & associates (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074487 2-126 1 temperature that were necessary would you need 2 to change those Aroclors or somehow purify them? 3 A. If it's reached the point where moisture is 4 affecting the ability of the PCBs to reach the 5 desired temperature, that would indicate an 6 awful lot of moisture because a little bit of 7 moisture can be driven off. A higher level 8 could create some problems in terms of driving 9 off that moisture to get steam pressure building 10 up, really, and it does affect performance. At 11 that point one can say open up the system and 12 just keep heating the Aroclors until they dry 13 out, which would create vapors in the 14 environment because the moisture is leaving 15 along with some PCB vapors. Unless you have a 16 condensing system, and then the condensing 17 system could also condense the water and bring 18 it back into the system, so it defeats the 19 purpose of this drying effect. Generally if 20 moisture does become a problem, it's best to buy 2 1 a fresh supply, drain the system entirely, dry 22 it out as much as you can. You may need a 23 solvent between the drain and the refill, and by 24 solvent, it should be something that isn't, of 25 course, explosive but at the same time will TAYLOR & ASSOCIATES (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074488 2-127 1 dissolve oily materials, something like maybe a 2 heavy kerosene, if carefully handled could do 3 the job. 4 Q. When you're talking about a solvent are you 5 talking about somehow flushing the system before 6 refilling the system? 7 A. I am, yes. 8 Q. Now, would it be true that the more often a 9 system is shut down, so to speak, the more 10 potential there would be for the infiltration of 11 moisture and the problems we talked about? 12 A. Yes. 13 Q. Would the fact that a boiler, and by boiler I'm 14 referring to the mechanism that heats the 15 Aroclors, would the fact that a boiler is 16 located out of doors, subject to a temperate 17 climate, temperature fluctuations from zero 18 Fahrenheit to 100 degrees Fahrenheit and the 19 fact that a system is shut on and off on a 20 regular basis, would that have any effect on the 2 1 useful life of the Aroclors? 22 A. I hear two questions; one is the fact that it's 23 located outdoors, does it affect, and the fact 24 that it's on and off does it affect. 25 Q. Right. TAYL0R & ASSOCIATES (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074489 2-128 1 A. The fact that it's outdoors should not affect. 2 In fact, that's the preferred location. This is 3 why you have heat transfer systems, to get the 4 source of ignition like gas and oil remote from 5 the use point so you don't have fires and 6 explosions. The fact that it's on and off 7 frequently is very apt to cause this breathing 8 phenomenon within the system sucking in moist 9 air, creating moisture problems, or when it's 10 breathing outwards releasing PCB type vapors, 11 which is undesirable as well. 12 Q. By undesirable you mean you would lose the fluid 13 from the system and have to replace it? 14 A. That's one undesirable feature, it's an economic 15 wasteful practice. The other one is the 16 introduction of an undesirable material in the 17 environment out the vent. 18 Q. In the 1960s was it considered undesirable to 19 have vapors from the Aroclors being released 20 into the environment? 21 MR. WARNING: Objection, undesirable 22 by whom? 23 MR. KLINE: I'm just using his own 24 term. 25 MR. WARNING: I'm still wondering, TAYLOR & ASSOCIATES (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074490 2-129 1 are you asking from Monsanto's perspective, from 2 the witness' perspective individually? 3 MR. KLINE: From, I mean the witness 4 is here as Monsanto's designee, so I would be 5 asking him in his capacity as corporate 6 designee. 7 MR. WARNING: You're asking as 8 Monsanto. 9 MR. KLINE: As Monsanto. 10 MR. LOHMAR: I'm going to object. I 11 find the term environment vague. 12 A. Monsanto always perceived the release of any 13 vapors of a chemical nature to be just not 14 desirable by high standards of industrial 15 performance really, and at that point in time it 16 was not perceived to be an environmental issue 17 based on the knowledge available at the time. 18 Q. But at the same time those systems which you 19 said optimally the boiler would be located 20 outside were designed so as to enable vapors to 2 1 escape if necessary? 22 A. If necessary, yes, sir. 2 3 Q. And it would be necessary to prevent, as you had 24 said, an explosion? 25 A. That's one reason, yes. TAYLOR & ASSOCIATES (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074491 2-130 1 Q. Would the type of material used to construct a 2 heat transfer system, and by that I'm referring 3 to the piping in particular, would that affect 4 in any way the useful life of the liquids 5 flowing through that system? 6 MR. LOHMAR: Could I have the 7 question read back, please? 8 (Question read.) 9 A. When you said heat transfer system, I'm assuming 10 you're using the full system from heat input to 11 use of that heat. 12 Q. You may assume that, yes. 13 A. When it comes to introducing heat into the 14 Aroclor, it really makes no difference whether 15 it's stainless steel or copper or plain old 16 steel, but over in the end use it depends on 17 what is it you're heating and does it react with 18 steel or with copper or with stainless steel. 19 So you have to make a selection of the material 20 dependent on what it will be exposed to 2 1 primarily at the heating end -- yeah, the heat 22 is used, not where the heat it inputted or 23 introduced. 24 Q. Did Aroclors need to be used soon after delivery 25 or did they have a long shelf life? TAYL0R & ASSOCIATES (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074492 2-131 1 A. They last forever. 2 MR. LOHMAR: As well we know. 3 Q. Now, we've been talking about the heat transfer 4 system use of Aroclors. Was that a type use 5 that Monsanto considered an easy entry use as 6 you had referred to earlier? 7 A. It was not categorized as such. 8 Q. Now, let's switch gears to air compressors. Let 9 me ask you, are you familiar with Aroclors being 10 used in air compressors at any time? 11 A. Yes, sir. 12 Q. In what way would they be used in air 13 compressors? What purpose did they serve? 14 A. It's primarily a lubricant to help the 15 compressor function smoothly without binding, 16 without overheating, and the Aroclor itself 17 would not be such that if overheating does 18 occur, it doesn't ignite. So you have this 19 flame resistance feature that is considered to 20 be a good feature for this use. 2 1 Q. Do you know whether any particular types of 22 Aroclors were best suited for use in air 23 compressors? 24 A. As I recall, it's the 1242 and 1248. 25 Q. Let's switch gears to my last subject matter TAYL0R & ASSOCIATES (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074493 2-132 1 concerning the industrial uses of Aroclors, and 2 that is as hydraulic fluids. Now, when we refer 3 to the use of Aroclors as hydraulic fluids, are 4 we suggesting that the Aroclors are mixed with 5 water which itself is the hydraulic fluid? 6 MR. LOHMAR: Objection. 7 A. I'm not aware of any use where water and PCBs or 8 Aroclors are blended. They don't blend. The 9 PCBs sink to the bottom and water floats. That 10 would not be a typical mixture. 11 Q. Let me give you an example and ask you whether 12 this would be atypical as well. A hydraulic 13 press is operated by a water -- a pressurized 14 water hydraulic system where there is a ram 15 underneath a press which pushes the what we call 16 the platens together to press material. Now, 17 can you think of a use of a hydraulic fluid 18 Aroclor to be mixed with that pressurized water 19 system? 20 A. I'm not aware of any reason for doing it that 2 1 way. 22 Q. Switching gears, we're going to talk about -- 23 pardon? 24 MR. LOHMAR: Or fluids as the case 25 may be. Go on. TAYLOR & ASSOCIATES (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074494 2-133 1 Q. We're going to talk a little bit about sales of 2 Aroclors. Again generally, as I had begun my 3 questioning, did the sales of Aroclors from the 4 time they were introduced till the time they 5 were discontinued in the very early 1970s, did 6 sales grow in any predictable pattern? 7 MR. LOHMAR: Objection. Are you 8 talking about any particular Aroclor or Aroclors 9 in general? 10 MR. KLINE: Aroclors in general. 11 A. Would you help me with the word "predictable"? 12 By whose predictions? 13 Q. Let me try to be clear. Just ask the first 14 question which is did the sales of Aroclors grow 15 from the time they were first introduced to the 16 time they were discontinued? 17 A. Yes. 18 Q. Now, was there a yearly percentage increase in 19 growth that was expected or reported by 20 Monsanto? 21 MR. LOHMAR: Objection. 22 A. The sales of PCB type products did increase 23 yearly. I'm not aware of what expectations 24 there might have existed through the years. I'm 25 led to believe from all I can gather that the TAYLOR & ASSOCIATES (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074495 2-134 1 business was a promising business. It was not a 2 major product line, but it was a respectable 3 business that blended well with other businesses 4 Monsanto had with many of the same customers. 5 So if you sell customer A product B and he also 6 buys Aroclors, great. So there was an 7 interaction. But nevertheless, the sale of PCBs 8 did climb at a steady rate rather reflecting the 9 general growth in the economy of the nation. It 10 didn't shoot up unexpectedly, it was a steady 11 gradual growth. 12 Q. Would you say that steady gradual growth 13 continued through the 1960s? 14 A. Yes. 15 Q. Did sales of Aroclors taper off to any extent 16 immediately prior to Monsanto sending notice in 17 early 1970 if you know? 18 A. I don't recall any tapering off. I just don't 19 believe it did. 2 0 Q. The first notice concerning the environment that 21 you testified to, as far as I understand, was 22 the 1969 notice to big users; is that correct? 2 3 A. That was the first written formal notification. 24 Q. Would you consider NVF to be one of those big 25 customers? TAYLOR & ASSOCIATES (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074496 2-135 1 A. No . 2 Q. Did, if you know, did sales taper off 3 immediately after that notice being sent? 4 A. No. 5 Q. By letter dated June 1, 1970, if you can picture 6 that, Monsanto stated it would discontinue the 7 manufacture and sale of PCB containing Aroclors 8 as of August 30, 1970; is that your 9 understanding? 10 A . Yes, sir. 11 Q. In that three-month window, do you know whether 12 the sales of Aroclors were affected? 13 A. The sale of the Aroclors in these immediate 14 release type applications jumped a bit, but I've 15 forgotten what percentage increase. There was 16 an increase where the customers were, in 17 essence, stockpiling for the future so they 18 could buy some time to find replacements. And 19 our notice in June with only two months' time, 20 didn't give them enough time to go doing any 2 1 searching or looking for alternatives so they 22 bought inventories to tide them over until they 23 could find the alternatives. 24 Q. Now, as of this date of August 30, 1970, is it 25 the case that Aroclor sales by Monsanto ceased TAYLOR & ASSOCIATES (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074497 2-136 1 entirely at that point? 2 A. The sales to the majority of those easy release 3 uses stopped on the 30th. There just wasn't 4 another pound shipped. The only exception was 5 the carbonless copy paper where the makers of 6 that paper just did not have an alternative and 7 they would have had to completely shut down. So 8 they received PCBs until they found an 9 alternative, which was about six months later. 10 Q. By letter dated December 31, 1971, Monsanto 11 stated that it would discontinue the manufacture 12 and sale of PCT containing Aroclors as of March 13 31, 1972; do you recall that? 14 A. Yes, Ido. 15 Q. Again, within that three-month window, do you 16 recall whether the volume of PCT containing 17 Aroclors was affected? 18 A. Not noticeably. 19 Q. But sales occurred at the same rate, then, as 20 prior to that notice? 2 1 A. Correct. 22 Q. Now, at the date of March 31, 1972, would that 23 be a date where the sale of PCT containing 24 Aroclors ceased entirely? 25 A. Yes. _________________ (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074498 2-137 1 Q. Now, were PCB containing Aroclors sold to the 2 government? 3 A. Yes. 4 Q. Where there any standards setting organizations 5 which used Aroclors as a standardized product 6 for a particular industrial manufacturing use? 7 A. I'm not aware of the use of the word "standard" 8 as it would apply to Aroclors in any 9 application. There were criteria established, 10 for example, by the Underwriters Laboratories, 11 Factory Mutual regarding flash points, explosion 12 limits, and the like. But PCBs were not 13 mentioned as specifics that would meet those 14 standards. 15 Q. What's Factory Mutual? 16 A. Well, I understood this was an insurance related 17 activity running a laboratory in which they 18 conducted tests, standard tests for evaluating 19 proposed materials, equipment and the like. 20 Q. And is it your testimony that they would have 2 1 been running tests on Aroclors as well? 22 A. They did run some tests regarding Aroclors and 2 3 their fire resistance. 24 Q. Was their testing expected to be shared with the 25 insurance industry? TAYLOR & ASSOCIATES (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074499 2-138 1 MR. LOHMAR: Objection, move to 2 strike. 3 A. That I don't know. 4 MR. WARNING: I'll object. There is 5 absolutely no foundation that he has any 6 knowledge of that area. That's outside the 7 scope of this subpoena. 8 MR. LOHMAR: I also have no idea what 9 you mean by the insurance industry. 10 MR. KLINE: I withdraw the question. 11 Q. Were PCT containing Aroclors discontinued by 12 Monsanto because they were being detected in the 13 environment or because there were alternatives 14 that didn't contain PCT? 15 A. PCTs were not detected in the environment. 16 There were alternative materials available to 17 perform reasonably well for the uses that the 18 PCTs were involved in and Monsanto decided to 19 discontinue the availability of a chlorine 20 containing hydrocarbon which the PCTs were, 21 based on their experience with the PCBs. And 22 they decided as long as there is an alternative 23 material, let's get out of this business. 24 Q. Asking you to take a look again at what had 25 previously been marked as exhibit -- let's go TAYL0R & ASSOCIATES (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074500 2-139 1 off the record. 2 (Discussion off the record) 3 MR. KLINE: Back on the record. 4 Q. Placing in front of you what's been previously 5 marked as Exhibit 3, ask you first to take a 6 look at document No. 41, 42. 7 A. I have scanned the two pages mentioned. 8 Q. That document refers to an attached letter to 9 all Aroclor customers that Monsanto was 10 intending to send around February 27; correct? 11 A. It does. 12 MR. LOHMAR: Could you repeat that 13 question, please? 14 Q. That letter which is NVF 41 - 15 MR. LOHMAR: I would like to have the 16 court reporter read it. I would like the court 17 reporter to repeat it unless you're asking it 18 again. 19 (Question read) 20 A. I didn't realize I was asked a question. 21 Q. Mr. Papageorge, is that document that is said to 22 be attached the document that is numbered NVF 44 23 and 45? 24 A. It is. 25 Q. Now, turning to 44, the last paragraph beginning TAYL0R & ASSOCIATES (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074501 2-140 1 two states: PCBs with a chlorine content of 2 less than 54 percent have not been found in the 3 environment and appear to present no potential 4 problem to the environment. Do you see that? 5 A. Ido. 6 Q. And yet we know that the sale of Aroclor 1248, 7 which is an Aroclor with a chlorine content of 8 less than 54 percent was discontinued in August 9 of 1970; correct? 10 A. Correct. 11 Q. Was Aroclor 1248 found in the environment prior 12 to its discontinuance or was it that an 13 alternative existed to 1248, being the PCT 14 containing Aroclors? 15 A. 1248, as of these dates we talked about, had not 16 been identified in environmental samples. The 17 fact that there were some alternative materials 18 available for the uses that were discontinued 19 August 30 of 1970, helped lead to the decision 20 to discontinue all PCBs irrespective of whether 2 1 the analyst was seeing it in samples or not. 22 Q. Do you know when, if at all, Monsanto determined 23 that Aroclor 1248 was being found in the 24 environment? 25 A. By the end of 1970, our laboratories at Monsanto TAYLQR & ASS0CIATES (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074502 2-141 1 and others, the government labs and the like, 2 had found evidence of the other PCBs, including 3 1248, in samples taken near industrial sites, 4 near the possible sources. They had also begun 5 to arrive at the understanding that what could 6 start out as a 1248 is now being seen by an 7 analytical chemist as 54 and that's what we were 8 reporting early on in the 1968, '69 period. So 9 the inference was developing that this 1254 that 10 was being reported could well have started out 11 as these other Aroclors. But rather than wait 12 for the definite proofs to come in, which would 13 take years, decided to stop selling to those 14 open uses to avoid any possibility that that is 15 really the source. 16 Q. I understood your testimony to say that at the 17 end of the 1970s there was knowledge being 18 gained by Monsanto that 1248 was being found in 19 the environment; is that correct? 20 A. There were a few samples taken from Monsanto 2 1 plants and a few of the other customer plants 22 that used the 1242 and 1248, and those samples 23 taken near that plant from the soil or from the 24 rain wash outs and so on from the plant site, so 25 that showed that the 42 and 48 percent materials _________________ (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074503 2-142 1 could be out there. But they may not be in the 2 pine trees in Sweden, but they're next door kind 3 of conclusion was being reached. 4 MR. DAVIDSON: What was the time 5 period you stated? 6 MR. KLINE: Off the record. 7 (Discussion off the record) 8 MR. KLINE: Back on the record. 9 Q. The time period that I was interested in is when 10 Monsanto is becoming aware that Aroclor 1248 was 11 being found in the environment after - 12 MR. DAVIDSON: In your predicate to 13 your last question I thought you said something 14 different than what he said. 15 MR. WARNING: So did I. 16 MR. DAVIDSON: You said late '70s; 17 that's not what he said. 18 MR. WARNING: I thought you said, Mr. 19 Papageorge, it was late 1970, the year 1970. 2 0 A. You said '70s; I meant 1970. 21 MR. WARNING: You meant the year, not 22 the decade? 23 THE WITNESS: Correct. 24 Q. (By Mr. Kline) So turning back to 44 where the 25 statement is made to a customer that PCBs with a TAYL0R & ASSOCIATES (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074504 2-14 3 1 chlorine content of less than 54 percent have 2 not been found in the environment and appear to 3 present no potential problem to the environment, 4 at least at the February 19, 1970, date, it is 5 true that Aroclor 1248 was not known by Monsanto 6 to be found in the environment? 7 A. That is true. 8 Q. And is it your testimony that later in that year 9 Monsanto was becoming aware that 1248 could be 10 persistent in the environment because it could 11 have been biodegrading into 1254? 12 A. That was the understanding that was evolving 13 from the limited samples they had by the end of 14 that year, 1970. 15 Q. Was that knowledge that we just talked about 16 communicated by notice to Monsanto customers? 17 A. Not by written notice. It was relayed by the 18 marketing people in their contacts, whether it 19 be by phone and by personal visits in their 20 update of the environmental issue, that was the 2 1 major piece of information that was transmitted 22 as best I remember, October through December of 23 '70. 24 Q. Did those marketing people speak with the 25 ultimate users, even though those users (314) taylor & ASSOCIATES 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074505 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 2-144 purchased through an indirect customer of Monsanto such as American Mineral Spirits Company? A. The intent was that they would speak to all of the customers assigned to them. Now, I cannot speak specifically for American Mineral Spirits and its customers. It was up to the field man to decide with American Mineral Spirits who's going to talk to who. They may have divided the workload or American Mineral Spirits may have said, we will handle all of these and went to it. Q. So is it your testimony that there was an effort by Monsanto to provide notice to the end users that Aroclor 1248 was, in fact, also appearing to present a potential problem to the environment? A. For that particular message, but it's just a continuation of the ongoing PCB environmental issue. As part of an update every so many months, this type of communication would take place. Q. Can you say whether Monsanto would have communicated that directly to NVF Company? A. I cannot. TAYLOR & ASSOCIATES (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074506 2-145 1 Q. Generally, without again going into the specific 2 applications, what -- scratch that question. 3 What products competed with Monsanto's Aroclors 4 used as heat transfer fluids, let's say in the 5 1960s if you know? 6 MR. LOHMAR: Do you include water in 7 that characterization? 8 MR. KLINE: No. 9 MR. LOHMAR: Objection, vague; 10 talking about what commercially available 11 products did they purchase as a substitute for 12 Aroclors? 13 MR. KLINE: Yes. 14 MR. WARNING: I'll object. Again, 15 you're getting off the scope of the subpoena of 16 this deposition. 17 MR. KLINE: I think it's certainly 18 relevant to know what alternative products were 19 available other than Aroclors for this use. 20 MR. WARNING: Again, it's not in the 21 subpoena, but let's move along. I don't want to 22 be here forever. 23 A. Products that were used in heat transfer systems 24 were primarily of mineral oil source. I am not 25 personally aware of any material that is fire TAYLQR & ASSOCIATES (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074507 2-146 1 resistant that was sold specifically as a heat 2 transfer fluid unless, of course we excluded 3 water, so I just don't remember any material 4 that has this fire resistant characteristic that 5 competed with Monsanto's Aroclors. 6 Q. Now, prior to 1970, did Monsanto work on 7 developing a substitute for Aroclors that did 8 not contain PCBs? 9 A. No. 10 Q. Switching gears again, let's talk about sales to 11 NVF or American Mineral Spirits as an indirect 12 customer of Monsanto who supplied NVF. We 13 looked at a series of summary sheets which was 14 marked as Exhibit 25. I would ask you again to 15 take a look at that document. 16 A. I have it. 17 Q. Now, document 2 which is 00002? 18 A. I have it. 19 Q. Does that indicate a sale of Aroclor to NVF 20 Company? 21 A. This indicates a forecast of five, which 22 apparently was not realized during that year 23 since there is no figure as to what was the - 24 what deliveries were made each month. 25 Q. Is there any indication that there were sales of TAYLOR & ASSOCIATES (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074508 2-147 1 product to NVF Company from 1964 through and 2 including 1969 on the documents that you have in 3 front of you, Exhibit 25? 4 MR. DAVIDSON: What years? 5 MR. KLINE: '64 through and including 6 '69 . 7 MR. LOHMAR: Objection, documents 8 speak for themselves. 9 A. On the document NVF 3, there is a summary for 10 the year 1964 of one of the heat transfer 11 Aroclors, zero pounds with an asterisk, and the 12 asterisk indicates that it was less than 500 13 pounds, the implication being that in that year 14 a delivery was made to an unknown location of 15 NVF of a small amount of material which would 16 imply a topping off of a system. 17 Q. Apart from the sale within the period that I 18 have given you, were there any other sales? 19 A. There are no other sales available from the 20 records. 2 1 Q. Now, you had talked a little bit about how the 22 records may not be complete. 23 A. That's right, for the years 1954 to 1977. 24 Q. Is there any reason to think that the records 25 would be incomplete after the 1963 time period TAYL0R & ASS0CIATES (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074509 2-148 1 owing to the fact that there was details given 2 prior to that year? 3 MR. LOHMAR: Objection. 4 A. By the '60s the system in place and the 5 procedure followed was pretty well established 6 as distinguished from what existed in 1950s. So 7 I personally believe the '60s and '70s data more 8 than I did the '50s data as reflecting more 9 accurate information. 10 Q. You testified, I believe, that based upon 11 document 2, which is part of Exhibit 25, NVF 12 Company would have shown up on a Monsanto 13 customer list; is that correct? 14 A. Based on document 2 -- 15 Q. Yes. 16 A. -- it would show on a list. Yes, sir, it would 17 normally show on a list active and in use on or 18 about that time period. 19 Q. Now, for purposes of determining when NVF 2 0 Company would have been dropped from that 21 customer list due to inactivity, on what date 22 should we start counting? 23 MR. LOHMAR: Objection. 24 MR. KLINE: Basis? 25 MR. LOHMAR: Speculation. TAYLOR & ASSOCIATES (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074510 2-149 1 MR. KLINE: If you know. 2 MR. LOHMAR: Same objection. 3 A. I don't know specifically for NVF, but I can 4 share with you the practice that was normally 5 followed. In most cases generally throughout 6 Monsanto's marketing, when they reviewed their 7 lists, and this varied from product to product 8 and from manager to manager, but when he had the 9 check on this, a review of his customer list, he 10 would certainly pick up those customers that 11 received any amount of material for the three 12 years prior to the review date, three full 13 years. And then he would make every effort to 14 add to that list those who did not purchase but 15 they were aware through their marketing team 16 that there were still systems in use, such as 17 apartment buildings heated with PCBs that don't 18 take much attention and they hadn't purchased 19 anything because they didn't need anything, but 20 the stuff was still there, so they would include 21 that type of customer on that list. So they 22 would pick up about two more years back. And 2 3 then they would also pick the very exceptional, 24 the type of situation where to them it meant 25 either a very important customer or a customer ________________ (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074511 2-150 1 they may have lost that they hoped to get back 2 again. This was a judgment call on his part. 3 So as a minimum, to summarize, the minimum is 4 three years for sure and any other situations 5 that the manager felt were important to him and 6 his business. 7 Q. Now, for purposes of counting those three plus 8 two years, would we begin on the date reflected 9 on NVF 2 which is part of Exhibit 25 even though 10 there was no sale made on that date or would we 11 go back to the date of the last sale? 12 A. You're talking about, now, say, 1966? 13 Q. Correct. 14 A. An example is your 1966, this manager has a 15 customer list of the product 1254. The fact 16 that NVF Wilmington purchased or didn't purchase 17 anything in 1965, brings it to the forefront in 18 terms of do we add them to our list or not and 19 based on what else he knows about Wilmington and 2 0 NVF he may or may not have NVF on his list. 2 1 Q. Is there any reason to think that NVF would be 22 on that list in February of 1970? 23 MR. LOHMAR: Objection. 24 MR. WARNING: Objection. 25 A. Is there any reason? TAYL0R & ASSOCIATES (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074512 2-151 1 Q. To think that NVF would be on that list in 2 February of 1970? 3 A. I would be very surprised if they were, based on 4 this document. 5 Q. Correct. 6 A. There is other information. 7 MR. LOHMAR: Let the record reflect 8 the witness is holding up as "this document" 9 Bates numbers one and - 10 THE WITNESS: Bates numbers one and 11 two. 12 Q. What other documents would suggest to you that 13 NVF would have been on a customer list, let's 14 say, in February of 1970? 15 A. I'm looking at Exhibit 25, page NVF 21, for 16 example. I see nothing here that would assure 17 me that NVF would be on a customer notification 18 list in 1970 from Monsanto direct. 19 Q. Correct, and I appreciate that clarification. 20 Let's then just switch gears for a moment. Do 21 you recall that in the February, 1970, notice 22 Monsanto requested its indirect customers to 23 provide notice to their customers? 24 A. I do. 25 Q. The letter does not suggest to the indirect TAYLOR & ASSOCIATES (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074513 2-152 1 customers how far back they're supposed to go in 2 their customer list; correct? 3 A. It does not. 4 Q. Do you know whether Monsanto communicated with 5 their indirect customers concerning how far back 6 they should go and whether that was as far as 7 Monsanto was going? 8 A. We shared with the distributors represented by 9 companies such as American Mineral Spirits our 10 approach and recommended strongly that they do 11 the same thing. And we even composed, as I 12 recall, a sample letter for them. 13 Q. Do you have any knowledge of how American 14 Mineral Spirits Company conducted its own 15 search? 16 A. I have no knowledge other than I was assured it 17 was all done. 18 Q. Do you know whether they -- scratch that. By 19 stating that you were assured that it was all 20 done, is that to say that you were assured that 21 they searched their records as far back as 22 Monsanto was searching its own? 2 3 A. That was the understanding I was left with. 24 Q. So therefore, if Monsanto -- if there is no 25 reason to think NVF was on a customer list of TAYLOR & ASSOCIATES (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074514 2-153 1 Monsanto in the 1970s, is there any reason to 2 think that they would be on a customer list of, 3 let's say, American Mineral Spirits at the same 4 time? 5 MR. LOHMAR: Objection, calls for 6 speculation. 7 MR. WARNING: Objection. 8 MS. SITARSKI: Objection, lack of 9 foundation. 10 MR. LOHMAR: Calls for speculation. 11 A. If NVF purchased anything from American Mineral 12 Spirits that contained Monsanto Aroclor in that 13 three to five-year period, I would be very 14 surprised if they didn't get some notification. 15 Q. The records we have from Monsanto indicate no 16 sales of Aroclors in the three to five-year 17 period prior to February of 1970; correct? 18 MR. LOHMAR: Objection. 19 MR. WARNING: Objection. 20 A. The records show no sales from Monsanto to NVF 21 at any of its locations. It does not reflect 22 anything regarding Monsanto to American Mineral 23 Spirits, American Mineral Spirits to NVF. I 24 don't have that information. 25 Q. Let's briefly talk on the subject of technical ; TAYLOR & ASSOCIATES (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074515 2-154 1 bulletins and how Monsanto distributed those. 2 Now, did Monsanto use the customer lists or the 3 customer list, I should say, that would have 4 been generated including NVF -- let me strike 5 that question and try to rephrase it. Where a 6 customer was purchasing its product -- strike 7 that, too. Where a user was purchasing Aroclors 8 through one of Monsanto's indirect customers, 9 such as a distributor, American Mineral Spirits, 10 would it be Monsanto's -- would it be Monsanto's 11 procedure to mail the technical bulletins 12 directly to the user bypassing the distributor 13 or would the technical bulletins go to 14 distributors? 15 MR. WARNING: Objection, that's been 16 asked and answered, but go ahead. 17 MR. LOHMAR: Also object to the form 18 of the question. I think you're confusing 19 direct and indirect. 20 MR. KLINE: If you don't understand 21 the question, I'll be happy to rephrase it. 22 A. I understand the question, but if Monsanto did 23 not have the name and address of the potential 24 user, there is no way they could have sent 25 literature. In other words, they're not even TAYLOR & ASSOCIATES (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074516 2-155 1 aware the discussion is going on out there. If 2 on the other hand they got a telephone call from 3 American Mineral Spirit and they said, hey, we 4 got a customer up here interested and we ran out 5 of bulletins, would you mind sending them, they 6 do that. Or American Mineral Spirits may well 7 have said, send us a collection of those, we ran 8 out and we have to send it to our customers. It 9 may be NVF or ABC Company and so on. So there 10 are many possible ways in which this information 11 could get to that eventual user of Monsanto's 12 products. 13 Q. I guess my question is more, would technical 14 bulletins automatically have been sent to users 15 of Aroclors even though those users purchased 16 through indirect customers such as distributors? 17 A. If Monsanto had their name and address, they 18 would get it. 19 Q. So essentially Monsanto would be sending 20 material directly to a user even though that 2 1 user was not Monsanto's customer? 22 MR. LOHMAR: Objection, ambiguous. 23 A. That is possible, like I said, if Monsanto had a 24 name and address that says this customer uses 25 our product Aroclor 1248, and a bulletin was TAYL0R & associates (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074517 2-156 1 just printed revising the old bulletin, that 2 name and address would be on the mailing list. 3 MR. LOHMAR: Are you done with your 4 answer? 5 THE WITNESS: Yes. 6 MR. LOHMAR: Would you please repeat 7 the question? 8 (Question read) 9 MR. LOHMAR: I'm going to object to 10 the question. I know I'm objecting late because 11 Mr. Papageorge did a good job of answering the 12 question. I don't want there to be any 13 confusion. Mr. Papageorge has testified that 14 users, if known to Monsanto, are considered 15 Monsanto's customers. Therefore, I think your 16 phrasing of your question is somewhat 17 ambiguous. Just to clarify, this is a situation 18 where the bill to and ship to are different and 19 Mr. Papageorge has testified again and again 20 that if the billed to and shipped to are 2 1 different, Monsanto considered them both to be 22 Monsanto customers for the purpose of these 2 3 mai1ings. 24 MR. KLINE: Let me rephrase my 25 question. (314) taylor & ASSOCIATES 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074518 2-157 1 Q. Without American Mineral Spirits asking Monsanto 2 to send a technical bulletin to one of the 3 American Mineral Spirits' customers, would 4 Monsanto automatically ship technical bulletins 5 to that customer of American Mineral Spirits 6 Company? 7 MR. LOHMAR: Objection. 8 A. They wouldn't know that customer was out there 9 interested. Where would they get his name and 10 address? 11 Q. If they had the name and address because, for 12 instance on Exhibit 2 -- Exhibit 25, Page 2, 13 there is an indication of NVF Company, 14 Wilmington, would that, therefore, cause 15 Monsanto automatically to ship that customer a 16 technical bulletin? 17 MR. LOHMAR: Objection, asked and 18 answered. 19 MS. SITARSKI: Objection, asked and 20 answered. 2 1 A. Yes, this is an example of the ship to bill to, 22 two names, two entities involved with one 23 shipment. In order for Monsanto to be sure it's 24 communicating, it addresses both of those names 25 with a new bulletin that came out on or about _________________ (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074519 2-158 1 the time. The fact that that name appears in 2 1965 does not mean that that same address and 3 name appears on a list that we're looking at in 4 1970. It may or may not have been picked up, 5 but in the year 1965, '66, yes, they would have 6 gotten revisions of a bulletin that relates to 7 that product. 8 Q. And you said may or may not have been picked 9 up. You previously testified that you would 10 have been surprised that Monsanto would be 11 included on that customer list in 1970? 12 MR. LOHMAR: I believe you mean NVF 13 was included. 14 Q. Was included in on that list in 1970? 15 A. Yes, because of the amount of material involved 16 here, it would not have been perceived as a 17 major end user. And the fact that no material 18 was shipped to them for an extended period of 19 time would reinforce the thought that this may 20 not be an appropriate piece of communication. 2 1 Q. Just so I understand your prior answer, is it 22 your testimony that Monsanto would as a matter 23 of business practice if it had the name of an 24 indirect customer's customer, such as NVF, and 25 the address, that automatically without a TAYL0R & ASSOCIATES (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074520 2-159 1 request by that indirect customer send technical 2 bulletins to the end user? 3 MR. WARNING: Asked and answered 4 several times. I don't know why you keep doing 5 this, but let's go forward. 6 A. If that shipment and recording of that 7 information occurred within this three-year 8 period I talked about, where you automatically 9 show up on a mailing list, that customer, in 10 this case NVF, would have received any notices, 11 bulletins and the like. 12 Q. So I guess now from listening to your answer, I 13 guess my question really is, for purposes of 14 sending out technical bulletins as distinguished 15 from sending out notices in the early 1970s of 16 PCB contamination or problems with the 17 environment, was the same process used to 18 determine who to ship the material to? 19 MR. WARNING: Objection, asked and 20 answered. 2 1 A. Ship the material -- 22 Q. Ship the notification or technical bulletin to? 2 3 A. The same process was followed. 24 Q. By looking at 2, one more time which is part of 25 Exhibit 25, by virtue of the entry of NVF TAYLOR & ASSOCIATES (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074521 2-160 1 Company, Wilmington, is there any indication 2 that that company's mailing address was also 3 known and on record at Monsanto? 4 A. At this point in time? 5 Q. At this point in time? 6 A. Yes. 7 Q. So that was just dropped off on this print? 8 MR. LOHMAR: What was dropped off? 9 MR. KLINE: The address. 10 MR. LOHMAR: Talking about the street 11 address? 12 MR. KLINE: Uh-huh. 13 A. None of them have the specific mailing address. 14 They have a reference and then they have, I 15 think it's an Addressograph code of some sort, 16 the old time recording system where they could 17 go to that number and find the mailing address. 18 Q. Let's talk a little bit more about technical 19 bulletins and which technical bulletins would be 20 sent to which direct customers, indirect 21 customers, end users. Was a conscious effort 22 made on the part of Monsanto to send those 23 technical bulletins that were relevant to the 24 use to which the Aroclors were being put by the 25 direct customer, indirect customer, or user? TAYLOR & ASSOCIATES (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074522 2-161 1 MS. SITARSKI: Objection, compound, 2 asked and answered, vague. 3 MR. WARNING: Asked and answered. 4 MR. KLINE: Asked and answered by 5 myself? 6 MR. WARNING: My objection is I've 7 asked him those questions and he's answered 8 them. 9 MR. KLINE: The New Jersey rules 10 allow me to ask the questions you've asked. The 11 asked and answered objection doesn't apply to 12 different counsel. 13 MR. LOHMAR: Can you cite that rule? 14 MR. KLINE: Paul Pantino (phonetic) 15 cited it to me in a deposition three months ago. 16 MR. WARNING: So you don't personally 17 know this rule at this time. 18 MR. KLINE: No, I'm relying on Paul 19 Pantino's representation to me. 20 MR. LOHMAR: This is a situation 21 where we have a third-party witness testifying 22 in an out of state deposition and we're now 23 almost at the end of the second day, and we're 24 only asking you, Counsel, to avoid if possible 25 to avoid asking questions that have already been TAYLOR & ASSOCIATES (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074523 2-162 1 answered. And I don't think this witness has 2 changed his testimony in any way and I think at 3 this point you're over exerting and to a certain 4 extent harassing a third-party witness toward 5 the end of the second day of the deposition. 6 Q. (By Mr. Kline) I apologize. Are you sensing 7 that I'm harassing you, because if you are, I 8 will define - 9 A. I don't sense harassment, sir. I try to answer 10 the guestion as I understand it and I don't know 11 the legalistic ramifications of all this. I 12 just try to answer questions when I'm supposed 13 to answer them. 14 MR. KLINE: I will move on. 15 MR. DAVIDSON: It is three o'clock. 16 Q. But the pending question, was that one you could 17 answer, because I would like to have an answer 18 to that and move on. 19 A. I could give you my answer if it's appropriate. 20 As I recall the question was was the procedure 2 1 Monsanto used to send out technical bulletins 2 2 and literature of all kinds on the products 23 based on the use of the products, as I recall 24 the question. 25 Q. Correct. TAYL0R & ASSOCIATES (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074524 2-163 1 A. Technical bulletins are initially issued to a 2 known customer, either a direct one or indirect 3 one, known to Monsanto when the interest is 4 exhibited in that product and make certain when 5 they get their first shipment they already have 6 the information in hand. When the information 7 bulletins, product brochures, whatever you want 8 to call them are revised, the latest mailing 9 address is consulted in terms of what product 10 was shipped. So it's product oriented more than 11 use oriented. Now, if there is a bulletin 12 describing use of Aroclors, and many Aroclors 13 are listed, all of the customers of all of those 14 Aroclors get that copy whether they're 15 interested in the full document or just a 16 paragraph in it. That's handled that way. For 17 those situations where we do not know where that 18 shipment went because it went through companies 19 like American Mineral Spirits, we have to rely 20 on American Mineral Spirits. There is no other 21 way we would know. And many times American 22 Mineral Spirits would not share that information 23 with us because they don't want to lose that 24 customer. I think that's the real world, so we 25 have to rely on them. And as I understood it, TAYLOR & ASSOCIATES (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074525 2-164 1 the product when it's received by American 2 Mineral Spirits is his product. Ownership 3 changes FOB Monsanto shipping dock, as I recall, 4 so it's his product and we try to select 5 distributors that are responsible people and 6 understand these things. And when we issued 7 guidance to them, they in every case that we 8 know of, listened to it, they abided by it. So 9 we did try as best we could to supply the known 10 users of Monsanto's products with the 11 information, with the new information. 12 Q. Information relating to the products that they 13 used or the applications to which they put them? 14 A. Whatever was appropriate. 15 Q. Now, if you recall from the first day of 16 testimony there were several notices in the '70s 17 sent out by different groups or divisions at 18 Monsanto; is that correct? 19 A. That is correct. 20 Q. Would it be fair to say that likewise those 2 1 notices would have been intended to be sent to 22 the customers or users that were using the 23 particular product related to that group or 24 division or applying a product in a way related 25 to that division's work? TAYLOR & ASSOCIATES (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074526 2-165 1 A. Eventually, the end user, the person who has the 2 material on his site or in his product, would 3 get the information. 4 Q. Is there any reason to think that Monsanto - 5 that NVF or American Mineral Spirits Company, 6 let's talk about NVF. Is there any reason to 7 think that assuming that NVF received a 8 notification directly from Monsanto, that they 9 would have received a notification relating to 10 any use other than plasticizer use? 11 MR. LOHMAR: Objection. 12 A. You said assuming they received? 13 Q. Maybe it would be easier if I used a document. 14 Is that question confusing to you? 15 MR. LOHMAR: I think it's confusing. 16 I thought all the letters Mr. Papageorge was 17 shown the first day were created to address 18 certain users of certain products based on the 19 type of Aroclor that that person had been 2 0 shipped, and not the use to which that person 21 used that Aroclor. In other words, it wasn't as 22 though they shipped it to plasticizers and then 23 they shipped it to paint people, et cetera, they 24 shipped it to 1248 and 1254, etc. That was my 25 understanding, so I think the question is TAYL0R & ASSOCIATES (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074527 2-166 1 confusing. 2 Q. Let me ask it this way. Do you have any reason 3 to think that any notice other than a notice 4 from Mr. Schalk, director of sales, plasticizers 5 would have been sent to NVF Company? 6 A. I do. 7 MR. LOHMAR: At any time? Could I 8 hear that question back? 9 MR. KLINE: At any time? 10 A. At any time or at this point in time? You 11 mentioned Mr. Schalk. That's early 1970s? 12 Q. Correct. 13 A. In early 1970, I don't have any information that 14 would lead me to believe that they would have 15 received a similar notification because of the 16 use of the Pydraul F-9 because they hadn't 17 purchased Pydraul F-9 since 1963. And that 18 represents a seven-year lapse in time. There is 19 no reason to believe that they would still have 20 been on the Pydraul F-9 mailing list. 21 MR. KLINE: Off the record a second. 22 (Brief recess.) 23 MR. KLINE: Back on the record. 24 Q. Mr. Papageorge, have you had a moment to look 25 over document 18, Page 114, 115, 116? TAYL0R & associates (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074528 2-167 1 A. As well as 117. 2 Q. 117 is not necessary for my questions. 3 A. Yes, I have. 4 Q. From looking at this document can you determine 5 the use to which NVF was putting its Aroclors 6 that it had purchased? 7 MR. LOHMAR: By this document, you're 8 referring to 114? 9 MR. KLINE: 114, 115, and 116. 10 MR. LOHMAR: I object because I think 11 they're separate documents. 12 MR. KLINE: I suggest that you read 13 the results portion of the memo. 14 A. By reading the limited information here, I am 15 left with an impression that the material is 16 used in one of the products to inhibit 17 flammability. 18 Q. And would that be a plasticizer use as we've 19 been using that term? 20 A. That's a very typical plasticizer use, yes. 21 MR. LOHMAR: I'm going to object to 22 both questions on the grounds documents speak 23 for themselves. 24 Q. Who was it at Monsanto that was responsible for 25 providing notice to plasticizer users -- TAYLQR & associates (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074529 2-168 1 plasticizer Aroclor users? 2 A. Mr. Schalk. 3 Q. Now, to follow up on the prior question which 4 was do you have any reason to think that any 5 notice was received by NVF other than from Mr. 6 Schalk in the plasticizer group, you've already 7 mentioned you had no reason to think Pydraul 8 notice was received. Is there any reason to 9 think any other notice was received? 10 MR. WARNING: Objection. 11 A. The fact that Aroclor 1254 is mentioned in this 12 exhibit coupled with the lack of shipping data 13 from previous exhibits in the period '65 to '77 14 here, implies strongly that they were getting 15 Aroclor 1254 from someone else. The change to 16 Aroclor 6062 was a recent change, by recent I 17 mean in nineteen -- after the discontinuation of 18 PCBs to the open end uses, and that shipment was 19 made direct from Monsanto to NVF, this is how 20 they got on the list and this is how Monsanto 2 1 field salesmen got involved. 22 Q. First of all, you said that these documents 23 imply they were getting Aroclors from someone 24 else. Is that to say that perhaps their 25 manufacturing operation -- is that to the ______________ (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074530 2-169 1 exclusion of the fact that perhaps their 2 manufacturing operation changed for a period and 3 they had no need for Aroclors? 4 MR. LOHMAR: Objection. 5 Q. Do you know whether -- we should get an answer 6 before I ask the next question. 7 A. I'm a bit confused by the question, but the 8 reference to Aroclor 6062 being an alternative 9 for Aroclor 1254, as a flame resistant 10 ingredient in NVF's product implies that up to 11 that point where 6062 was introduced they were 12 using Aroclor 1254. The absence of any 13 shipments from Monsanto to NVF strongly implies 14 that Aroclor 1254 was obtained from a 15 distributor of Monsanto instead of directly from 16 Monsanto's warehouse, and that Aroclor 1254 was 17 also used as the flame retardant in that same 18 product, same type of product. 19 Q. Are you saying that the sales summaries that 20 we've been looking at in Exhibit 25 are sales 2 1 not from a distributor to NVF but from Monsanto 22 directly to NVF? 23 A. Correct. 24 Q. Of the technical bulletins that you've looked at 25 during your deposition, do any of them prior to TAYL0R & ASSOCIATES (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074531 2-170 1 1970 contain any indication of an environmental 2 concern relating to the use of Aroclors? 3 A. They do not. 4 Q. Do any of them recommend a manner of disposal of 5 Aroclors? 6 A. They do not. 7 Q. Was Monsanto performing any type of 8 biodegradation testing on Aroclors at any point 9 before 1968? 10 A. No. 11 Q. And why not? 12 A. There was no known reason for asking the 13 question are they degradable or not. This was 14 not a common test for industrial chemicals, so 15 it would not have been a routine activity. 16 There was just nothing known to raise that kind 17 of question. 18 Q. Would it be fair to say that Monsanto assumed 19 that Aroclors would biodegrade prior to 1968? 20 A. Not necessarily, because Aroclors were perceived 21 to be very stable unreactive chemicals and as a 22 result they were perceived to be so unreactive 23 they were, and we've used the expression many 24 times, like pebbles on the beach. Unless you 25 stub your toe on them, they don't do any harm. TAYL0R & ASSOCIATES (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074532 2-171 1 They're there. 2 Q. So Monsanto had no reason to think they would 3 cause any harm in the 1960s? 4 A. That is the understanding of the time, yes. 5 Q. When we say Aroclors persist in the environment, 6 could Aroclor 1248 persist in the environment 7 for, say, 40 years? 8 A. Yes, and it depends really on the conditions to 9 which it's exposed. 10 MR. WARNING: I want to go back to 11 your question before this last one. I think, 12 Paul, you said Monsanto didn't know anything 13 about the -- something about -- maybe we should 14 have the court reporter read the question back, 15 something about the effects on the environment 16 in the 1960s, was that what you said? 17 MR. KLINE: Yes. 18 MR. WARNING: I think that 19 mischaracterizes his prior testimony by labeling 20 it the whole decade of the 1960s. 2 1 Q. Should we carve out any particular years 22 concerning Monsanto's knowledge of PCBs being at 2 3 all harmful to the environment in the '60s? 24 A. In late '68, '69 there were allegations of a 25 perceived harm. There was more evidence of its (314) taylor & ASSOCIATES 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074533 2-172 1 presence in the environment as distinguished 2 from the effect on the environment. So even as 3 of late '69 there were some major question marks 4 regarding the effect. 5 Q. Have all those questions been answered today? 6 A. The early allegations that related to the 7 inability of the pelican to reproduce off of 8 southern California and the effect on the 9 peregrine falcon were proven within a year or 10 two to have been due to DDT, not to PCBs. So 11 what was alleged in '68, '69 turned out not to 12 be so about late '70, early '71. 13 Q. But it got you thinking about PCBs? 14 A. It certainly got not only Monsanto but many 15 others. 16 Q. I think you made the comment earlier that it was 17 Monsanto's belief that all discharges of 18 industrial chemicals to the environment even in 19 the 1960s was something to be avoided? 20 A. Yes, I did. 2 1 Q. Are you talking, when you speak of discharge as 22 to accidental leaks as well? 23 MR. LOHMAR: Objection. 24 MR. WARNING: Objection, overbroad, 25 accidental leaks from what? TAYL0R & ASSOCIATES (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074534 2-173 1 MR. KLINE: I just want to get a 2 sense of what he means by the term "discharge." 3 Q. Was it that every small leakage was considered 4 something by Monsanto that should be completely 5 avoided or was it the purposeful dumping that 6 was bad? 7 A. Any entry of industrial chemicals into the 8 environment whether by accident, a railroad tank 9 car accident or a burst line at the plant or the 10 hosing down of the floor should be avoided, and 11 when it happens every action should be taken to 12 minimize it, to help correct it immediately. 13 This does not mean we're going to be perfect. 14 Some of it will still get away, but the whole 15 understanding and message that we tried to 16 convey was, don't tolerate it. 17 Q. If something leaks, fix it? 18 A. Fix it or curb it or put some sawdust on the 19 floor and gather it up, put a curb around the 20 leak, put a pan under the dripping pump and so 2 1 on . 22 Q. That's not to say that the reason to avoid it 23 was because it was known that it would harm the 24 environment? 25 MR. LOHMAR: Objection. TAYL0R & ASS0CIATES (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074535 2-174 1 A. It doesn't necessarily have to be harm, it just 2 doesn't belong there in the understanding, 3 industrial chemicals don't belong out there in 4 the ditches and rivers and creeks and lakes, on 5 and on. 6 Q. But yet as you testified to earlier industrial 7 chemicals were found both at NVF -- Monsanto's 8 customers' sites and even at Monsanto's own 9 manufacturing facilities? 10 A. Correct, yes. 11 Q. So there were releases that were occurring both 12 at Monsanto and at its customers? 13 A. Everywhere, not only of PCBs but other 14 chemicals. But that doesn't mean it was right. 15 The whole message was minimize, don't abuse. 16 Q. Do you recall the date of the material safety 17 data sheets that you looked at earlier today? 18 A. Yes, I do. 19 Q. What was that? 20 A. Early'72. 21 Q. In Exhibit 25, which includes the sales 22 summaries, could you turn to Page 21 of that 2 3 exhibit? 24 A. I have it. 25 Q. There is an indication that from 1954 to 1970, TAYLOR & ASSOCIATES (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074536 2-175 1 zero pounds of Aroclor were shipped -- were 2 shipped to the Kennett Square facilities? 3 MR. LOHMAR: Object, it 4 mischaracterizes the document, mischaracterizes 5 his prior testimony, document speaks for 6 itself. I think it's clear all the document is 7 saying - 8 MR. KLINE: Your interpretation is 9 not necessary, Mr. Lohmar. 10 MR. LOHMAR: It's not necessary to 11 try to confuse this witness by mischaracterizing 12 his testimony. He has never said, nor does the 13 document say that this indicates that no 14 shipments were made. This document speaks for 15 itself, it says no sales found. Please do not 16 try to confuse this witness by mischaracterizing 17 documents, sir. 18 MR. KLINE: I was not trying to 19 confuse the witness. That was just due to the 20 fact of bad questioning. 21 MR. LOHMAR: I'm objecting to try to 22 prevent you from giving him bad questioning at 23 3:40 in the afternoon. 24 Q. Does this document reflect that there were no 25 sales to the Kennett Square facility or no TAYLOR & ASSOCIATES (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074537 2-176 1 shipment to the Kennett Square facility, if you 2 know? 3 MR. LOHMAR: Same objections. 4 A. This document is telling me there is no record 5 of any sales or shipments of any PCB type 6 products in the years 1954 to 1970. That 7 doesn't say they got it, it doesn't say they 8 didn't get it. The records are not complete. 9 Q. I want to finish just by showing you two 10 documents and simply asking you whether they 11 were prepared by Monsanto in the ordinary course 12 of business, retained in Monsanto's files and 13 produced from Monsanto's files in this 14 litigation. And those two documents begin with 15 the page 3811 and 3839; I'll mark it as Exhibit 16 29 . 17 (Documents 18 marked as Exhibit No. 29 19 for identification.) 20 MR. WARNING: I believe 3811 has 21 already been used. Did you say 3811? I think 22 it's already been entered as an exhibit. Let me 23 check. 3811 is Exhibit No. 4. What was the 24 other number? 25 MR. KLINE: 3839. _____________ (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074538 2-177 1 MR. WARNING: That one was not used 2 previously. 3 MR. KLINE: We can still ask the 4 question. 5 Q. Have you reviewed those documents, Mr. 6 Papageorge? 7 A. I have scanned them, yes. 8 Q. And in response to my question -- should I ask 9 the question again? 10 A. I would appreciate it. 11 Q. Sure. Is Exhibit 29 a true and correct copy of 12 documents generated by Monsanto in the ordinary 13 course of their business? 14 A. They are. 15 Q. And were they retained in Monsanto's files? 16 A. Yes. 17 Q. And produced from Monsanto's files for purposes 18 of this litigation? 19 A. Yes. 2 0 Q. Did you have any involvement in the actual 2 1 production of documents in this case? 22 A. Yes. 23 Q. Are you aware that there were actually two -- 24 MR. DAVIDSON: I think he's 25 misinterpreting your question. TAYLOR & ASSOCIATES (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074539 2-178 1 Q. Did you physically assist in selecting and 2 providing the documents that we've been using 3 during the deposition? 4 MR. DAVIDSON: To these lawyers? 5 A. Oh, no, I'm sorry. I thought you meant the 6 documents I'm scanning here, was I involved with 7 the documents I'm scanning, the answer is yes. 8 Was I involved with the production of those 9 documents to you, no. 10 Q. Do you understand that there were two 11 productions, the first being documents 1 through 12 117 and the remainder being produced at a 13 separate time? 14 A. I did not understand it that way, no. 15 Q. Last question is, have you prior to your 16 deposition met with counsel for any of the 17 defendants in this case? 18 A. No . 19 Q. Have you had any conversations with them over 20 the telephone? 21 A. No . 22 MR. KLINE: Thank you. 23 MR. WARNING: Anybody else? Mr. 24 Lohmar? 25 MR. LOHMAR: Two minutes of follow-up ______________ (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074540 2-179 1 questions, sir. 2 3 EXAMINATION 4 QUESTIONS BY MR. LOHMAR: 5 Q. If you recall, you have seen a document I 6 believe it's number 112, which indicates that on 7 August 13, 1970, NVF was shipped a certain 8 amount of Aroclor 1254, do you remember that 9 document, sir? If not, I can show it to you. 10 A. I think I remember it. Yes, I remember it. 11 Q. The document in front of you, have I correctly 12 recited what that document says, it shows a 13 shipment, the document 112 which is now in front 14 of you shows a shipment of Aroclor 1254 to NVF 15 on August 13, 1970; does it not? 16 A. It does. 17 Q. After August 13, 1970, would NVF have been added 18 to whatever customer lists Monsanto maintained 19 for customers of Aroclor 1254? 20 A. Yes. 2 1 Q. And would they have received any documents going 22 to any such customers regarding the effects of 23 Aroclor 1254 on the environment or any other 24 arena? 25 A. Yes. TAYLOR & ASSOCIATES (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074541 2-180 1 Q. Would they have received any letters that were 2 postdated August 13, 1970? 3 A. Yes. 4 Q. Would they have received any technical bulletins 5 that were postdated August 13, 1970? 6 A. Yes. 7 Q. Prior to, since as of August 13, 1970, Monsanto 8 was aware, was it not, of certain environmental 9 concerns involving PCBs entering the 10 environment? 11 A. Yes. 12 Q. So what steps would Monsanto have taken to 13 insure that NVF was similarly aware of those 14 environmental concerns prior to actually 15 shipping the shipment indicated on document NVF 16 112? 17 A. Monsanto would have relied on American Mineral 18 Spirits in this case to convey that information. 19 Q. When you say you would rely on American Spirits, 20 someone at Monsanto would actually contact 2 1 American Spirits? 22 A. Yes, in fact in some of the exhibits, as I 23 remember, there was a letter to a representative 24 from Mineral Spirits to which was attached 25 copies of the kind of information we were _______________ (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074542 2-181 1 sharing with those that we shipped to directly 2 and it recommended that American Mineral Spirits 3 and companies like that do the same thing. 4 That's what we relied on. 5 MR. LOHMAR: That's all I have. 6 MR. WARNING: I have one follow-up 7 question. 8 9 EXAMINATION 10 QUESTIONS BY MR. WARNING: 11 Q. Mr. Papageorge, the document you're looking at 12 right now, Papageorge Exhibit No. 26, you said 13 that NVF would have been put on the customer 14 list as of August 13, 1970; correct? 15 A. NVF Kennett Square. 16 Q. Right; they would have been put on that customer 17 list only if they were already not on the 18 customer list; correct? 19 A. Correct. 20 MR. WARNING: Thank you. 2 1 (Witness excused) 22 23 24 25 TAYLOR & ASSOCIATES (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074543 2-182 1 STATE OF ______________ ) 2 COUNTY OF _________________________________________) 3 I, WILLIAM B. PAPAGEORGE, do hereby certify: 4 That I have read the foregoing deposition; 5 That I have made such changes in form 6 and/or substance to the within deposition as 7 might be necessary to render the same true and 8 correct; 9 That having made such changes thereon, I 10 hereby subscribe my name to the deposition. 11 I declare under penalty of perjury that 12 the foregoing is true and correct. 13 Executed this __________ day of 14 1997 , 15 at 16 17 18 NOTARY PUBLIC 19 20 My Commission expires: 21 22 23 24 WILLIAM B. PAPAGEORGE 25 TAYLOR & ASSOCIATES (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074544 2-18 3 1 CERTIFICATE OF REPORTER 2 STATE OF MISSOURI ) 3 ) SS 4 COUNTY OF ST. LOUIS ) 5 I, NANCY A. KUNCAITIS, a Registered 6 Professional Reporter and Notary Public in and 7 for the State of Missouri, the officer before 8 whom the foregoing deposition was taken, do 9 hereby certify that the witness whose testimony 10 appears in the foregoing deposition was duly 11 sworn by me; that the testimony of said witness 12 was taken by me to the best of my ability and 13 thereafter reduced to typewriting under my 14 direction; that I am neither counsel for, 15 related to, nor employed by any of the parties 16 to the action in which this deposition was 17 taken, and further that I am not a relative or 18 employee of any attorney or counsel employed by 19 the parties thereto, nor financially or 20 otherwise interested in the outcome of the 2 1 action. 22 23 NOTARY PUBLIC in and for the State of Missouri 24 My commission expires 11-22-97 25 TAYLOR & ASSOCIATES (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074545 WITNESS NAME: WITNESS ERRATA SHEET W .'Iftas* fc*\c( pcu-jcd rg e. CASE: Date A/ // i~ Comp^,nLj (/5. frmencc\y} Company of he. ad n'tc.j ^ *> ef f , Pg. Ln.No.___7__ Should Read_______' ^_________________ Reason for Change TE * co rrecT o( ab^ Pq.2--/^ Ln.No. _ 2 /il Should Read mo**/chlaso vip"*"'/1 , yvo u ji nn/e +''?/-*<- Reason for Change ~v\c-o/rec t_____r\u -mtoer______ ___ <7 f -f h Pg. Z~/QZ- Ln.No. (7___ Should Read t'P i-tw, Reason for Change , , /- .. . I -/-n Cd>i Wjjru r^i f /00 $ Qdd op To pQ co r n o'^rTWeT- PgLn.No. _________ Should Read___ Reason for Change Pg. Ln.No. _________ Should Read____ Reason for Change Pg._________ Ln.No. _________ Should Read___ Reason for Change pg-_________ Ln.No. _________ Should Read____ Reason for Change Pg-_________ Ln.No. _________ Should Read___ Reason for Change Pg-_________ Ln.No. _________ Should Read___ Reason for Change Ifs'C dCo (Z- i'l'U Witness WATER PCB-SD0000074546 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 2-182 STATE OF { 5>5C U n) COUNTY OF .________________________________________) I, WILLIAM B. PAPAGEORGE, do hereby certify: That I have read the foregoing deposition; That I have made such changes in form and/or substance to the within deposition as might be necessary to render the same true and correct; That having made such changes thereon, I hereby subscribe my name to the deposition. I declare under penalty of perjury that the foregoing is true and correct. Executed this ..day of 01 Q Q 1 ! NOTARY PUBLIC My Commission expires HOMER N MASTORAKOS NOTARY PUBLIC STATE OF MISSOURI ST. LOUIS COUNTY MY COMMISSION EXP. OCT. 28,1993 WILLIAM B. PAPAGEORGE TAYLOR & ASSOCIATES (314) 644-2191 * TOLL FREE (800) 280-DEPO WATER PCB-SD0000074547 AROCLOR PLASTICIZERS A series of Inert, chemically resistant, fire retarding plasti cizers compatible with a wide variety of resins. mm ii NWF 000048 WATER PCB-SD0000074548 Table of Contents Properties as Plasticizers Key to Nomenclature Applications by Product Aroclor Markets Formulations: Delayed Tack Adhesives Emulsion Adhesives Pressure Sensitive Adhesives Hot Melt Adhesives Polysulfide Sealants Chlorinated Rubber Coatings ' Acrylic Lacquer Physical Properties Toxicity and Safe Handling 2 3 6 8 10 11 13 15 17 18 * 19 ' 20 22 * NVF 000069 WATER PCB-SD0000074549 -2- Propertles as Plasticizers The Aroclor0 resins/plasticizers and their blends have an unusual combination of properties which make them extremely useful products. Their most important char acteristics are: Low Cost Highly Compatible Chemically Stable Fire Retardant Excellent Adhesion Another very useful aspect of this product line is the fact that a continuous range of properties can be achieved by using combinations of the Aroclors and their blends. Some of the physical properties which can be controlled through product selection are shown on the following pages. Our Aroclor product line is now made up of polychlorinated terphenyls, monochlorinated biphenyl, and blends of these products. None of these materials has been shown to create any environmental problems. On the other hand, Food and Drug Administration approval has not been obtained for any of these products. Accordingly, the Aroclor plasticizers, should not be used in connection with food or food-related products, with food wrapping or food container materials. Further, Monsanto strongly recommends that the-se products not be used in any other application such as non-FDA re gulated food systems, in potable water systems, in any animal feeding systems, or in pharmaceuticals. NVF 000070 WATER PCB-SD0000074550 -3- Key bo Nomenclature 5400 Ser i e s These products are chlorinated terphenyls. The last two digits indicate the chlorine content of the material, e.g., Aroclor^ 5460 is a chlorinated terphenyl with 60 percent chlorine. Undistilled Aroclors1^ are available and are designated by a 5000 series vs. the 5400 series. They are somewhat higher in color but otherwise have product characteristics similar to the distilled products. 6000 Series These products are blends of Aroclor 5460 and Aroclor^ .1221a biodegradable monochlorinated biphenyl. The last two digi: are an indication of the proportion of Aroclor^ 5460 in the blend, e.g., Aroclor^ 6062 has more Aroclor^ 5460 in it than does Aroclor^ 6050. Miscellaneous Blends Other product blends containing such other materials as Santicizer 140 for improved fire retardancy, or toluene/ xylene for lower viscosities will also be made available as the demand for these specialty products develops. * NVF 000071 WATER PCB-SD0000074551 4- - AROCLORS Adhesion/Tack Hardness Flexibility Fire Retardance Volatility . Chlorine Content Viscosity Density Permanence Compatibility 5432________________3442 --------------------increasing --------------------increasing ------------------- decreasing ------------------- increasing ------------------- decreaslng------------------- increasing ------------------- increasing ------------------- increasing ------------------- increaslng------------------- decreasing- 3460 -C -C>" NVF Q00072 WATER PCB-SD0000074552 -5- AROCLOR BLENDS 6o4o Adheslon/Tack -------- Hardness -------- Flexibility -------- Fire Retardance -------- Volatility -------- Chlorine Content -------- Viscosity -------- Density -------- Permanence -------- Compatibility -------- 6050 6062 6070 --------increasing---------------- --------increasing------------- -- ------- decreasing---------------- ------- increasing---------------- .. decreasing---------------- --------increasing---------------- --------increasing---------------- ------- increasing-------------- - ------- increasing---------------- ------- decreasing---------------- 6090 NVF 000073 WATER PCB-SD0000074553 -6- Appllcatlons by Product Listed below are some of the applications where these products can be used: Aroclor Blends . 6040 Polyvinyl Acetate Emulsion Adhesives SBR Adhesives Miscellaneous applications where a high degree of flexibility is required. 6050 6062 6070 Chlorinated Rubber and other Resin systems for Coatings. Inks Polysulfide Sealants/Adhesives t Chlorinated Rubber Coatings and Adhesives SBR Coatings and Adhesives Miscellaneous applications where high chlorine content, high tack, are required. Inks - * Polysulfide Adhesives . Chlorinated Rubber Adhesives Miscellaneous applications where very high chlorine content and very high t'ack are required. ., 6090 Radiation Curing Applications NVF 000074 WATER PCB-SD0000074554 -7- Aroclor3 5432 5442 5460 Polysulfide Sealants/Adhesives Chlorinated Rubber Coatings and Adhesives SBR Coatings and Adhesives Surface Coatings Hot Melt Adhesives, Surface Coatings NVF 000075 WATER PCB-SD0000074555 -8AROCLOR MARKETS Aroclor Applications Adhesives Delayed Tack Polymers and/or Binders SBR, PVAc, PS Aroclor Recommended ' 6090, 5460 Emulsion Pressure Sensitive PVAc, SBR, AcrylicVAc, Acrylic-ethylene > Natural Rubber, SBR, Cl Rubber 1221-B, 6040, 1221-B, 6062, : Hot Melt EVAc, PVB, Phenoxies, Polyamides 5460, 5465, 5C: Montar 5 Sealants Polysulfide, Nitrile Epoxy, Polyurethane 5460/S-261, HB-40, 6070, 5- Caulkina; Compounds Acrylics 5460, 6070 Surface Coatings Paints Lacquers PVAc, PVC, Nitriles, ' 5460, 6062, 6c Styrene, Acrylics Alkyd, Cl Rubber 5460, 6062, 6c . 6090 NVF Q00076 WATER PCB-SD0000074556 -9AROCLOR MARKETS (Continued) Aroclor Applicatio is Polymers ani/or Binders Surface Costings (Continued) ' Varnish Polysulfide Paper Coatings Ethyl Cellulose Printing Inks Nitrocellulose, Acrylic Miscellaneous Lost V/ax Casting Wax Impregnating Phenolic Resistors Resinox, FVC Laminating Resins Phenolic Epoxy Resins Epoxy Aroclor RecommencU d 6070 6040, 6050 5460, 607c, 6090 5442, 5460, . 5460, 6062 5460, 6070 6062, 6070 NVF 000077 WATER PCB-SD0000074557 -10DELAYED TACK ADHESIVES Total Market for Plasticizers: 3-4 Million Pounds/Year Typical Fornulations: Component 1. Dipheiyl Phthalate Cumar W 12 . Lustr 2x 15 . Parts by Weight 60.6 15.1 24.3 2. Vinso.L Resin. Santiiizcr 1-H Acrysol M. R. Thinned amine dispersant Thinned amine disDersant Steric Acid Poly-pale Resin 2-amino-2-methyl-l-propanol Water 50.0 50.0 10.0 250.0 1 1 1 3 Properties Desired: 1. Activation at specific temperature. 2. Remains tacky for specific time period. 3. Remains bonded over wide temperature range. Current Recommendations: 1. Dicyclohexyl Phthalate - DCHP 2. Diphenyl Fhthalate . 3. Santicizcr 1-H . 4. Aroclor 5460 ' 5. Aroclor 6090 ' NVF 000070 WATER PCB-SD0000074558 -11EKULSION ADHESr/IS Total Market for Plasticizers: 35-fO Million Pounds/Year Typical Formulations: Gelva S-55 Santicizer 218-A 90 1 122 G ilva TS-65 Santlcizer 885 . 9C 10 122 Gelva S-77 Aroclor 1221-B 9 10 . 100 G-slva TS-100 Aroclor 6o40 9C 1C Toe Aircoflex 400 Aroclor 6050 95 .5 TU6 Gelva TS-100 Aroclor 1221 Staybelite Ester 10 Butyl Acetate Santomerse SX . 65 1C 15 10 0 TooTT Properties Desired: 1. Controlled wet tack: in most cases, the shorter the wet tack time before the adhesive grab3, the better. 2. Open time of at least one minute: open time is the time during which two adhered substrates can be adjusted after making contact. , 3. Physical properties of adhesive film: the cohesive strength of the adhesive must be strong enough to hold the substrates together. NVF 000079 WATER PCB-SD0000074559 -12EMULSION ADHESIVES (Continued) Relatively high heat delamination temperature: this depends on the film Corning polymers, the type and amount of plasticizer. Good resistance to water: prolonged immersion in water causes loss of adheaion by most emulsion adhesives at elevated temperatures. NVF 000080 WATER PCB-SD0000074560 -13PRESSURE SENSITIVE ADHESIVES Total Market for Plasticizers: 30 Million Pounds/Year Typical Formulations: Component 1. Calerdered Into Fabric Cellulose Acetate Santicizer 8 Sartolite MHP Parts by Weight 1 3 2 2. Hot Melt Type Crepo Rubber . Polyisobutylene Ester Gum Santolite MHP Aroclor 6070Wax 15 15 20 20 30 10 Properties Desired: 1. Low volatility 2. Good heat stability 3. High flow/sprcadability at elevated temperatures' 4. Good moisture resistance 5. Broad use temperature range myp 000081 WATER PCB-SD0000074561 -14PRESSURE SENSITIVE ADHESIVES (Continued) Current Recommendations: . 1. Santicizer l6o 2. Santicizer 148 3. Aroclor 5460, 6o4o, 6070 4. Santolite MHP NVF 000082 WATER PCB-SD0000074562 -15HOT MELT ADHESIVES Total Market for Plastifier/Tackifirr: 30-40 Million Pounds/Ye Typical Formulations: _ ' Component 1. Basic Formula EVA c Aroclor 5460 Micpocrystalline Wax Parts by Weight 30 40 30 2. Alkali Disoersable Eookbindint Adhesive* 1 PVA: San;icizer 160 Aroolor 5432 Nevellac Hard Acrowax C Sodium Benzoate 40 8 26 24 1 0.75 Properties Desired: 1. Good heat stability 2. Sharp melting point 3. Satisfactory viscosity/temperature relationship 4. Bond flexibility 5. Adhesion * NVF 000083 WATER PCB-SD0000074563 -16HOT MELT ADHE5IV?:S (Continued) Current Recommendations: 1. Aroclor 5460, 5465 2. Aroclor 5060, Montar 5 3. Santicizer 160, 141, 148 4. Santlcizer 8 NVF 000084 WATER PCB-SD0000074564 -17POLYSULFIDE SEAL/NTS Typical Formulation: Thiokol CP-2 . Lead dio<ide paste ' (50# PbO45# S-160, 5# St. acivl) Plasticizer 100 15 30 145 Fillers such as SRF black, MT blick, Lithopone, Zinc Sulfide and York Whiting may be included in the 15 to 75 phr range. Properties Desired:. ' 1. Adhesions . 2. Specific Rate .of Cure 3. Specific Creep Characteristics 4. Shelf Stability 5. Pot Life ' Current Recommendations .1 1. Santicizer 26l 2. HD-40 . 3. Blends of Aroclor 5460/S-261 (Santicizer 326) 4. Aroclor 5460/S-l60 ' 5. Santicizer 148 '' NVF 000085 WATER PCB-SD0000074565 -18CHLORINATZD RUBBER COATINGS Typical Formulation: ' . Parlon S-10 Epon 828 Epichlorhydrin Xylene . Plasticirer . TiOg Carbon E? ack . 3i 1 0.2 IOC 25 36.4 C.4 Properties Desired: 1. Water impermeability 2. Chemical resistance 3. Adhesion to substrate 4. Flexibility . ' Current Recommendations: 1. Aroclor 6g62 2. Aroclor 5432 ' 3. Phthalate ester (if not chcm. resistance reg.) 4. Aroclor 5460/Santiclzer 711 3/1 or 4/1 NVF 000086 WATER PCB-SD0000074566 -19ACRYLIC LACQUER Typical Fcj-mulation: Lucite 6)11 or 6012 . . 1/2 sec. cellulose acetate butyrate Plasticiser 250 (-- 100 solidj ) 0 to 40 20 to 40 Properties Desired: . '. 1. Good adhesion ' 2. Superior pigment wetting 3. Resistance to water and dilute alkalis 4. Excellent weatherability 5. Good abrasion resistance 6. Toughness over a broad temperature range 7. Dow volatility of the plasticizer i Current Recommendations: 1. Santicizer 26l 2. Aroclor 6062 3. Aroclor 5442 4. Santicizer 140 5. Santicizer 160 NVF 000087 WATER PCB-SD0000074567 TYPICAL PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OP AROCLORS AND AROCLOR BLENDS Property Appearance Aroclor 1221-B AROCLORS_____________________ Aroclor Aroclor Aroclor 5432 5442 5460 Clear, mobile oil ' Clear, yellow viscous liquid Clear, yellow sticky resin Clear, yellow to amber brittle resin or flakes ___ ______________ AROCLOR BLENDS Aroclor Aroclor Aroclor Aroclor 6040 6050 6062 -6070 Clear, light yellow mobile oil Clear, light yellow mobile oil Clear, yellow viscous liquid Light yellow sticky resin Aroclo. 6090 Light yellow resin Color, Maximum 100 APHA* 2 NPA* 2 NPA* 2 NPA* (Molten) (Molten) (Molten) 2 NPA* 2 NPA* 2 NPA* 2 NPA* 2 NPA* Specific Gravity 1.125 - 1.280* - 1.470 1.140 1.300 (257 * (257. , (90/ 25 C) 15-5 c) 15-5 C) 1.670 (25y N 25 C) 1.326* - 1.344* - 1.407* - 1.425* - 1.346 1.357 1.427 1.440 (25/ (657. , (657 (907 15.5 C) 15-5 C) 15-5 C) 15.5 c) Acidity, Maximum (Mg KOH/Gm), t 0.014* Moisture ppm Maximum - A - .05* .05* 0.035* .035* 0.035* .035* .035* - 250* 250* 250* 250* - Refractive - 1.658 - 1.659 - 1.660 - '1.6334 1.6390 1,6463 1.6307 I.650.. Index i . U'jO 1.662 1.665 (i p C. MUf o n n n u WATER PCB-SD0000074568 TYPICAL PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF AROCLORS AND AROCLOR BLENDS Property Aroclor 1221-B AROCLORS_______________ Aroclor Aroclor Aroclor 5432 5442 5460 Viscosity (ASTM D-88) 38 50-60 (100 F ` (210 F SUS) SUS) 300-400 (210 F SUS) ______________________AROCLOR BLENDS Aroclor Aroclor Aroclor Aroclor 6040 6050 6062 6070 106-146* 110-125* 54-64* (100 F (130 F (210 F SUS) SUS) SUS) 82-102* (210 F SUS) Aroclor 6090 - Flash Point 260 470 F 477 None to 260 260 260 260 340 F Minimum Bolling (Cleveland Open Cup) Fire Point F Minimum (Cleveland Opert Cup) 280 6600 F >662 None to Bolling 300 Softening Point C -- *: - ________________ S____ ________________ L - 46-52* --98-105.5* . 310 -- 320 -- 325 550 64-70* Monsanto Specification NVF 000089 WATER PCB-SD0000074569 -22- Toxiclty and Safe Handling Inhalation At ordinary temperatures, the Aroclor chlorinated poly phenyls have not presented Industrial toxicological pro blems. The hazard of potential toxic exposure varies with their volatility: the lower-chlorinated, more volatile ones present more of a potential problem from the standpoint of both inhalation and skin contact. When Aroclor plasticizers are used at elevated tempera tures, engineering controls must be applied, either by the use of closed systems or by effective local-exhaust ventilation together with general workroom exhaust. Vapor of the liquid Aroclor plasticizers at room tempera ture should not be breathed in a confined space, and no vapor of any Aroclor evolved at elevated temperatures should be allowed to be dispersed into the general work room. Skin Contact Continuous or repeated skin contact with the Aroclor 'plasticizers must be avoided by the use of gloves and .protective garments, because of the possible occurrence of a condition called chloracne. Although reports of this condition caused by Aroclor are rare, it can be produced by excessive skin contact. If any Aroclor is spilled on the skin, the skin should be washed in the usual manner with a soap solution. _ A burn caused by contact with a hot Aroclor should be treated like any ordinary burn. Aroclor plasticizer adhering to the burned area need not be removed immed iately, unless treatment of the burn demands it, in Which case either soap and water or repeated washings with a vegetable oil are recommended. ' NVF 000090 WATER PCB-SD0000074570 0ISTR1CT SALES OFFICES ALL DIVISIONS ATLANTA. GEORGIA 30326 Lenox Towers East 3400 Peachtree Pd. N. E. - Suite 1711 Tel. (404) 577-2260 BOSTON. MASSACHUSETTS 02149 Everett Station Tel. (617) 3S7-5010 CHICAGO. ILLINOIS 3158 Des Plaines Ave. Des Plaines. Illinois 60018 Tel. (312) 29S-C5S8 CINCINNATI. OHIO 45206 1501 Madison Poad Tel. (513) 751-6707 ' CLEVELAND. OHIO 44122 3645 WarrensviHe Center Pd. Tel. (216) 991-5400 . DETROIT. MICHIGAN 48235 500 Northland Towers East Tel. (313) 357-0910 HONOLULU. HAWAII 96812 205 Pacific International Bldg. 677 Ala Moans Blvd.. P. 0. Box 3824 Tel. (608) 512-744 HOUSTON. TEXAS 77002. 1300 Main Street Tel. (713) Capitol 3-4011 LOS ANGELES. CALIFORNIA 90022 6670 E. Flotilla St. Tel. (213) 723-2492 MINNEAPOLIS. MINNESOTA 55402 S12 Northstar Center 110 S.-Seventh SL Tel. (612) 33914651 NEW YORK. NEW YORK 10017 277 Park Avenue TeL (212) 922-4111 PITTSBURGH. PENNSYLVANIA 15222 No. 4 Gateway Center Bldg. Room 534 Tel. (412) 261-2156 ST. LOUIS. MISSOURI 63166 800 N. Lindbergh Blvd. Tel. (314) Oxford 4-1000 SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA 2710 Lafayette. Santa Clara. Calif. 95052 TeL (403) 243-0414 SEATTLE. WASHINGTON 93104 911 Western Avenue TeL (205) (.lain 2-4203 SPRINGFIELD. MASSACHUSETTS 01101 730 Worcester Ave. TeL (413) 783-6911 WILMINGTON. DELAWARE 19303 2005 Concord P.ke, faittax . TeL (302) Olympia 8-6531 Additional District Offices ero maintained by: Agricultural Division LUIING. LOUISIANA 70Q70 P. 0. Bo* 174 Tot. (504) 784-0203 MEMPHIS. TENNESSEE 38113 1073 Riveriide Orive P.O. Bo*. 13743 TL (901) WhnehJll 7-3151 Textiles' Division AKRON. OHIO 44313 3030 West Mafic! SL TL (216) 836-7941 ATLANTA. GEORGIA 30303 AtUnta Mercl.ir.dn* Mon 240 Peichnee SL. N. W. Til. (404) 577-2260 CHARLOTTE. NORTH CAROLINA 28202 Wachovia Bank Building 129 Was! Trad* SL Tal. (704) 376-9671 ENGLEWOOD CLIffS. N. J. 07631 661 Piliwdej Av*. Tel. (201) 503-2151 NEW YORK. NEW YORK 350 Fifth Ave. Tel. (201) 556-5100 Hydrocarbons fit Polymers Division-Lion Oil El DORADO. ARKANSAS 71730 Lion Oil Building TeL (501) Union 3-3111 JACKSON. MISSISSIPPI 39209 P. 0. Bo* 10537 Weetlend Station TeL (601) 352-3648 LITTLE ROCK. ARKANSAS 72203 1615 Witt Seventh St TeL (501) franklin 8-2437 MEMPHIS. TENNESSEE 38113 1023 Riverjtd* Drive P. 0. Bo* 13243 Tel. (901) Whitehall 7-3151 Organic Chemicals Division (Rubber Industry) AKRON. OHIO 4431 1 120 Brown Street P. 0. Oo* 2307 TeL (216) Hemlock 4.1921 MONSANTO. 800 N. LINDBERGH BLVD.. ST. LOUIS; MISSOURI 63150 NVF 000091 WATER PCB-SD0000074571 DICTATE IN SEQUENCE* 1. HEADING INFORMATION 2. NAMES OF ADDRESSEES 3. NAMES OF CARBONEES 4. IMMEDIATE ACTION NEEDED 5. REPORT ON CALL CUJTOMNAm* . NV**" CITY ANO JTAI* Kennett Square, Pennsvlvania^ NAME AND TITLE REPORT CAPTIONS: * 1, OBJECTIVE 2. PERSONS CONTACTED 3. RESULTS 4, ACTION REQUIRED ' REGION Eastern SERVICE CENIER Wilmington N'*U' - 0AI* RtCITVt*.;. 5/6/71... oak rvi "TOT TTKF ON _ MP MAC ""c.a--t.egory% c'oouamr. SALESMAN _____John M. Van Gelder TO C. P. Farley - St. Louts rrW- S. Clark - St. Louis Contacted: Ken Hayes - Purchasing Agent. Cbjective: Discuss Aroclor_6062 Result: ______ Hayes indicatedthat_the change from A-1254 to A-6062 wait very smoothly. NVF has found they only need tx> use about 70% as much A-6062 as they used A-1254 to obtain the same flame retardance. Usage should be about 7,000 Iba/month. _____________ nvf - Willow Grove, Pa., manufactures polyester glass sheets and mats -- presently using antimony ood.de for flams retardant. S-MI |R|V. 13/61) CENTRAL OFFICE COPY NVF 000114 .. 6 WATER PCB-SD0000074572 DICTATE IN SEQUENCE 1. HEADING INFORMATION 2. NAMES OF ADDRESSEES 3. NAMES OF CARBONEES 5. REPORT ON CALL REPORT CAPTIONS: 1. OBJECTIVE 2. PERSONS CONTACTED 3. RESULTS ACTION REQUIRED ' t *:> -viy ***^5*. `' ' . cvsTOMn *T.ry"B'B,?B*n'T'TK4 *s *oivnr 0A&jrCAr nvt \ ________________ _______________________________________ CITY ANO IIAII OAT* MCEIVIO 0AH rnmm: Kennatt Square. Pennsylvania_____________________ 8-30-71 - 31--71^ CUSTOMER MAILING LIST CHANGES SERVICE CENTER USE ONLY NAME AND TITLE PUT twt J2L t MP MAG CATEGORY COOt? REGION Southeastern SERVICE CENTER Wilmington SALESMAN J. M. Van Gaidar CC F- G Sutton, Wilmington J. R. Darby, St. Louis ______ R. w. Bucknall, St. Louis w. S. Clark, St. Louis CONTACTED:__ Ken Hayes, Purchasing Agent OBJECTIVE: Discuss A-6062. RESULTS t (1) Hayes indicated that Aroclor 6062 Continues to be the product of choice aa~the-flame retardant in their phenolic sheet application. JuIy~an<J August are usually quite slow for NVF, but Hayes indicates an expected usage of 6,000/lbs. per month when things return to normal levels. \ - CENTRAL OFFICE COPY NVF 000115 i. t WATER PCB-SD0000074573 Monsanto T r DICTATE IN SEQUENCE: 1. HEADING INFORMATION 2. NAMES OF ADDRESSEES 3. NAMES OF CARBONEES 4. IMMEDIATE ACTION NEEDED 5. REPORT ON CALL REPORT CAPTIONS: 1. OBJECTIVE 2. PERSONS CONTACTED 3. RESULTS l. ACTION REQUIRED "WX" CUSlOMtR HAMe DA1I OP CAll wr CITY ANO STATE __________________ :___________________ y DATE AtCSiVED 12-21-71 1 oaii r>no Kennett Square, Pennsylvania 1-3-72 1-3-72 CUSTOMER MAILING LIST CHANGES - SERVICE CENTER USE ONLY NAME AND HUE - oil m MP MAC CA1EGOPY COOE5 ** REGION Southeastern SERVICE CENTER Wilmington SALESMAN J, M, Van Gelder j. h. Orem, St. Louis cc F. G. Sutton, Wilmington R7 TT'.TucIcneE7'Louis J. R. Darby, Queeny W. SV CTairSf,"' St. Lou Is~ A. Morgan, Queeny CONTACTED: Ken Hayes, Purchasing Agent joe Peace, Chemist............ " OBJECTIVE: (1) RESULTS: Announce the aroclor discontinuation ahcTdiscuss' possible' alternatives. i ........... ............ ............. ............... ..................... . " ...... j (1) Informed Hayes of the discontihuati6n"of S-6<JS2T `THII news''wal hot at~aTT well received. He feels that they should receive more A-6062 than the policy allows because of cyclical buying patterns.'" ..."" " " . ' NVf uses A-606J as a flame retardant in a 'paper"TjasecT phenoTIc "system; A new candidate must have good dip solder resistance, electrical insulation 1 ' and surface flame retardericy characteristics';' * My initial" recommendation! were S-140, TCP, and TPPi. Any other recommendations would be greatly appreciated. ......................... . ' ................................... ' S 33I |EV. IJ/41) - CENTRAL OFFICE COPY NMF 000116 WATER_PCB-SD0000074574 Monsanto > MOM l N 4 r Fred G. Sutton I | M| N( | December 29, 1971 / i nvf^ f i Wilmington J. M. Van Ge1der B . R. Do 11moun t to ^ mi-Hs CtTrrft..... Discussed Aroclor situation with Ken Hays of NVF. Told him that we would supply 15,000 pounds of Aroclor 6062 . during the first quarter of 1972. He will enter and order with COP for this amount. FGS/dcs Fred G. Sutton . IN IO Ml V II l 4 NVF 000117 WATER PCB-SD0000074575 forr. Approved OH13 No. f-f. -P.l 3P`/, Approval Expires: July 30, 1072 (U. i A /iu li .....T. . 'YS rS- *: Li. . . * 4 i1., t! Il SvJi'l'.l- Form f:a t o ^ It 2 0 May. 107) 2 /// / section i >| m * *v * *; i v` v," > [iMMUuMCY TTJ*'**0~Tu*Mo"' 1 )* KTO COM PAN Y_______ *VpSfOA't"uD/1 iN\ orm L>minwd. bCeiihrgShi.'itB, woiruf f7lJel/rvCaaodrt#fdu; , -----------.------------. -------------. IX/'U^..U//affliizJO.OQ______ St. Louis, Missouri 631o6 ' H Vi'fy.c uro ` 1" *<'"N ' * t C C w * A M v v Cnlorlnated Aromatic . PIf U_RoTc'5c'*Vla"7i"m N 9eIdtnAmriiouiclor____ _ dftuue. a Mixture r.i-CtlOTJ, lj Ji;^:''.?n;iMR_i|r!P?"n|"t.lTR iT.T.'xn.:3.T- PAINT!, CMif IVAtlVCS, A tOtVlNTS Hv (Unit,) ALLOYS AMO Mi "AM. 1C COATINGS 9 IGNI HI) fcASt MSTAL c*' t n AllOVS VtMlClf MITAIUC COATINGS SOIVINIJ AO(ilT I v( S O'Hir.k mPluussCOi.AtTaINlG Ok COAI lull ornfAS hazarooos nUTuais o* other uquios. souos, on oasis 'I Uv || !i(Unit.) TIV (L'*lt) assMce iaasos'isj r i .oil.NO WM 7m a"fc " ,, VA'OI mi HUAI inv* Mf.l at VAAOADINSHV lAIAitt SECTION III PHYSICAL DATA uaar jci'lt?1. 2 j; UU00C ,MC.t.C0.AV.,.HlOa.1(15/1!.Oc) 260 <1 mm k(AC(NT VOlATIll v votuu. mi ,, |VAfOAATlON MT( N< it Avail luA.fi..-.sii ~T.'r* 'xard ^ N.A. j C! j ' ,olu,,u,"SO^noBHeible ARklAHANCI ANO OOO* colorless to yellow oil WSO*; CSV------------------------------------------ sharp aromatic^ odor r^ SECTION IV FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARD DATA vs,a.v. ~mr-r^r.r^ax^xzjstszjittswi^ ; HASH #0Mf (Mftft*# M4 .....| ,VA,"mc,TTaiiV^ 1--: l&ltNCWlSMIMO M|C*I4 I luc,Tiest)Wi',?<5i;yct^i('^ection when f.lKhtlnft firea where exposure to p/wijur'sr'cJT' ^irsT*Tr"pos s rsi e.. ~ TlT^ vin<t*o X {'a &rVa?i cT Yc 1,1 o r 1. d o san d ch 1 orlno) cnn jLe_ojrolv_ed_ IT Tires of this product. urr.*&?+ -. _... NVF 003625 09<4lEXHIBI^NO ~LlSm N. KUNCAITJS WATER PCB-SD0000074576 Keelaiwed Aroclor SECT IOIJ V HEALTH HAZARD DATA [f1111ii'oiO i'1'11f V*lu't ~ ,*111 ct of ovtMwosum , Skin lrrUat-^on In the form of chlorachne. systematic in toxication leads to nausea, vomiting, loss of weight. edema "and JM.MOJuNCV AN() iM AID H(H.CLH'*itS -----rJadctnAja =d_.p aim l. fro::! exposure. Remove contaminated clothing. Wash contacted area with large amounts of water an<T soap. Refer to '"physician................~ sl AGK Hr SCCT I ON VI 'C ONOY REACTIVITY DATA 6* Vvoio* stahii INC0MPA1 AIIM.l1 V lo IhaZAADOuS OCCOMPOSmOM NIOOUCI.fcp, COp, HAZARDOUS AIKJN may occun WILL NOT OCCUK smoke, soot, chlorides CONOmONI TO AVOIO * and chlorine SECTION VII SPILL OR LEAK PROCEDURES "\V`*t 1r*:AJ rrovrH:i~1A<|N IN CASi WaURIAL 1$ ntllASkO.....0..*..S..P..'.U..I.O.. t- Ab!?pi?..on clax- ff.aadu.ajt-Qg-ftt.toc. toiorhsab..metL&ElftJL.. jejas.c,, Id. drums. Bury in approved chemical landfill in accordance with Local and state regulations. WASH 0141*04*1 M(IHOO Burn In an approved Incinerator In accordance with local and state regulations. nr 1 :srr^gesg*tTnfc;^g.TjatBCgraag:K3MBmj ajaatJj'asajijyuaMBBgBfeJBaBfiTiii.i SECTION VIII SPECIAL PROTECTION INFORMATION mSPHUIORv UEtOMifCoUOSN fSjeY Mss. approved respirator VlNfllAtlON 10CAI (IMAUtf Yea - for vapors MICHAMCAi (CffmO for organic iPICIAl OTHin vapors nnoicciivt Giovift Rubber OTWCS HROTICItVl lOUIPtMN? C. SECTION IX t*Hl CAUTION* TOM IA*|N.v....IN..J.X.7H...*!A.-...N..rO..r.U-rHN.*GQfuAATN`TO-r.-v-ST--T"-O" RING rriMOtiefio* Chenllcal goggles LCVBSBJ SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS rzzsz. r r:.Tc: Avoid skin and eye contact, avoid inhalation of vapors 01 MtA HlltCAUTiON* :*r ^ ~zz sSa&,:2 r^nctur^-; While the Information and recommendations set forth herein are believed to be Accurate as cf the date hereof, MONSANTO COMPANY MAKES NO WARRANTY WITH RESPECT TIICPCTO AND DISCLAIMS ALL LIABILITY .FROM RELIANCE THEREON. JAC:!iO!t: JTC:Vmi> NVF 003626 2/3/72 WATER PCB-SD0000074577 Form Approved OKfi t;0. A* R13U7 Approval tr.pires: July 30, 1572 iut v2 L/w# iljt< ir>! u'H mm mm data Fon:. Co. 03! May, 1971 %n 02- * II _.I * .C.t.v..i/.>..'.ft..... SeCTIOii 1 nlwr"4V.MC* riu^Mi no " ' "`l ' *M.MM%-O1i. N S'VAi.MNNTp O5Si;<*C':,*OCC-?u7 ryy.. iP.'l(-.Amm*N.. Y*._._d7_1_ll/_'' _C_<_i_#( ...................\ ^ 1 hOO No** in .Lindbergh noulcvara, St, Louis, Missouri 63166 i n' > * *i C 4 i. <<U<( A NO kTCCurul TNAOP NAUf AN O IVMOlIYt'* ' f r....*%N*l*.Ji^'x.'iim G.. Chlorinated aromatic Mixture t:,:n. *.fW3::vri"-AXvr: ___ ___ ___! _r .jfjCTiori ii . ma?a row j%irnyfi NiNtt, ptitnv*fiv:v t touvtNrt P U.Mt N I i TUV lUniu) AUI.OYI AMO UlTAUUC COATIIICt IASI U|r*l TUV (Unlit) CM M ST AUO* VlmCII SOlVINtS AOOIIIVl S MttAUIC COATINGS fllUS UITAC HUS COATINQ os com HUT. OTMIAS omen* HAZARDOUS UISTURIS OS OTIlES UQUIOS, SOUIOI, OR OASIS TLV I, (li..n,l n i|iiTHm>iiiiim nijiui. Mr,l I iSi^TOHFVU-T yayjfff- qr *"* SECTION III JBBBgj PHYSICAL DATA ottBBarattmEBAU'SL'LStf sr- JM-M{ POKING *OlNt ?9.\ l 3U-iasc SPICIHC GftAVirv IHjO" l|. 1Z5Z2riQl i:V_4P_O_A.P_M_S_S_O_M__i_"__H_|_,'*| 16^-21QC 3 mm OlftCTNI VOtATIU ST VOUJMS lt | VAf Oft OtNtllY IAII= l| IVAPOIUTION sak N bft Avail SUIUSKITT I negligible. ifl-JLLS. AfPiAftANCt ano oooa colorless to yellow oj | uan -1UL1 SECTION IV FIRE ANO EXPLOSION HAZARD DATA ,*\t \rfym-''Z~wvrr;:srry UASn PQlNt ui<l C 0 C 196C KAIMAHI LIMITS SI.** f Vt > Tin=K,iiLii_::.( (IlINCUItKINO "101* i*triAt list mghiing fftoctotmti -, pur p 1 vnt.r-.ry p.grtfcrffM inn '-'ben f j P~h_fcne--f lrg,l.,Wh&T.g--A1?0su7c- ----------------------- vapor or paces Is possible; iT^^^^^KliVe^^chlorider, and chlorine) can be evolved In Tiro3*~oi" this product. ' n'Aitiff .jf - ,I--- *.-..-.-i'^3>rjt3aTaMnj'<rT^r.ja.^xmxzmdcmniAtU--.cr.2--*-- NVF 003635 WATER PCB-SD0000074578 Aroclor 1248 SECTION V rnI.-m7HKI ~S.Hr'0M1s0i.Irv'krizllxsVn4tk.U-v(x-xzcazs.zr zxr.'sz z-.ST'Vz HEALTH HAZARD DATA iiucisor oviMxcosum gjt^n imitation in the form of chloracne. Systematic | intoxication levels to nausea, TCTiirrinpi'.'TUdS of weigni, UUClrra---------- fkifn";/ a*o~*nrock"t>i7t-t5 ~ ; :--~--and--aJidnEjjiaA_p.ii-Ln->----------- --- Hqinovc from exposure. Remove contaminated clothing. contacted prea with large amoifhts of vTaTtor"~arief';T6'a p~. ' ' to phys.i clan'.......... Wush RbiVp | li .mnr.v.roaj..: SrI :A.&"Ui-Ii1.1:.-. UNST AfttC SECTION VI REACTIVITY DATA CtiNOlTlON* n> AVOIU JUBlt HCOMCaTaHHIIT lo rti-ftirf; I---------MA/AHOOUS orCOMPOSlTiOp^j"6CTO`^2, X s.noke, soot, chlorides and chlor 1 ne ' )PnAOOj4MrtI0H0UI/A$1 ION MAY OCCUft Will NOT OCCUft CONOITlON$ TO AVOIO X Ban^sBsxssDBLmstrsTmKnusnsseTi^saKr. I SECTION VII SPILL OR LEAK PROCEDURES u nil's io i: l'/CVtN iN casi w'iuiii*TVs"niTsio"^*'VilTfd Absorb on clav. sawdust or other absorbent material. Place in drurns. Bury in approved chemical landfill in accordance with 1 local and state regulations. 'kurff^.n 'an* approved incinerator in accordance with local "and state regulations. -Z'inrc.T7T7i.'.:r SECTION VIII SPECIAL PROTECTION INFORMATION AtStmrAiOM MOM 6ur^aul/brffolnes approved respirator for organic vapors. VfNTMAMON lOCAl IIMAU.I ,, - Yes - for vapors mciAk MICNAMtCAk. /Ctlttall OtMC# rftOUC ttyi OtOVC9 Rubber ontt. Mouettvi lOuinMMi in *AOTCTIO* Chemical goggles urv. SECTION IX SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS I|*-5HC7C*rAuVAriJslvOvN?o4;l*atrorxjsvIk.A"i.nitNj INaMnAaNOeiliMmvGgeaAHncOoTotTnoOwNt*anNgac" t, avoaid aIn^halatiAoni" of v< r* r. 42x;k*z' vapors. I-.-*;: i-------------------------- ------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------ j (mu ft MM CAUTIONS ' t-- \~-zzr. While the information and recommendations set forth herein are believed to be accurate as of the date hereof, MONSANTO COMPANY MAKES NO WARRANT/ WITH RESPECT THERETO AND 01SCLAI MS ALL LIABILITY FROM RELIANCE THEREON. JAG:l!Oii: JTG :VJHP l/2!3/72 HHf 00363fr WATER PCB-SD0000074579 form Approved 0MB No. 44-R1387 Approval Expires: ) July 30, 1972 U.S. On'iiilTLiEiiT Gf LAUGH Form No. OSH/ May, 1971 HAtEPiSAL SAFETY BATA SHEET SECTION I ,, *4 *.!'I >4u| |W(*t(NC ' nq. * ?.*ONT.ANTO COMPANY f 31 h ) i'oii.) nno 4 * 7 4f * 1 Urt*tt t% n . >,*#* te* fly C *4*. , , . ./ jOw Norm Lsncoor:n Boulevard, St, Lome* Misoouri 63166 T mu( tttO ItuOnvui Mixture___________ '"b"KfdfVhatc<l aromatic 9OAUns> Areclor 1?p fixture SECTION II H/.Z'.PPOJ.'S |wp*tn?*JTS *AIN>, f Mil RVl'.Vtl, ft JOkVlNtt iWINIJ % T L* HI****! allots *mo mctallic coaumcs lAllUITAL - ; 4i ir vl*iClC 1 AUOtt i 1 hciauic eoiiiHct I3.VIMI *c9'vi liul* UIIA4 nut C04H40 e* cn*i uui OfHlil w*|ll | Hit ARDOVH Mil TUN 11 OF OTHtA LIQUIDS, ULIDI, 01 61UI 1 | |~ Hi Olol'fl - % TV. V <UH.1 t sxsxtxsmcm,-mi wot awaaoflt'BrTB-c SECTION III PHYSICAL DATA )nacwiMlMWA(aMii>uiviUBi:iNuwii>MmMw>WBiaui ii". I -o.m r.. 76o mm 3<i3-l00oC \i:>*tc c*4v>i. ijO- ( j 1 .''.30 ss-i100-??0C 1 ..................."tiVb nrrllr-Mo 3 mn *trini votAtiii Vl.llAII l\l IvoruhON aatt - - 'I N. A . <ri <0.012 ( I|I1CI ># 003* Vni 1 nv. v < . (rtMf. nl 1 nror.ntlc rntnr ggmiU'fnq.iiiiiwiUTh*--.>Aiiimw mi * MWNWUMagpxiioaaTTj SECTION Oi>>t imi<M H IINCWH-<^. M0'A IV FIRE AMO EXPLOSION HAZAP.O ^i^rimrawjsr HUjok,,n^e | it.iMMu iw'M OAT A hfT^ k <***! '`OCI3HII Per.plrntorv protection when flrhtln^ po vapors or cases Is possible. h(rw rrpnri>pn- Chlorides and chlorine) can be evolved In IfIres of this product. m- n --I -- nr r yr-n~r-- NVF 003637 WATER PCB-SD0000074580 ruui`n- i*?*' >tt I i UN V health hazarq data r^I ^,Trt rV\""Wni.uT.i''ir'ri I * w ~ `5 r/r.J of air r.Tarr* ifffifflO* Ovl 81 lF05i#*f _. : Skin irritation in the form of chlcracne, systematic Intoxication ! j leads to nausea, vomiting, loss oi v.eign*, cue-.a ana aoao.ninai par j Hcmovc from exposure. Remove contaminated cTotK<n<- Wash | contacted area with large amounts of watcr-and soap. Refer to u physician. L V.Sr1;aAIHTg.ltmiau UNStAttl SECTION V! REACTIVITY DATA rjrnnmczuianss n::u; ITMIf l*tC0MAlAIHl1' U* _ MAJAIOOUl 0(COU*0$l1lO* HOOuCCUO. C__Oo. smo,ke, soot, chlorides and chlorine M4J/U00V* MAT OCCUS COHOlTIONS TO AVOID mu not occua X L i | U7C, .milVJ^*g^noi^iugMaw^siasrgaaaefisqgs^aa^j ja*s SECTION VII SPILL OP. LEAK PROCEDURES r , , .. ..fVty-Bl'nliAr".tibji'ts.' uolCr*Tb.B-CAo-nH*..acr0la3'rvm,r*r..sma* ww.du!utsret ro(Sr7Borrt3anaecrc absoroant material. . Place in drums. Bury in approved chemical landfill in accoraance with local and state regulations. **l,|Burf>t*\n "an approved Incinerator in accordance with local and state regulations. SECTION VIII SPECIAL PROTECTION INFORMATION .....................................,,f'Sureav of Kim a approved rern*. rntor for ornnlc VI Nil! A llOto iocai n*ui yes - for vapors vapors. MICMAMC M KimhH OIM fOO'IC'WI l.tllwH Rubber lil rmicmm Chemical j'.orr.lus fllMlft *fc<|i|Ctvt lOVl^Kl ftr&a 1 SECTION IX SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS ",c"A!tfolu` `sk^'n ana JC7*cor.Va'ct, avoid lnhalaticn of vapors OlMtA tatc AUllOKi ( -- rmsna NVF 003638 uou: While the information and recommendations set forth herein arc believed to be accurate as of the date hereof, MONSANTO COMPANY MAKES NO WARRANTY WITH RESPECT THERETO AND DISCLAIMS ALL LIABILITY FROM RELIANCE THEREOM. JAG :liOH: JTC :WBP . . , 1/25/7 2 WATER PCB-SD0000074581 Form Approved 0MB No. 4 4 - R1387 ( pproval Expires: July 30, 1972 li.S. DEPAEIliEilT Of LASOR Form No. QSHA-2 May, 1971 MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET iy mu ilit jk M SECTION I MONSANTO COMPANY _________;, w(M(nC i MUwon( wr 3lM.6PA-11*om. i00 Nortn Lindocrsh Boulevard, St. Louie, Miseouri 63166 - % sM( nC IrnON'Wt f *401 Miy( 4MO I'NONfWl fixture___________ Aroclor 12^. fAi^.m rKfoflnated aromatic "fixture 'tID'l. HI 11 *'! 1, t ; i V<MlCV| roi*'vi c.'m mSomEuCmTION II HAZARDOUS INOr > | ( *LlO*t 4H0 Mf T.LUC CO.TInSI ff MfT.l - AU0* _ wir*u'C co.riMCS 'mi vir.t iu co.i'.c o* coy nut OIMIIS MlZABOOUt MIITUMt or OTmII U0U10I, VOLIOS. OB 04111 % u lU.xil - ' % tv V SECTI ON III PHYSICAL DATA I .wu.se ................... 760 nun 365-*00C ic C44vi 25/25 C) 1.530 j .0.1S0.220C | > 4*0* Ol"|lTV IAIA- l ne/tll<rible 3 mn <0.012 MClNf VOlAt'lt VOlVWf i%l l V4PQ94TI0N 84H i Bn A r* =n N. A . <1 noooo Yellow viscous oil aromatic cdarormrnim.myr-Tr- '-r- SECTION IV FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARD DATA l imCuitNtNC mMO'A I IMC'As *M iiQtafiNQ 'AOCIOWMI B-esplratory protection .when fighting nris whovo I>pn-.nre. R*.o vapors or pa sea is possible. 1-pY^l?/*lt^?.l`ivci^al5SV*t;iahloride3 and chlorine) can be evolved In fires of this product. NVF 003641 WATER PCB-SD0000074582 Aroclor 1254 SECTION V HEALTH HAZARD DATA o i5 np/-j of air I I 11C ' S 01 Ovlt iOSu*l _,, Skin irritation lrt the Torn of chloracne, systematic leads to nausea, vonitinc, loss or weight, edema and p- *"0 Mill *10 OC(Out s Hcnove from exposure. Rerove contaminated cloth<nr. I contacted area with lares amounts of water and soap. intoxlccrii in aodor.ina'j Warh Refer to [i physician. `,1 AHu.M WNJT ASM SECTION VI REACTIVITY DATA vN 3> 9>*w09A*vUiQ JTASlt NC OM*a t AlUlIv /UlIXIlIl |a;**00uS 0(C0M0iHi0X HOOUCTJ *JADOVi 'OtTUI |J AliON U*v OCCUA NOT OCCUA CONOITION* TO iVOlO X SECTION VII SPILL OR LEAK PROCEDURES "TT-T . m i..ii.s c * .* **,imjiu> 4. ii>> iito cii Absorb on clav, sawdust or other ahsorbant material. Place In drums. Bury in approved chemical landfill In accordance with local and state regulations. 5 **s'Wrn*\n'an approved Incinerator In accordance with local and state regulations. SECTION VIII SPECIAL PROTECTION INFORMATION Bureau.,o> i 10> *0UC>>&*.| >r*t ii nr* of Mines approved respirator for organic Vi N IILAtiON iocm Yes - for vapors vapors. U|CM4*ICM l jj PsOUC'ivI CtOvlV Rubber OtHI# m*onctioN Chemical goggles j{ | i Gt-l "0'K'iv iQglMMNt SECTION IX SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS n'/oidJ sx`n ancl''faeve*cvont*Kct. avoid Inhalation of vaoors OI-l faiCAV'.ONl NVF 003642 Wnilc the information and recommendations set forth herein are believed to be accurate as of the date hereof, MONSANTO COMPANY MAKES NO WARRANTY WITH RESPECT THERETO AND DISCLAIMS ALL LIABILITY FROM RELIANCE THEREON. JAG: HOH: JTG:WBP ' 1/25/7 2 WATER PCB-SD0000074583 Monsanto COMPANY 800 N. Lindbergh Boulevard St. Louis. Miaaeuri 83168 13141 OXfard 4-1000 March 3, 1969 omAnsc dtmttCMi orm/on On February 24, the San Francisco Chronicle carried a major feature about "a menancing new pollutant" found in the San Francisco Bay area. The article was based on marine life re search carried out by Dr. Robert Risebrough of the University of California. It stated that residues of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) wore killing certain marine birds and posed a long-term threat to humans. This story has caused considerable comment on the West Coast and its claims may be repeated elsewhere. As you know, Monsanto manufactures polychlorinated biphenyl and markets it under our Aroclor trade name. We, therefore, would like to present some additional facts. " The work done by Dr. Risebrough dates back to earlier research by other scientists to analyze the amount of pesticides in wildlife, soil and water. The initial pesticide research was extremely difficult since any search to detect materials in the parts-perbdllioa range also brings out other "interferring" substances. NVF 003699 WATER PCB-SD0000074584 -2- Several year* ago, two Swedish scientists at Stockholm University's Institution of Analytical Chemistry, Professor Gunnar Widmark and Soren Jensen, reported they had identified the other substances which were appearing during analysis of chlorinated pesticide resi dues. They said some of the materials were polychlorinated biphenyls or PCB. The amount reported was in the part*-per-billion range, or less. Since PCB's are not "broadcast" or spread around the land as are pesticides, the scientists theorized that the source must be the industrial wastes of PCB users. Dr. Risebrough's more recent work reports the identification of PCB, along with DDT and DDE pesticides, in the tissues of birds and fish on the West Coast. The conclusioneof these scientists are puzzling from several aspects. Polychlorinated biphenyls are stable chemical compounds which are essentially insoluble in water. Their use does not make them easily released into the natural environment. A principal market for PCB is in electrical applications where they are used as insulating fluids for transformers and capacitors. In this use, the chemical is completely sealed in metal containers. Another market is for heat transfer applications where the PCB fluid functions in a closed system. PCB's are also used in several "plastic type" applications. Here the chemical is incorporated into the polymer as an integral part of the solid mate rial. This applies whether the polyme r is used as an adhesive, an elastomer or a surface coating. N The Swedish and American scientists also imply that polychlorinated biphenyls are "highly toxic" chemicals. This is simply not true. The toxicity of any material, whether it be chemicals, drugs, natural plants or even foods, is relative. Compared to the thousands of industrial chemicals and home products, PCB's are not toxic unless they are mishandled or misused. During more than thirty years of U. S. production and use, cases of any toxic effect have been extremely rare -- and then only where the simple precautions recommended for use were not followed. NVF 003700 WATER PCB-SD0000074585 -3- To our knowledge, polychlorinated biphenyls are not sprayed or dusted on crops, woodlands or any other areas, as are pesticides. It is, therefore, not only puzzling, but extremely difficult to con ceive how commercially produced PGB can show up in wildlife as DOT and other pesticides appear to be. This raises the question whether the substance identified in the Swedish work, and now in California, is actually PCB -- or whether they are materials which, due to the metabolism of other materials in the marine environment, appears to be PCB. Unfortunately, even though techniques for analyzing tissue samples have become quite precise, the ability to analyze the possible impact of naturally occurring substances in the food cycle of living,, organisms has not made comparable advances. Monsanto has a research program to confirm the identity of the compounds reported to be PCB by the Swedish and California scientists. We also cooperate, on a regular basis, with federal, state and university laboratories in their analysis of chlorinated hydrocarbon residues. Additionally, Monsanto will continue to exercise the highest degree of control in its manufacturing, shipping and storage of PCB --as we do with all products. In the functional fluids market, we have carried out a program for several years for the reclamation of used PCB's to avoid disposal of these valuable materials. The source of the marine life residue identified as PCB is not yet known. It will take extensive research, on a worldwide basis, to confirm or deny the initial scientific conclusions. We will keep you advised of our own research and are available to answer questions as they may arise. Very truly yours, /ecd Elmer P. Wheeler Manager Environmental Health NVF 003701 WATER PCB-SD0000074586 Monsanto COMPANY S00 N. Lindbergh Boulavard Si. Louis. Missouri 83100 (31AJ Oxford 4-1000 March 3, 1969 OmUfK OHWCMJ OIYISIOH On February 24, the San Franciaco Chronicle carried a major feature about "a menancing new pollutant" found in the San Franciaco Bay area. The article was baaed on marine life re search carried out by Or. Robert Risebrough of the University of California. It stated that residues of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) wore killing certain marine birds and posed a long-term threat to humans. This story has caused considerable comment on the West Coast and its claims may be repeated elsewhere. As you know, Monsanto manufactures polychlorinated biphenyl and markets it under our Aroclor trade name. We, therefore, would like to present some additional facts. ' The work done by Dr. Risebrough dates back to earlier research by other scientists to analyze the amount of pesticides in wildlife, soil and water. The initial pesticide research was extremely difficult since any search to detect mate rials in the parts-perbillion range also brings out other "interferring" substances. NVF 003699 WATER PCB-SD0000074587 -2- Several years ago, two Swedish scientists at Stockholm University's Institution of Analytical Chemistry, Professor Gunnar Widmark and Soren Jensen, reported they had identified the other substances which were appearing during analysis of chlorinated pesticide resi dues. They said some of the materials were polychlorinated biphenyls or PCB. The amount reported was in the parts-per-billion range, or less. Since PCB's are not "broadcast" or spread around the land as are pesticides, the scientists theorized that the source must be the industrial wastes of PCB users. Or. Risebrough's more recent work reports the identification of PCB, along with DOT and DDE pesticides, in the tissues of birds and fish on the West Coast. The conclusionsof these scientists are puzzling from several aspects. Polychlorinated biphenyls are stable chemical compounds which are essentially insoluble in water. Their use does not make them easily released into the natural environment. A principal market for PCB is in electrical applications where they are used as insulating fluids for transformers and capacitors. In this use, the chemical is completely sealed in metal containers. Another market is for heat transfer applications where the PCB fluid functions in a closed system. PCB's are also used in several "plastic type" applications. Here the chemical is incorporated into the polymer as an integral part of the solid mate rial. This applies whether the polymer is used as an adhesive, an elastomer or a surface coating. ,, The Swedish and American scientists also imply that polychlorinated biphenyls are "highly toxic" chemicals. This is simply not true. The toxicity of any material, whether it he chemicals, drugs, natural plants or even foods, is relative. Compared to the thousands of industrial chemicals and home products, PCB's are not toxic unless they are mishandled or misused. During more than thirty years of U.S. production and use, cases of any toxic effect have been extremely rare -- and then only where the simple precautions recommended for use were not followed. NVF 003700 WATER PCB-SD0000074588 -3- To our knowledge, polychlorinated biphenyls are not sprayed or dusted on crops, woodlands or any other areas, as are pesticides. It is, therefore, not only puzzling, but extremely difficult to con ceive how commercially produced PCB can show up in wildlife as DOT and other pesticides appear to be. This raises the question whether the substance identified in the Swedish work, and now in California, is actually PCB --or whether they are materials which, due to the metabolism of other materials in the marine environment, appears to be PCB. Unfortunately, even though techniques for analyzing tissue samples have become quite precise, the ability to analyze the possible impact of naturally occurring substances in the food cycle of living, organisms has not made comparable advances. Monsanto has a research program to confirm the identity of the compounds reported to be PCB by the Swedish and California scientists. We also cooperate, on a regular basis, with federal, state and university laboratories in their analysis of chlorinated hydrocarbon residues. Additionally, Monsanto will continue to exercise the highest degree of control in its manufacturing, shipping and storage of PCB --as we do with all products. In the functional fluids market, we have carried out a program for several years for the reclamation of used PCB's to avoid disposal of these valuable materials. The source of the marine life residue identified as PCB is not yet known. It will take extensive research, on a worldwide basis, to confirm or deny the initial scientific conclusions. We will keep you advised of our own research and are available to answer questions as they may arise. Very truly yours, /ecd Elmer P. Wheeler Manager Environmental Health NVF 003701 WATER PCB-SD0000074589 Monsanto Thia warning letter was sent to the following four distri butors s E. M. Toby, President American Mineral Spirits Co. Division of Union Oil of California 1345 Avenue of the Americas New York, New York 10019 Mr. Carl Oiloth Central Solvents & Chemical Co. 2540 West Pluornoy Street Chicago, Illinois 60612 Mr. W. C. McCall, President Oreat Western Chemical Co. 3720 North West Yeon Ave. Portland, Oregon 97210 Mr. C. J. Turriff, President Tab Chemical Co. 4801 South Austin Chicago, Illinois 60638 Thia is the same list as used in May 25, 1970 letter. P. W. Gann /me : N q v 72 NVF 000063 WATER PCB-SD0000074590 Monsanto Ciii :mh ai. (Company ooo Nobtu Lindbbboh Boouvaib St. Louis ee, Mxssouux , PYDRAUI. 7-9 TOXICITY AND SAFE HANDLING INFORMATION Extensive animal experiment; 1 work has been done on Pydraul P-9, In the case of oral feeding:, it was round that the minimum lethal dose for rats was 10.6 to 15.8 grams per kilogram of body weight. In rabblt3, tl e oral MLD was 0,57 to O.85 grams; in both cases the undiluted material was introduced into the animal stomach by means of z. rubber tube catheter. Pydraul P-9 was patch testec full strength according to the method of Schwartz and Peck, which is the standard test for Industrial chemicals. Two Kindred and five volunteers were tested and there was no evicence of primary skin Irritation sensitization. _ The material was tested for its vapor phase toxicity by exposing animals to saturated atmosphere concentrations in suitable, chambers. This part of the investigation involved not only, the vapors of Pydraul P-9 itself but also experiments where the fluid was dropped on Incone] surfaces heated po 1050P and 1250P. In all cases the toxicity was roughly comparable to that of petroleum-based hydraulic fluids as far as short-terra massive exposures are concerned. When splashed or sprayed into the eyes, Pydraul P-9 causes burning and smarting; however, there have been no reports of lasting damage. In treating eye irritation following intro duction of Pydraul, copious and prolonged washing is recom mended.. To relieve the irritation, physicians have used 1# Pontocaine solution as well as ophthalmic cortisone acetate solution. Regarding the effect of Pydraul F-9 on workers, we have not experienced any injuries during its manufacture. We advise in safe handling that following prolonged or repeated skin contact, the material be washed off and that the material be kept out of the' dyes. If prolonged contact with the decomposition produots at elevated temperatures sheuid occur, respiratory protection is necessary. For short periods such as would occur in turning off a machine following a breakdown, no such protection is necessary . 1/7/64 R. Qnmett Kelly, M. D Medical Director NVF 003585 NI. KUNNCCAAIITTlls WATER PCB-SD0000074591 Monsanto Montento Company 800 N. Lindbergh Soulavard St. Loui*. Missouri 83108 (3U) oxford 4-1000 PYDRAUL F-Q TOXICITY AND SAFE HANDLINO INFORMATION Extensive animal experimental work has been done on Pydraul P-9. In the case of oral feedings, it was found that the minimum lethal dose for rats was 10.6 to 15.8 grams per kilogram of body weight. In rabbits, the oral MID was 0.57 to 0.85 grams; in both cases the undiluted material was introduced into the animal stomach by means of a rubber tube catheter. Pydraul P-9 was patch tested full strength according to the method of Schwartz and Peck, which is the standard test for . industrial chemicals. Two hundred and five volunteers were " tested and there was no evidence of primary skin irritation or sensitization. The material was tested for its vapor phase toxicity by exposing animals to saturated atmosphere concentrations in suitable chambers. This part of the investigation involved not only the vapors of Pydraul P-9 itself but also experiments where the fluid was dropped on Inconel surfaces heated to 1050P and 1250P. In all cases the toxicity was roughly comparable to that of petroleum-based hydraulic fluids as far as short-term massive exposures are concerned. When splashed or sprayed into the eyes, Pydraul P-9 causes burning and smarting; however, there have been no reports of -lasting damage. In treating eye irritation following intro duction of Pydraul copious and prolonged washing is recommended. To relieve the Irritation, physicians have used 1% pontocaine solution as well as ophthalmic cortisone acetate solution. Regarding the effect of Pydraul P-9 on workers, we have not experienced any injuries during its manufacture. We advise in BaTe handling that following prolonged or repeated skin contact, the material be washed off and that the material be kept out of . the eyes. If prolonged contact with the decomposition products \at elevated temperatures should occur, respiratory protection is necessary. For short periods such as would occur in turning 0 a machine following a breakdown, no such protection is necessary. May 3> 1968 R. Emmet Kelly, M.D. Medical Director NVF 003595 WATER PCB-SD0000074592 P^ffRAUL P-9 TOXICITY Sa SAFB HANDLING INFORMATION Extensive animal experimental work has baen dona on- Pydraul P-9. In the caaa of oral readings it was found that tha minimum lethal dosa for rats wad 10.6 to 15*0 grams par kilogram of body weight. In rabbits tha oral MLD was 0.57 to O.85 grama) in both cases the undiluted material was introduced into tha animal stomach by means of a rubber tuba catheter. Pydraul P-9 was patch-tested full strength according to tha method of Schwartz and Peck, which is the standard test for industrial chemicals. Two hundred and five volunteers were tested and there was no evidence of primary skin irritation or Bensitization. The material was tested for its vapor phaae toxicity by exposing animals to saturated atmosphere concentrations in suitable chambers. This part of tha investigation involved not only the vapors of Pydraul P-9 itself but also experiments where the fluid was dropped on Inconel surfaces heated to 1050P. and 1250P. In all oases the toxicity was roughly comparable to that of petroleum-baaed hydraulic fluids aa far as short-term masaive exposuree are concerned. When splashed or sprayed into the eyes, Pydraul P-9 causes burning and smarting! however, there have been no reports of lasting damage. In treating eye irritation following introduction of Pydraul, copious and prolonged washing is recommended. To relieve the irritation, physloiana have used 1% pontocalne solution as well as opthalmio cortisone acetate solution. Regarding the effeot of Pydraul P-9 on workers, we have not experienced any injuries during its manufacture. We advise in safe handling that following prolonged or repeated skin contact, the material be washed off and that the material be kept out of the eyes. If prolonged contact with tha deooraposl-. tion products at elevated temperatures should occur, respira tory protection is necessary. For short periods such as would occur in turning off a machine following a breakdown, no suoh protection la necessary. NVP 003561 WATER PCB-SD0000074593 TOXICITY OF PYDflAUL FLUIDS Pydraul _F-,9 Thero hna boon considerable toxicity roaoarch on Pydraul F-9, Attached la a diflcu8Blon mid interpretation of the toxioity studies. 'Hie results may bo euiwnarized in a briefer fashion ao follows: In the caoo of oral feedings, it was fouikl that the minimum lethal doso for rats was 10.0 to 15.0 grains per kilogram of body weight. In rabbits, the oral MLD was O.57 to O.Cb grams; in both ensoa the undiluted material was introduced into the animal atomach by means of a rubber tube catheter. Pydraul F-9 was patch tested full strength according to the method of Schwarts and Peok, which is the standard test for in dustrial chemicals. Two hundred and fiva volunteers were tested and thore was no evidence of primary skin irritation or sensi tization, Pydraul 625 Tho Oral LD50 of 3^3 grams per kilogram when tested with rats, and the Oral Minimum Lethal Dose of 4.25 to 5,00 grams per kilo gram when tested with rabbits indicate that Pydraul 25 may be olassed as "relatively harmless" to "slightly toxio" from the standpoint of oral ingestion. Potential irritation studies with rabbits show that it la only a mild irritant to skin and eyes. In acute vapor inhalation studies, rata survived a six-hour expo sure to atmospheres saturated with vapors of the product. The above figures are lower than those obtained in studies with Pydraul ?-9, This comparison is significant since Pydraul F-9 has been used since 1949 with no reports of skin irritation or other toxic effects, Pydraul 150 The toxicity report on Pydraul 150 indicates that it is praotioally Innocuous when fed orally to rate since the animals sur vived single doses of 20,5 grams per kilogram with loss of appetite and severe diarrhea as the only toxic effoots. The fluid apparently is not absorbed through the unbroken skin of rabbits since this species survived doses up to 9.5 grams per kilogram of body weight. In rabbit skin and eye irritation studios, Pydraul 150 was no more Irritating than a 10 soap solu tion tosted similarly. As indicated with pydraul F-9, however, Pydraul 150 will cause severe pain if there is accidental splashing in the eyes of huoans. Rats survived a six-hour exposure to an atmosphere saturated with Pydraul 150 vapors. NVF 003366 WATER PCB-SD0000074594 -2- Pydraul A-2QQ Our interpretation of the toxicity data obtained on this newer synthetic hydraulic fluid is tliat accidental inee3t.lon la not a particular hazard in view of tho high oral lethal doao (Oral LD,0* 10,>00 rnfydcg). similarly, single massive skin exposures should not he immediately hazardous (Slcin MU): 025 to 1,250 The lethal dooe following akin penetration is such, howevor, that prolonged and repeated akin contact should be avoided, 3uoh exposure muat also be avoided to prevent skin irritation. We also feel that vapor inhalation should be avoided when the fluid Is at elevated temperatures, such exposure again relates to prolonged or repeated exposures rather than massive or aouto exposure. In the case of the latter, worlanen would probably not voluntarily subject themselves to concentrations that are hazardous for short periods. Pydraul AC In animal toxicity studies with Pydraul AC, the oral lethal dose in rats is approximately 40 grams per kilogram and for rabbits, 3.5 to 4,5 grams per kilogram. The greater sensitivity of rabbits is typloal of this type of fluid. This lethal dose is of ouch on order, however, that the fluid may be considered only "slightly toxic" to man from the standpoint of aooidental ingestion of single oral doses. The fluid may be absorbed through the unbroken skin of rabbits in doses resulting in death, but again the minimum lethal dose is such that accidental massive skin oxposuros to man do not presont a hazard, akin and eye irri tation studies with rabbits would classify the fluid as a mild irritant* Laboratory animals survived six-hour exposures to an atmosphere saturated with the vapors of the fluid. On the basis of-this data, it is concluded that Pydraul AC requires no special handling precautions other than avoiding prolonged or repeated skin contact, Aooidental splashing in the eyes will rosult in moderately severe pain and irritation but no permanent damage should rosult. NVF 003567 WATER PCB-SD0000074595 Monsanto ('iiemk al Company m>o Month ImiimuH H> i.imhii ( W 1 l-OI IN *Hi. M|M<iI Ml PYDRAUI, F-9 TOXICITY AND SAFE HANDLING IMFORMATICN Extensive animal experimental work has been done cn Pydraui F-9. Ir. the case of oral feedings, it was found that the minimum ' lethal dose for rats was 10.o to 1';..8 gram3 per kilogram of body weight. In rabbits, the oral MLC was 0.57 to 0.83 grams; in both cases the undiluted material was Introduced into the animal stomach by means of a rubber tube catheter. Pydraui P-9 was patch tested full strength according to the ` method of Schwartz and Peck, which is the standard test for - industrial chemicals. Two hundred and five volunteers were- tested and there was no evidence of primary skin irritation or sensitization, The material was tested for its vapor phase toxicity by exposing animals to saturated atmosphere concentrations in suitable chambers. This part of the investigation involved not only the vapors of Pydraui P-9 Itself but also experiments where the fluid was dropped on Inconel surfaces heated to lO^OOF. and 1250P. In all cases the toxicity was roughly comparable to that of petroleum-based hydraulic fluids as far as short-term massive exposures are concerned. When splashed or sprayed into the eyes, Pydraui F-9 causes burning and smarting; however, there have been no reports of lasting damage. In treating eye irritation following intro duction of Pydraui, copious and prolonged washing is recom mended. To relieve the irritation, physicians have used 1% Pontocaine solution as well a3 ophthalmic cortisone acetate solution. ' Regarding the effect of Pydraui F-9 on workers, we have not experienced any injuries during its manufacture. We advise in safe handling that following prolonged or repeated skin contact, the material be washed off and that the material be kept out; of the eyes. If prolonged contact with the decomposition products at elevated temperatures should occur, respiratory protection is necessary. For short periods such as would occur in turning off a machine following a breakdown, no such protection is necessary. NVF 003569 WATER PCB-SD0000074596 fojgacm or rnsum. nm ?rw,ij There has tsan oonaidsrable fcoctioifcy research on Tydraul 7-9. Attached is dissuasion And interpretation of the tsxlslty studies. fits results are also suramrissd in a briefer fashion an pas# Id of tbs sneloesd Tydraul 7-9 Teshnieal Bulletin. Ths Oxml Ufeo of 34.3 grans par kilogren when tested with rats, and ths oral Minimal Lethal Doss of 4.33 to 3,00 gnaw per kllogran than tsstsd with rabbits lndisats that Tydraul 6a$ say bs elaseed as "relatively hamles#" to "slightly ttscis" fren ths standpoint of oral ingestion. Potential irritation studisa with rabbits shew that it is only a slid irritant to sum and eyas. Us aaut* vapor inhalation nudist, rata survived a 6-hour esaosure to ataoaphsrsa saturatsd with vapors of ths produet. The above figures art lonsr than thee* obtained in studisa with Tydraul 7-9* Tkim eenparleea is slgnlflsant sinsoi Tydraul 7-9 haa bssa used sins# 19*1 with ns reports of akin, irritation or othsr toms sffoots. mzrnkm ffe* toaialty report on Tydraul 199 iniisatss that it is prastisally innosuous when fsd orally ta vats aims ths anSaals survived slngl* dsess of a8.9 grans psr kUograa with Isas of appetite and ssvsre diarrhea as the only tenia offsets. fhs fluid apparently is not absorbsd through ths uabrotoan ekia of rabbits siase tnU apsaiss aurvlred doses m ts 9*9 grans psr kilogran of body might, in rabbit akin as sys irritation studios, rydraul 199 was ns nors irritating than a 190 aoap solution tssted similarly. As ladisated with ryireul 7-9. how ever, Tydraul 199 will sanas esvsrt pain if thsrs ia aseidsntal apAashlag In ths qr*s of fcnaaas. Rata survived a 6-hour #pssuro ts an atnsephare eatwretsd with Tydraul 199 vapors. Tydraul A-399 Our intawatatien sf ths teniolty data obtained on this newer ayathatis fcoNhsulls field is that aasidental ingestion is not 9 partisular haaard in vise of ths high orsl lethal doss (Oral XJkAt 19,989 giadlariy, alng!* aasnlve skin expesureS^hsuld net b* Lnnsdlately hasardena (flkia mm 689 ts 1.359 fhs lethal daas following skin pmtration is ausn, however, that prsloagsd and repeated akin sontaat should ba avsided. tush exposure aunt alas bs avoided ts pre- vsnt akin irritation. Ms alas fssl that vapor inhalstion should b# avoids* whan ths fluid is at alsvatsi tswgwwatures. flush exposure again relstss ts prolonged or repeated exposures rethsr than nassivs or asuts exposure. Xn ths sass of ths latter, workmen would probably not volmtsrily aubJsst thsnsslvss to ooneentrationa tlare basardous for short periods. NVF 003571 WATER PCB-SD0000074597 -8- ftiankMk In anlml tooioity studio# Kith Tr&emX Ad. tho ami lothol doM in rata la appraninatoly 40 grano par kUogrsn and for rabbits, 3.5 to 4.5 grans par kllamn. fho groatar sensi tivity of rabbits la typiool of this type of fluid, this lathal doo* la of suoh aa ordor* howsvor, that tha fluid nay bo eonoldorod only "slightly tools" to bob fraa tho standpoint of aosidantal ingestion of slngla oral doaaa. tho fluid nay bo absorbed through tha unbrotoon shin of rabbits in doaaa moulting In dsath# tost again tha nJj&lmai lsthal dost la sueh that aosidantal naaalva skin eaposuros to nan do not praaant a hssord. aid* and sya irritation studios nlth rabbits would classify tho fluid as a nild Irritant, laboratory aninolo survlvsd ala-hour exposures ta an ataosphsfe saturated mth tho venom of tho fluid, on tha basis of thia data, it la aonoludsd that Pydrau1 Ad requires na spsolol handling pneoautions othar than avoiding pmlonaad or rapooted skin oontaot. Aoaldontai splashing in tha arts Mil moult in nsdamtoly . savaro pom and irritation tui no psmnent dmagt should result. fiVF Q035J2 WATER PCB-SD0000074598 TOXICITY OP PYDRAUL FLUIDS Pydraul P-9 Thera has been considerable toxicity research on Pydraul p-9. Attaohed is a discussion and interpretation of the toxicity studies. The results are also summarized in a briefer fashion on page 18 of the enclosed Pydraul P-9 Technical Bulletin.* Pydraul 625 The Oral LD50 of 34.3 grams per kilogram when tested with rats, and the Oral Minimum Lethal Dose of 4.25 to 5.00 grams per kilogram when tested with rabbits Indicate that Pydraul 625 may be classed as "relatively harmless" to slightly toxic" from the standpoint of oral lngeation. Potential irritation studies with rabbits show that it is only a mild irritant to skin and eyes. In acute vapor Inhalation studies, rats survived a 6-hour exposure to atmospheres saturated with vapors of the produot. The above figures are lower than those obtained in studies with Pydraul P-9. This comparison is significant since Pydraul P-9 has been used since 1949 with no reports of skin irritation or other toxic effects. ' Pydraul 150 The toxicity report on Pydraul 150 indicates that it is prac tically innocuous when fed orally to rats since the animals survived single doses of 28.5 grams per kilogram with loss of appetite and severe diarrhea as the only toxic effects. The fluid apparently is not absorbed through the unbroken skin of rabbits since this species survived doses up to 9.5 grams per kilogram of body weight. In rabbit skin and eye'irritation studies, Pydraul 150 waB no more irritating than a 10# soap solution tested similarly. As indicated with Pydraul P-9, how ever;' Pydraul 150 will cause severe pain if there is accidental splashing in the eyes of humans. Rats survived a 6-hour ex posure to an atmosphere saturated with Pydraul 150 vapors. Pydraul A-200 Our interpretation of the toxicity data obtained on this newer synthetic hydraullo fluid is that accidental ingestion is not a particular hazard in view of the high oral lethal dose (Oral LDcq, 10,500 mg/kg). Similarly, single massive skin exposures should not be immediately hazardous (Skin MLD: 625 to 1,250 mg/kg). The lethal dose following skin penetration is suoh, however, that prolonged and repeated skin contact This bulletin is out of print 1 see summary attached. NVP 003573 WATER PCB-SD0000074599 Pydraul A-2Q0 (Cont'd,) should be avoided. Suoh exposure must also be avoided to pre vent skin irritation. We also feel that vapor Inhalation should be avoided when the fluid is at elevated temperatures. Such exposure again relates to prolonged or repeated exposures rather than massive or aoute exposure. In the case of the latter, workmen would probably not voluntarily subject themselves to concentrations that are hazardous for short periods. Pydraul AC In animal toxicity studies with Pydraul AC, the oral lethal dose in rats is approximately 40 grams per kilogram and for rabbits, 3.5 to 4.5 grams per kilogram. The greater sensi tivity of rabbits is typical of this type of fluid. This lethal dose is of such an order, however, that the fluid may be considered only "slightly toxic" to man from the standpoint of accidental ingestion of single oral doses. The fluid may be absorbed through the unbroken skin of rabbits in doses resulting in death, but again the minimum lethal dose is such that accidental massive skin exposures to man do not present a ' hazard. Skin and eye irritation studies with rabbits would classify the fluid as a mild irritant. Laboratory animals survived six-hour exposures to an atmosphere saturated with the vapors of the fluid. On the basis of this data, it la concluded that Pydraul AC requires no special handling pre cautions other than avoiding prolonged or repeated skin contact. Accidental splashing in the eyes will result in moderately severe pain and irritation but no permanent damage should result. 4/15/60 R. Emmet Kelly, M. D. Medical Director MONSANTO CHEMICAL COMPANY The material in this report is to be used in development of the product and may be given to responsible sales contacts, but it is not to be used by them in advertising oopy. The source of this material is not to be divulged until it appears in formal publications. No exceptions to the established rule may be made without the approval of the Medical De partment in St. Louis. Customers' inquiries regarding matters of toxicity are to be referred as before to the Medical Department in St. Louis for reply. --Monsanto Chemical Company NVF 00357* WATER PCB-SD0000074600 DRAUL F-9 for hyd^apltc equipment operating near possible sources of ignition -RBU ifl M T FLUID equaJ/Wo premium grade petroleum fluids in Iwncity, stability and service life. NVF 003231 WATER PCB-SD0000074601 I. QUESTION: fA"FI#KB-lB9ISTANflFLUID?1 ANSWER: mm SPRAY PARTNSR tHAM YOU'O THINK t Winn o hydraulic system falls--and the Inst of thorn can fail--fluids at pressures of 1000 p. s. I. and obey* con |ot surprising distant**. In on* disastrous fir* a hy draulic fin* brok* and th* fluid was ignited by a flam* 40 feet away. Th* smaller th* hrtalc, of course, th* farther th* fluid may traval. And through < pin-point look, flammable fluids can b* atomized to a* explosive vepor-alr mist-- potantlaHy on *v*n gtMtor hazard. Around ov*ry hydraulk mochin* and fin* in your ptsnf th*r* it a dangtr zoo*. EftSOTTVfUIlKftil IE KNOT i WATS yovsIIever' siiswcO In addition to obvious m*ans--op*n f!ams, moit*n or r*d hot metals, *l*ctrk spirits, ate,--thor* or* many othor ignition sources. On* fir* was started when fat of flammable fluid br*k on ordinary oloctrk bulb ond wos ignitad by th* incondascant filamant. Som*tims th* source--lika the mointananc* man's welding torch--is only in the danger zom occasienaBy. Th* safest way to guard against these dangers is to keep a fire-resistant fluid hi your hydraulic system. And PYDRAUt F-f is the preferred fluid. PYMAUL Reg. U. S. Pot. Offka. Moasonto trade-mark for fire-resistant industrial hydraulk fluid. N.VF 003232 WATER PCB-SD0000074602 Besides being FIRE-RESISTANT is 0 TOP GRADE HYDRAULIC FLUID @jce@Il@nf lutarlelfy Very high film strength and antiwear properties give component life equal to or better than that from premium oils. [high stability^ Extreme resistance to heat, air and water means years of service life. noncorrosivc u ^^ No adverse effect on metals found in hydraulic systems. aler-free .. ; 6conm9cal A straight synthetic. Does not evaporate or require con stant quality checks. Long service life. Can be reclaimed for use again and again. [*af to uaa loth liquid and vapor are safe in industrial hydraulic op erations. No special handling is required. THE FIRE-RESISTANCE OF PYDRAUL t-9 HAS BEBTATTAINED WITHOUT SACRIFICING ANY IMPORTANT HYDRAULIC HUID , SERVICE CHARACTERISTIC NVF 003233 WATER PCB-SD0000074603 Table of Contents Page Introduction_______________________________________________________ _______ j Section I: Where Is PYDRAUL being used? Typical Applications -- Diecasting Machines -- Hydraulic Pumps 3 Section II: Safety 3 Section III: General properties of PYDRAUL P-9 Typical Analysis -- Othor Properties a Section IV: Stability of PYDRAUL F-9 Thermal Stability --Corrosion and Oxidation Stability -- Hydrolytic Stability c: Section V: Lubrication and pump tests Laboratory Tests -- Pump Tests 10 Section VI: Change-over to PYDRAULP-9 Steps to FoRow tr. Section VII. Packings and seals data 14 Seclion VIII: Other hydraulic components Filters -- Hydraulic Hose -- Swivel Couplings -- Pipe Joint Sealers ' Accumulators -- Heat Exchangers -- Paints Section IX: Reclaiming PYDRAUL F-9 ig it- Section X: Toxicity and sale handling Information Availability and Shipping Information if NVF 003234 WATER PCB-SD0000074604 introduction Hydraulic power is a vital and growing factor in . our industrial pictura. Its versatility and many od[ vantages have led to its adoption by practically F every industry. '| . Many of the applications of hydraulic power involve [ firs hazards such as open flames, molten metals and glass, sparks, etc. Since flammable petroleum fluids arc widely used in hydroulk equipment, there have been serious fires when such fluids were acddenfafly released end ignited. , PYDXAUL F-9 was developed by Monsanto Chemical Company te provide industry with a fire-resistant i hydraaik fluid which combines safety with the r operational qualities of a premium grade petroleum fluid. This combination of safety and utility plus proved performance has brought wide acceptance of PYDKAUl F-9. NVF 003235 WATER PCB-SD0000074605 pScSSnil Where Is PYDRAUL being used? RtiP.C.ICALAPPL!.IC i^AMT,iIONS ". The excellent performance record of Pydraul F-9 has resulted in its use in a wide variety of equipment in Diecasting Machines Hydraulic Presses Furnace Tillers Furnace Door Openers Ingot Loaders Furnace Regulators Rotary Furnaces Molten Salt Baths Extrusion Presses Forging many industries. Following is a short list of typical applications in which Pydraul F-9 is now being used. Plating Machines Permanent Mold Casting Injection Molding Electric Furnaces Elevators and Hoists Hydromotors Scarfers Stampers Hydraulic Jigs Compressor Lubrication [diecasting machines The final test of a hydraulic fluid is its use in a machine. Pydraul F-9 is now being used in practically A-C Spark Plug Co. H. ft T. Engineering Co. Cast-Master, Inc. Cleveland Automatic Machine Co. Cuyahoga Industries Hydraulic Press Manufacturing Co. all types of diecasting machines including (hose made by the following well-known manufacturers: Kux Machine Company Lake Erie Engineering Corp. Lester-Phoenix, Inc. Lewis Welding and Engineering Co. Reed Prentice Corp. Schultz Diecasting Co. HYDRAULIC PUMPS^ The high film strength and excellent lubrication characteristics of Pydraul F-9 make possible its use wherever a petroleum fluid of comparable viscosity can be used. Pydraul has been pumped st temperatures Adel Barnes Denison* Hydraulic Press Manufacturing - Imo-De Laval Northern Pydraul F-9 was developed primarily for use in the diecasting and metals industries where hydraulics are used with hot metal. Its unique combination of over 200 F. and at pressures up to 10,000 p.s.i. Some of the commonly encountered hydraulic pumps in which Pydraul F-9 is being used include the following: Oilgear Racine Roper Tuthill Vickers Worthington properties recommend Pydraul F-9 for uses even more diversified than the current applications in which it has proved so successful. MVF 003236 WATER PCB-SD0000074606 sctlon 81s Safety i During several years of industrial use Pydraui F-9 has important because excessive heat has already been been accidentally discharged over molten metal, red provided for. What it important is keeping names hot ingots, arcs, open flames and sparks. In no case has a fire resulted from such contact. from leaving such areas, thereby spreading fires. Thus a hydraulic fluid which is used in high temperature Most materials, even metals, can be made to bum under some conditions. If Pydraui F-9 is heated until decomposition products are formed, some burning can occur if an ignition source exists. But this is likely to areas or which can reach these by line breaks, should not carry flames outside the high temperature zone. Pydraui F-9 excels in this important flame re sistance. happen only around high temperature sources like iumaces, molten metal, etc. Under conditions of in* dustrial use, extraneous burning in hot areas is not Below are some of the test data which demonstrate the safety of Pydraui F-9 under conditions of in dustrial hydraulic operation. jjAIlf i: Ffammabiiity Data ...................................... --.............. ..... ....... .-- i -- ............ -- 1 1 ....T..E.S.T...-- -- - - - --| -.........--........... RESULTS AUTOGENOUS IGNITION TEMPERATURE I Greater then 1,100 F. (ASTM Method D:286-30) MOLTEN METAL IGNITION TEMPERATURE Pydraui F-9 was sprayed, dripped and flooded onto the surface of a molten alloy at approximately 1500 F. HIGH-PRESSURE IGNITION TEST The mist from spraying Pydraui F-9 through a small orifice under 1,000 p.s.i. was subjected to the flame of an oxyacetylene welding torch. Rul'd did not flash or ignite. . I ; i ! Even when exposed to tho hottest portion of the oxyacetylene flame (approximately - 6,000 F.) the fluid did not flash or ignite. . HOT MANIFOLD TEST Pydraui F-9 was dripped onto the surface of a hot manifold. Did not burn et 1,300 F,, nor when the ; surface temperature wet increased to i 1,475 F., the limit of the equipment. j ARC IGNITION TEST Pydraui F-9 was sprayed through a ]/i" petcock at varying pres sures up to 200 p.s.i. through a carbon arc that had a free arcing distance of approximately 1 '/>" STATIC CARION ARC TEST A metal pan was filled to a fluid depth of approximately W and the arc struck between the electrode and the bottom of the pan, passing through the fluid. The arc was sustained for approximately 30 seconds during which time the carbon electrode became white hot. At no time was e flash observed, nor did tH# fluid burn. ! No flesh was observed, nor did the fluid Independent Teats Conducted by Factory Mutual Laboratories resulted in the following report: 4i "On the basis of these tests and ones previously conducted with petroleum base hydrau|ic oils . and other types of less hazardous fluids, we consider that Pydraui F-9 fits into the category of acceptable less hazardous fluids.* ,_ . . . (Factory Mutual Laboratories) NVF 003237 WATER PCB-SD0000074607 'Section HI: General properties ol PYDRAUL f-9 TYPICAL ANALYSIS OF PYDRAUL M Appearance: Odor: Specific Gravity: Pound) Par Gallon: Rah Point (C.O.C.): Rre Point (C.O.C.): Amber, oily liquid Mild, pleasant 1.27 at 75 F. 10.S6 at 75 F. 430 F. 675 F. Naufraliiation Number (mg. KOH/gni.): Pour Point: Viscosity Indai: / Viscosity: \ 100 F. 210 .F^.M. . . . f 0.1 -S F. + J2 222 S.U.S. or 48 cps. 44.4 S.U.S. or 5.56 cps. , [other properties Specific Heet: ; Temperature cl./gm./ C. or 8TU/lb./ lr 23 C. ( 73.4 F.) j 59 C. (138.2 F.) 1 107 C. (224.6 F.) 1 (Specific Heat = 0.2959+ 6i.28 x 10"*t) 0.31 0.33 0.36 Thermal Conductivity: j s1: ii j Temperature 28 C. 81 C. eal./cm./ C./sec, 27.5 x 10-* 26.6 x 10-* Coefficient of Thermal Expansion: j 0.00041/ F. between 80 F. and 400 F. ; 0.00073/ C. between 25 C. and 200 C. ti I Bulk Moduhis: j 387,000 p.s.i. (room temperature, between 1000 and 6000 p.s.i. applied pressure) Compressibility: 2.58x10-* sq. in./lb. Solubility of PYDRAUL M in water, Negligible f Solubility of Water in PYDRAUL M: i | 0.2# at 75 F; 0.6# at 210 F. MtscibflSty: Completely miscible with oil, with 10-15# of tricresyl phosphate. Does not mix with water. Surface Tension: 32 dynes/cm. Specific Resistivity: I 0.15 x 10* Megohm-cm. Dielectric Constent: j 6.2S at 1000 cps. and 25 C. Diitipetiort Factor: | at 60 cps. = 32.9# at 1000 cps. -- 2.2# Dielectric Strength: ^ 33 KV (1 sq. cm. electrodes) NVF 003238 WATER PCB-SD0000074608 VAPOR PRESSURE, mm. H g ku kJ,'- m. ' m ,,>/* <-. , . V .06.1: Spedfk Gravity of PYMAK F-f, 6r~3W>. ^FI6. 2: Approximate Vapor Pressure of PYDRAUL F-9 5 WATER PCB-SD0000074609 VISCOSITY SAYBOIT WCVERSAE SECONDS pro. 3: Soybolt Viscosity of PYWUUIM N.VF 003240 i WATER PCB-SD0000074610 J1C VISCOSITY. CENT1STOKES [FIG. 4: Kinematic Viscosity of PYDIAUl F-f 200.000 100.000 SO,000 20.000 10,000 5000 WOO 2000 1000 500 400 300 200 ISO 100 75 50 40 30 20 IS 10 to 70 40 50 40 30 20 N, \ ' 40 M SO 100 120 140 140 ISO 200 220 240 240 210 300 TEMPERATURE. DEGREES FAHRENHEIT AWW* OU I*M |luN liMfNilvIl CMOS'S NVF 003241 7 WATER PCB-SD0000074611 [Section IV: Stability of PYORAUL P< Pydraul F-9 is a highly stable fluid under all normal conditions of industrial hydraulic yse. It has excellent resistance to heat, water and oxygen, and is noncor rosive to metals. Examination of Pydraul F-9 after several years of use has shown that the fluid retains its desirable properties almost indefinitely. [thermal stability' The fire resistance of Pydraul F-9 is inherent and is not due to the presence of water or other additives. Pydraul F-9 contains no readily volatile components, the loss of which can alter fluid composition during use, nor does it break down under temperatures en countered in most systems. Where necessary, Pydraul F-9 can be operated for long periods of time at tem peratures as high as 300 F. [CORROSION AND^OWDATIO^ Pydraul F-9 does not react with the various metals found in hydraulic systems nor does it allow elect rolytic corrosion. Good oxidation stability is to be expected due to the fire-resistant nature of Pydraul F-9, since burning is simply rapid oxidation. The following tests were run according to procedures for determining corrosion and oxidation stability as given in the Military Specification MlL-0-5606 (OUj Hydraulic, Aircraft, Petroleum Base). In this pro-, cedure, strips of copper, iron, magnesium, aluminum and cadmium plated steel are all immersed in the test fluid. The fluid is heated to 2 SO0 F. and held there for 163 hours while air is bubbled through. The fluid and metal strips are then examined for changes. i.TAMI Results of Corrosion and Oxidation Stability Tests [; of PYMAM. F-9 by Specification MH-0-5606 Property Initial Value Final Value Actual Change Change Allowed by Specification Viscosity at 130 F. (Centistokes): Keutraliaation No.: Fluid Evaporation: Fluid Separation: 20.9 0.03 20.4 0.00 1.32% None -2.4% -0.03 1.32% None -- 5 to +20% + 0.20 8.0% None Effect on Metala: . MetaT Copper" Iron Aluminum ' Magnesium Cadmium/Steel Wt. Change (mg./em/) -0.08 + 0.01 + 0.04 + 0.05 -0.03 Allowable Wt. Change 0.60 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 Visual ' Examination Light coating Light coating Light coaling Light coating Light coating NVF 003242 WATER PCB-SD0000074612 ChTYDROLYTIC STABILITY In Military Specification M1L-F-7100, 25 grams of water and 75 grams of test fluid are placed in a bever age bottle along with a strip of pure copper. The bottle is cap|>ed and rotated end-over-end for 48 hours at 200 F. The liquids and metal are then observed for changes. TABLE 3: Hydrolytic Stability of PYDRAUL F-9 tS e+.!* ... . w.Jl. .WkAfctkW*'! by Specification MILF7100 *1 XtokaJ++*** initial Value . Viscosity at VJ0 F,, ' ' . Centutokes: Acidity: .' Fluid Layer (Neut. No.) Water Layer (total acidity, tng. KOH) Wt. Change of Copper ' (aif./cm.*)! /......... Sludge: ; 20.91 v; 0.03 P F r Rod Vain* f 20.11 r 0.0 2JI Actual Change " -3.7% ^ Change Alowed-' ^ by Specification r ` [ --S% to +15% fc +0.S 2J5 + 10.0 -0,01 --0.0S >.001d n.r +0.003% ? ........... k. 0.50 + 0.5 f. NVF 003243 WATER PCB-SD0000074613 [section Vs Lubrication and pump tests An essential characteristic of a hydraulic fluid ia the ability to properly lubricate moving parts under criti cal loading. Pydraul F-9 is outstanding in this respect, and field use has shown that in some instances it has reduced wear even below that encountered with high gTade petroleum base fluids. Pydraul F-9 has been tested and used in moat of the hydraulic pumps commercially available. Pump manu facturers have expressed their approval of Pydraul F-9 because its characteristics help their pumps attain maximum service life. Pydraul F-9 is even being used successfully in pumps where normally a petroleum fluid of much higher viscosity would be required. Results of some of the laboratory and field tests on the lubricating characteristics of Pydraul F-9 follow. [ TABLE 4: Shall Four Boll Wwr Tost andMetals Loed Steel on Steel 1 Kg. 10 Kg. 40 Kg. Steel on Broun - 1 Kg. 10 Kg. 40 Kg. Average Scar Diameter in Millimeters With Premium Srado Hydrauftc And With Pydraul F-9 0.198 0.226 0.799 0.155 0.250 0.696 0.964 4 1.730 2.710 0.299 0.578 1.080 ' Timkonixtromo Frosiur# Tost: L OK load SO lbs. Film strength*17,500 pj.i. ' Almon Wtor Tost: il i : Weight loss at 4000 p.s.i. bearing load -- 2.0 mg. ' (Approximately equivalent to SAE 10 lubricating oil) WF 003244 10 WATER PCB-SD0000074614 [pump tests . Vickers Vane Pump, Type V-105A Two parallel tejts were nan using Pydraul F-9 in one pump and a standard petroleum base hydraulic fluid in the other. During the test, the pumps were operated at ISO0 F. (5) for 16 hours a day, 5 days a week. This in terrupted operation was deemed more stringent than 24-hour operation because of the greater wear to be expected from frequent cold starts. For the first 400 hours, both pumps operated at 1200 r.p.m. at 100 p.s.i. delivering 4.76 gallons per minute. After 400 hours, the pump handling Pydraul K-9 was stepped up to 1500 p.s.i. for 126 hours; then for the next several hundred hours to 1800 r.p.m. at 1500 p.s.i. delivering 6.5 to 7.0 gallons per minute. After 800 ; hours of total operation, the pump was dismantled and the parts checked for weight loss. After only 200 hours of operation the rotor of the pump operated on petroleum fluid showed a weight loss of 2.9 grams due to wear. The rotor with Pydraul F-9 lost no weight in the first 200 hours, and ; only 0.1 gram after 800 hours. The weight loss of ; vanes and rings with either fluid was negligible. Vickers Platon Pump, Typo PV 2008 This pump was tested with Pydraul F-9 at 2000 p.s.i. for 1118 hours, and the pans were inspected. Pydraul F-9 was judged quite suitable for this type __ of pump. ^ i ! I . _ In numerous field installations the service life of the shove two pumps operating with Pydraul F-9 ranges between 25,000 and 40,000 hours--equivalent to the service with premium petroleum fluids. - Laboratory and field tests have been made on the _ pump ofother manufacturers with equallygood "" results. For a list of the pumps in which Pydraul F-9 _ is now being used see page 2. NVF 003245 WATER PCB-SD0000074615 Change-over to PYORAUL F-9 The conversion to Pydraul F-9 of equipment which has previously contained petroleum or other hydraulic fluid Is relatively simple and follows logical engineer ing practice. The steps below are given simply as a check list. Where possible, it is desirable to obtain recommended procedures from the manufacturers of the machine and pump on hand since the makers will be most familiar with the best method of handling their own equipment. Pydraul F-9 is an excellent flushing compound in its own right: it will loosen tars, varnish and residues left by the previous fluid. Pydraul F-9 will also loosen and remove paint from the interior of the machine. These contaminants can be most easily removed from 1. Before shutting down the machine for conver sion, check the entire system while in operation for fluid leaks. Mark these for correction later. 2. Drain the previous fluid from the reservoir, lines and cylinders as completely as possible. Some' times this can be done by opening unions at low spots in the system, and in other cases blowing out with air will help. If the previous fluid was petroleum oil it will mi* readily with Pydraul F-9. However, the more completely the oil is drained, the safer the new fluid wiU be. 3. Clean the reservoir carefully and completely. It is desirable to remove interior paint at this time if possible, and this can be done by scraping or with a commercial paint remover. When the reservoir is clean it should be wiped dry with clean rags or towels that are free from dirt or grit. Waste is likely to contain grit particles and -tint that will lat?r damage the pump or valves. 4. If a filter is used, remove and clean or change the cartridge. 5. Check the pump assembly and replace any parts that are seriously worn. 6. As to packtnfT, either of two-courses may be followed. Many.have converted with no change in packings and then have later replaced leaking packings, if any, with resistant materials. The other method is to change part or ail of the packings to materials resistant to Pydraul F-9 at the time of conversion. Neoprene, a commonly used packing, swells in Pydraul F-9. In static or fixed packings this is no problem since the swelling usually makes a tighter seal. However, when the joint is later dis-assembled the swelled the circulating Pydraul F-9 by a filter in the system. If there is no filter,-or if it is difficult to reach for cleaning, it may be advisable to use a portable filter which can be connected into the fluid return line. This portable filter can be left in the line for two or three days of operation and then moved to the next machine to be converted. Since it is considered good hydraulic practice to filter hydraulic fluids during normal operation, the portable filter can be used routinely, after conversion, to filter the fluids on a regular basis. Following are the general steps (or converting a hydraulic system to Pydraul F-9. packing usually has to be replaced with a new one. For dynamic or sliding seals, a neoprene part is more likely to fail and these moving seals should be replaced with packings made of resistant ma terials. (Most packing manufacturers-can now supply packings for use with Pydraul F-9. If the regular supplier does not have these, a list ol manufacturers is shown in Section VII.) 7. In most machines, if hose is used, it is usually of neoprene. In previous installations, this hose has apparently presented no problem. Swelling does not seem to occur nor have there been failures other than from normal wear. However, it is recommended that when hose is replaced, a hose resistant to Pydraul F-9 (Butyl lining will suf fice) should be used. 8. If a nitrogen bottle accumulator is used, no change is necessary. If a bladder type accumula tor is used, a Butyl rubber bladder should be used instead of neoprene. 9. Reconnect all lines and tighten, particularly those joints previously noted leaking. Fill with Pydraul F-9 to the proper level. 10. With the hydraulic controls on neutral, start and stop the pump several times, without allow ing the system to reach working pressure. This will provide the necessary pump lubrication. The pump may then be left on and the system brought up to working pressure. 11. Run through the cycle several times to use all parts of the hydraulic system. Bleed the air through the petcocks or valves provided from any parts in which air can collect. 12. Check the fluid level and add Pydraul F-9 if necessary. WATER PCB-SD0000074616 About Fluid Makeup . . The technique of holding down the makeup requirement (or Pydraut F-9 is the same as with any fluid; namely, adequate maintenance. The normal loss of Pydraui F-9 in a properly converted system will be no more than that tor a petroleum fluid, and in a great many cases it has been considerably less. With proper maintenace Pydraui F-9 losses in diecasting machines have been held to as little as a pint per 8 hour shift. If a fluid reclaiming system is added--a relatively simple matter with Pydraui F-9-- the total use of fluid can be cut even further. It is not unusual to find that where Pydraui F-9 has been installed, the daily cost of hydraulic fluid used has actually gone down. r Li r. r.at Firr l' ac.-' i lff v t : ""***,'K Fit rr* .< I . <f c..." . \ t. a-~ v t ' / r t r, r*~ ft it ft I, ? v" t f. : l . / w1 I - : ( NVF 00324? 13 WATER PCB-SD0000074617 f9cfiloii VII s Packings and seals data ? Packings and seals suitable hr use with Pydraul F-9 are available from a large number of manu/acturcn and in all configurations. No "special" materials are needed for packings or seals -- simply certain kinds of standard materials. prefers. In a static packing, swelling usually gives an even tighter seal. Best practice, however, dictates replacement of nonresistant seals with suitable pack ings during normal maintenance and routine overhaul. Packings resistant to Pydraul F-9 ate generally required only for moving (dy namic) seals. Static seals may be ryade ol resistant materials or not, as the user Table 5 lists the manufacturers who have indicated the availability of packings resistant to Pydraul F-9. jttiUS: Mkp Soprid Sdafe hrfcsWtk PfSSM F-9 Supplier Acushnet Process Co. New Bedford, Mass. Anchor Packing Co. 401 N. Broad Si , Philadelphia, Pa. Chicago Rawhide Mfg. Co. 1301 Elston Ave.. Chicago 22, III. Crane Packing Co. 1800 Cuyler Ave., Chicago 13, 111. Dow - Corning Corp.* Midland, Michigan Garlock Packing Co. Palmyra, New York Ornrrai ilrrinc Co * \\ atrrforti. New York Type end Deaiqnetioe Silicone: SCX-2286 / (PM/p XXXXX >Vo/ X Silicone AP-i Teflon #450 Hydroil Impregnated Duck Impregnated Asbestos Sirvene XX X XXX X X XX X X XX XXXXX Butyl: 3332 Butyl: 3342 Teflon: Chemlon Vegetable Fiber Silicone: SO, 80, 152, 2S0 7-170, 8-170. 8-164, 675 Silicone: 9471, 9034 Silicone: 8859 Silicone: 8773, 9478 Butyl: 9188, 8783 Asbestos: 900, 950 Impregnated Duck: 7857, 7059 Teflon Silicone SE 450, SE 360 X X X 1 ' A X* X 1 X X 1 X jx j X X X 11 X! 11 x ;x X ;x X ! X j j ;X 1 !x X IX x X! X X' 1 j x i X X 1 1 1 j 1 i i i 1 X X; X 1 1 x ix ;x ix X 1 Xl j1 i1I , .j X X x 1 X ; X X X ! X ii x: X . X IX ; X X 1 i 1 ii ix !x ;x : 11! 1 WATER PCB-SD0000074618 Goshen Rubber Co. P. 0. Bos SI7, Goshen, Ind. Silicone: S-1219 Graef Engineering Co. P. 0. Box 416, Paramount, Calif. Teflon, Kel-F Greene, Tweed, & Co. North Wales, Pa. Butyl: 190 ; International Packing Co. Bristol, New Hampshire Silicone: L 85-1 Butyl: P 64-2 Leather: KK104A, LA-7 Kirkhilt Rubber Co. Brea, Calif. ( Butyl: 670-X-682D & 670-X-682G Silicone: 95frY-343 & 970-A-185 Linear, Inc. State Road & Levick St., Philadelphia, Pa. Butyl: PAA-70 Butyl: PAB-85 Impregnated Duck: 86S National Motor Bearing Co. 11634 Patton Rd:, Downey, Calif. Butyl: L-14 ' Parker Appliance Co. 1732$ Euclid Ave., Cleveland 12, Ohio a Plastic & Rubber Products Co. 2100 Hyde Park Blvd., Los Angeles 47, Calif. Silicone: 2082-1 Butyl: 80S-70 Precision Rubber Products Co. 3110 Oakridge Drive, Dayton 7, Ohio Butyl: 907-70 Raybestos-Manhattan Packing Div. Manheim, Pa. Asbestos-Neoprene: K-68 Teflon W. S. Shamban Co. 11617 W. Jefferson Blvd., Culver City, Calif. Teflon, Kel-F, Nylon Polyethylene Stillman Rubber Co. 5811 Marilyn Ave., Culver City, Calif. SR 602-A-70 United States Gasket Co. Camden 1, New Jersey Teflon, Kel-F United States Rubber Co. Rockefeller Center, New York 20, N. Y. Butyl: 1-8728 Asbestos-Teflon: 13$ Asbestos-Neoprene: 19069 Butyl: L-14 Vellumoid Co. \'ellumoid Rockdale St. & Beaman Ave., Worchester 6, Mass. | 1 1 1 11 X ! 1 X x ;x 11 1 1 i x: X * ___ 1 x, X 1 1 X X .i1 x;x. X X X| X jX X X X M_X__ 1ii_X__ _ X xX i X X Xi |X x X x 1 xi. X x i j i1 I1I 1X1 1 Xi X xi 11 i X X| !x Xi XX X X XXX x IX X 1 i x ix IX 1 t X X XXX XXX xX 1 ;x X X 1 IX j xi X X X 1 .X ix 1 I l1 !x ! !x ;X x |X X IX X Ix X ix X 1 L... X X X X X X IX XXX X X XX |X X X X X X X X X 1 i Xi 1 1 i ; :X : ! I x X, :j X (Supplier of silicone slock only. Packings are supplied bv a number of packing manufacturers ) KVF 0032^9 WATER PCB-SD0000074619 .ESStr^'Mni Othr Hydraulic component Kilters, hose, couplings and other hydraulic system components for use with Pydraui F-9 are readily available. Often these are the same units that are used with petroleum fluids. Paints resistant to Pydraui F-9 can be supplied by several manufacturers. Manufacturers who have reported having suitable components lor use with Pydraui F-9 are listed below. Standard oil filters can usually be used satisfactorily. Earth type filters are also suitable where excessive quantities of moisture are not present. Manufacturers of such filters include-- Briggs Filtration Co. Capital Engineering Co. Cuno Engineering Corp. Dollinger Corp. Hilliard Corp. Honan-Crarte Corp. Marvel Engineering-Co. S&5K2 Although both neoprene and Buna N type rubber swell in Pydraui F-9, hoses of both materials have been used widely and are apparently satisfactory. In practice it would probably be preferable to use a more resistant rubber such as Butyl if new hoses are to be installed. Those supplying hose lined with Butyl rubber include-- Aeroquip Corp. Electric Hose & Rubber Co. Anchor Coupling Co. Resistoflex Corp. B. F. Goodrich Co. Weatherhead Corp. Eastman Manufacturing Co. Pydraui F-9 is being used satisfactorily in systems containing swivel couplings supplied by such com panies as-- Barco Mfg. Co. Chicksan Co. The foliowing products'have been reported satisfactory . as sealing compounds for pipe joints: John Crane Plastic Lead Seal No. 2; Crane Packing Co., Chicago, Illinois. Clyptal 1201 Red Enamel; General Electric Co., Schenectady, N. Y. Permatex Special Sealant No. 1282; Permatex Co., Brooklyn IS, New York. Silastic 61.27 Putty; Dow Coming Corp., Midland, Mich. Epon Adhesive VI; Shell Chemical Co., New York 36, N. Y. xskism Hydraulic eccumulators ere found on many systems and in some of these a bladder is used to separate the fluid from the air pressure system. A Butyl rubber bladder is necessary with Pydraui F-9. Companies supplying satisfactory accumulators in clude-- Greer Hydraulics, Inc. Superior Pipe Specialties Co. Hydramotive, Inc. CHANGERS^ ^ --"--ft Many hydraulic systems, particularly on diecasting machines, use a heat exchanger (oil cooler) to con trol fluid temperature. These exchangers are metal and can be used with Pydraui F-9 quite satisfactorily. Standard thermostats are also compatible with Pydraui F-9. The following paints have been recommended by their manufacturers as being satisfactory for use with Pydraui F-9: Amercoat Corp., South Gate, California: Amercoat #77. Andrew Brown Co., Irving, Texas: Chemical Resistant Enamel. Carboline Co., St. Louis 19, Missouri: Phenoline 300, Phenoline 303 (Gray and orange available. Other colon available on order). E. I. du Pont de Nemours 8c Co., Kansas City 11, Missouri: Crankcase Sealer 681-8004, Buff Enamel C-100-X-71680. Finch Paint 8c Chemical Co., Torrance, California: Cat-A-Lac Primer #434-1-1, Cat-A-Lac Top Coat. W. P. Fuller 8c Co., Los Angeles 34, California: 162Y-63 Primer, 172 A-34 Aluminized Finish Coat, 173-W-57 White Coat Finish, 173-K-53 Sea Blue Finish Coat, 173-B-51 Black Finish Coat. (Other colon available on order.) Lowe Brothers Co., Dayton 2, Ohio: Thermo Spravinl Finish. Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co., Milwaukee 1, Wisconsin. Chemical Resistant Enamel 66442. Rinshed Mason Co., Anaheim, California: H-4537 Red. NVF 003250 14 WATER PCB-SD0000074620 ctlon IXs Reclaiming PYORAUL p.g The exceptional stability of Pydraul F-9 and its re sistance to water makes possible its recovery from leaks and spills. Careful recovery can result in con siderable savings in the cost of the fluid. Therefore fluid recovery should be a definite part of the main tenance program where fluid losses are appreciable. Pydraul F-9 can be readily reclaimed by removing the usual contaminants in two steps: separation of the water, and filtration of the dirt. Since water is not soluble in Pydraul F-9 it can be easily separated by allowing contaminated fluid to stand until two layers form -- water on top and Pydraul F-9 on the bottom. In the shop a drum can be reserved for collecting contaminated fluid. A drum with a side and end bung supported horizontally on a cradle about two feet above the floor is a simple and effective settling chamber. With the drum turned so the side bung is on top, salvaged fluid can be added through a large funnel left in the top opening. A drain valve in the end opening can then be used to periodically remove separated Pydraul F-9 for filtration. More elaborate methods using this same principle might use settling tanks with sight gauges and so on. Another method of separating water from Pydraul F-9 involves the use of a centrifuge ("cream separator"). Suitable units are manufactured by De Laval and Sharpies Co., among others. The advantages of the centrifuge are that large volumes of fluid can be pro cessed rapidly and no settling-out period is necessary. One caution should be noted. Oil will dissolve in Pydraul F-9 and cannot be removed. This will not harm the Pydraul F-9 but will increase fluid flam mability and may affect packings. To maintain a fire-resistant fluid, contamination with oil should be avoided. The final step is that of filtration and this can be done in any one of a number of commercial units. Filtering media such as cotton linters, felt, metal screens, etc. can be used and Fuller's earth and dialomaceous earth are satisfactory if water is not allowed to enter with Pydraul F-9. A small pump and motor are used to pick up the Pydraul F-9 after separation from the water, force it through the filter, and then into the drum for storage. Care, of course, should be taken that the final drum is clean. A sal vage drum, portable filter unit and storage drum are shown in Fig. 5. Fig. 6 is a diagram of a typical [nS. 5: Diognun of Filter Apparatus NVF 003251 WATER PCB-SD0000074621 centrifuge unit for water separation. Centrifuged fluid whidi still contains dirt has to be filtered u in Fig. S. - Several of the filter manufacturers put out a complete unit that includes the filter, motor and pump. These companies include Hilliard, Cuno, and Honan-Crane. Such a unit has value beyond its use for reclaiming Pydraul F-9, as some plants use such equipment to clean up ail their hydraulic fluid every few weeks. For other filter manufacturers see page 16. The quantity of Pydraul F-9 that can be reclaimed is usually surprising. Simply placing containers be neath leaks until they can be repaired can result in fluid savings of 10% or more. Where drip pans have been used beneath hydraulic machinery more than 50% of the Pydraul F-9 purchased has been reclaimed. Savings tike these greatly reduce overall fluid cost and can make Pydraul F-9 the most economical (ireresistant fluid in actual use. [FIS. 6: Wtfra/n of Porfablo Do Laval Cantrifuaa ami Fluid Tanks WUr.eHil.ni . .. - t -n-^r >rn .mum i , rq i m * W-----n n . * y . yy.pjTyiffV * ^Scetlon Xf Toxicity and safe Handling Information Extensive animal experimental work has been done on Pydraul F-9. In the case of oral feedings it was found that* the minimum lethal dose for rats was 10.6 to 15.6 grams per kilogram of body weight. In rabbits the oral MLO was 0.57 to 0.8S grams; in both cases the undiluted material was introduced into the animal stomach by means o( a rubber tube catheter. Pydraul F-9 was patch-tested full strength according to the method of Schwarts and Pack, which is the standard lest for industrial chemicals. Two hundred and five volunteers were, tested and there was no evidence of primary skin irritation or sensitisation. The material was tested for its vapor phase toxicity by exposing animats to saturated atmosphere concen trations in suitable chambers. This part of the in vestigation involved not only the vapors of Pydraul F-9 itself but also experiments where the fluid was dropped on Inconel surfaces heated to 1050 F. and US0 K. In all cases the toxicity was roughly com parable to that of petroleum-based hydraulic fluids as far as short-term massive exposures are concerned. When splashed or sprayed into the eyes, Pydraul F-9 causes burning and smarting; however, there have been no reports of lasting damage. In treating eye irritation following introduction of Pydraul, copfus and prolonged washing is recommended. To relieve the irritation, physicians have used 1% pontocaine solu tion as well as opthalmic cortisone acetate solution. Regarding the effect of Pydraul F-9 on workers, we have not experienced any injuries during its manu facture. We advise in safe handling that following prolonged or repeated skin contact, the material be washed off and that the material be kept out of the eyes. If prolonged contact with the decomposition products at elevated temperatures should occur, res piratory protection is necessary. For short periods such as would occur in turning off a machine follow ing a breakdown, no such protection is necessary. MVF 03252 IS WATER PCB-SD0000074622 Pydraul F-9 is readily available and is supplied in 5 gallon cans, 53 gallon steel drums, tank trucks and tank cars. It Is manufactured under strict quality con* trol from materials in dependable supply, Teat sam ples are available. Contact your nearest Monsanto sales office for further information. piHimNG CWORMAnO^ Shipping Classification in U.SA--Chemicals, NOIBN Shipping Regulations -None MONSANTO CHEMICAL COMPANY Organic Chemicals Division 100 North 12th Hvd. St. Louis I, Missouri Akron Atlanta Boston Chicago Cincinnati Clevsland Detroit Houston Los Angeles Minneapolis New York Sen Francisco Seattle Wilmington Monsanto Canada Ltd.: Montreal, Toronto, Vancouver Monsanto Chemicals (Australia) Ltd.: Melbourne Monsanto Chemicals Ltd.: London Notice... The inferrantica in thia booklet has been obtained frora reliable sources end ia believed to be accurate and reliable. However, since tbs conditions of use are beyond our control, Monsanto Chemical Company offers no warranty and disclaims sny and all liability arising out of the use of these data or suggestions. JIHiMMM-ISS Ssrving Industry ... Which Strvss Mankind NVF 003253 PriaM* la U4.A. If WATER PCB-SD0000074623 M'ansanf Cfcamical Company--Organic Chemicals Division--St. Louis I, Missou > NVF 003254 WATER PCB-SD0000074624 tailor - mad straight aynthat 1 fire-resistant hydraulic fluid After a successful test prograr-. Monsanto introduced Pydraui in 1951 as industry's first tailor-made straight synthetic fire-resistant hydraulic fluid. Pydraui F-9 rapidly became th standard against which all other synthetic hydraulic fluid, were judged; today, Pydraui F is still considered the basis for comparison. Most of the 500.000,000 machine hours Pydraui fluids have served industry have bee accumulated on Pydraui F-9 Pydraui F-9 is now in use in every major type of die casting machine plus a wide variety of other types of equipment found in the metai working industry. Pydraui F is the most performanceproi fire-resistant fluid now in use industrial applications. NVF 003310 *fr4>v>. V J * ' QIVWiWniM--W--5 WATER PCB-SD0000074625 PYDRAUl F-9 HAS DOUBLE-ACTION FIRE RESISTANCE... Pydraul F-9 protects equipment and personnel in the event o/ contact with ignition sources and remains fire resistant in use . . . contains no water to evaporate and leave a flammable residue. During its long use by industry. Pydraul F-9 has been accidentally discharged over molten metal, red-hot ingots, area, open flamea and aporka , . . without causing fire. Pydraul F-9 has never caus'd or contributed to hydraulic fire in any type of equipment. Pydraul F-9 is the only fireresistant hydraulic fluid to be listed by Underwriter's Laboratories. Here are the results of the important laboratory testa for fire resistance: HOT MANIFOLD TEST (per Mll-f-7100) Pydraul F 9 tipotsd to ths turfscs of < manifold, 1300* F. FLUID DID NOT FLASH OR IGNITE HIGH-PRESSURE IGNITION TEST (AMS-31508, *.9.3.3, and Mll-f-7100) Pydraul F-9 spraysd through a small orifice al 1004 pal, passing through (ha flams of in oayacatylans torch, (000* F. FLUID 010 NOT FLASH OR IGNITE LOW-PRESSURE SPRAY TEST (AMS-31508) Pydraul F-9 iprayad through an onfica it low pressure, the mitt patting ovar in ignited otl-soakad rig. FLUID 010 NOT INCREASE INTENSITY OF FUME MOLTEN-METAL IGNITION TEST Pydraul F-9 pourad on I ha turfaco of a month alloy, aacatding 1100* F. FIUI0 010 NOT FLASH OR IGNITE PYDRAUL F-9 IS PERFORMANCE PROVEN... Pydraul F-9 has compiled an excellent performance record in a wide variely of equipment in many industries. This list shows typical applications. 0ICCASTING MACHINES HYDRAULIC PRESSES FURNACE TILTERS FURNACE-0008 OPENERS INGOT LOADERS ROTARY FURNACES MOLTEN-SALT IATHS EXTRUSION PRESSES FORGES PLATING MACHINES PERMANENT MOLS CACTI W ELECTRIC FURNACES ELEVATORS AND HOISTS SCARFERS STAMPERS HYDRAULIC JI0S Its unique combination of properties recommend Pydraul F-9 for uses even more diversified than the current applications in which it has proved so successful. PYDRAUL F-9 HAS PREVENTIVE-MAINTENANCE PROPERTIES... Pydraul F-9 is known throughout mdustry for its quality and dependability . . . wherever machines have been converted from water baaed fluid to Pydraul F-9, users report maintenance tasks drop off sharply. The reason is this: Pydraul F-9 was especially designed to give the excellent performance of a premium petroleum oil with the added protection of fire resistance. These properties of Pydraul F-9 make it a true preventive-maintenance fluid . . . 0UT1TAMOIM STAIIUTY Pydraul F-9 dossift wsw out in us*. Syslsmt htvs operatsd on Pydraul f-9 sines it introduced m 1951 without t smgls fluid dungs... you don't luvs Is inspect it monthly or plan any fluid ehangat other than normal makt-ug rsowrsmsnts, PREMIUM LUIRIC1TT 6000 ANTIRUST PROPERTIES NONTHICXENINS Pydraul F 9 ku axcsptlonsf fltm slrenglh and lead-cwryksg capacity. In this rsssset, it outpsrformi avsa ths hast gsfrslwn silt. Pact* ahsw vary rtttts wssr whan error tiS on PydraM F-9. Pydraul F-9 doss not causa rusting of matals, doss not loss antirust proosrllss with uts. Pydraul F-9 doss not thicken or form sludgs with uss. Pydraul f -9 systama run dtanar ihan rran Ihosa on pcamtum pstrotsum t. NVF 003311 WATER PCB-SD0000074626 WATER PCB-SD0000074627 Vlsooslty: Laboratory viscosity measurements are affected by fluid density. Because all petroleum oila have similar densities, their measured viscosities can be compared. The densities of synthethic fluids vary, however, so the measured viscosities must be corrected in order to compare them. In tho (raph below, curve "M" la the laboratory-measured viscosity of Pydraul F-9. "C" shows the viscosity-temperahire relationship modified for the differences in density of oil end Pydraul P-9. By comparing curve "C" with a viscosity curve of a medium-weight-petroleum hydraulic oil, you can aes that the two are essentially equivalent at normal operating temperatures. 7, 'v *. *'> t .' . iiii*- 'r Vvvi / -: A e7*vT?:Rv*>>.ry' / .*`1' , , - '*V- r.'.Ve V .. .* r;.;-vm>rry;<'t:'V4max:flM.tcoiit*.of Pyohaul f<* for Comparison to. I . v' . I to II m\ im n; ^trojwim OtO, / T jj 'WS:. isowwtr*-' { t ff'V . \iV<- SCvj&f- mm*-.v' i\ 'Th? f. 399 9US -M !,. ^ r tc-j-'A't- .\. ^m * . r. *' i& ff 'm arilrv T"fi. . wtr. '-K A ^ `m ;> : * Kv.. 'fc:T*V r; :** rl-t.Tlctf :-v ! h . -T. If " '; * 7, ,5'M,TT' , .?* m a m m m m m m m .... ,V,'i' inMMiwt Mat nmmm ... . . >1* vt&hSdSSfs&i.!-' HAN0LIN6 AND ST0RA6E Animal toxicity studies and human experience Indicate that the Pydraul fluid* may be used safely if a law reasonsbia precautions are taken. Repeated or prolonged akin contact should be avoided sines die fluida are excellent solvents for the normal akin oila. When splashed or sprayed into the eyes, the Pydraul fluida causa painful smart ing. There is rvo evidence, however, of any permanent eye injury. In the event of accidental contact with the eyes, the ayaa should be flushed with plenty of water for 15 minutes and the workman referred to a physician. Physicians have used a 1% ponlocaine solution and opthaimic cortisone acetate solution to relievo irritation. Respiratory protection or mechanical sahauat ventilation should be provided if there is repeated and prolonged contact of the fluid with heated surfaces with' resulting volatilisation or pooaibts decomposition of the fluid. For short periods, such as might arise in turning off equipment following the rupture of hydraulic lines or other mechanical failure, no such protection is necessary. Toxicity studies demonstrate that the Pydraul fluids are generally comparable to petroleum-based hydraulic fluida with raspect to short-term massive sxpoeurea. The details of animal toxicity studios are available from Monsanto's Medical Department. Pydraul F-9 can be stored at eub-xero or high temperature* without freexing or heat damage to the fluid. Drama stored outside should be tightly sealed to prevent entry of moisture. Inside or sheltered storage la preferred. AO IS* NVF 003313 WATER PCB-SD0000074628 / I! I PYDRAUL I i Fire-Resistant Hydraulic Fluid I! SELECTOR I. ii I A guide to selecting the correct Pydraul fluid for your hydraulic system. O-FP/3 ti NVF 003325 WATER PCB-SD0000074629 PYDRAUL Fire-Resistant Hydraulic Fluid SELECTOR A guide to selecting the correct Pydraul fluid for your hydraulic system. O-FF/3 FLUIDS iruAnfiin| spwtiMlfttaodMChefr8m*H**t8oMtof wMrttMrwitTmMi <Ht irrieireMw^MiM (** ptototrrcei*ton.eMaeint hmn4iWfeweL<f*rtfeoHcfciMaae*Mfto;utoctmto>tmwi<gHcmmtcowitHiHtM etrouu*iMiwh hi **My HateMMat*ot t|o am 0 tMMH Maui a imiiec it* to n 4 to ttoc. . Oryanlc Orvi^m/109 N. liMHrfli IM./SL Unit, MiuMri 13118 NVF 003326 WATER PCB-SD0000074630 PYDRAUL FLUIDS Development Fire protection for industrial hydraulic operations began with Pydraul in 1951. Pydraul fluids have since served industry with millions of machine hours of fire-free operation. Pydraul fluid has never contributed -to a fire -- not even when sprayed from the broken ends of high pressure hydraulic lines onto white-hot surfaces. New ways are continuously being explored to im prove the excellent performance records of Pydraul fluids. The first Pydraul fluid, generalpurpose Pydraul F-9, has grown to a family of six, specially tailored, fire-resistant hydraulic fluids. Each answers a major but specific hydraulic fluid need for industrial use. In addition to guarding against fire, each Pydraul fluid lubricates as well as premium grade oil. Pydraul fluids have an swered the need of virtually every industrial hydraulic oj>eration, indoors and out -- from the sub-zero, outdoor hydraulic lift operations for refineries and blast furnaces to the low-viscosity fluid demands of high-speed, precision machine tools. Performance Pydraul fluids offer a wide range of viscosities from which you can select the proper range speci fied by your hydraulic equipment manufacturer. Whichever Pydraul fluid you select, each provides the same protection against fire, premium lubric ity, ease of maintenance, and freedom from corrosive action and foam. Pydraul hydraulic fluids also offer several additional benefits -- REDUCED FIRE INSURANCE RATES Pydraul eliminates firo hazards from hydraulic operations, reduces fire threats to surrounding structure and equipment. Insurance premiums for plants using Pydraul arc often lower than pre miums for operations using petroleum oil. LONGER PUMP LIFE Machines that operate on water-based fluids frequently require pump repair or replacement as often as every two or three months. Machines ' that use Pydraul hydraulic fluids can operate on the same pump for several years. Pydraul hy draulic fluids give the same long pump life as the finest grade petroleum oil. NO CORROSION PROBLEMS Any metal hydraulic system component in contact with Pydraul will not rust. Pydraul hydraulic fluids do not lose anti-rust properties even after extended use. MAXIMUM EQUIPMENT RESPONSE Pydraul never produces excessive froth or foam during normal operations to interfere with hy draulic equipment response. Because Pydraul hydraulic fluids lubricate as well as premium petroleum oils, Pydraul permits equipment to operate at optimum response capability. INSPECTION AND REPLACEMENT DOWN-TIME ARE VIRTUALLY ELIMINATED Pydraul hydraulic fluids are designed to be permanent. Pydraul fluids do not wear out. Except for normal "make-up" requirements, you never have to add new Pydraul to hydraulic systems. Pydraul eliminates "drain and change" periods; it docs not have to be inspected in your system from month to month -- or even replaced from year to year. NVF 003327 i WATER PCB-SD0000074631 Converting to Pydraul is Easy No matter what type of hydraulic fluid you now use in your equipment, you can easily convert to Pydraul. Virtually every type of hydraulic ma chinery requiring a fire-resistant hydraulic fluid has been converted to Pydraul. Equipment manu facturers are experienced in converting machinery to Pydraul and should be consulted for their specific recommendations. Some manufacturers will tell you exactly what seals to change. Most can supply the correct seals. Machines operating on a tiraight tynlhtlie, fireresistant fluid can be converted to Pydraul with out interrupting your production. When converting to Pydraul A-200, Pydraul 625, or Pydraul AC, simply add Pydraul as make-up. To convert to other Pydraul fluids, drain the old fluid and refill with the Pydraul fluid. No flush is necessary. For best seal performance, make your future seal selection according to recommenda tions in the booklet "Converting to Pydraul* Hydraulic Fluids." Machines operating on oil or water-based hy draulic fluids require the few simple steps out lined below. These steps arc necessary to clean the system of the old fluid and to change to dynamic seals compatible with Pydraul. CHECK FOR LEAKS Check your entire system for leaks before you shut down. Mark any leaks for sealing after the system is drained. ORAIN THE SYSTEM Drain your present fluid as completely as possible from reservoir, lines and cylinders. Flush system with steam or warm water to avoid residual oil and water-glycol sludge that can reduce Pydraul fluid fire-resistance. You may also be able to do this by opening unions at low spots in your system and blowing out with clean dry air. Seal any leaks. CLEAN RESERVOIR AND FILTERS If your reservoir is painted, use a commercial paint remover or scrape out the interior to prevent paint deterioration later on. Wipe your reservoir clean with lint-free rags. Clean or change d cartridge in your filter. . CHECK PUMPS Check your pumps thoroughly for wear. Kepluc any worn parts. CHANGE SEALS, PACKINGS ANO HOSES Change your dynamic seals to seals compatib with Pydraul hydraulic fluid. If you use reinforce type hoses that arc in good condition, you norma ly won't need to change them. If your hoses under go severe flexing, we recommend butyl c Teflon-lined hoses. Your accumulator diuphrngir should be of butyl, fluoroelastomers, EPR c silicone. Avoid buna elastomers, neoprene ar. natural rubber. ' RECONNECT LINES Reconnect your lines, and tighten firmly. FI your system with Pydraul to the manufacturer recommended level. START AND STOP PUMP With the hydraulic controls in neutral, start ar stop your pump several times, without allowir the system to reach working pressure. Th procedure will lubricate the pump. Then you ca leave the pump on to bring the system up i working pressure. RUN THROUGH CYCLE Run through the full operating cycle several time to use all parts of your system. Bleed any trappe air through the petcocks. Check your fluid lev<. and add Pydraul if necessary. ASK FOR THE BOOKLET "Converting to Pydraul'* Hydraulic Fluids," fc complete information. HOW TO EQUIP NEW MACHINERY WITH PYDRAUL When ordering new hydraulic equipment, simpi specify, "For use with Pydraul hydraulic fluid and state the specific Pydraul you will use. NVF 003328 WATER PCB-SD0000074632 Pydraul Selector PHYSICAL PROPERTIES Appearance Spec. Gravity 25*/2S*C Neutralisation No. (acidity) (mg KOH/gm) mi*. Moisture (max.) . VISCOSITY As measured: 100* F. 210* r. "Absolute Saybolts" 100* F. (SSU X Density) 210' F. . Pour Point Compressibility X10'* sq. in./lb. Bulk Temperature Mi*. Boiling Point *F it 760 mm Hg. Colficient ol Thermal Expansion per *F. ' Specific Heat (8TU/lb./' F.) (@ 77* F.) Thermil Conductivity BTU/hr./lt./* F. Vapor Pressure Hg 200* F. Bulk Modulus / Room Temp. \ f 1000-6000 J ` Solubility in Water FIRE RESISTANCE TEST High Pressure Spray Teit AMS-JUOB and MIL-F-7ttXL Test fluid sprayed at 1000 psi through orifice, passing through flame of oxyacelylene torch, 6000* F. Lee Pressure Spray Test (AMS-11S0B). Test fluid sprayed it low pressure over ignited, oil-soaked rag to determine degree of incitast in (Tame intensity. Het Manifold Test (MIL-F-7100). Test fluid dripped on tube at 1300* F, Molten Milt! Ignition TesL Test fluid exposed to the surface ol aluminum alloy at 1200* F, to test for spontaneous Ignition. nre-mliUnc* AdvanUpM *1 Pydraul Pydraul fluids protect hydraulic equip* ment and personnel with pnmtmnt fire protection, Pydraut fluids contain no water lo evaporate and leave a flammable residue. During their more than one billion machine hours of use, Pydraul fluids have been accidentally sprayed over molten metal, through electrical arcs, into flames and sparks --without causing lira. Pydraul fluids have never caused or contributed to a hydraulic lire in any type ot equip ment. They pass all of the important Ignition tests tor lira-resistance. 4 PYDRAUL F-9 Cloudy 8/ue liquid 1 280-1.295 0.12--0 35 0.20% 225 SSU 43 3 SSU 327 SSU 52 SSU -5* F. 2.53 300* F. 644'F. 0.00041 0.32 0.067 0.1mm 337,000 Negligible 1 M8 i PYDRAUL 60 Cloudy Blue liquid 1 088-1 091 0 25 ' 0 10% 60 SSU 35 SSU 60.5 SSU 35 SSU -70* F. 3 05 707* f. 0.00044 0.42 0.04/ 0.01mm 323,000 Negligible Does not flash or ignite up to 34 feet from orifice. No increase in flame intensity. Does not flash or burn. Does not ignite : flashes by spark. Monsanto Introduced Pydraul F-9 as industry's first straight synthetic, lire ' resistant hydraulic fluid. Pydraut F-9 rapidly became the standard against which *H other synthetic hydrau lic fluids weie judged. To day, It is still considered the basis lor comparison. Pydraul F-9 is now used in every major type of die casting machine and a wide variety ol other equip ment found in the metal working, glass, ind proc ess Industries. No other fire-resistant hydraulic fluid has mote on-the-lma proven performance to offer. Self-extinguishing Slight increase in flame inter* Intermittent (lashing and bur Does not burn after leaving:. Does not ignite. Low viscosity Pydraul 6 flows freely st --20* F. retains its properties r thermil stability st ter pentures up to 200' In hydraulic operator that require precision lie in$t*ntly, Pydraul 60 5e plies smooth operatic Irom machine start lo sir it oilers llowon demaoperation without hydrau lag. Pydraul 60 oilers cellent. lire resistant, * draulic operation w> vane, gear and pisl. pumps in high-speed m chine tools. NVF 003329 WATER PCB-SD0000074633 PYDRAUL 150 Cloudy 8lue Liquid 1.119-1 135 o.i; 1 0.15?? . 145.9 SSU 52.5 SSU 163 SSU 56 SSU -55* F. 3.13 r 200* F. \ 617* F. 0.00042 i 0.40 1 0.072 O.lmm 319,000 i Negligible 1 1 Self-cxtinfuishinf. i Slight increase in (lame intensity. Intermittent dishing end burning. Little burning in pan below. . Does not ignite. Pydrauf 150 le currently used In more than seven hundred G. P. E. (formerly Albania) regulators to con* trot fuel-to-eir ratios to* blast furnaces, soaking pits, and other similar re lated equipment. Although developed especially lor savara eold-weafher, out door operations, Pydtaut 150 Is alto utad for cartain mlsttlt'launch proj ects and in gears of LOX pumps located in oxygennch atmospheres at missite-fueling sites. Pydraul 150 also performs at an escellen! low viscosity fluid tor high speed machine fools. PYDRAUL A-200 Cloudy Blue Liquid 1.415-1.430 0 80--1 10 ` 0 05% 144 SSU 35 7 SSU 204 SSU 48 SSU - + 15* F. 2.28 300* F. 620* f. 0.00040 0.28 0.068 0.2mm 438,000 Negligible PYDRAUL 312 8lue Green Liquid 1.100--1.115 0 30 0 10% 312 SSU 50.9 SSU 346 SSU 56 5 SSU -10* F. 2.74 225* F. 615* F. 0.00036 0.36 0.069 O.lmm 365,000 Negligible PYDRAUL 525 Cloudy Blue Liquid 1 340--1 360 0.30 0 15% 625 7 SSU 45 9 SSU 845 SSU 59 SSU +20* F. 2.66 300* F. 724* F. 0.00040 0 28 0.065 0.09mm 375,000 Negligible Does not flash or ignite up to 3tt feet from orifice. Intermittent flashing but self-ex tinguishing. Does not flash or ignite up lo ; feet from orifice. Slight increase in flame intensity. Does not flash or burn. Does not ignite. Pydraul A-200 is one of the most widely used, generalpurpose, fire-resistant hy draulic fluids in industry. Introduced in 1959, it was the first fire-resistant, straight synthetic hydrau lic fluid to break the "price/ performance barrier." Pydraul A-200 performs like premium-gride petro leum oil in a wide variety of Industrial applications, from die-casting lo alumi num extrusion. It protects plants and parsonnel with chemically "inharant" lirarasislanca. yat costs less than other straight synthet ic fluids. Slight increase in flame intensity. Very slight increase in fla intensity. Intermittent flashing but does not propagate to pan below. Does not ignite spontaneously. Flashes intsrmittentty with igni tion source. Does not flash or burn. Does not ignite. The newest fire-resistant High viscosity Pydraul 62 . . hydraulic fluid. A break is tailored lor ultra-heavy through in medium viscos duty hydraulic operations ity fluids that offers high such as for large industr-a performance and lubricity presses and pumps. Pv at the lowest cost In the draui 625 Is also used as 2 industry. Pydraul 312 hy- fireend-explosion-resisi draulic fluid Is a unique ant air compressor lubr marriage of synthetic fluids cant. Pydraul 625 can with specially chosen pe used In any equipmenr re troleum tractions. The re quiring an 800 to lOOC sult Is a fire-resistant SSU oil. hydraulic fluid that matches or excels the prop erties of existing synthetic and watar-conlaming fluids . . . even the "anti-wear" petroleum oils. Today, Pydraul 312 can be used in aU mniot types of die cast ing machines, hydraulic presses, automatic weld Pydraul 625 has all the good performance charac (eristics that have wo<Pydraul fluids the repula tion of quality and dt pendabilily Ihroughou industry. In years of mdus trial field use, Pydraul 62 : has proven lo be a lop grade lubricant. ing machines, and Inac tion molding equi''"'*''* with excellent resu ---------------------------------------- nvf 003330 WATER PCB-SD0000074634 Pydraul Viscosities Laboratory viscosity measurements of SSU (Saybolt Seconds Universal) are affected by fluid density. Because all petroleum oils used for hydraulic operations have similar densities, their measured viscosities can be compared; however, the densities of synthetic fluids differ frdm one another and from petroleum oils. To compare viscosities, measured viscosities of synthetic fluids must be corrected for density. Each curve on the chart shows the viscositytemperature relationship modified for the differ ence in density of the indicated Pydraul fluid. By comparing these curves with viscosity curves of light, medium, and heavy grades of petroleum oils, it can be seen that Pydraul fluids virtually duplicate viscosities of petroleum oils at normal operating temperatures. AkmU Sifbsit Vise*tin- Musind SSUxOiasity M PjSrnri Pydraul Lubrication Properties Pydraul fluids lubricate as well as premium petro leum oil. Because of this premium lubricity, Pydraul fluids give the same long pump life as premium petroleum oil. Equipment responds at its optimum capability. And Pydraul fluids are designed to be permanent -- they never evaporate or wear out. limit# lud iPminjI Afcnt* Wur Mat* l**4 im4-iiw uk-ik --r*w-is. ixMs IMi fftat (UMn tmtmmn tot# # 109 ft*.. Dm mtlstt) Itfllarartn M IS Raatrfn sm r** w*a itirr. 1 0k i*sb, Bra mb) Slnl S4m4 19 4 lb**# Imn 19 4. *(. Pn Tn*-VUn (V ie*-*, iwr. tin m.) H |'M<I lim M (Ml Vtnn. tltii w jimu #wht*t MIS |'tm u*ii M |*t#i latSM* Nit |>ami il*ii *< |x#i evoMui r SO IK. l7.S00*li f.Omte 4.J00** 41 IK n.oco*M 4109 tl 000479 9 000119 evoesui 14 IK 7,400 *M 41 IK n.ooo ru >100 71 9 000471 9 900190 /Team 49 IK. 19.700 *14 1.1 nf* 4.000 *14 44 IK >1.000 *14 >009 94 9 000478 0 900117 erotuvi. k-m SO IK. 14,100 *K 1.1 mjw 4.000 44 IK 14.000*14 4K9 oooono tooouo rrofutM. ill SI IK ll.000*ti 1909 B - -- MORAUl 179 SS IK >1,700 *ti >>mj*. 4.000 *11 S4 IK >3,000 *U 4100 0 9 OOOtll 0 000137 9 9 > 1 IS in 9 >7 9 40 9a >B 0 9 11 9 99 1 SO 9 >1 9 41 1 40 1 70 Ott 9 44 9 17 -- 1 79 9 47 1 19 1 11 -9 0094 -9 0011 *9 01 ft -9 COM -9 0017 -9 1119 -rOOOCS -9 0070 -9 l> -9 9379 -9 1141 -9 1114 -0 0949 -9 0111 -9 9ISI -9 971/ -9 0011 -9 00>l *9 9011 -9 oos; -0 001) -9 OOIS -9 0041 -9 90 NVF 003331 * WATER PCB-SD0000074635 Mixing Compatibility PYDRAUl WITH OTHER HYDRAULIC FLUIOS CELLULUBE 90 150 220 300 550 H0UGHT0-SAFE 1010 1055 FI 60 iw 200 312 626 NO YES NO YES NO YES NO YES NO YES NO NO NO NO NO YES NO YES NO Y'ES NO YES NO YES NO YES YES YES YES YES NO YES NO YES NO YES NO YES NO YES NO YES 1120 NO YES NO YES NO YES mo NO YES NO YES NO YES PYDRAUL WITH OTHER PYDRAULS F9 -- NO YES YES YES YES 60 NO -- NO YES NO YES 150 YES NO -- YES YES YES 200 YES YES YES -- YES YES 31? YES NO YES YES -- YES 625 YES YES YES YES YES -- WATER-QLYCOL and WATER-OIL EMULSION Fluids Pydraut hydraulic fluids ars not eompatiblo with (has* fluids. Handling and Storage As with ail specialized industrial fluids, cer precautions nre advisable when handling Pydr. fluids. Ho problems will arise when Pydraul flu are used as recommended. Avoid repeated or continuous skin contact, r pcated or prolonged contact can lead to drying a skin "chapping." Where prolonged skin cont. cannot be avoided, gloves should be worn. At room temperatures, there is no vapor inha tion hazard from Pydraul; however, inhalation vapors at high temperatures should be prevent. In extensive animal experimentation, exposure vapors for one hour showed local respiral irritation, although no systemic effects w produced. Although eye irritation studies using Pydr at full strength indicate Pydraul is a mild irrito there is no evidence to show Pydraul cau permanent damage to eye tissues. If Pydr fluid is splashed or sprayed into the eyes, e should be thoroughly flushed with water and workman referred to a physician. To rein irritaLion, physicians have used 1% pontoc; solution, as well as the ophthalmic cortis: acetate solution. Pydraul hydraulic fluids can be stored at s zero temperatures without fluid damage. Be: using, simply allow the fluid to warm to rc temperature. Drums stored outside should scaled tightly and placed in a horizontal posr to keep out moisture. . -- fiVF -003332 -- WATER PCB-SD0000074636 DISTRICT SALES OFFICES ALL DIVISIONS ATLANTA. GEORGIA 30326 lanos lowers West. 0390 Peachtree Rd. N.E. Tel. (404) 231-4320 _ BOSTON. MASSACHUSETTS 02149 Everett Station Tel. (6171 Dunkirk 75010 CHICAGO. ILLINOIS '3156 Dee Plainee Ave. Dee Plainee. Illinois 60018 Tel. (312) 296-6688 CINCINNATI. OHIO 45206 1501 Madison Road Tel. (513) 751-6707 CLEVELAND. OHIO 44122 3645 Warrensville Center Rd. Tel. (216) 991-5400 DETROIT. MICHIGAN 48235 500 Northland Towers Tel. (313) 357-0910 HOUSTON. TEXAS 77002 1300 Mein Street Tel. (713) Capitol 3-4011 LOS ANGELES. CALIFORNIA 90022 5570 E. flotilla St. Tel. (213) Raymond 3-2492 MINNEAPOLIS. MINNESOTA 55402 912 Northstar Center 110 S. Seventh St. Tel. (612) Federal 9-4651 NEW YORK. NEW YORK 10017 277 Perk Avenue Tel. (212) 922-4111 PITTSBURGH. PENNSYLVANIA 15222 No. 4 Gateway Center Bldg. Room 1408 Tei (412) 261-2156 ST. LOUIS. MISSOURI 63166 800 N. Lindbergh BNd. Tel. (314) Wydown 3-1000 SAN FRANCICSO BAY AREA 2710 Leleyette. Santa Clara. Calif. 95052 TaL (408) 243-0414 SEATTLE. WASHINGTON 98104 911 Western Avenue Tel (206) Main 2-4203 SPRINGFIELD. MASSACHUSETTS 01101 730 Worcester Ave. Tel (413) 788-6911 WILMINGTON. DELAWARE 19803 2005 Concord Pike, faulas Tel. (302) Olympia 8-6531 J Additional District Offices a are maintained by: Agricultural Division EL OOflAOO. ARKANSAS 7173* SmicJrovtf Highway P 0. Bo* 231 TaL (SOI) Union 13151 LULING. LOUISIANA 70070 P 0 Boa I 74 Tat (504) 7B4-2IU Building Products Dapartmant ST. LOUIS. MISSOURI 6316ft 600 N. Undfctfgft BNd. Tat (314) Wydown 3-1000 LOS ANGfelfeS. CALIFORNIA 9006ft 114 San Ftfnando Road Tsl. (713) CA. 29111 6 * Chamstrand Company Division 9 AKRON. OHIO 44113 3030 Wait Matktt St Tat (21ft) Tampta ft-7941 CHARLOTTE, NORTH CAROLINA 28202 Wachovia Bank Building 99 9 129 Wait Trada Si. TaL (704) 376-1671 9 9 NCW YORK. NEW YORK 10001 9 350 Fifth Ava, 9 Tat <212) 566-5100 9 9 ENGLEWOOD CLIFFS. N. J. 9 9 661 Pabtadat Ava. Englawdod Cliffi. Naw Jtuay 07631 TaL (201) 669*2151 9 J Hydrocarbons It Pofymara a Division Lion Oil a % CL DORAOO. ARKANSAS 717)0 Lion OR Building T*l, (SOI) Union 3-3111 JACKSON. MISSISSIPPI 3*200 % P.O.Box 10*37 Waatland Siailon TaL ((011 Flaatwood 2-3848 lITTLt ROCK. ARKANSAS 72203 \ 1 61* Watt Savantti SL Tat. (SOI) Ftankhn*-2437 MEMPHIS. TENNESSEE 31101 1023 RtvataMa Onva % P. 0. Box 2SJ Tat. (101) WTiiialiaM *-4461 ' Organic Chamicali Division | (Rubber Industry) AKRON. OHIO 44311 * S20 Biown Sliaal 1 P 0. Box 2307 a TaL (21S) Hamtoat 4-1*21 . MONSANTO, 800 N. LINDBERGH BLVO.. ST. LOUIS. MISSOURI 63166 B NVF 003333 2 II it o.ca a iimo u I WATER PCB-SD0000074637 NVF 003334 MONSANTO. 800 ft. LINDBERGH BLVO., ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI 63186 L--A/t-- l# WATER PCB-SD0000074638 PYDRAUL I I Fire-Resistant Hydraulic Fluid I; i i SELECTOR i h i A guide to selecting the correct Pydraui fluid for your hydraulic system. O-FF/3 I i 0 NVF 003325 WATER PCB-SD0000074639 PYDRAUL Fire-Resistant Hydraulic Fluid SELECTOR A guide to selecting the correct Pydraul fluid for your hydraulic system. O-FF/3 functional FLUIDS MS** (WUM toe* tAM N n nte<iii Nisshi ese^st fas *1*1 <9t ItnMl m<*Mi reM| ay m<miM ** Hi *ie IM iHmmIw) Nm* ft. te ees Veri iwuiitn auwrte; Vet #4 teowweWM e t*Hivt*w #ue ei*A temetee, * (MAm * t* e Ny**e *et rerntw tveea** * ferae e*t tee fete *iae|t mate* a eewmtea *rt* MntttiM Aattotere* tnetw* ef Btowtf te twenty Orsirii* Dnlm / 108 N. BM./ SL Unit, Miuwri tltlt NVF 003326 WATER PCB-SD0000074640 PYDRAUL FLUIDS Development Fire protection for industrial hydraulic operations began with Pydraul in 1951. Pydraul fluids have since served industry with millions of machine hours of fire-free operation. Pydraul fluid has never contributed 4.0 a fire -- not even when sprayed from the broken ends of high pressure hydraulic lines onto white-hot surfaces. New ways are continuously being explored to im prove the excellent performance records of Pydraul fluids. The first Pydraul fluid, generalpurpose Pydraul K-9, has grown to a family of six, specially tailored, fire-resistant hydraulic fluids. Each answers a major but specific hydraulic fluid need for industrial use. In addition to guarding against fire, each Pydraul fluid lubricates as well as premium grade oil. Pydraul fluids have an swered the need of virtually every industrial hydraulic ojicration, indoors and out -- from the sub-zero, outdoor hydraulic lift operations for refineries and blast furnaces to the low-viscosity fluid demands of high-speed, precision machine tools. Performance Pydraul fluids offer a wide range of viscosities from which you can select the proper range speci fied by your hydraulic equipment manufacturer. Whichever Pydraul fluid you select, each provides the same protection against Are, premium lubric ity, ease of maintenance, and freedom from corrosive action and foam. Pydraul hydraulic fluids also offer several additional benefits -- REDUCED FIRE INSURANCE RATES Pydraul eliminates firo hazards from hydraulic operations, reduces fire threats to surrounding structure and equipment. Insurance premiums for plants using Pydraul arc often lower than pre miums for operations using petroleum oil. LONGER PUMP LIFE Machines that operate on water-based fluids frequently require pump repair or replacement as often as every two or three months. Machines ' that use Pydraul hydraulic fluids can operate on the same pump for several years. Pydraul hy draulic fluids give the same long pump life as the finest grade petroleum oil. NO CORROSION PROBLEMS Any metal hydraulic system component in contact with Pydraul will not rust. Pydraul hydraulic fluids do not lose anti-rust properties even after extended use. MAXIMUM EQUIPMENT RESPONSE Pydraul never produces excessive froth or foam during normal operations to interfere with hy draulic equipment response. Because Pydraul hydraulic fluids lubricate as well as premium patroleum oils, Pydraul permits equipment to operate at optimum response capability. INSPECTION AND REPLACEMENT DOWN-TIME ARE VIRTUALLY ELIMINATED Pydraul hydraulic fluids are designed to be permanent. Pydraul fluids do not wear out. Except for normal "make-up" requirements, you never have to add new Pydraul to hydraulic systems. Pydraul eliminates "drain and change" periods; it docs not have to bo inspected in your system from month to month -- or even replaced from year to year. NVF 003327 2 WATER PCB-SD0000074641 Converting to Pydraul is Easy No matter what type of hydraulic fluid you now use in your equipment, you can easily convert to Pydraul. Virtually every type of hydraulic ma chinery requiring a fire-resistant hydraulic fluid has been converted to Pydraul. Equipment manu facturers are experienced in converting machinery to Pydraul and should be consulted for their specific recommendations. Some manufacturers will tell you exactly what seals to change. Most can supply the correct seals. Machines operating on a straight synthetic, fireresistant fluid can be converted to Pydraul with out interrupting your production. When converting to Pydraul A-200, Pydraul 625, or Pydraul AC, simply add Pydraul as make-up. To convert to other Pydraul fluids, drain the old fluid and refill with the Pydraul fluid. No flush is necessary. For best seal performance, make your future seal selection according to recommenda tions in the booklet "Converting to Pydraul Hydraulic Fluids." Machines operating on oil or water-based hy draulic fluids require the few simple steps out lined below. These steps arc necessary to clean the system of the old fluid and to change to dynamic seals compatible with Pydraul. CHECK FOR LEAKS Check your entire system for leaks before you shut down. Mark any leaks for sealing after the system is drained. ORAIN THE SYSTEM Drain your present fluid as completely as possible from reservoir, lines and cylinders. Flush system with steam or warm water to avoid residual oil and water-glyco! sludge that can reduce Pydraul fluid fire-resistance. You may also be able to do this by opening unions at low spots in your system and blowing out with clean dry air. Seal any leaks. CLEAN RESERVOIR AND FILTERS If your reservoir is painted, use a commercial paint remover or scrape out the interior to prevent paint deterioration later on. Wipe your reservoir clean with lint-free rags. Clean or change the cartridge in your filter. , CHECK PUMPS Check your pumps thoroughly for wear. Replace any worn parts. CHANGE SEALS, PACKINGS AND HOSES Change your dynamic seals to seals compatible with Pydraul hydraulic fluid. If you use reinforced typo hoses that are in good condition, you normal ly won't need to change them. If your hoses under go severe flexing, we recommend butyl or Teflon-lined hoses. Your accumulator diaphragms should be of butyl, fluoroelastomers, EI'R or silicone. Avoid buna elastomers, neoprene and natural rubber. ' RECONNECT LINES Reconnect your lines, and tighten firmly. Fill your system with Pydraul to the manufacturer's recommended level. START AND STOP PUMP With the hydraulic controls in neutral, start and stop your pump several times, without allowing the system to reach working pressure. This procedure will lubricate the pump. Then you can leave the pump on to bring the system up to working pressure. RUN THROUGH CYCLE Run through the full operating cycle several times to use all parts of your system. Bleed any trapped air through the petcocks. Chock your fluid level and add Pydraul if necessary. ASK FOR THE BOOKLET "Converting to Pydraul* Hydraulic Fluids," for complete information. HOW TO EQUIP NEW MACHINERY WITH PYDRAUL When ordering new hydraulic equipment, simply specify, "For use with Pydraul hydraulic fluid" and state the specific Pydraul you will use. NVF 03328 WATER PCB-SD0000074642 Pydraul0 Selector PHYSICAL PROPERTIES Appearance Spc. Gravity 25V2S*C Neutralisation No. (acidity) (mg KOH/gm) max. Moisture (max.) . VISCOSITY Aa measured: 100* F. 210* F. "Absolute Saybolts" 100* F. (SSU X Oensity) 210* F. . Pour Point Compressibility X10~` sq. in./lb. Bulk Temperature Max. Boiling Point *F at 760 mm Hg, Cotticient ol Thermal Expansion per *F. ' Specific Heat (BTU/lb./* F.) (@ 77* F.) Theimal Conductivity BTU/hr./ft./* F. Vapor Pressure Hg <?', 200* F. Bulk Modulus / Room Temp. \ y 1000 6000 j ' Solubility in Water FIRE RESISTANCE TEST High Pressure Spray Test AMS-3150B end Mll-F-7100. Test fluid sprayed at 1000 psi through oriTice, passing through flame of oxyacetylene torch, 6000* F. Lew Pressure Spray Test (AMS-S1S0B). Test fluid sprayed at low pressure over ignited, oil-soaked rag to determine degree of increase in flame intensity. Het Manifold Test (MIL-F-7100). Test fluid dripped on tube at 1300* F. Melten Metal Ignition Test Test fluid exposed to the surface of aluminum alloy at 1200* F, to test for spontaneou* Ignition. rtre-mirtanee Advantages el Pydraad Pydraul fluid* protect hydraulic equip ment and personnel with permanent fir* protection, Pydraul fluids contain no water to evaporate and leave a flammable residue. During their more than one billion machine hours of use, Pydraul fluids have been accidentally sprayed over molten metal, through electrical arcs, into flames and sparks --without causing lira, Pydraul fluids have never caused or contributed to a hydraulic fiia in any type ot equip ment. They pass elf of the important Ignition tests for fiia-resistance. 4 PYDRAUL F-9 Cloudy Blue liquid 1 280--1,295 0.12--0 35 0.20% 225 SSU 43 3 SSU 327 SSU 52 SSU -5* F. 2.58 300* F. 644* F. 0.00041 0.32 0.067 0.1mm 387,000 Negligible PYDRAUL 60 Cloudy 8!ue liquid 1 088- 1 091 0 25 ' 0 10% 60 SSU 35 SSU 60.5 SSU 35 SSU -70* F. 3 05 200* F. 707* F. 0.00044 0.42 0.047 (LOlmm 328,000 Negligible Does not flash or ignite up to 3H feet from orifice. No increase in flame intensity. Does not flash or burn. Does not ignite: flashes by spark. Monsanto Introduced Pydraul F>9 as industry's first straight synthetic, fireresistant hydraulic fluid. Pydraul F-9 rapidly became the standard against which H othar synthetic hydrau lic fluids weie judged. To day, It is still considered the basis for comparison. Pydraul F-9 is now used In every major type of die casting machine and a wide variety of other equip ment found in the metal working, glass, and proc ess Industries. No other fire-resistant hydraulic fluid has more on-the-lme proven performance to offer. Self-extinguishing Slight increase in flame intensi Intermittent flashing and burmr Does not burn after leaving tubDoes not ignite. Low viscosity Pydraul 60 (lows fieely at -20" F. It retains its properties and thermal stability at tem peratures up to 200 F. In hydraulic operations that requiie precision flow instantly, F'ydraul 60 sup plies smooth operation from machine start to stop: It offers flow-on-demand operation without hydraulic lag. Pydraul 60 oilers axcellent, (ire resistant, hy draulic operation with vane, gear and piston pumps in high-speed ma chine tools. NVF 003329 WATER PCB-SD0000074643 PYDRAUL 150 Cloudy Blue liquid 1.1)9-1.135 0.1/ 0.159? . 145.9 SSU 52.5 SSU 163 SSU 56 SSU -55* F. 3.13 f 200* F. | 617* F. 0.00042 t 0.40 ' 0.0/2 0.1mm 319,000 1 Negligible Self-extinguishing. Slight increase in (lime intensity. Intermittent (lashing and burning, little burning in pen below. Does not ignite. Pydraut 150 It currently used In more then teven hundred G. P. E. (tormerty Askania) regulators to eontrot luel-to-air ratios (or blast (umaces, soaking pits, and other similar ro* fated equipment. Allhough developed especially (or severe cold.weather, out door operations, Pydraut 150 It alto used lor cer tain missile.launch prot ects and in goers ol IOX pumps located in oxygennch atmospheres at mistile-fueling sites. Pydraul 150 also performs as an excellent low-viscosity fluid (or high-speed machine tools. PYDRAUL A-200 Cloudy Blue Liquid 1.415--1.430 0 80--I 10 ` 0 055? 144 SSU 35 / SSU 204 SSU 48 SSU + 15* F. 2.28 300* F. 620* F. 0 00040 0.28 0.068 0.2mm - 438,000 Negligible PYDRAUL 312 Blue Green liquid 1.100--1.115 0.30 0 10% 312 SSU 50.9 SSU 346 SSU 56.5 SSU -10* F. 2.74 225* F. 615* F. 0.00036 0.36 0.069 0.1mm 365,000 Negligible PYDRAUL 525 Cloudy Blue Liquid 1.340--1 360 0.30 0.15% 625.7 SSU 45 9 SSU 845 SSU 59 SSU +20* F. 2.66 300* F. 724* F. 0.00040 0 28 0.065 0.09mm 375,000 Negligible- Does not flash or ignite up to 3H (eet from orifice. Intermittent flashing but sell-ex tinguishing. Does not flash or ignite up to 3' feet (torn orifice. Slight increase in flame intensity. Does not flash or burn. Does not ignite. Pydraul A-200 is one of the most widely used, generalpurpose, (Ire-resistant hy draulic fluids in industry. Introduced in 1959, it was the first (ira-rasistant. straight synthatic hydrau lic fluid to break the "price/ performance barrier." Pydraut A-200 performs lika premium-grade petro leum oil In a wide variety of Industrial applications, from die-casting to alumi num extrusion. It protects plants and parsonnel with chamically "inherent" tireresistance, yet costs less than other straight synthet ic fluids. Slight increase in flame intensity. Very slight increase in nanintensity. Intermittent flashing but does not propagate to pan below. Does not ignite spontaneously. Flashes intermittently with igni tion source. Does not flash or burn. Does not ignite. The newest (ire-resistant . hydraulic fluid. A break through in medium viscos ity fluids that olfars high performance and lubricity at the lowest cost in the industry. Pydraul 312 hy. draulic fluid Is a unique marriage o( synthetic fluids with specially chosen pe troleum tractions. The re sult Is s fire.resistant hydraulic fluid that matches or excels the prop erties ol existing synthetic and water.containing Kurds . . . even the "snti-wear" petroleum oils. Today, Pydraul 3!2canbeusedin all ma(or types of dia cast ing machines, hydraulic presses, automatic weld ing machines, and infec tion molding equinm.n* with excellent resu ----------------------------- NVf= High viscosily Pydraut 625 is tailored tor ultra-heavyduty hydraulic operations, such as lor large industrial presses end pumps. Py draul 625 is also used as a fire, and-ex plosion-re si sl ant air compressor lubri cant. Pydraul 625 can be used In any equipment re quiring an 800 to 1000 SSU oil. Pydraul 625 has all the good performance cliarac (eristics that have won Pydraul fluids the reputatlon of quality and de pendability thioughout industry. In years ot indus trial field use, Pydraul 625 has proven to be a topgrade lubricant. 003330 WATER PCB-SD0000074644 Pydraul Viscosities Laboratory viscosity measurements of SSU (Saybolt Seconds Universal) are alTected by fluid density. Because ail petroleum oils used for hydraulic operations have similar densities, their measured viscosities can be compared; however, the densities of synthetic fluids differ frdm one another and from petroleum oils. To compare viscosities, measured viscosities of synthetic fluids must be corrected for density. Each curve on the chart shows the viscositytemperature relationship modified for the differ ence in density of the indicated Pydraul fluid. By comparing these curves with viscosity curves of light, medium, and heavy grades of petroleum oils, it can be seen that Pydraul fluids virtually duplicate viscosities of petroleum oils at normal operating temperatures. Pydraul Lubrication Properties Pydraul fluids lubricate as well as premium petro leum oil. Because of this premium lubricity, Pydraul fluids give the same long pump life as premium petroleum oil. Equipment responds at its optimum capability. And Pydraul fluids arc designed to be permanent -- they never evaporate or wear out. limits tud iTtitmtl Stmts Wttr WmtulMd 7*4tt tMtf-tt* UtO-IH --Twsw-ts. hM fttti Vttf (Ihtftf (MUMti IttO 6 IOO to. feu a mkHo IH IS imrttt MlSmiawttt smi rwu wt iurr. 11, (St ip* a mm) Slttl m Stmt I0l| <01* Ss*t m Smrt 10 4. 40 t(. Ttit--VUtn (V-IM-C. HOT 1(01 m.) imt. |rtm| iMl M (tm| Vtntt. |itmi iltn tf inti InMf 7015 |iimt ilnt M |Ml t*M( 7014 I'lmi litil * (l OTDIUUl ft son*. 17,500 (1* 70 mi 4.000 Hi 41 IH n.mpi 4100 M SToaiui IS 14 IH. 7,400 tv -- 41 IH 75,000 ru 1300 It 0 000471 0 0001 SO 1 000475 1 OOOMO tn 1(7 177 1 4S in i a in ia -1 0004 -0 0011 *0 0170 -0 oou - 00)7 -0 1151 -OOOCS -0 0070 (TOftAUt IH 11.700 (ti 1,1 mid 4.000 (ti 41 IH 71,000 m 7000 H 1 000471 0 000117 0 1 Si t to 1 -0 1717 -0 0)71 -0 1(01 -0 11)4 proftAut. a.no 50 IH. K.J00 pt 1.1 m|d 4,000 Hi 44 IH 74.000 |i 4700 OOOOMS 0 OOOMO on 0 4) 1 40 1 70 -0 0(40 -0 01)1 -0 0151 -1 0717 (YDHAIR lit 55 IH 11.000 HI _ IMO IS -- -- 07S 1 44 0 17 -- -i oou -0 0071 tioni -0 0057 rYOSAUl 171 M Ibv 71.700 Hi 7 7 m|4< 4.000 pv SO IH 71.000 Hi 4100 to OOOOtlt 0 0001)7 in 0 (7 1 to 1 It -0 001) -I 0015 -0 0045 -0 0050 NVF 003331 6 WATER PCB-SD0000074645 Mixing Compatibility PYDRAUl WITH OTHER HYDRAULIC FLUIDS CCLLULUBE 90 150 220 300 550 HOUGHTO-SAFE 1010 1055 1120 1130 FJ (0 IN 200 312 62S NO YES NO YES NO YES NO YES NO YES NO NO *0 NO NO YES NO YES NO Yes NO YES NO YES NO YES YES YES YES YES NO YES NO YES NO YES NO YES NO YES NO YES NO YES NO YES NO YES NO YES NO YES NO YES PYDRAUL WITH OTHER PYDRAULS F9 -- NO YES YES YES YES 60 NO -- NO YES NO YES 150 YES NO -- YES YES YES 200 YES YES YES -- YES YES 31? YES NO YES YES -- YES $25 YES YES YES YES YES -- WATER-GLYCOL ind WATER-OIL EMULSION Fluids Pydrsut hydraulic fluids ar not compatible with these fluids. Handling and Storage As with all specialized industrial fluids, certair precautions are advisable when handling Pydrau fluids. No problems will arise when Pydraul fluid; are used as recommended. Avoid repeated or continuous skin contact. Re peated or prolonged contact can lead to drying an< skin "chapping." Where prolonged skin contac cannot be avoided, gloves should be worn. At room temperatures, there is no vapor inhala tion hazard from Pydraul; however, inhalation o vapors at high temperatures should be prevented In extensive animal experimentation, exposures t vapors for one hour showed local respirator irritation, although no systemic effects wer produced. Although eye irritation studies using Pydrat at full strength indicate Pydraul is a mild irritant there is no evidence to show Pydraul cause permanent damage to eye tissues. If Pydra fluid is splashed or sprayed into the eyes, ey. should be thoroughly flushed with water and t! workman referred to a physician. To relic' irritation, physicians have used 1% pontocaii solution, as well as the ophthalmic cortisor acetate solution. Pydraul hydraulic fluids can be stored at sut zero temperatures without fluid damage. Befoi using, simply allow the fluid to warm to rooi temperature. Drums stored outside should L sealed tightly and placed in a horizontal positic to keep out moisture. . -- tiVP -003332 -- WATER PCB-SD0000074646 DISTRICT SALES OFFICES Additional District Offices ere maintained by: ALL DIVISIONS ATLANTA. GEORGIA 30326 Lenox Jowen Weil. 3390 Peechlree Rd. N.E. Tel. (404) 231 4320 _ BOSTON. MASSACHUSETTS 02149 Everett Slelion Tel. (617) Dunkirk 7-5010 CHICAGO. ILLINOIS 3158 Des Rleinei Ave. Dos Pleinei, Illinois 60018 Tot. (312) 296-6688 CINCINNATI. OHIO 45206 1501 Mediton Roed Tot. (513) 751-6707 CLEVELAND. OHIO 44122 3645 Werrensville Center Rd. Tel. (216) 991-5400 DETROIT. MICHIGAN 48235 500 Northland Towers Tel. (313) 357-0910 HOUSTON. TEXAS 77002 1300 Mein Street Tel. (713) Capitol 3-4011 LOS ANGELES. CALIFORNIA 90022 6670 E. Florllle St. Tel. (213) Reymond 3-2492 MINNEAPOLIS. MINNESOTA 55402 912 Noithslet Center 110 S. Seventh St. Tel. (612) Federel 9-4651 NEW YORK. NEW YORK 10017 277 Perk Avenue Tel. (212) 922-4111 PITTSBURGH. PENNSYLVANIA 15222 No. 4 Celewey Center Bldg. Room 1406 TeL (412)261-2156 ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI 63166 800 N. Lindbergh Btvd. Tel. (314) Wydown 3-1000 SAN FRANCICSO BAY AREA 2710 Leleyette. Sente Clete. Cel4. 95052 TeL (408) 243-0414 SEATTLE, WASHINGTON 98104 911 Western Avenue TeL (206) Mein 2-4203 SPRINGFIELD. MASSACHUSETTS 01101 730 Worcester Ave. TeL (413) 788-6911 WILMINGTON. DELAWARE 19803 2005 Concord Pike. Ferries Tel. (302) Olympic 8-6531 Agricultural Division EL OORAOO. ARKANSAS 71731 Smackovar Highway P. O. Boa 731 T.l. ($01) Union 3-31 St LULING. LOUISIANA 70070 P O Bon I 74 T!. ($04) 784-211 1 Building Product* Dapartmant ST. LOUIS. MISSOURI 83188 800 N. UndbNtgn Btvd. TtL (314) Wydown 3-1000 LOS ANGELES. CALIFORNIA 80088 814 San Fafnando Road Tat. (213) CA. 3-8111 Chamitrand Company Division AKRON. OHIO 44113 3010 Wait Maital SI. Tat. (218) Tamp!* 8-7841 CHARLOm. NORTH CAROLINA 28202 Wachovia Bank Building I 28 Waal Trad* Si. Tal. (704) 378-8871 NEW YORK. NEW YORK 10001 3SO Fifth Av*. Tat. (212) SS8-S100 ENGLEWOOD CLIFFS. N. J. 881 Palttadaa Av*. Engtawood Chili. Ntw Jataay 07831 Tat. (301) 688-21$) J Hydrocarbon* I* Polymar* Division Lion Oil 2 EL OORAOO. ARKANSAS 71730 Lion 04 Building Tal. ($01) Union 3-3111 JACKSON. MISSISSIPPI 36208 P. 0. Boa 10817 Waalland Station Tal. (801) Flaatwood 2-3848 LITTLE ROCK. ARKANSAS 72303 a 1 $1 $ Waal Savanih Si. a Tal. ($011 Ftankltn 8-2437 a MEMPHIS. TENNESSEE 38101 1021 Rtvatalda Dtiv* l P. 0. Boa 2$7 a Tal. (SOI > WttitahaA 8-44S1 * Organic Chamlcals Division | (Rubber Industry) a. a AKRON. OHIO 44311 * 820 Biown Sliaat 1 P. O. Boa 2307 a Tal. (218) Hatnlock 4-1821 . MONSANTO, 800 N. LINDBERGH BLVO., ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI 83168 NVF 003333 111)10404 4 ilH'O IM U1`. WATER PCB-SD0000074647 NVF 003334 MONSANTO. 800 N. LINDBERGH BLVO.. ST. LOUIS. MISSOURI 63166 ,V1-J (i WATER PCB-SD0000074648 TECHNICAL bullet PYDRAUL Fire-Resistant Hydraulic Fluid SELECTOR I A guide to selecting the correct Pydraul fluid for your hydraulic system. O-FF/3 NVF 0033J2 WATER PCB-SD0000074649 PYD RAUL1 Fire-Resistant Hydraulic Fluid SELECTOR I A guide to selecting the correct Pydraul fluid for your hydraulic system. O-FF/3 FLUIDS thw w>rwtw>mt<wel>wieTt>w1i<*< MV NlANtO *4U BO *AtAJI1*S AS !0 (Nt flllltSS M *MIOATAeAlff Of ant PBOOOCit Hftmo to. a iMteete* tflntKtnf i*wn im* UtfMO WOW04im M tlMOTOOBN. MO AsMtAMN ftHHsftsW| (Of Mf Ian VHriMN ItUlWilU (< {eOMW Otiuit OntatM/IOI N. LMHrfh SM./SI. Uun. MittMri I31H MVF 003373 WATER PCB-SD0000074650 PYDRAUL FLUIDS Development Fire protection for industrial hydraulic operations began with Pydraul in 1951. Pydraul fluids have since served industry with millions of machine hours of fire-free operation. Pydraul fluid has never contributed to a fire -- not even when sprayed from the broken ends of high pressure hydraulic lines onto white-hot surfaces. New ways are continuously being explored to im prove the excellent performance records of Pydraul fluids. The first Pydraul fluid, generalpurpose Pydraul F-9, has grown to a family of 12, specially tailored, fire-resistant hydraulic fluids. Each answers a major but specific hydraulic fluid need for industrial use. In addition to guarding against fire, each Pydraul fluid lubricates as well as premium grade oil. Pydraul fluids have an swered the need of virtually every industrial hydraulic operation, indoors and out -- from the sub-zero, outdoor hydraulic lift operations for refineries and blast furnaces to the low-viscosity fluid demands of high-speed, precision machine tools. Performance Pydraul fluids offer a wide range of viscosities from which you can select the proper range speci fied by your hydraulic equipment manufacturer. Whichever Pydraul fluid you select, each provides the same protection against fire, premium lubric ity, ease of maintenance, and freedom from corrosive action and foam. Pydraul hydraulic fluids also offer several additional benefits -- REDUCED FIRE INSURANCE RATES Pydraul eliminates fire hazards from hydraulic operations, reduces fire threats to surrounding structure and equipment. Insurance premiums for plants using Pydraul are often lower than pre miums for operations using petroleum oil. LONGER PUMP LIFE Machines which operate on water-based fluids frequently require pump repair or replacement as often as every two or three months. Machines which use Pydraul hydraulic fluids can operate on ' the same pump for several years. Pydraul hy draulic fluids give the same long pump life as the finest grade petroleum oil. NO CORROSION PROBLEMS Any metal hydraulic system component in contact with Pydraul will not rust. Pydraul hydraulic fluids do not lose anti-rust properties even after extended use. MAXIMUM EQUIPMENT RESPONSE Pydraul never produces excessive froth or foam during normal operations to interfere with hy draulic equipment response. Because Pydraul hydraulic fluids lubricate as well as premium petroleum oils, Pydraul permits equipment to operate at optimum response capability. INSPECTION AND REPLACEMENT DOWN-TIME ARE VIRTUALLY ELIMINATED Pydraul hydraulic fluids are designed to be permanent. Pydraul fluids do not wear out. Except for normal "make-up" requirements, you never have to add new Pydraul to hydraulic systems. Pydraul eliminates "drain and change" periods; it does not have to be inspected in your system from month to month -- or replaced from year to year. NVF 003374 WATER PCB-SD0000074651 Converting to Pydraul is Easy No matter what type of hydraulic fluid you now use in your equipment, you can easily convert to Pydraul. Virtually every type of hydraulic ma chinery requiring a fire-resistant hydraulic fluid has been converted to Pydraul. Equipment manu facturers are experienced'in converting machinery to Pydraul and should be consulted for their specific recommendations. Some manufacturers will tell you exactly what seals to change. Most can supply the correct seals. Machines operating on a atraighi aynlhtlic, fireresistant fluid can be converted to Pydraul with out interrupting your production. When converting to Pydraul A-200, Pydraul 625, or Pydraul AC, simply add Pydraul as make-up. To convert to other Pydraul fluids, drain the old fluid and refill with the Pydraul fluid. No flush is necessary. For best seal performance, make your future seal selection according to recommenda tions in the booklet "Converting to Pydraul Hydraulic Fluids." Machines operating on oil or water-based hy draulic fluids require the few simple steps out lined below. These steps are necessary to clean the system of the old fluid and to change to dynamic seals compatible with Pydraul. CHECK FOR LEAKS Check your entire system for leaks before you shut down. Mark any leaks for sealing after the system is drained. DRAIN THE SYSTEM Drain your present fluid as completely as possible from reservoir, lines and cylinders. Flush system with steam or warm water to avoid residual oil and water-glycol sludge which can reduce Pydraul fluid fire-resistance. You may also be able to do this by opening unions at low spots in your system and blowing out with clean dry air. Seal any leaks. CLEAN RESERVOIR ANO FILTERS If your reservoir is painted, use a commercial paint remover or scrape out the interior to prevent paint deterioration later on. Wipe your reservoir clean with lint-free rags. Clean or change the cartridge in your filter. CHECK PUMPS Check your pumps thoroughly for wear. Replace any worn parts. CHANGE SEALS, PACKINGS ANO HOSES Change your dynamic seals to seals compatible with Pydraul hydraulic fluid. If you use reinforced type hoses which are in good condition, you normally won't need to change them. If your hoses undergo severe flexing, we recommend butyl or Teflon-lined hoses. Your accumulator diaphragms should be of butyl, fluoroelastomera, EPR or silicone. Avoid buna elastomers, neuprene and natural rubber in dynamic seal locations. RECONNECT LINES Reconnect your lines, and tighten firmly. Fill your system with Pydraul to the manufacturer's recommended level. START AND STOP PUMP With the hydraulic controls in neutral, start and stop your pump several times, without allowing the system to reach working pressure. This procedure will lubricate the pump. Then you can leave the pump on to bring the system up to working pressure. RUN THROUGH CYCLE Run through the full operating cycle several times to use ail parts of your system. Bleed any trapped air through the petcocks. Check your fluid level and add Pydraul if necessary. ASK FOR THE BOOKLET "Converting to Pydraul'^ Hydraulic Fluids," for complete information. HOW TO EQUIP NEW MACHINERY WITH PYDRAUL When ordering new hydraulic equipment, simply specify, "For use with Pydraul hydraulic fluid" and state the specific Pydraul you will use. NVF 003375 WATER PCB-SD0000074652 I 4 FHYtlCAL PftOPERTIEl Aopestsnci Spec. Gravity 25*, 25*C Neut/iliretion Ho. (jcidily) (mg KOH, gm) m. Moisture (mis.) VI9C09ITT Cantistokes @ 100* f. 210* F. Seybolls n (d- 100* F. meesured: 210* F. "Absolute Seybolls" <e 100* F. (SSU X Oensity) 210* F. Pour Point Comoressibifity X10' tq. in., lb. Bulk Temperature Mm. (for continuous operation) Boilinj Point *F it 760 mm Hg. Coefficient o( Thetmel Expension per *F. Specif* Heel (8TU lb.'*F.) gt 77* F) Thermit Conductivity BTU hr. ft.F. Vipor Pressure Hg 200* f. Bulk Modului / Boom Temp. \ 1000-6000 ) \ pw / Solubility in Weler rmt nntsTANcc tmt High Freesura Spray Teit AMB41WC and Federal Teet Method ltd. 791. Teit fluid sprayed at 1000 psi through orifice, passing tftrou|lt flame a(oiyacetylene torch, 6000* F. Lee Pressure Spray Teal (AM9-I1MC). Test fluid sprayed at low pressure over iinited. oil-soaked raf to determine depee of increase in flame intensity. Het MardteM Tee! (Federal Test Method Std. 791). Test fluid dripped on tube at 1300* F. Molten Metal tynltten Teat Test fluid uposed to the surface of aluminum alloy at 1200* F., to test for spontaneous igmtio*. yire-mMeaee Adesnteges el PydYssi Pydraul fluids protect hydraulic equip ment and personnel with permanenr lire protection. Pydreul fluids contain no water lo evaporate and leave a llammaMe.reaidue. Outing their more than one button machine hours of use, Pydreul fluids have been accidentally sprayed over molten metal, through electrical arcs, into tlamei end tperke --without causing fire. Pydreul fluids have never caused or contributed to e hydraulic (Ire in any type of equip ment. They pees all of the important ignition teite lor tlreresistanca. PYORAUl. F-9 Cloudy 8lu Liquid 1 280-1 295 0.10-0.35 0 2055 <3 (a 53 5 0 lo 5 S 225 SSU 43 3 SSU 327 SSU 52 SSU -5* F. 2 58 225* F. 644* F. 0 00041 0 32 0 067 0 1mm 387,000 Heghgible """" - )i PY0R. ! Cloudy ji t oss~ : o ; Tic: 9 6 :a 2 3 la 50 SC 35 53 50 5 3 35 53 -;c 3a iflv 707* 0 0004' 0 42 0 047 0 01/nm 321,906 'Hegfigibii Does not flash or ignite up lo 3H feet from orifice. Self-estinguishmt ftp increase in flame intensity. Slight increese m liar Doh not flash or bum. Intermittent fleshing r Ooes no< burn after Does not ignitw r flashes by spun. Does not ignite. Monsanto introduced Pydreul F-9 as industry's tint straight eynthetie, flra-reeistant hy draulic fluid. Pydraul F-9 rapidly Decerns the standard against which ell other syn. thetic hydraulic (lutdt were iudged. Today, it is Stitt con sidered the baeie lor compari son. Pydraul F 9 ia now uaed m every maior type of die casting machine and a wide variety of other equipment lound In the metal working, teas, and process industries. No other fire-resistant hydraulic fluid has more onthe-line proven performance to otter. Low viscosity PyOisv, treeiy t -20* f A properties end Ibemily at lemperilures u F. In nydreulic operai require precii'o instantly, ptydraut 60 smooth operation '' chine start to nop. tlow-on-demend oc without hydraulic its 60 otters escsnent. i snt. hydraulic ooerir vane, gear end pillar in high-speed mecNf NVP 0033J6 . WATER PCB-SD0000074653 PYQRAUL iso Cloudy Blu Liquid 1 120-1 131 0 17 0.1055 20 to 34 6 9 to J l MS 9 SSU 52 9 SSU 163 SSU 56 SSU -55 F. 3 13 150* F. 617 F. 0.00042 0 40 0.072 0.1mm 319,000 NgHgibl* PYDRAUL A-200 Cloudy 8lua Liquid 1 415-1 430 0 M--l 10 0 05% ' 30 0 to 33 0 2 6 to 3 0 144 SSU 35.7 SSU 204 SSU 45 SSU + 15 F. 2 28 250 F. 620 F. 0 00040 0 28 0 068 0 2mm 438,000 NegtigiW* PYDRAUL S2S Cloudy Blut Liquid 1 360-1 400 0 30 0 15% 125 to 145 5 7 to 6 2 625 7 SSU 45 9 SSU 845 SSU 59 SSU + 30 F. 2 66 225 f. (mix. exit nr limp. 350* F.) 724* F. 0 00040 0 28 0.065 0 09mm 375,000 Ntgtigibl* PYDRAUL AC Clear Blue liquid 1 345-1 385 0 15 0 15% 82 to 9? 4 6 lo 5 0 408 8 SSU 42 1 SSU 550 SSU 50 SSU + 20 F. 2 66 225" F. imax exit an lemp. 350* F.) 688* F. 0 00040 0 32 0 066 2 0 x 10' 375.000 Negligrbt* PYDRAUL AC WINTER GRADE 21 Cleif 8lu liquid 1 275 -1 295 0 15 0 15% 26 lo 10 3 5 lo 3 9 408 3 SSU 42 1 SSU 180 SSU 52 SSU 0" r 2 66 225" F ~ imax. esit an lemo. 350" * 688" F 0 00040 0 32 ' 0 066 2 Ox 10' 375,000 Negligible Salf-ixtinguichmg. Ooit not flisi! or ignit* up to 359 0o*t not flack or igmti up to 354 Doec not flask or ignite up to 354 Ooac not flask or ignite up lo Int from critic*. Int Itom orific*. (eat from orifice. leet from arrfac*. Slight increase in dim* Intimity. Slight uterus* in flam* Intimity, Vary alight inerne* in flam* Vary slight increase in llama intimity. inttneity. Vary slight increase m flintensity. Inltrmillinl flashing ind burning. Don not flick or burn. Litlli burning in pin below. Don not flick or burn. Does not flash or burn. Ooes not flask of bum. Ooac not igniti. Don not ignat*. Oow not ignite. Don not ignite. Ooac not ignite. Pydrtut 150 it used in hy draulic syetems to control luil tour rctiot lor bint turntn, eoaaing pita, and other nmiiar ralatad tqulpmenl. Al though davalopad aapaclalty lor tavara cold-weather, out door ooaratlona. Pydraut ISO it alio uaad for cartain ml*nit.launch proiacta and In |iara ol IOX pumpa locatad in oiyfan.noh atmoapharaa at miislle-futftng iitsa. Pydraut 150 alio parlorma aa an aacatlant low-vieeoaity fluid for high-speed meeftln* tootL Pydrauf A-200 tl on* of th moit aridity uaad. janataipurpoia, lira ramtant hy draulic fluid* in Induitry. lntroduc*d In 1999, It was th* tint llr*-r*il*t*nt, atnight aynthatte hydraulic fluid to break tit* "pncc/pcrlormanc* barnar." Pydraut A-200 performs Ilka pramium.grada patroiaum oft In a wtda variety ol industrial applicallona, from dia-caatlng to aluminum eatrusion. It pratacta plant* ind paraonnat with chamically "Inharant" llra-raaiatanca. yat eoata laaa than othar itnight aynthatte lluida. High viicoiity Pydnul 625 it tulond lor ultr*-h*avy-duty hydraulic operations, tuch at for large Industrial praaiaa and pumps. Pydraut 629 ie alto uaad aa a tirs-end-eaploaron-ratiatant air comprattor lubricant. Pydraut 625 can be uaad in any equipment recurr ing an 900 to 1000 SSU oil. Pydraut 62S hat all the good psrtormancs cnaractsrutics that havt won ftrdraul lluida tha reputation of quality and dependability throughout in dustry. In yaart at industrial field uaa. Pydnul 625 haa provan to ba a top-grade lubricant. Pydnul AC is a spacial silely lubricant for air compiaaaon which provtdtl several impor tant advantages over petro leum oil for this uaa. Pydnul AC rsducss the threat at comprtteor liras and aaplosiona by alimmating combustibla misfa and minimising carbo naceous reaiduei. Costa ol compractor down time and cleaning are greatly reduced, because Pydnul AC virtually eliminates deposits on eehaust vslves. in cooiars, and in piping. These lower maintenance coals alone usually justify Pydraut AC lor an compressors. Pydraul AC Wmtar Grad# a iow tamparatura formula' of Pydraul AC lutsncmt. raeommandad for air c: oration which oparata m ambianl lamparaturav NVF 003377 WATER PCB-SD0000074654 U IIU 'V Pydraul Viscosities Laboratory viscosity measurements of SSU (Saybolt Seconds Universal) are affected by fluid density. Because all petroleum oils used for hydraulic operations have similar densities, their measured viscosities can be compared; however, the densities of synthetic fluids differ from one another and from petroleum oils. To compare viscosities, measured viscosities of synthetic fluids must be corrected for density. Each curve on the two charts (SSU and Centistokes) shows the viscosity-temperature relation ship modified for the difference in density of the indicated Pydraul fluid. By comparing these curves with viscosity curves of light, medium, and heavy grades of petroleum oils, it can be seen that Pydraul fluids virtually duplicate viscosities of petroleum oils at normal operating temperatures. 1 8 WATER_PCB-SD0000074655 Pydraul Lubrication Properties Pydraul fluids lubricate as well as premium petro leum oil. Because of this premium lubricity, Pydraul fluids give the same long pump life as premium petroleum oil. Equipment responds at its optimum capability. And Pydraul fluids are designed to be permanent -- they never evaporate or wear out. PTOftAUt. rimhsn Left* (Pitn|) Almsn Wssr Alitiss Mid fils* Ud--in UN--in. --Ton**--lb. indie* Fils* Wttr (UiMr csstlnussi lo*d 9 iOO lbf.< isti ia iacAsi/ Ul 10 niswlsi 2nd 10 rmnutn MwO Ftar.feu Dmt (lirf. I Hr, IM rj, SlM4 OH SlM* to *1 40 a died e* Srtftift 10 k|. 0 k|. Psm Tett--men (V*t9*8, 1*0*9. 1909 bn.) Ins PTM< (Ion M is) y*m, frm (lets * g*M> tiMn MIS i>t (Im n |l) SutAiii 2011 (fun (len |de) 50 Mil. I/.50Q Mi 20 OOO 0M O IM. 25.000 ph MQ0 n 0 OOM2S A 000190 0 29 0.97 i is 1 29 -a am -o.oon -HO 0120 -0 OOM PYORAUL a 14 tbs. 2.400 9tk 41 IM. 29.000 pm 2300 M 0 000425 0 0003AQ 0 27 0.4$ 0 12 i -9 aw -0 1159 HO 0009 -0 0920 PY0RAUI IM 4Q Ibi, 11.200 pit J.l m%fe 4.000 Ml a ibi. 23.000 Ml 2000 M 0 000421 0 000332 9 0 SI 0 90 1 SI -0 IM -0 0171 -0 1991 -0 HJ4 tot freest AC 29 wo whim is tots fa PCraft AC. RY0RAUL AMO 90 IM. 15.300 m (J 4.000 Ml 44 Ibt. 24.000 Mi 4200 90 0 000390 0 000390 0.29 id 1 40 l 20 -0 88*9 .0 Dili -0 0151 -0 9217 PYORAUL lit 95 IM. --it.000 SM -- 1400 IS --.-- 0 25 0 14 0 97 -- -0 OOIJ -0 0021 oni -0 0052 RVORAUL ns 55'M. 21.200 mi 2 2 rr>|4 4.000 Ml 50 IM 23.000 M> 4100 0 000411 0 000332 0 21 0 92 I 10 1 19 -0 0013 -0 0015 -0 0045 -0 0059 PT0RAIM. AC* 50 tbs. 23 250 osi -- " woo II TM 0 000421 0 000215 0 12 o ;s -- -0 DOTS HQ 0014 ' 0 0049 H> 0045 I I i 1 Mixing Compatibility PYDRAUL WITH OTHER HYDRAULIC FLU10S n a m ill m* as Ac-wta en.iw.uM 90 150 220 300 550 HOUQHTOSArt 1010 1055 1120 1130 NO YES NO YES NO YES YES NO YES NO YES NO YES YES NO YES NO YES NO YES YES NO YES NO YES NO YES YES NO YES NO YES NO YES YES NO YES NO YES NO YES YES NO YES NO YES NO YES YES NO YES NO YES NO YES YES NO YES NO YES NO YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES PYORAUL WITH OTHER PYDRAUL FLUIDS ______________ n m m ai ww ac ac-wos F9 - NO YES YES YES YES YES YES GO 150 200 312 525 AC NO -- NO YES NO YES YES YES NO - YES YES YES YES YES YES YES - YES YES YES YES NO YES YES - YES YES YES YES YES YES YES - YES YES YES YES YES YES YES - YES YES YES NO YES YES AC-WG2J YES YES YES YES NO YES YES - WATEfl.QLYCOi md WATM-OIL EMULSION Fluids - Pydum hydiulie fluids lit not csmpihbk with Huh fluids. JltHmeli *** 4 nM Py*ft HftnnrMwd 4v*t cMmiMHN * ** iMSaanl rs oOter m sms (tm*f m ikm *<>*> as Net** HJ M.kfdfMB V4 siftftMfcW PtMN *hI. MH ** *rM) Sws* pt*mi 112. * Pta4 . *!** >2V NVF 003379 WATER PCB-SD0000074656 Handling and Storage As with all specialized industrial fluids, certain precautions are advisable when handling Pydraul fluids. No health problems should arise when Py draul fluids are used as recommended. Avoid repeated or continuous skin contact. Re peated or prolonged contact can lead to drying and skin "chapping." Where prolonged skin contact cannot be avoided, gloves should be worn. At room temperatures, there is no vapor inhala tion hazard from Pydraul; however, inhalation of vapors at high temperatures should be prevented. In animal experimentation, exposures to vapors for one hour showed local respiratory irritation, although no systemic effects were produced. Although eye irritation studies using Pydraul at full strength indicate Pydraul is a mild irritant, there is no evidence to show Pydraul causes permanent damage to eye tissues. If Pydraul fluid is splashed or sprayed into the eyes, eyes should be thoroughly flushed with water and the workman referred to a physician. To relieve irritation, physicians have used 1% pontocaine solution, as well as the ophthalmic cortisone acetate solution. Pydraul hydraulic fluids can be stored at sub zero temperatures without fluid damage. Before using, simply allow the fluid to warm to room temperature. Drums stored outside should be sealed tightly and placed in a horizontal position to keep out moisture. . 8 i NVF 003380 . 0)88 6 IMHO " 0 $ * WATER PCB-SD0000074657 DISTRICT SALES OFFICES All DIVISIONS ATLANTA. GEORGIA 30326 Lanox Towers East 3400 Peachtree Pd. N, -- Suit* 1711 T*l. (404) 577-2260 BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS 02143 Eviritt Station ' T*l. (617) 387-5010 CHICAGO, ILLINOIS 3153 0*t Plain** Ava. Oat Plaina*. Illinois 60018 Tat. (312) 236-6688 CINCINNATI, OHIO 45206 1501 Madison Hoad Tat. (513) 731-6707 CLEVELAND, OHIO 44122 3645 Warransvilla Canter Pd Tat. (216) 991-5400 DETROIT, MICHIGAN 4S235 500 Northland Towers East Tal. (313) 357-0910 HONOLULU. HAWAII 96812 205 Pacific International Bldg. v 677 Ala Moans 8lvd.. P. 0. Box 3824 Tal. (808) 512-744 HOUSTON. TEXAS 77002 1300 Main Street Tal. (713) Capitol 3-4011 LOS ANGELES. CALIFORNIA 90022 6670 Flotilla St. Tat (213) 723-2492 MINNEAPOLIS. MINNESOTA 55402 912 Northstar Canter 110 S. Seventh St. Tal (612) 339-4651 . NEW YORK. NEW YORK 10017 277 Park Avenue Tal (212) 922-4111 PITTSBURGH. PENNSYLVANIA 15222 No. 4 Getaway Center Bldg. Boom 534 Tel. (412) 261-2156 ST. LOUIS. MISSOURI 63166 800 N. Lindbergh Bhd. Tat. (314) Oxford 4-1000 SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA 2710 Lafayette, Sente Clara. Calif. 95062 Tel. (408) 243-0414 SEATTLE. WASHINGTON 98104 911 Western Avenue Tef. (206) Main 2-4203 SPRINGFIELD. MASSACHUSETTS 01101 730 Worcester Ave. Tel (413) 786-6911 WILMINGTON. DELAWARE 19803 2006 Concord PHte. Fthfax Tel. (302) Olympia 8-6631 Additional Oistrict Offices are maintained by: Agricultural Division LULING LOUISIANA 70070 P. 0. Box 174 TH. (504) 784.5253 MEMPHIS. TENNESSEE 38113 1023 Rivitiid# Onvi P O flox 13248 Til. (901) wh.uhNi 7-3151 Taxtilaa Division AKRON OHIO 44313 3030 Will Midtit SI. Til. (21 8) 838-7941 ATLANTA. GEORGIA 30303 Atlintt Mirchctidis# Mwt 240 PiiclUfti Si.. N. W. Til. (404) 577-2280 CHARLOTTE. NORTH CAROLINA 28202 WKhovti Sink Building 129 Wait Tiidi SI. Til. (704) 378-9871 ENGLEWOOO CLIFFS, N. J. 07831 881 PHiudHAva. Til. (201) 888-2181 NEW YORK. NEW YORK 350 Film Ava. TH. (201) 588-5100 Hydrocarbon* & Potymara Dlviilon-Uon Oil EL OORAOO. ARKANSAS 71730 Lion OK Building T#l. (501) Union 3-3111 JACKSON. MISSISSIPPI 39208 P. 0. Box 10*37 Wwllirvd Slitton TH. (801) 352-3841 LITTLE ROCK. ARKANSAS 72203 1515 Wm< Sovantti SL TU. (501) Ffinklin 8-2437 MEMPHIS. TENNESSEE 38113 1023 Rrvalue# Oirv* P. O. Box 13248 TU. (901) WNiilu* 7-3151 Organic Chamicai* Division (Rubber Industry) AKRON. OHIO 44311 920 Blown Suwt P. O. Box 2307 TiL (218) Hunlock 4-1921 MONSANTO. 800 N. LINDBERGH BLVD.. ST. LOUIS. MISSOURI S318S NVF 003381 WATER PCB-SD0000074658 NVF 003382 MONSANTO. 800 N. UNOBORON BLVO.. ST. LOUIS. MISSOURI 83188 WATER PCB-SD0000074659 vr+iMOxtec o/'y-c*^/ S Tf Jo */& selector PYDRAUL Fire-Resistant Hydraulic Fluid A guide to selecting the cor rect Pydraul fluid for hydraulic systems. O/FF-3 WATER PCB-SD0000074660 NVF 003394 Development Fire protection for industrial hydraulic opera tions began with Pydraul in 1951. Pydraul fluids have since provided industry with millions of machine hours of safe operation. Pydraul fluid has never caused a fire--not even when sprayed from broken high pressure hydraulic fines onto while-hot surfaces. New ways are continuously being explored to improve the excellent performance records of Pydraul fluids. From the first Pydraul fluid, (Pydraul F-9) the family has grown to a dozenplus specially tailored, fire-resistant safety fluids. Each answers a major but specific hy draulic fluid need for industrial use. In addi tion to guarding against fire, each Pydraul fluid lubricates as well as premium grade oil. Pydraul fluids have answered the need of vir tually every industrial hydraulic operation, in doors and out--from the sub-zero, outdoor hy draulic lift operations for refineries and blast furnaces to the low-viscosity fluid demands of high-speed, precision machine tools. Performance Pydraul fluids ofTer a wide range of viscosities from which you can select the proper range speci fied by your hydraulic equipment manufacturer. Whichever Pydraul fluid you select, each pro vides the same protection against fire, premium lubricity, ease of maintenance, and freedom from corrosive action and foam. Pydraul hydraulic fluids fdso ofTer several additional benefits-- REDUCED FIRE INSURANCE RATES Pydraul eliminates fire hazards from hydraulic operations, reduce* fire threats to surrounding structure and equipment. Insurance premiums for plants using Pydraul are often lower than premiums for operations using, petroleum oil. LONGER PUMP LIFE Machines which operate on water-based fluids frequently require pump repair or replacement as often as every two or three months. Machines which use Pydraul hydraulic fluids can operate on the same pump for several years. Pydraul hydraulic fluids give the same long pump life as the finest grade petroleum oil. NO CORROSION PROBLEMS Any metal hydraulic system component in con tact with Pydraul will not rust. Pydraul hydrau lic fluids do not lose anti-rust properties even after extended use. MAXIMUM EQUIPMENT RESPONSE Pydraul never produces excessive froth or foam during normal operations to interfere with hy draulic equipment response. Because Pydraul hydraulic fluids lubricate as well as premium petroleum oils, Pydraul permits equipment to operate at optimum response capability. INSPECTION AND REPLACEMENT DOWN-TIME ARE VIRTUALLY ELIMINATED Pydraul hydraulic fluids are designed to be permanent. Pydraul fluids do not wear out. Ex cept for normal "make-up" requirements, you never have to add new Pydraul to hydraulic systems. Pydraul eliminates "drain and change" periods; it does not have to be inspected in your system from month to month--or replaced from year to year. NVF 003395 WATER PCB-SD0000074662 PYBRAUL Selector One PHYSICAL PROPERTIES Appaaranea Spec. Grnvily 25725*C. Neutralization No. (acidity) (mg KOH/gm) mj. Moisluie (max.) VISCOSITY Cenlislokes <fr 100*f. 2107. Saybollsasfji 1007. measured: 2107. "Absolute Seybolls" ( 1007. (SSU x Density) 2107. Tour Poml Compinssibiltly ID* sq. in./lb. Bulk Temperatuie Mai. (lor continuous operation) Boiling Point 7 el 760 mm H|. Coefficient of Thermal Expansion per 7. Specific Heal 8TU/lb./7. (a 777. Theimal Conduclivily 8TU/hr./tl./7, Vapoa Pressure He Or 2007. Bulk Modulus /Room Temp.\ ^ 1000-6000 } Solubility m Water FIRE RESISTANCE TEST __________ High Pressure Spray Test (AMS-31S0C and Federal Test Method Sid, 791) Test fluid sprayed al 1000 pst Ihrouib onlice, passini thiou|b flame ot oxyacelylene torch, 60007. low Pressure Spray Test (AMS-3150C)' Test fluid sprayed ai tow pressure ovei ignited, oil- soaked ra( to determine degree ot increase in flame intensity. Hot Manifold Test (Federal Test Method Std. 791). Test fluid dripped on al 13007. Molten Metal Ignition Test. Test fluid eiposed to the surface ot aluminum alloy al 12007., to test for spontaneous ignition. PYDRAUL F-9 Cloudy Blue liquid 1.280-1.295 0.10-0.35 0 .209', S3 lo 53 CJ 5.0 lo 5.8 cs 225 SSU 43.3 SSU 322SSU 52 SSU _ -5<--- "~2'58 2257. 6647. 0 00041 ~W 0.067 0.1 mm 387,000 Negligible Does not Hash or ignite up lo 3V6 leet from orifice. No increase in flame intensity. Ooes not flash or burn. Does no< ignite: flashes by spark. .. i PYDRAUL A-20C Cloudy Blue liquid 1.415-1 430 0.80-1 10 0 05"; JCOlo 33.0 cj 2.8 to 3 Oct 144 SSU 35.7 SSU 704 SSU <8 SSU i 157 2.28 2507. 6287. 0 00040 0.28 0.068 0.2mm 438.000 Negligible Does nol Hash or igmle up leet liom oolite. Slight me/ease m llame mien Ooes nol Hash oi bum. Does nol igmle. Flra-reslstanee Advantages at Pydraui Pydraui fluids protect hydraulic aqiiipmnnt end person nel with permanent tire protection. Pydreul fluids contain no wetor to evaporate and leave a flammable residue. During their millions ot hours ot machine use, Pydreul fluids have bean accidentally sprayed over molten metal, through electrical arcs. Into flames and lparhs--without causing lire. Pydraui fluids have never caused or con tributed to a hydraulic fire in any type ot equipment. They pass ail ot the Important Ignition lasts for lira- resistance. Monsanto introduced Pydrtul F-9 as industry's lirst straight synthetic, fira-resistani hydrau lic lluid. Pydraui F-9 rapidly be came the standard against which all other synthetic hydraulic fluids were fudged. Today. It is still tumidered the basis for comparison. Pydreul F-9 is used in every maior type ol diecasting machine end a wide variety ot other equipment found in the metal-working, glass, and pro cess industries. No other fireresistant hydraulic fluid has more on-the-line proven per formance to offer. Pydreul F-9 Is listed by Underwriters lab oratories for use in hazardous hydraulic applications. It is also approved by Factory Mutual and U.S. Bureau ol mines. Pydraui A-200 is one ol l'11 widely used, general ou fire resistant hydraulic II industry. Introduced in ! was the first lire res straight synthetic hyd lluid to break the "pne formance barrier " Pydraui A-200 perfom premium-grade peUoleu a wide variety of indusi' plications, from die-cas aluminum extrusion. It r plants and pef sonnet ail' ically "inherent" ance, yet costs less ma straight synthelic ' Pydreul A-200 is app' ; Factory Mutual. 2 MVF 003396 WATER PCB-SD0000074663 At'-------------------- ------------------------ PYDRAUL 280 PYDRAUL 625 PYDRAUL 150 PYDRAUL 60 Cloudy Blue Liquid " " 1 Jib-1.404 '" ` 0.2-0.5 " ' 0 15% '" 56 lo 6? cs 3.9 lo 4. Id 774 SSU 39.1 SSU 38? SSU 44.4 SSU I 70V. 2.47 " " m-r. 6Ji*r. 0.00040 ' "` 0.7* 0.066 0.14mm <0G'00 Afe*tif6te Cloudy Blue liquid 8 ;TO <J> . '' 0.30 015% 125 lo 145 cs 5.7 lo 6.2 cs 625.7 SSU 45.9 SSU 845 SSU 59 SSU 4 30-F. 2.66 225V. 724*F. o.oowo 0.28 0.065 0.09mm 375,000 NegligiN* , 1 Cloudy Blue liquid 1.120-1.131 0.17 o.i or. 29 lo 34 cs 6.9 lo8.1cs 145.9 SSU 52.9 SSU 163 SSU 56 SSU -S5*r. 3.13 150*F. 617*F. 0.00042 0.40 0.072 0.1 mm 319,000 Hegfigtbl* Cloudy Blue Liquid 1.088-1.091 0.25 01095 '" 96 lo 104 cs 2 3 lo 2.5 cs 60 SSU 35 SSU 60.5 SSU 35 SSU -70V. 3.05 175V. 707 V. 0.00044 0.47 0.047 0 01mm 328,000 Negligible ....... . Oon not Hash or igntl* up to 316 int lien wilie*. Vny ilt|hl incieasc in 111me inhnuly. Oort not Hash w bum. Om not igaitt. Does not (lash or ignite up lo V/i feet Irom orifice. Very slight increase in llama in tensity. Does not Hash or bum. Ooes nol ignite. Self-txlinguishing. Slight increase in Heme intensity. Inleimllent Hashing and burning, little burning in pan below. Does not ignite. Self-extinguishing. Slight increase in llama intensify. Intermittent flashing and burning. Ooes not bum alter leaving lube. Does nol ignite. 'Vaniil 780 it shear ttabla, ' ii'ifi viscosity medium rings 'rly lluid. Developed spociviir Ioi hydraulic clutches in Oemiari coal nunet, Pydraul '"d hy proved tiKcettlul In s "Hy 4 hydraulic applicitlon* xiudini diecattmg machinas nuiviomalic weldert. Blinded 1 - provide' a fluid with a viscosity '"He between Pydioul A-700 *nd Pydraul 675, Pydraul 780 in, ptrlorinanee-proved with 4-ihiiey equal to lliosi o( the *"* necepted Pydraul fluids, rdeeul 780 la approved by 'Cloty Mutual. 9 High viscosity Pydraul *23 Is tailored tor ultra-heavy-duty hy draulic operations, tuch as lor large industrial prassaa and pumps. Pydraul *25 Is also used asa (Ire-and-asplosiorweslstant air compressor lubricant. Py draul 623 can be used in any equipment requiring an 800 to IOOO SSU oil. Pydraul 625 has ell the good performance characteristics which have won Pydraul fluids the reputation ol quality and dapandabitity throughout in dustry. In yaars ol industrial liald use. Pydraul 625 haa proved lo be a top-grade lubri cant. Pydraul 625 is approvad by Factory mutual. Pydraul 150 is used In hydraulic systems to control luel-to-air ratios for blast furnaces, soak ing pits, and othar similar re lated equipment. Although de veloped especially tor severe cold-weather, outdoor opera tions. Pydraul ISO Is also used (or ctrtain missile-launch projacts and In gaars of LOX pumps located In ouygen-rlch atmos pheres at missile-fueling sites. Pydraul ISO also performers an eacallent low-viscosity fluid (or high-speed machine tools. Low viscosity Pydraul 60 Hows freely at --20*F. It retains its properties and thermal stabil ity at temperatures up to 200* F, In hydraulic operations that require precision flow instantly, Pydraul 60 supplies smooth operation from machine start to Stop: <t offers ftowondemand operation without hydraulic lag Pydraul 60 offers excellent, fire-resistant, hydraulic opera tion with vane, gear and piston pumps in high-speed machine tools. hVF 003397 3 WATER PCB-SD0000074664 90 100 110 120 190 140 ISO 160 170 50000 Pydraul Measured Viscosities In Saybolt Seconds Universal Pump manufacturers recommended operating range between 70 SSU and 4000 SSU. VISCOSITY, SAYBOLT UNIVERSAL SECONDS VISCOSITY, SAYBOLT UNIVERSAL SECONDS 2 C T O O U) UJ CD _J4 _10 0 to 20 )0 40 SO M 20 10 SO 100 110 120 1)0 140 1)0 H0 V0 100 ISO 200 210 220 2)0 240 2S0 260 220 240 2S0 100 )10 120 1)0 MO 1)0 TEMPERATURE. DEGREES FAHRENHEIT WATER PCB-SD0000074665 -in -to -to 10 20 30 *0 50 40 30 >0 M 100 HO 130 KINEMATIC VISCOSITY, CENTISTOKES KINEMATIC VISCOSITY, CENTISTOKES z < *n o o oo u> vO G -100 - SO -00 -40 -SO --*0 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 SO tO 10 00 M 100 110 120 130 140 ISO ItO 110 ItO WO 200 210 220 230 240 230 240 210200 200 300 310120 J30 340 TEMPERATURE, DEGREES FAHRENHEIT WATER PCB-SD0000074666 Pydraul Lubrication Properties I'vdraul llmils lubrieule a* well us iirimium IH'irok'um dil. IteeuuM.- uf litis premium lulirieilv', I'vdraul fluiiIs i'ivc ihe same fmiy [Himp life as premium petroleum oil. Kquipnieni. nsponiU at its nplimiiin capability. And I'ydraul fluids are de-mned U> be permanent.--iliey never evaporale or wear out. limhon l oad (I'assntg) Almcii Woai Aimco Load laic* toad--Jaw* load-lbs. - loique-lb. indies laic* Weai (Undei continuous load to 100 lbs., loss hi indies) 1st 10 mrnules ?nd 10 minutes Shell Tour Ball Wear (167-F. 1 hr., 630 rpm, mm scar) Steel on Sleet 10 kg. 40 kg. Slcel on Sionre 10 kg. 40 kg. . Pump Teit-Vickeri (V-105-E. DOT. 1000 hrs.) Ring, giams (lossoi gain) Vanes, giants (toss or gam) Unsliing 201b gtams (loss oi gam) [lushing 2016 giants (loss or gam) PYURAUL F-9 PYURAUL 60 PYORAUL 150 PYDRAUL A-200 PYDRAUL 280 PYORAUL 625 50 lbs. 17.500 OSi 2.0 mg( 4.000 PSI 43 lbs. 25.000 psi 14 lbs. MOO psi -- 48 lbs. 2b.(XX) psi 40 lbs. 18,200 psi 19 mg( 4,000 PSI 46 lbs. .23.000 psi 50 lbs. 10.300 psi 1.3 nigfu 4.000 psi 44 lbs. 24.000 psi 53 lbs. 19.YOU psi 1.7 ,i'g( 4 UOO OSi 47 lbs. 23.500 psi 55 his 2I.2CO psi ' 2 ugi-i 1 00(1 psi 50 lbs 23.000 osi 4100 2300 2000 4200 4100 4 ICO 93 73 64 90 87 39 0.000428 0.000190 0.000475 0.000380 0.000428 0.000332 0 000380 0.000380 0 000-190 0 000356 0000618 0 000332 0.28 0.2/ 0.36 0.29 0.25 026 0.6/ 0.48 0.51 0.43 0.52 0.62 1.18 0.82 0.80 1.40 1.25 1.10 1.28 2.35 1.58 1./0 1.44 1 19 -0.0084 -0.0011 1 0.0120 -0.0063 -0.0037 -0.1859 10.0008 -0.0020 -0.1212 -0.0378 -0.1601 -0.1134 -0.0848 -0.0191 -0.0151 -0.0217 -twin -0 0015 -0 0015 -0.0050 Mixing Compatibilty PYDRAUL WITH OTHER HYDRAULIC FLUIDS " l A-200 312- 2;j 625 FYRQUEL ( Otmarly Celtulube) 90 NO YES NO YES NO yes" YES IbU NO YES NO YES NO YES YES 270 NO YES NO YES NO YES YES 300 NO YES NO YES NO YES YES 550 NO YES NO YES NO YES YES HOUGHTO-SAfE 1010 105b 1170 1130 NO YES NO YES NO YES YES NO YCS NO YES NO YES YES NO YES NO YES NO YES YES NO YES NO YCS NO YES YES PYDRAUL WITH OTHER PYDRAUL FLUIDS . - . F9 60 J50 A-200 312' 280 _F9 NO ` YES YES YES YES 60 " " -150 ' -A-200 ` -312 NO YES YES YCS NO YES NO NO YCS YES YES YES YES NO YCS rtS YES YES YES YES 280 ` YES YES YES YES YES - 625 YES YES YES YES YES HS 625 .YES YES YES YES YES YES - WATER-GLYCOL and WATER-OIL EMULSION fPy<*n* hydraulic fluids lit not compatible Mill) Ihew Hindi rydiiul 1IJ n mi it i iiinily at nr* Vm-coil imlhrtit " mlant lluidt by A'fh pifo<i4ct md tow coil Ja 'w'1' . Mhj rrmlv Mv th* Hum c*mol'biMt at Pv<1'*ul H? oiRti biifiiw md *Mi dlbf* PydAMMJhiJdt. i* n# RydtfUl H/di 'nclwdo ridiAui'W i 1)5. RydiAul 730, PydfMl 31? rydnul *40 N.VF 003400 WATER PCB-SD0000074667 Converting to PYDRAUL is Easy Regardless of llie type hydraulic fluid being used, converting a system Uo low-cost Pydraul fluids is easy. Virtually every type of equipment which uses lire-resistant hydraulic fluid hits been converted to Pydraul fluids. Most equip ment manufacturers are experienced in Pydraul lluid conversions and should be consulted. If changing seals is necessary, equipment manu facturers can recommend wlmt seals to change, and many carry a supply of correct seals. Laboratory tests and operational experience show Vilon*, Tellon*, and silicone the preferred elastomers for compatible seals. For moderate temperatures ibelow I40K) butyl seals, hose, etc. are usually acceptable. Nylon and Teflon are satisfactory for higher temperatures. To replace other fluids which are compatible with I'yd raul and where compatible seals are in the system, it is only necessary to add Pydraul as make-up fluid. It is not necessary to drain nr clean. When converting from petroleum oils, non-compatible synthetic fluids, water-glycol fluids, or water-in-oil emulsions, the following steps are recommended. These conform to USA Standard 1198.5-- 19(16. For best seal perform ance, make your future seal selection according to recommendations'on page 8 in this booklet. please ask the Monsanto fluids specialist for recommendations and assistance, or telephone uur technical specialists in St. Louis directly 1814) 1194-2500. Change-Over Procedures CHANGING FROM PETROLEUM OIL 1. ('omplctcly drain and clean the system. Small amounts of oil will not interfere with the per formance of Pydraul, but resistance to fire is reduced by the amount of oil left in the system. 2. Drain and blow out pipelines. Manually clean valves and reservoirs. 9<J Iradamnrh of t. I, Du Pont do Nimour* 4 Co., Inc. 3. Open or remove and drain valves. Uoplare gaskets, packings, and seals with those com patible with Pydraul. It. is particularly im portant to change dynamic seals. Static seals do not necessarily have to be changed if they are not leaking. Non-compatible static seals will have to be replaced when the part is disassembled for maintenance. 4. Remove pumps, accumulators, and cylinders, if necessary, for draining. Replace packings, seals, gaskets, and bladders with those com patible with Pydraul. 5. Check component functions before the systern is closed and fluid is added. 6. If your system cannot bo completely drained, you may have to flush it with a small amount of Pydraul. CHANGING FROM WATER-GLYCOL OR WATER-IN-OIL EMULSION * 1. Drain and clean system thoroughly. Remove all traces of water. Kmpty all lines and low points or dead pockets in components. 2. Clean with steam or warm water. Follow by blowing with dry air. 3. Check sealing materials, hoses, ami accumu lator bags. Replace if necessary with com patible materials. 4. Install a minimum charge of Pydraul and operate the system from 16 to 24 hours. During this period, inspect the reservoir. If water or other contaminants float to the top, skim them olL 5. Drain the flushing charge immediately after shut-down while the fluid is warm. Drain all isolated points or parts which do not drain back to the reservoir. If water is apparent in fluid clinging to walls, wipe down all acces sible parts. CHANGING FROM PHOSPHATE ESTERS (OTHER THAN PYDRAUL) 1. Drain the system completely. 2. Cleaning is unnecessary. 3. Generally, soul changes are unnecessary at the time of conversion,, but installation of compatible seals is recommended during routine maintenance. NVF 003401 WATER PCB-SD0000074668 Seals and Packings Information PYDRAUL FLU 10 A-200 F-9 150 625 280 60 BUTYL M S R S S R R--Recommended Materials compatible with Pydraul hydraulic fluid are necessary for dynamic or moving seals. For static seals they are preferred, but not essential. The following table indicates materials recommended, de pending on the Pydraul fluid selected. EPR VITON MR SR RS SR sR RU S--Satisfactory SILICONE R R R R R S BUNA N u u u u u u NEOPRENE U U u u u u NATURAL RUBBER u u u u u u M--Marginal U--Unsatisfactory - This list of component manufacturers is a guide to obtaining seals compatible with Pydraul fluids. Please contact your equipment manufacturer or seal supplier for their most current recommendations. Acushnet Process Company 776 Belleville Avenue New Bedford, Massachusetts 02743 Anchor-Packing Company 401 North Broad Street Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19108 Bearings, Inc. 3634 Euclid Avanua Cleveland. Ohio 44119 A. W. Chesterton Company Everett Massachusetts 02149 Chicago Rawhide Manufacturing Company 1311 Elston Avenue Chicago, Illinois 60622 C. E. Conover & Company, Inc. 333 Passaic Avenue Fairfield, New Jersey 07006 Crane Packing Company 6400 Oakton Street Morton Grove, Illinois 60053 Garlock Packing Company Palmyra New York 14522 Goshen Rubber Company, Inc. P. O. Box 416 Goshen, Indiana 46526 Greene, Tweed & Company North Wales Pennsylvania 19454 Hercules Packing Corporation 11061 Walden Road Alden, New York 14004 International Packing Corporation Bristol New Hampshire 03104 Johns-Manville . 22 East 40th Straat New York, New York 10016 C. W. Marsh Company 36 Hudson Street Muskegon. Michigan 49441 Minnesota Rubber Company 3630 Wooddale Avenue Minneapolis, Minnesota 55416 Parker Seal Company 10567 Jefferson Boulevard Culver City, California 90230 Plastic & Rubber Engineering. Inc. 756 East Florence Avenue Los Angeles. California 90001 Plastic & Rubber Products Company 2100 Hyde Park Boulevard Los Angeles, California 90047 Precision Rubber Products Corporation Hartmann Drive Lebanon, Tennessee 37087 Raybeslos-Manhattan, Inc. Packing Oivision Passaic, New Jersey Reliable Rubber Products Eddylngton Pennsylvania 19020 Rockwall Mechanical Packing Company, Inc. 1634 Long Beach Avenue Los Angeles, Calitornia 90021 W, S. Shamban Company 11617 West Jefferson Boulevard Culver City, California 90230 Vellumoid Company Rockdale Street and Beaman Avenue Worchester, Massachusetts 01606 The James Walker Packing Company, Inc. P. 0. Box 75 Chicago Heights, Illinois 604U 8 NVF 003402 WATER PCB-SD0000074669 Filters and Hoses FILTERS/Most standard oil filters are satisfactory. You can use active earth or clay types. Filter manufacturers include: Briggs Filtration Division Qowscr Corporation Cookeville, Tennessee Capital Engineering Company 5839 Ashland Avenue Chicago, Illinois Commercial Filters Corporation (Honan-Crsne) Lebanon. Indiana Cuno Engineering Corporation Sub, ol American Machine & foundry 4627 S, Vine Street Meriden, Connecticut Dollinger Corporation 20 Centre Park Rochester 3. New York Fulflo Specialties Company, inc. 410 Fancy Avanue Slanchester, Ohio Hilliard Corporation 98 W. Fourth Street Elmira, New York Marvel Engineering Company 7227 North Hamlin Avenue Chicago 45, Illinois Pall Corporation 32 Sea Clift Avenue Glen Cove, L. I,, New York Purolator Products 1000 New Brunswick Avenue Rahway, New Jersey Rosaan Filter Corporation 1776 E. Nine Mile Road Hazel Park, Michigan Schroeder Bros. Corporation 101 Nichol Avenue McKees Rocks, Pennsylvania Sertilco Division Service Filtration Corporation 7408 North Milwaukee Niles. Illinois 60648 HOSES/Allhough both neoprene and buna elastomers swell some what in l'ydrnul, hose of these materials have given satisfactory service when made of a reinforced braid construction. Butyl, nylon or Viton arc preferred when new hoses are installed. Suppliers include: Anchor Coupling Company 3600 N. Fourth Street Libertyville, Illinois Eastman Mfg. Company (See tmperiil-Eastman Corp.) Department T. R. 6300 West Howard Street Chicago 48, Illinois Electric Hose & Rubber Co. 1201 Duro Street Wilmington, Delaware Gates Rubber Company 999 South Broadway Denver, Colorado 80237 Imperial Eastman Corp. 6300 W. Howard Street Chicago, Illinois Lewis Products Hohenweld, Tennessee 38462 Samuel Moore Co. Mantua. Ohio Resistoflex Corp. Roseland, New Jersey Stratoflex. Inc. 222 Roberts Cutoff Rd. Fort Worth, Texas Weatherhead Corp. 302 E. 131st Street Cleveland, Ohio 44108 NVF 003403 WATER PCB-SD0000074670 Other Components SWIVEL COUPLINGS Systems for Pydrnul fluids often eoiitain swivel couplings. Some suppliers lire: Chiksan Oivision FMC Corporation 332 N. Brea Boulevard Brea. California PIPE JOINT SEALERS . . . ran be bought from: American Sealant* Company (See tactile Corporation) 115 N. Mountain Road Harltord 11, Connecticut Crane Packing Company 6410 Oakton Street Morton Grov*. Illinois Dow Corning Corporation Midland, Michigan Friesland Plastics Company Friesland. Wisconsin General Electric Company Insulating Materials Department 1 Campbell Road Schenectady 6, New York Permale* Company Department T. R. Flagler Court Building West Palm Beach, Florida W. S. Shemban & Company 11617 W. Jefferson Boulevard Culver Crty, California Shell Chemical Company 110 W. 51st Street New York, New York PAINTS . . . resistant to Pydraul are supplied by: Amercoat Corporation Department T Brea. California Andrew Brown Paint Company 5413 S. District 8oulavard los Angeles. California Carboline Company 32 R Hanley Industrial Court St. Louis. Missouri Carrol Products 148 Marine Street Farmingdale, New York Finch Paint & Chemical Company Torrence, Californie W. P. Fuller & Company 1645 W. Valencia Drive Fullerton, California The Glidden Company 900 Union Commerce Building Cleveland, Ohio Interchemical Corporation Finishes Division 1255-T Broad Street Clifton, New Jersey Lowe Brothers Company Third < Madison Streets Dayton, Ohio Magna Coalings & Chemical Corooration 1785 N. Eastern Avenue Los Angeles. California Nycole laboratories 15002 Delano Street Van Nuys, California Pittsburgh Plate Glass Company One Gateway Center Pittsburgh 22. Pennsylvania Rinshed-Mason Company 5935 Millord Detroit, Michigan Royalty Paint & Varnish Company Pasadena, California Saran Protective Coatings Company 2415 Burdette at Reed Ferndale, Michigan Sherwin-Williams Company 101 Prospect Avenue, N. W. Cleveland, Ohio Titanine, Inc. Seagrave Corporation Elmwood & Morris Avenues Union, New Jersey U. S. Paint, Lacquer & Chemical Company 2101 Singleton St. Louis, Missouri ACCUMULATORS . . . many, hydraulic systems for Pydraul contain an accumulator which uses a bladder to separate the fluid from air or nitrogen pressure. For these, a rubber compatible with the fluid is nec essary. Suppliers include: Greer Hydraulics. Inc. 5930 W. Jefferson Boulavard Los Angelas. California NVF 003404 10 i I I WATER PCB-SD0000074671 Reclaiming * PYDRAUL Fluids machinery, more than half of the total Pydraul leakage has been reclaimed. This dollar-saving recovery appears especially Pydraul hydraulic fluid lost from leaks and spills can be reclaimed because it is exceptionally stable and resistant to water and other con taminates. If fluid losses are appreciable--fluid recovery can result in considerable savings. advantageous because it isn't practical to re claim either water glycol or water-oil emulsions except to filter out large dirt particles. Re claiming Pydraul fluid helps make it the most economical fire-resistant fluid available. Simply placing a container beneath leaks until Reclaiming Pydraul consists of two steps: re they can be repaired will stive some fluid. Where moving waLer, and filtering dirt or other solid drip pans have been used beneath hydraulic particles. WATER REMOVAL...Water does not mix with Pydraul and will, therefore, form a layer on top. A drum reserved for contaminated fluid with a side and end bung, placet! horizontally on a cradle about two feet off the floor, is a simple and effective settling chamber. Salvaged fluid can be added through a large funnel in the top opening and Pydraul periodically drained off through the lower opening. ( For a more elaborate system, permanently in stalled settling tanks, or a commercial installa tion can be usetl. A second method is centrifuging. Suitable units are nindfc_by Del-aval and Sharpies Co. Cen trifuges opera to swiftly . . . will separate water from large volumes of fluid in a short lime. FINAL FILTRATION ... A number of filtration units are available complete with filler pump and motor. Other systems use filter media such as cotton I inters, felt or metal screens. Attapulgus clay and Fuller's earth may be used to help keep the fluid clean, reduce moisture and lower neutralization number. Diatomaceous earth filtration is recommended for solid parti cles removal only. Paper and fiber type filters arc recommended for water and particle re moval but are ineffective for lowering neutra lization number (acidity) values. Filters in the 3 lo 5 micron range are recommended lor Pydraul nitration and rec lamation. Such (ilter media will not altect the basic Py draul formulation. 0 NVF 003405 WATER PCB-SD0000074672 Handling Animal toxicity studies ami human experience indicate that the l'ydraul hydraulic fluids may la- used safely if a few reasonable precautions are taken. J<o|>cated or prolonged skin contact should be avoided not only to prevent absorp tion of the material and possible systemic effect but, also, because the fluids are excellent sol vents for the oils normally present in the skin. Thus, drying and irritation could occur. When splashed or sprayed into the eyes, Fydraul causes painful smarting. I'llere is no evidence, however, of any ixirmuncnt eye injury. In the event of accidental contact with the eyes, the eyes should be flushed with copious amounts of water for 15 minutes and the workman re ferred to a physician; physicians have used 1% I'ootocaine solution and ophthalmic cortisone acetate solution to relieve irritation. When Pydraul is kept at room temperature, it docs not constitute a vapor inhalation hazard except in a confined, unventilated space. Res piratory protection or mechanical exhaust ven tilation should be provided if there is repeated and prolonged contact of the fluid with heated surfaces with resulting volatilization or possible decomposition of the fluid. Where a ruptured oil hydraulic line near a white-hot surface means a fire, a ruptured hydraulic line containing Pydraul causes a va|Hir with an unpleasant odor that can help you locate the trouble. For short periods, such as turning off equipment follow ing the rupture of a hydraulic line or other mechanical failure, no protection is necessary. 12 NVF 003406 12. WATER PCB-SD0000074673 DISTRICT SALES OFFICES ALL DIVISIONS Additional District Offlcos aro maintained by: ATLANTA. GEORGIA 30326 Lenox Tower* East 3400 Peachtree Rd. N, E.--Suite 1711 Tel. (404) 577-2260 BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS 02149 Everett Station Tel. (617) 387-5010 CHICAGO, ILLINOIS 3158 Oes Plaines Ave. Des Plaines. Illinois 60018 Tel. (312) 296-6688 CINCINNATI, OHIO 45206 1501 Madison Road Tel. (513) 751-6707 CLEVELAND, OHIO 44122 3645 Warrensville Center Rd. Tel. (216) 991-5400 DETROIT, MICHIGAN 48235 500 Northland Towers East Tel. (313) 357-0910 HONOLULU, HAWAII 96812 205 Pacific International Bldg. 677 Ala Moana 8lvd,, P. 0. Sox 3824 Tel. (808) 512-744 HOUSTON,TEXAS 77002 1300 Main Street Tel. (713) 223-4011 LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA 90022 6670 E. Flotilla St. Tel. (213) 723-2492 MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA 55402 912 Northstar Center 110 S. Seventh St. Tel. (612) 339-4651 NEW YORK, NEW YORK 10017 277 Park Avenue Tel. (212)922-4111 PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA 15222 No. 4 Gateway Canter Bldg. Room 534 Tel. (412)261-2156 ST. LOUTS, MISSOURI 63166 800 N. Lindbergh Blvd. Tel. (314) 694-1000 SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA 2710 Lafayette, Santa Clara, Calif. 95052 Tel. (408) 243-0414 SEATTLE, WASHINGTON 98104 911 Western Avanua Tel. (206) 622-4203 SPRINGFIELD, MASSACHUSETTS 01101 730 Worcester Ave. Tel. (413) 788-6911 WILMINGTON, OELAWARE 19803 2005 Concord Pike, Fairlax Tel. (302) 658-6531 Monsanto Agricultural Olvlalan LULING. LOUISIANA 70070 P. 0. Box 174 Tel. (504) 784-6263 MEMPHIS. TENNESSEE 38113 1023 Riverside Drive P. O. Box 132X3 Tel. (901)9*7-3151 Textile* Division AKRON, OHIO, *4313 3030 Wast Market St. Tel. (216) 836-7941 ATLANTA. GEORGIA 30303 Atlanta Marcnandlsa Mart 240 Peachtree St., N. W. Tel. (404)577-2260 CHARLOTTE. NORTH CAROLINA 28202 Wachovia Bank Building 129 Wast Trad* St. Tsl. (704)376-9871 ENGLEWOOD CUFFS. N. J. 07631 661 Palisades Ava. Tal. (201)568-2151 NEW YORK, NEW YORK 350 Filth Ave. Tal. (201) 556-5100 Hydrocarbons a Pstymera Ofvlsten-Uan Oil EL DORADO, ARKANSAS 71730 Lion Oil Building Tal. (501)863-3111 JACKSON. MISSISSIPPI 39209 P. 0. Sox 10937 Westland Station Tal. (601)352-3648 LITTLE ROCK, ARKANSAS 72203 1515 Wast Seventh St Tal. (501)376-2437 MEMPHIS, TENNESSEE 38113 1023 Rivarsids Orive P. 0. Box 13248 Tal. (900 947-3131 . Organic Chemicals Divtalan (Rubber Industry) AKRON, OHIO 44311 920 Brown Street P. O. Box 2307 Tal. (216)434-1921 "Nriftffit eontowte# he*an it to be ctatlttetf it f fecemmeedHton t mm eny perfect i ctftOxt *f(A iy Mtasrt MONSANTO MAMS NO WARRANTiCS AS TO fHI MINUS OR MlRCHANUilUlY Of ANT PROOUCM RtHRRiO TO, e (aaiMee el ulitteetety utaHt lieaa iffciece apee cte<*Ml infeff"*4*e teceavM*Ot*At, w*rf duciaima ill fcafcMy It* my fetaHief Mss m dAme**." Monsanto Company / Functional Fluids /800 North Lindbargh Blvd. / St. Louis. Missouri 63166 NVF 003407 WATER PCB-SD0000074674 Monsanto KVF 003408 Monsanto Company / Functional Fluids /800 North Lindbergh Blvd. /St. Louis, Missouri 63166 086S--IGI IRA UlHO IN U S A WATER PCB-SD0000074675 SELECTOf PYDRAUL Fire-Resistant Hydraulic Fluid A guide to selecting tre :: rectPydraul fluid fornydrau systems. O.FF Monsanti WATER PCB-SD0000074676 WATER PCB-SD0000074677 PYDRAUI fluids Development Fire protection for industrial hydraulic opera tions began with Pydraul in 1951. Pydraul fluids have since provided industry with millions of machine hours of safe operation. Pydraul fluid has never caused a fire--not even when sprayed from broken high pressure hydraulic lines onto white-hot surfaces. New ways are continuously being explored to improve the excellent performance records of Pydraul fluids. From the first Pydraul fluid, (Pydraul F-9) the family has grown to a dozen- plus specially tailored, fire-resistant safety fluids. Each answers a major but specific hy draulic fluid need for industrial use. In addi tion to guarding against fire, each Pydraul fluid lubricates as well as premium grade oil. Pydraul fluids have answerer! the need of vir tually every industrial hydraulic operation, in doors and out--from the sub-zero, outdoor hy-. draulic lift operations for refineries and blast furnaces to the low-viscosity fluid demands of' high-speed, precision machine tools. ' Performance Pydraul fluids offer a wide range of viscosities from which you can select the proper range speci fied by your hydraulic equipment manufacturer. Whichever Pydraul fluid you select, each pro vides the same protection against fire, premium lubricity, ease of maintenance, and freedom from corrosive action and foam. Pydraul hydraulic fluids also offer several additional benefits-- REDUCED FIRE INSURANCE RATES Pydraul eliminates fire hazards from hydraulic operations, reduces fire threats to surrounding structure and equipment Insurance premiums for plants using Pydraul are often lower than premiums for operations using petroleum oil. LONGER PUMP LIFE Machines which operate on water-based fluids frequently require pump repair or replacement as often as every two or three months. Machines which use Pydraul hydraulic fluids can operate on the same pump for several years. Pydraul hydraulic fluids give the same long pump life as the finest grade petroleum oil. NO CORROSION PROBLEMS Any metal hydraulic system component in con tact with Pydraul will not rust. Pydraul hydrau lic fluids do not lose anti-rust properties even after extended use. MAXIMUM EQUIPMENT RESPONSE Pydraul never produces excessive froth or foam during normal operations to interfere with hy draulic equipment response. Because Pydraul hydraulic fluids lubricate as well as premium petroleum oils, Pydraul permits equipment to operate at optimum response capability. INSPECTION AND REPLACEMENT DOWN-TIME ARE VIRTUALLY ELIMINATED Pydraul hydraulic fluids are designed to he permanent. Pydraul fluids do not wear out. Ex cept for normal "make-up" requirements, you never have to add new Pydraul to hydraulic systems. Pydraul eliminates "drain and change" periods; it does not have to be inspected in your system from month to month--or replaced from year to year. NVF 003443 1 WATER PCB-SD0000074678 PVDRAUL Selector One PYDRAUL F-9 physical properties Appeafinca * Spec. Gravity 2572S'C. Neulraliralion No. (acidity) (mg KOH/jm) m. Moistura (mu.) VISCOSITY Cantislokast!? IWF. 210*F. SaybolU as(ii' IOO*F. measured: 21Q*f. "Absolut* Seybotts" (fi- IOO*F. (SSU i Oinsity) 2t0*f. Pour Poml Comorwsibility * 10** *0. io./lb. Bulk Temperstur* Mu. (lof continuous operation) Soiling Point *F it 760 mm H|. CotllKHnl of Thermal Expansion p*y *F. Specific Hut BTU/lb./'F. <&. 77*F. Thermal Conductivity 8TU/hr./ft./*F. Vipbf Pressure mm H||p IVH. Bulk Modulus /Room Ttmp.\ ^ 1000 601X) . Cloudy Blue Liquid 1.280-1.295 0.10-0.35 0.20T, 43 lo 53 CS 5.0 lo S.S cs 225 SSU *3.3 SSU 327 SSU 52 SSU --5*F. 2.58 225'F. 664*F. 0.00041 0.32 0.067 0.013 387,000 Solubility in Witer Fine ASSISTANCE TEST High Pressure Sony Tut (AMS-3150C and Federal Test Msthod Std. 731) Test fluid sprayed it 1000 psa through orifice, passing through flam* of oiyacatylana torch, 5000*F. low Pratiur* Spray T*st (AMS-3150C). Test fluid sprayad at low pressure ovar ignitad. oil-soakad rag to datarmuia da|ra* of mcraas* in llama mtansity. Hot Manifold Tost (Fadanl Taat Method Std. 7S1). Test tlutd dripped on at I300*F, Molten Metal Ignition Taat. Tast fluid exposed to the surface of aluminum alloy at I200*F,, lo tast foe spontaneous igmtion. Negligible Does not flash or ignite up lo 3V5 faet from orifice. No increase in llama intensity. Does not flash or burn. Does not ignite: flashes by spark. PYDRAUL A-2CI Cloudy 8luo Liquid 1 *15-14)0 0.80-1.10 0 05*5' ' 30 0 lo 33 0 cs 2.8 lo 3 0 cs It* SSU 35.7 SSU 20* SSU *8 SSU + IS'F 2.28 ~ 250'F .. 620`F 0.00040 0.28 0.068 0.2 *38.000 Negligible Dots not Hash or igmie jo feel from onlice. Slight increase in flame mien; Does not Hash or burn. Dots nol ignite. Fire-resistance Adventaeea ef Fydreul pydraul fluid* protect hydraulic equipment and person nel with (mmsnant tire protection. Pydrsul fluids contain no water to evaporate and leave a flammable residue. During their millions of houri of machine use. Pydraul fluids have been accidentally sprayed over molten metal. lhrou*h electrical arcs, into Memos end sparks--without causing (Ira. Pydraul fluids hava never caused or con tributed to hydraulic lira in any type of equipment. They pass all of the important ignition tests for fireresistance. i Monsanto introduced Pydraul F-9 as industry's first straight synthetic, fire-resistant hydrau lic fluid. Pydraul F-9 rapidly be came the standard against which all other synthetic hydraulic fluids ware judged. Today, it is still considered the basis lor comparison. Pydraul F-9 is used in every maior type of diecasting machine and a wide variety ol other equipment found in the metal-working, gilts, end pro cess industries. No other fireresistant hydraulic fluid has more on-the-lme proven per formance lo otter Pydraul F-9 is listed by Underwriters lab oratories for use in hazardous hydraulic applications. It is also aoproved by Factory Mutual and U.S. Bureau of mines. Pydraul A-200 noneolth* widely used, gnrJ-0u' fire-r eststant hydraulic Mu industry. Introduced <n 19 was the first hre-res^ straight synthetic hvdr fluid to break the Dfc formanca barrier " Pydraul A-200 performs premium-grade oeiroieur^ a wide variety of mdustm plications, from dio-caii aluminum eatruston \\ ore plants and personnel withe ically "inherent" fire-' ance. yet costs less than straight synthetic Pydraul. A-200 is approve Factory Mutual. NVF 0034A4 WATER PCB-SD0000074679 PYDRAUL 280 Cloudy 8lua Liquid I.38S-I.405 0.2--0.5 0.157, 56 to 62 cs 3.9 10 4.1 a 274 SSU 39.1 SSU 382 SSU 54.S SSU + 207. 2.47 2257 6717. 0.00040 0.28 0.066 0.15 406,000 Negiigiblt PYDRAUL 625 Cloudy Blus Liquid 1.360- 1.400 0.30 0.159? 125 to 145 es 5.7 to 6.2 es 525.7 SSU 45.9 SSU 845 SSU 59 SSU + 307. 2.66 2257. 7247. 0.00040 0.28 0.065 0.009 375,000 Negtigibt* PYDRAUL 150 Cloudy Slut Liquid 1.120-1.131 0.17 0.109? 29 to 34 ct 6.9 lo 8.1 cs 145.9 SSU 52.9 SSU 163 SSU 56 SSU -557. 3.13 1507: 6177. 0.00042 0.40 0.072 0.01 319,000 Negligible PYDRAUL 60 Cloudy 3lua liquid 1 088-1 091 0.25 0.10% 9.6 to 10.4 cs 2.3 lo 2.5 cs 60 SSU 35 SSU 60.5 SSU 35 SSU -707. 3.05 1757 707 7. 0.00044 0.42 0.047 0.002 328.000 Negligible ; Docs noi lltth of ignite up lo VA (Ml lion onlic*. Very j|i|hl merits* in Horn* in timity. Dow not (list! of burn. Don not i|nit. Dow not tlisb or ifiuta up to 3V5 list from optics. Very slight mcrista m llama in timity. Oosi not Hash or bum. Ooas not igruta. Setl-eitingvidiing. Slight incfwse in flsma Intimity. Intarmttant Hashing and burning Little burning in pan below. Dow not tgnila. Salf-eitingmshing. Slight increase in llama intensity. Intermittent Hashing ind burning. Does not burn alter leaving tube. Does not ignite. Pydraul 280 ii a sheer itabia, hignar vltconty medium rang* nitty fluid. Davalopad lpaci fically for hydraulic clutchas in Garman coal mmas, Pypraut 280 na provad successful in a vanity of nydraullc applications Including diacaiting machines and automatic waldan. 8landad to provids a fluid with a viicoiity ranga betwaen Pydraul A-200 and Pydraul S29, Pydraul 280 Is now performance-proved with qualitiai equal to thosa of tha long acciptad Pydraul fluids. Pydraul 280 is approvad by Factory Mutual. High viscosity Pydraul 625 is tailored for uitra-haavy-duty hy draulic operations, such as for larga industrial prasias and pumps. Pydraul 625 is also usad asa flre-and-esptosion-railstant air compressor lubricant. Pydrsui 625 can ba usad in any aquipmant requiring an 800 to 1000 SSU Oil. Pydraul 625 has sit tha good performanca characteristics which have won Pydraul tluids tha reputation ol quality and dependability throughout in dustry. In years of industrial liald uta, Pydraul 625 has provad to Pa a top-grade lubri cant. Pydraul 626 is approvad by Factory mutual. Pydraul ISOIsusedinhydraulic systems to control fual-to-air ratios for blast furnaces, soak ing pits, and other similar re lated aquipmant. Although de veloped especially for severe cold-weatner, outdoor opera tions, Pydraul 150 is also usad for certain missile-launch pro jects and in gears of LOX pumps located in osygan-rich atmos pheres at misstle-fualihg sitae. Pydraul 150 also performs as an eacallsnt low-viscosity fluid for high-speed machine tools. low viscosity Pydraul 60 Mows freely at -- 20*F. It retains its properties and thermal stabil ity at temperatures up to 200* f. In hydraulic operations that require precision flow inmntiy. Pydraul 60 supplies smooth operation from machine start to stop; it offers flowon*demend operation without hydraulic lag. Pydraul 60 offari excellent, fire-resistant, hydraulic opera tion with vane, gear and piston pumps in high*fpeed machine tools. NVF 0034** 5 3 WATER PCB-SD0000074680 -3a -20 70 10 90 tOO UO 120 130 W ISO 100 WO VISCOSITY, SAYBOLT UNIVERSAL SECONDS VISCOSITY, SAYBOLT UNIVERSAL SECONDS WATER PCB-SD0000074681 KINEMATIC VISCOSITY, CENTISTOKES -l0 -SO -M -70 -M -50 -40 -30 --28 -10 0 10 20 30 40 SO W 70 M 90 100 110 120 20 000 0081---------- 1--------- t----------1 10090 000 |------------------------------------ 5 000 000 ----------------------------------2000000 ----------------------------------1000 QOS---------------------------------- sooooo----------------------------------- 200 008 ----------------------------------ittooa----------------------------------50008 ----------------------------------- 20 006 ----------------------------------loose----------------------------------- s ooo----------------------300----------------------- 2 600 ----------------------------------- less----------------------------- mSOI----------------------------------- ----------------------- 201 ISO 101 74 so 41 J9 20 IS Pydraul Measured Viscosities In Centistokes Pump manufacturers recommended operating range between 13 cs. and 1000 cs. mmam--mmmm pydraul 625 mmmmmmmmmm pydraul 2M PYDRAUL A-200 PYDRAUL F-9 KINEMATIC VISCOSITY, CENTISTOKES II1 SI so! 70 10 so 40 30 20l-------1-------------- i~ -100 -90 -M -70 w - -40 -10 -20 -10 o 10 20 30 40 30 SO 10 SO SO 100 110 120 130 140 130 ISO DO IU HO 200 210 220 230 240 230 240 2I02M 2J0 MO JIOJ2O3J0 14* TEMPERATURE. DEGREES FAHRENHEIT NVF 00344 2 WATER PCB-SD0000074682 d Pydraul Lubrication Properties petroleum oil. Because of this premium lub ricity, Pvdraul fluids give the same long pump life as premium petroleum oil. Equipment re sponds at it3 optimum capability. And Pvdraul Pydraul fluids lubricate as well as premium fluids are designed to be permanent-- they never evaporate or wear out. Timken Lood (Pissinj) Almen Wear Almen Lo>d PYDRAUL F-! PYDRAUL 60 PYORAUL 150 PYORAUL A-200 PYORAUL 280 PYORAUL 625 50 lbs. 17.500 psr 2.0 m( 4.000 psr 43 lbs. 25.000 psr 14 lbs. 7,400 psr 48 lbs. 25.000 psr 40 lbs. 18.200 psr 3.9 mtei 4.000 psr 46 lbs. 23,000 psr SO lbs. 16,300 osr 1.3 mg<i( 4,000 psr 44 IbS. 24.000 psr S3 lbs. 19.300 ps. )./ mg(i/ 4.000 psr 47 lbs. 23.500 psr 55 lbs. 21.2UO psi 2.2 m$<" 4.000 psi 50 IbS. 23.000 psi files Load-Jaw Loid-lbs. -- forque--lb. inches files Wear (Under continuous load (ii 100 lbs., lou in inches) 1st 10 minutes 2nd 10 mmutei 4100 93 2300 73 2000 64 4200 90 4100 87 4100 89 0.000421 0.000190 0.000475 0.000380 0.000428 0 000332 0.000380 0.000380 0.000490 0.000356 0.000616 0.000332 Shell Feur-8sll Wear (167*F. 1 hr., 630 rpm, mm scar) Steel on Steel 10 k(. 0.21 0.27 0.36 0.29 40 k|. 0.67 0.4S 0.51 0.43 Sltel on Bronre 10 k|. US 0.82 0.80 1.40 40 k|. 1.21 2.35 1.68 1.70 . _ ----- --- . ---------------------- --------- -------------- -- ---------- -- ------- -- ------- _ Pump Teat-Vlekers (V-10S-I, 140*F. 1000 hrs.) Bint, trams (loss or |im) Vanes, trams (loss or |am) Bushmt 2016 trams (lou or tain) Bushmt 2016 trams (lou or tain) -0.0084 -0.0011 *0.0120 -0.0063 -0.0037 -0.1859 +0.0008 -0.0020 -0.1212 -0.0378 -0.1601 -0.1134 -0.0848 -0.0191 -0.0151 -0.0217 0.25 0.52 1.25 1.44 -- 0.26 0.62 1.10 1,19 -0 0013 -0.0015 -OflfMS -0.0050 Mixing Compatibilty PYDRAUL WITH OTHER HYORAULIC FLUIDS ; ]L`l > Jjl 521 ~ t5eo : FYRQUCL# 90 150 220 300 NO YES NO YES "yes ' YES^ NO YES NO YES YES YES_ NO YLS NO YES YES "YH NO YES NO YES YES Yt_r NO YES NO YES YES YES~ HOUOHTO-SAfE .1010 NO YES NO YES 1055 NO YES NO YES 1120 NO YES NO YES 1130 NO YES NO YES fyi'Mtifl > rtfiittfN tridtmark *1 HW|hM-Sl I* itnt**e4 llUWMTk < t. f. YES YES~ YES yes'' YES "yes YES YES C*. PYDRAUL WITH OTHER PYDRAUL FLUIDS ________________ ~F9~ 60 150 A-200 312* 280 625 NO YES yes" YES YES YES 60 NO -- NO YES YES YES YES 150 " ' YES NO - YES YES YES YfS A-200 ' ~ " 'yes YCS YES - YES YES YES ` 3I2~ " 'yes' YES YES YES - YES YES 280 YES YES YES YES YES - Y(S 626 YES YES YES YES YES YES - WATER-GLYCOL' and WATER-011 EMULSION fluids-hrdnui hydraulic fluids an nol compatible with these fluids. *eydinl II? il m ll I Uul ll ntw tow-toil lynlMtK Dim Mr Mil "II iiiimii llaidi cmmcmuH Si luth otifommc* mr tow toil On ouif "u.m " lint iwmi* ho mo uni comooitoiOtv it ryd' ml II? 'i* trii Otditinw 'to"0 mo willi olhot fydiiol ItoKll fht now fidnulllmflk rnttoOl I'tOUuiK) Muwi US. ryMl no. PyOtool II?. Mini S40. NVF 003448 0 WATER PCB-SD0000074683 Converting to PYDRAUL is Easy Regardless of the type hydraulic fluid being used, converting a system t6 low-coat Pydraul fluids is easy. Virtually every type of equipment which uses flro-resistant hydraulic fluid has been converted to Pydraul fluids. Most equip ment manufacturers are experienced in Pydraul fluid conversions and should be consulted. If changing seals is necessary, equipment manu facturers can recommend what seals to change, and many carry a supply of correct seals. Laboratory tests and operational experience show Vilon*, Teflon*, anti silicone the preferred elastomers for compatible seals. For moderate temperatures (below 140F) butyl seals, hose, etc. are usually acceptable. Nylon and Teflon are satisfactory for higher temperatures. To replace other fluids which are compatible with Pydraul anti where compatible seals are in the system, it is only necessary to add Pydraul us mal(e-up fluid. It is not necessary to drain or clean. When converting from petroleum oils, non-compatible synthetic fluids, water-glycol fluids, or water-in-oil emulsions, the following steps are recommended. These conform to USA Standard B93.5--1966. For best seal perform ance, make your future seal selection according Lo recommendations on page 8 in this booklet. Please ask the Monsanto fluids specialist for recommendations and assistance, or telephone our technical specialists in St. I-ouis directly (.314) 694-2500. Change-Over Procedures CHANGING FROM PETROLEUM OIL 1. Completely drain and clean the system. Small amounts of oil will not interfere with the per formance of Pydraul, but resistance to fire is reduced by the amount of oil left in the system. 2. Drain and blow out pipelines. Manually clean valves and reservoirs. trdmrk of C. I. Ou Pont d Namourt & Co., Inc. 3. Open or remove and drain valves. Replace gaskets, packings, and seals with those com patible with Pydraul. It is particularly im portant to change dynamic seals. Static seals do not necessarily have to be changed if they are not leaking. Non-compatible static seals will have to be replaced when the part is disassembled for maintenance. 4. Remove pumps, accumulators, and cylinders, if necessary, for draining. Replace packings, seals, gaskets, and bladders with those com patible with Pydraul. 5. Check component functions before the sys tem is closed and fluid is added. 6. If your system cannot be completely drained, you may have to flush it with a small amount of Pydraul. CHANGING FROM WATER-GLYCOL OR WATER-IN-OIL EMULSION . 1. Drain and clean system thoroughly. Remove all traces of water. Empty all lines and low points or dead pockets in components. 2. Clean with steam or warm water. Follow bv blowing with dry air. 3. Check sealing materials, hoses, and accumu lator bags. Replace if necessary with com patible materials. 4. Install a minimum charge of Pydraul and operate the system from 16 to 24 hours. During this period, inspect the reservoir. If water or other contaminants float to the top, skim them off. 5. Drain the flushing charge immediately after shut-down while the fluid is warm. Drain all isolated points or parts which do not drain back to the reservoir. If water is apparent in fluid clinging to walls, wipe down all acces sible parts. CHANGING FROM PHOSPHATE ESTERS (OTHER THAN PYORAUL) 1. Drain the system completely. 2. Cleaning is unnecessary. 3. Generally, seal changes are unnecessary at the time of conversion, but installation of compatible seals is recommended (hiring routine maintenance. NVF 003449 7 WATER PCB-SD0000074684 Seals and Packings Information PYDRAUL FLUID A-200 F-9 150 625 280 60 BUTYL M S R S S R R--Recommended Materials compatible with Pydraul hydraulic fluid are necessary for dynamic or moving seals. For static seals they are preferred, but not essential. The following table indicates materials recommended, de pending on the Pydraul fluid selected. EPR VITON MR SR RS SR SR RU S--Satisfactory SILICONE R R R R R S BUNA N U U u u u u NEOPRENE u u u u u u natural RUBBER u 'u u u u u M--Marginal U--Unsatisfactory This list of component manufacturers is a guide to obtaining seals compatible with Pydraul fluids. Please contact your equipment manufacturer or seal supplier for their most current recommendations. Aeushnet Process Company 776 Sellavilla Avenue New Bedford, Massachusetts 02745 Anchor Picking Company 401 North Broad Street Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19103 Bearings, Inc. 3634 Euclid Avenue Cleveland, Ohio 44U5 A. W. Chestarton Company Everett ' ' Massachusetts 02149 Chicago Rawhide Manufacturing Company 1311 Liston Avenua Chicago, Illinois 60622 C. E. Conover & Company, Inc. 333 Passaic Avenue Fairfield, New Jersey 07006 Crane Packing Company 6400 Dakton Street Morton Grove. Illinois 60053 Garlock Packing Company Palmyra New York 14522 Goshen Rubber Company, Inc. P. 0. Bo* 416 Goshen, Indiana 46526 Greana, Tweed & Company North Wales Pennsylvania 19454 Hercules Packing Corporation 11061 Walden Road Alden, Maw York 14004 International Packing Corporation Bristol New Hampshire 03104 Johns-Manvlile 22 East 40th Street New York, New York 10016 C. W. Marsh Company 36 Hudson Street Muskegon. Michigan 49441 Minnesota Rubber Company 3630 Wooddale Avenua Minneapolis, Minnesota 55416 Parker Seal Company 10567 Jefferson Boulevard Culver City, California 90230 Plastic 4 Rubber Engineering, Inc. 756 East Florence Avenue Los Angeles. California 90001 Plastic 4 Rubber Products Company 2100 Hyde Park Boulevard Los Angeles, California 90047 Precision Rubber Products Corporation Hartmann Drive . Lebanon, Tennessee 37087 Raybestos-Manhattan. Inc. Packing Division Passaic, New Jersey Reliable Rubber Products Eddyington Pennsylvania 19020 Rockwell Mechanical Packing Company, inc. 1634 Long Beach Avenue Los Angeles, California 90021 W. S. Shamban Company 11617 West Jefferson 8oulevard Culver City, California 90230 Vellumoid Company Rockdale Street and Seaman Avenua Worchester, Massachusetts 01606 The James Walker Packing Company, Inc. P. 0. Box 75 Chicago Heights. Illinois 6041T NVF 003450 WATER PCB-SD0000074685 Filters and Hoses FILTERS/Most standard oil filters are satisfactory. You can use active earth or clay types. Filter manufacturers include: Briggs Filtration Division Sowsar Corporation Cookeville. Tennessee Oollinger Corporation 20 Centre Park Rochester 3, New York Capital Engineering Company 5839 Aahland Avenue Chicago. Illinois Commercial Filters Corporation (Honan-Crane) ' Lebanon, Indiana Cuno Engineering Corporation Sub. ol American Machine & Foundry 4627 S. Vine Street Meriden, Connecticut Fulflo Specialties Company, Inc. 410 Fancy Avenue Slanchester, Ohio Hilliard Corporation 98 W. Fourth Street Elmira, New York Marvel Engineering Company 7227 North Hamlin Avenue Chicago 45, Illinois Psll Corporation 32 Sea Cliff Avenue Glen Cove. L. I.. New York Purolator Products 1000 New Brunswick Avenue Rahway, New Jersey Rosaen Filter Corporation 1776 E. Nine Mile Road Hazel Park, Michigan Schroeder Bros. Corporation 101 Nichol Avenue McKees Rocks, Pennsylvania Serfilco Oivision Service Filtration Corporation 7408 North Milwaukee Niles. Illinois 60648 HOSES/Although both neoprene and buna elastomers swell somewhat in Pydraul, hose of these materials have given satisfactory service when made of a reinforced braid construction. Butyl, nylon or Viton are preferred when new hoses are installed. Suppliers include: Anaconda Metal Hose Division Anaconda American Brass Co. Wslerbury, Connecticut 06720 Anchor Coupling Company 3600 N. Fourth Strset libertyville, Illinois Eastman Mfg. Company (Sea Imperlal-Eastman Corp.) Department T. R. 6300 Wast Howerd Street Chicago 48, Illinois Electric Hose k Rubber Co. 1201 Duro Street Wilmington. Oelawart Gates Rubber Company 999 South Broadway Oenvar, Colorado 80217 Imperial Eastman Corp. 6300 W. Howard Street' Chicago. Illinois Lewi* Products Hohenwaid, Tennessee 38462 Mantua,'o^o* Resistoflex Corp. Roseland. New Jersey Stratoflex. Inc. 222 Roberts Cutolf Rd. Fort Worth, Texas Weatherhead Corp. 302 E. 131st Street Cleveland, Ohio 44108 NVF 003451 WATER PCB-SD0000074686 Other Components SWIVEL COUPLINGS Systems for Pydraul fluids often contain swivel couplings. Some suppliers are: Chiksan Division FMC Corporation 332 N. Brea Boulevard Braa. California PIPE JOINT SEALERS . . . can be bought from: Amarican Sealants Company (Sae Loctite Corporation) 115 N. Mountain Road Hartford 11, Connecticut Crane Packing Company 6410 Oakton Street Morton Grove, Illinois Oow Corning Corporation Midland, Michigan Friesland Plastics Company Friesland, Wisconsin General Electric Company Insulating Materials Department 1 Campbell Road Schenectady 6, New York Permatex Company Department T. R. Flagler Court Building West Palm Beach, Florida W. S. Shamben & Company 11617 W-. Jefferson Boulevard Culver City, California Shell Chemical Company 110 W. 51st Street New York, New York PAINTS . . . resistant to Pydraui are supplied by: Amercoat Corporation Department T Brea, California Andrew Brown Paint Company 5413 S. District Boulevard Los Angelas. California Carbollne Company 32-fl Hanley Industrial Court St. Louis, Missouri Carrol Products 148 Marine Street Farmingdeie, New York Finch Paint 4 Chemical Company Torrence. California . W. P. Fuller 4 Company 1645 W. Valencia Drive Fullerton, California ' The Glidden Company 900 Union Commerce Building Cleveland, Ohio Interehemieal Corporation Finishes Oivision 1255-T Broad Straet Clifton, Naw Jarsey Lowe Brothers Company Third 4 Madison Streets Dayton, Ohio Magna Coatings 4 Chemical Corporation 1785 N. Eastern Avenue Los Angeles, California Nycote Laboratories 15002 Oelano Street Van Nuys, California Pittsburgh Plata Glass Comoany One Gateway Center Pittsburgh 22. Pennsylvania Rinshed-Mason Company 5935 Milford Oetroit, Michigan Royalty Paint 4 Varnish Company Pasadena. California Saran Protective Coatings Company 2415 Burdette at Reed Ferndale. Michigan Sherwin-Williams Company 101 Prospect Avenue, N. W. Cleveland, Ohio Titanine. Inc. Seagrave Corporation Elmwood 4 Morris Avenues Union, New Jersey U. S. Paint, Lacquer 4 Chemical Company 2101 Singleton St. Louis, Missouri ` ACCUMULATORS . . . many hydraulic systems for Pydraul contain an accumulator which uses a bladder to separate the fluid from air or nitrogen pressure. For these, a rubber compatible with the fluid is nec essary. Suppliers include: Greer Hydraulics, Inc. 5930 W. Jefferson Boulevard Los Angeles, California NVF 003452 10 WATER PCB-SD0000074687 Reclaiming PYDRAUL Fluids Pydraul hydraulic fluid lost from leaks and spills can be reclaimed because it is exceptionally stable and resistant to water and other con taminates. If fluid losses are appreciable--fluid recovery can result in considerable savings. Simply placing a container beneath leaks until they can be repaired will save some fluid. Where drip pans have been used beneath hydraulic WATER REMOVAL... Water does not mix with Pydraul and will, therefore, form a layer on top. A drum reserved for contaminated fluid with a side and end bung, placed horizontally on a cradle about two feet off the floor, is a simple machinery, more than half of the total Pydraul leakage has been reclaimed. This dollar-savmg recovery appears especially advantageous because it isn't practical to re claim either water glycol or water-oil emulsions except to filter out large dirt particles. Re claiming Pydraul fluid helps make it the most economical lire-resistant fluid available. Reclaiming Pydraul consists of two steps: re moving water, and filtering dirt or other solid particles. and effective settling chamber. Salvaged fluid can be added through a large funnel in the top opening and Pydraul periodically drained off through the lower opening. For a more elaborate system, permanently in stalled settling tanks, or a commercial installa tion can be used. A second method is centrifuging. Suitable units are made by DeLaval and Sharpies Co. Cen trifuges operate swiftly . . . will separate water from large volumes of fluid in a short time. FINAL FILTRATION ... A number of filtration units are available complete with filter pump and motor. Other systems use filter media such as cotton lintera, felt or metal screens. At- tapulgus clay and Fuller's earth may be used In help keep the fluid clean, reduce moisture and lower neutralization number. Diatomacenus earth filtration is recommended for solid parti cles removal only. Paper and fiber type fillers are recommended for water and particle re moval but are ineffective for lowering neutra lization number (acidity) values. ' Filters in the 3 to 5 micron range are recommended lor Pydraul filtration and rec lamation. Such hlter media will not allect the basic Py draul formulation. NVF 003453 WATER PCB-SD0000074688 Handling Animal toxicity studies and human experience indicate that the Pydraul hydraulic fluids may be used safely if a few reasonable precautions are taken. Repeated or prolonged skin contact should be avoided not only to prevent absorp tion of the material and possible systemic effect but, also, because the fluids are excellent sol vents for the oils normally present in the skin. Thus, drying and irritation could occur. When splashed or sprayed into the eyes, Pydraul causes painful smarting. There is no evidence, however, of any permanent eye injury. In the event of accidental contact with the eyes, the eyes should be flushed with copious amounts of water for 15 minutes and the workman re ferred to a physician; physicians have used 1% Pontocaine solution ami ophthalmic cortisone acetate solution to relieve irritation. When Pydraul is kept at room temperature, it does not constitute a vapor inhalation hazard except in a confined, unventilated space. Res piratory protection or mechanical exhaust ven tilation should be provided if there is repeated and prolonged contact of the fluid with heated surfaces with resulting volatilization or possible decomposition of the fluid. Where a ruptured oil hydraulic line near a white-hot surface means a fire, a ruptured hydraulic line containing Pydraul causes a vapor with an unpleasant odor that cun help you locate the trouble. For short periods, such as turning off equipment follow ing the rupture of a hydraulic line or other mechanical failure, no protection is necessary. 12 k NVF 003454 WATER PCB-SD0000074689 DISTRICT SALES OFFICES ALL DIVISIONS AKRON, OHIO 44313 260 Sprlngiide Orlve Montrose Dsvelooment ParH Tal. (216) 666-4U1 ATLANTA, GEORGIA 30326 Lenox Towers Cast 3400 Peecntree Rd. N. E.-Suita 1711 Tal. (404) 577-2260 BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS 02149 Evaratt Station Tel. (617) 387-5010 CHICAGO, ILLINOIS 3158 Oes Plaines Ave. Oas Plaines, Illinois 60018 Tal. (312)296-6688 CINCINNATI, OHIO 45206 1501 Madison Road Tal. (513) 751-6707 DETROIT. MICHIGAN 48235 500 Northland Towers East Tel. (313) 357 0910 HONOLULU. HAWAII 96812 205 Pacific International Bldg. 677 Ala Moana Blvd., P.O. Sox 3824 Tal. (808) 531-2744 HOUSTON, TEXAS 77002 1300 Main Street Tel. (713) 223-4011 ' LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA 90022 6670 E. Flotilla St. ' Tel. (213) 723-2492 NEW YORK. NEW YORK 10017 277 Park Avenua Tel. (212)922-4111 ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI 63166 800 N. Lindbergh Blvd. Tal. (314)694-1000 SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA 2710 Lafayette. Santa Clara. Calif. 95052 Tal. (408) 243-0414 SEATTLE, WASHINGTON 98104 911 Western Avenus Tel. (206) 622-4203 SPRINGFIELD, MASSACHUSETTS 01101 730 Worcester Ave. Tal. (413) 788-69U WILMINGTON, DELAWARE 19803 2005 Concord Pike, Fairfax Tel. (302) 658-6531 Monsanto Agricultural Olvltlen ALLENTOWN. PENNSYLVANIA 18104 Pirk Professional Building 2200 Hamilton Slreat Tal. (215) 437-5471 OES MOINES. IOWA 50310 312 Maria Hay Tower Tel. (515) 276-8503 FREMONT. NEBRASKA 88023 150 Soutn Mein Street Tel. (402) 727 1230 INOIANAPOLIS. INOiANA 46203 Suite 218. 4000 Meadows Drive 9uiidlng Tel, (317) 347-9t48 LULING, LOUISIANA 70070 P. O. Box 174 Tel. (304) 784-6263 MANKATO. MINNESOTA 56001 111 Madison East Tel. (307)387.3406 MEMPHI3, TENNESSEE 38104 303 Union Plaza Bldg, Tel. (901) 278-7811 MUSCATINE. IOWA 32761 P. 0. Sox A73 Tel. (319)263-1331 Hydrocarbons A Polymare Division-Lion Oil EL OORAOO. ARKANSAS 71730 Lion Oil Building Tal. (501)863-3111 JACKSON, MISSISSIPPI 39209 P. 0. Box 10937. Waitland Station Tal. (601) 352-3648 N. LITTLE ROCK. ARKANSAS 72119 410 Wait 8th Straat. P. O. Sox 3821 Tal. (501) 376-2437 MEMPHIS. TENNESSEE 38113 1023 Rlvarsida Oriva, P. 0. 80*13246 Tal. (901)948-4451 Organic Division (Rubber Instruments) AKRON. OHIO 44311 920 Brown Street, P. 0. Box 2307 Tel. (216) 434-1962 Plastic Products A Resins Division KENILWORTH, NEW JERSEY 07033 North Seventh St. A Monroe Ave. Tel. (201)276-2900 Textiles Division ATLANTA. GEORGIA 30303 Atlanta Merchandise Mart 240 Peachtree St.. N. W. Tal. (404)377 2260 CHARLOTTE, NORTH CAROLINA 28210 8230 Fairvtew Road. Suita 400 Tal. (704) 364-0110 GREENVILLE, SOUTH CAROLINA 29606 McAlister Plaza P. 0. Box 3564. Station Tal. (803)239-9171 NEW YORK. NEW YORK 10001 350 Fifth Ave. Tal. (212) 396-3100 "NOOltnf CfrftlfeMtfe FVfHtia H ( frf {OMllurt It to VM M? nodutt in conlhct nitb MV pit*nl MONSANIO M*MS *0 WARMNFKS AS TO T HI FlINfSS Off Mf ftCHAN I ASK It Y OF ANY PAOOUCTS ftlfCftfttO TO. * fuiHuiva vt umiccmy (twitt-iiom ivIfIeMantoctMiyfM (mtnvlliiviHwittiif feu * * ivtvm"nofeJtMAV ditcUifeH Monsanto Company / Functional Fluids /800 North Lindbergh Blvd. / St. Louis. Missouri 63166 NVF 003455 V E WATER PCB-SD0000074690 Monsanto NVF 003456 Monsanto Company / Functional Fluids /800 North Lindbergh 8lvd. /St. Louis. Missouri 63166 Ottft--4QI--I.RA LlTHO IN. U S A I WATER PCB-SD0000074691 WATER PCB-SD0000074692 I WATER PCB-SD0000074693 THE PYDRAUL SELECTOR ... is designed to put literally at your fingartips ail ths facts about Pydrsul fire-resistant hydraulic fluids--to juids you quickly to ths Pydrsul fluid that will ssrvs your operation beat. Protection from firs for hydraulic operations bsjan with PydrauL That was in 1961. Pydraul fluids havs sines served Industry with over ons billion machine hours of firs* free operation. Never during these billion hours of machine operations has a Pydraul fluid contributed to a Art--not even when sprayed from the broken ends of high pres sure hydraulic lines onto white-hot surfaces. New ways ass continuously being explored to improve ths excellent performance records of Pydraul fluids. The first Pydrsul fluid, general-purpose Pydrsul F-9. has grown to s family of six, specially tailored, fire-resistant hydraulic fluids and lubricants. Each answers a major but specific hydraulic fluid need for industrial use. In addition to guarding against fire, aach Pydraul fluid lubricates aa wall aa premium grade oil. Pydraul fluids have answered the need of virtually every indus trial hydraulic operation, indoors and out-- from ths eub-saro, outdoor hydraulic lift operations for refineries and blast furnace# to ths low-viscosity fluid demands of high speed, precision machine tools. I nm NVF 003483 WATER PCB-SD0000074694 a I PVPRAUL PgHFOBMAtMCE The six ftr*-r*ktnt, premium-lubricating Pydraui fluids offer a wide rang of viscosities from which you can salact tha propar lavs) pedfled by your hydraulic equipment man* ufacturer. Whichever Pydraui fluid you select, each provides tha sama protection against Are, premium lubricity, ease of main tenance, and freedom from corroaive action and foam. Pydraui hydraulic fluida also offer several additional benefits-- REDUCED FIRE INSURANCE RATES Because Pydraui eliminates fire hazards from hydraulic equipment operations, Pydraui re duces the threat of fire to surrounding struc ture and equipment. Insurance premiums for plants using Pydraui, therefore, aura often lower then premiums for operations using petroleum oil. ' LONGER PUMP LIFE Machines that operate on water-based fluids frequently require pump repair or replace ment aa often aa every two or three months. Machine* that use Pydraui hydraulic fluids can operate on the same pump for several yeare. Pydraui hydraulic fluids give the same long pump Ufa as the finest grade petroleum NA/F 003484 WATER PCB-SD0000074695 t NO CORROSION PROBLEMS Any metal hydraulic system component in contact with Pydraul will not rust, And Pydraul hydraulic fluids do not loaa anti* rust proparties with us*. MAXIMUM EQUIPMENT RESPONSE Pydraul navar produces excessive froth or foam during normal operations to interfere with hydraulic equipment response. Because Pydraul hydraulic fluids lubricate aa well aa premium petroleum oils, Pydraul permits equipment to operate at optimum response capability. INSPECTION ANO REPLACEMENT DOWN-TIME ARE VIRTUALLY ELIMINATED Pydraul hydraulic fluids are designed to be permanent. Pydraul fluids do not wear out. Except for normal "make-up" requirements, you never have to add new Pydraul to hydraulic systems. Pydraul eliminates "drain and change" periods; it does not have to be Inspected in your system from month to month--or even replaced from year to year. t/ N \ \ \ L ! ! I I NVF 003485 WATER PCB-SD0000074696 I NVF 003486 ii;1 WATER PCB-SD0000074697 PYDRAUL low viscosity Pydraul 60 (lows treaty st -20* F. It retains its propsrtlss and thermal stability at tarn* psraturaa up to 200* f. In hydraulic oparatlons that require precision (low Inttomtty, Pydraul 60 suppllaa smooth operation trom machine start to stop; It o((ars (low-on-demand operation without hydrau lic lad- Pydraul 60 offers excellent fire-resistant, hydraulic operation with vans, gear and platon pumps In high-speed ma chine tools. FIRE-RESISTANCE TESTS----------- Pydraul (lulds protect hydraulic equipment and personnel with permanent (Ire protection. Pydraul (lulds contain no water to evaporate and leave a flammable residue. During their more than one billion machine hours a( use, Pydraul fluids have been accidentally sprayed over molten metal, through electrical arcs. Into (lames and sparks--without eauaIngflre. Pydraul (lulds have never eaused or contrib uted to an hydraulic (Ire In cny type ot equipment They pass ell ot the Im portant Ignition teats lor tlre-resletanca, as shown by those test results: r:i 4 rr**tt*i Aasawaaaa tm- s/Mitr nvrvc NaatmUaUM Ha. t<a*M*T)<' 0S/|ia)B TUanRa Al a*uaatS: ISS* f. ns* r. ASaaMa larWV Its* * (UU A Oamrtjl ns* * raea ratal CmwaaMMNy Jlaa.W/1*. . MS Taatsaralara Hal taSlat AaM f SNOnm tCmaarnOtirtanalmal T'ltw.naal rr n(itv/%7* f-)< i i TkaraW CaaSwIMb hu/w./ti/* t. i Vaaaa rtaaaats iisa*r. i i\ Hi tataMUfta Saw Tm i ! ' \ i i ! i 1 { i i M* Snwan Ini Tati AMs-itsss ms ua-r- ms. i4 ana tntrvs at ms ruwrtn*. rasMS SMvi* Itaaa at usatriiii arts. MW*), t&nUa CniHn Tan <sms4ism>. rm sum j ; i ! | i . ' J | i amt eatieS. ad-tl rad j ta dawam dastaa af || toasaa M Saata lauar.[' MM StaaWaW Taal (WW-tlSIV Taat lad ' t.<risaS ca Me M IMS* ! I j MaMaa MaM tfUOm Taal Taal SaU atraaaa la DM 0mtwa at alaaimia wr atlM *r . Mtaallat aaeaiamava umiiaa. NVF 003487 WATER PCB-SD0000074698 PYDRAUL 150 Pydraul 150 la currently used In more than aavan hundred 0. P. E. (formerly Aakanla) regulators to con trol fuoMo-alr ratloa (or blast furnacat, soaking pits, and othar similar relatad equipment Although davalopad especially lor savsra cold-waathor, out door operations, Pydraul 150 Is also used tor cer tain mlsslla-launeh pro jects and In gears of tOX pumps located In oxygenrich atmospheres at misMIe-fuelIng sites. Pydraul ISO also performs as an excellent low-viscosity fluid for high-speed ma chine tools. :i i -t i \ : > NVF 003488 i i WATER PCB-SD0000074699 I NVF 003489 WATER PCB-SD0000074700 A-200 i c t PYDRAUL r *, tM i most widely uud, jsneral* purpose, fire-resistant hy* iNiimuwHiinui pnw/ performance barrlar." Whore protection from lira la the maximum consider* etlon, Pydraul A-200offtrs tha lowest coat par fallon of stralptit synthetic, lira* resistant hydraulic fluids. i-- I *> p ! t=* r 0 w NV F 003490 WATER PCB-SD0000074701 )' M i ! i1 t1 \1 I] ]i i * I] I1 IJ I1 I] l1 I ? ******* immtmm Um. itmti iv/jve ftmtWltrtM a*. (KW4tTX>l W44/|m) Ml. IM)*in(iut) Tii matin At amart*: in* P. IIP* t. ***M ttrtttr in* p. (ttu x o*Mt*> nr p. Urn MU C*a|ma*llt| Xl* X. I*./*. Mt Twawnaw'* Hu. Mint NX rumuni. OMMaat <* Tlwraat Utamta tar* P. KaM (itu/iw pj(n*pj nwraul Cs**#*rt rw/iMirp. ***** Puninii in?r. MtIMalw/laMi T*a (t*) MMIHt a H*m TM Wd fHun t*r*f T**4 AM41M mi Nil*. nN.1lllK i*i*t*4 M M pd ftrtojtt ***, >iwiil iux w > mmmiHm wrt, tow* f. Iff* Pmmlfiif Tmi (MMIM). Int flvM wnjdlllNtHuan M i|*IM, (I'WM rt wmmam nim * tamm la Iim Watwltt. WT MaM T1 <BU--T1*Vlnl A*M tuna nmm tMs* r. 1 : I 1 ! IMM M*4*4 I*Mm TmW 1i aw iinu4 a tmttn H elmmsmm *M*p M nw* f, a att ts* M*Uiww i(*iMa. NVF QQ349l 1 i i i WATER PCB-SD0000074702 PYPPSAUL Monsanto Introduced Pydraul F-9 at Industry's first straight synthetic,(Ire- resistant hydraulic fluid. * _ ' t I i drtulfe fhtftf fiM more on- * , the-llne proven perform- I ante to offer. NVF 003492 WATER PCB-SD0000074703 .1 -Ml ftriiu* rnUM *M(nw iml *<MitT n*/n*c KOM/|n) au. VtoMiy tommmnturnri. art. UaaMa UrVsrtj" IS9* F. (uu * Qwm> nr f. Few Mat ftiKwawfr jum eq. ./!*. Mt f*w<Mra Hu f M7MmN. OwUiitH M Tkaat bUMtW t*1 F. <tu/w fj<# rr r> TMriael CwWnatfrlSj nu/v./a/* r. VlfM FlUaaMM minrr. MkttaMa/liMi Tm*\ (t) MtMMyMWitaa Twa HIT Fraaewa H Taw IMt-tlM* eM MU..F- in aal IihiIi wrtn. nM( MfW| Ikh <1 iqilWW Iwx*. MW* F. lx Mhw N"1 Tttl (IHMIMt). leal IbX wrayal X \nm hm era* ItutM, M-tMHn ll| tIlwMmmMMIi*ma|iMwtm ttf. HM MnHaM Teal (HIW-Tim. Tl (M M MM X IJOB* F. MM M*M KMUm Tut TM *M tl*tM M tM mMiI Fmmm FI* X lB* f, W X lw MtlMM W MVF 003493 i t ! WATER PCB-SD0000074704 ISO k-m F-i 825 i I 1 (i i; II PYDHAUL Higtivlecoalty Pydraul 929 la tailored (or ultra-heavyduty hydraulic operation*, ouch a* (or large industrial prttaee and pump*. Pydraut 929 la alto utsd ta a fire-end explosion- resist ant air eompraaaor lubri cant Pydraul 629 can ba utad In any equipment re quiring an 800 to 1000 US oil. ! I NVF 003494 WATER PCB-SD0000074705 | Mi <* X 3W ns I V5c 0f 1 & * |r ll 32 Ia **** "=lf fi 1! !! h 1 1 oX Off|fij'C*f|f h 6 u ll5s I? n i il !! U II I! 1 2 ri WATER PCB-SD0000074706 A-200 F-9 625 PYDRAUL AC A special safety lubricant for air compressors, I Pydraul AC offars thraa Important advantages ovar petroleum olla: aafatyfrom flash fires; virtually no valvo deposits, and lower maintenance coats. By eliminating combustible mists and minimixing ear* bonacsous rasldusa, Pydraul AC reduces tho threst of compressor Ursa and explosions. Pydraul AC also reduces eompres* eor maintenance costa. By - A eliminating deposits on ex* hsust valves. In coolers, i and In piping, Pydraul AC greatly reduces the costs of compressor down-time and cleaning. These lower maintenance costs alone usually justify Pydraul AC for air compressors. > * \ l I ! NVF 003496 WATER PCB-SD0000074707 NVP 0 0 3 4 9 7 WATER PCB-SD0000074708 PYDRAUL VISCOSITIES Laboratory viscosity measurements of SSU (Saybolt Soconda Univaraal) ara affected by fluid danaity. Becauaa all petroleum oila uaad for hydraulic oparationa hava similar darmitk, thair measured viacoaitiea can be comporad; howwar, tho danaitiea of aynthatic fluida differ from ona another and from petroleum oila. To compara viocoaitiao, maaa urad viscosities of aynthatic fluida muat ba corractad for danaity. On tho chart balow, aach curva for a Pydraul fluid ahowa tha vkcoaity-temparature rela tionship modified for tho dlifaranca in danaity of tha indicated Pydraul fluid. By comparing thoaa curvaa with viacoaity curvea of light, medium, and heavy gradaa of patrolaum oila, it can ba aaan that Pydraul fluida virtually duplicate viacoeitlaa of patrolaum oik at normal operating tomparaturaa. L m la 5 iei i i<a it in m m m Ttaoantat, 0pm FtOraMt Soften Vtaaiftf-Monsrk SSUxOanSf el Pjdroa NVF 003498 WATER PCB-SD0000074709 rib i > i I. 13 h 13 13 13 CONVERTING ! TO PVORAUl \9 EASY | How to convort existing equipment. j No matter what typo of hydraulic fluid you i bow on in your equipment, you can easily convert to PydrauL Virtually every type of hydraulic machinery requiring a fire-resistant hydraulic fluid haa been converted to PydrauL 1 Equipment manufacturer* are experienced in i converting machinery to Pydraul and ahould . be consulted for their specific recommendations. Some manufacturers will tell you exactly what seals to change. Most can supply the comet . seals. Machines operating on a ttraight *ynth*tic, fire- resistant fluid can be converted to Pydraul without interrupting your production. When converting to Pydraul A-200, Pydraul 628, or Pydraul AC, simply add Pydraul as make-up. To convert to other Pydraul fluids, drain the old fluid and refill with the Pydraul fluid. No \ flush is necessary. Machines operating on oil or water-based hy draulic fluids require the few simple steps out- j lined below. These steps are necessary to dean tbs system of the old fluid and to change to ; dynamic seals compatible with Pydraul. Check for leaks. ; Check the entire system before the equipment I fa shut down for conversion. Mark these leaks j foe later correction. ; Drain fluid from the system. J Drain the reeervoir, lines, and cylinders aa j completely as possible to remove all of the old j fluid. This can sometimes be dons by opening ; unions at low spots in the system and blowing ! with dean air. U VISCOSITIES CONVERTING NVF 003499 WATER PCB-SD0000074710 Clsan rattrvolr and filters. Remove Interior paint from tha reservoir (If paintad) by scraping or with a commercial paint remover. Wipe clean with Unt-frse rags. Clean or change the cartridge in the filter. Check pump* for wear. Replace any part of the pump aaaembiy that shows serious wear. Install seals and packings compatible with Pydraul. Dynamic eaaia should he changed. Reinforced- type hoses are normally eatiefactory with Pydraul and naed not be replaced if they are in good condition. In operations where eevere hose flexing and bending take place, butyl-lined hoses art recommended. Accumulator dia phragms should be made of butyl, Viton, or other materials resistant to Pydraul ' Reconnect lines. When reconnecting lines, tighten carefully-- particularly those joints that leaked previously. Then fill with Pydraul to the proper leveL Start and stop pump. With the hydraulic controls la neutral, start and stop the pump several times, but do not allow the system to reach working pressure. This will help assure that fluid reaches the pump and lubricates It. The pump can than be left on, and the system can be brought to working pressure. Run through the cycle. Run through the cycle several times to use ail parts of the hydraulic system. Bleed any trapped air through tha petcocks or valves. Check the fluid level and add Pydraul If necessary. How to equip now machlnory with Pydraul. Whan ordering new hydraulic equipment, sim ply specify, "Per use with Pydraul hydraulic fluid." MVF 003500 I WATER PCB-SD0000074711 HAiMDurjo a no sTonAoe Aa with alt spocUllrsd lnduatrlal fluids, certain precaution* art advisable whan handling Pydraul fluids. No problems will arias whan Pydraul fluids ars ussd as rcommanded. Avoid repaalad or continuous akin contact. Repeated or prolonged contact can load to drying and akin "chapping." Where prolonged skin contact cannot be avoided, gloves should be worn. At room temperatures, there is no vapor inhalation haaard from Pydraul; however, inhalation of vapors at high temperatures should be pre vented. In extensive animal experimentation, exposures to vapors for on# hour showed local respiratory irritation, although no systemic affects were produced. Although eye irritation studies using Pydraul at hill strength indicate Pydraul is a mild irri tant, there is no evidence to show Pydraul causes permanent damage to ays tissues. If Pydraul fluid is splashed or sprayed Into the eyes, eyas should be thoroughly flushed with water and tbs workman referred to a physician. To relieve irritation, physicians have ussd 1% pontocaine solution, as well aa the ophthalmic cortisone acetate solution. Pydraul hydraulic fluids can be stored at subaero temperatures without fluid damage. Be fore using, simply allow the fluid to warm to room temperature. Drums storsd outside should be sealed tightly and placed In a boriaontal position to keep out moisture. j ;I !| ,f 1 ; ' ' j | j j : j i | HANimiNG NVF 003501 ! WATER PCB-SD0000074712 WATER PCB-SD0000074713 V WATER PCB-SD0000074714 I You can convert to Pydraul straight synthetics no matter what type of hydraulic fluid you now use in your equipment--nearly every type of hydraulic equipment that needs a fire-resistant fluid has been converted to Pydraul. Equipment manufacturers ore experienced in conversion procedures and should be consulted for their recom mendations. Some manufacturers will tell you exactly what seals to change and -- several will supply them. You can use the check list on the opposite page as a general guide for converting hydraulic systems to any Pydraul fluid. For machines now running on a straight synthetic fluid, you can add Pydraul A-200 or Pydraul 625 as make-up without interrupting your production. Machines operating on oil or water-based fluids require a few simple conversion steps which primarily in volve cleaning the system of the old fluid and changing dynamic seals to resistantmaterials. NVF 003504 WATER PCB-SD0000074715 CHICK FOR LIAKI 'Si' iv.r; Check the afitirw lyitam for Mki before you shut It down kv coowm Mart these-for correction later. -r DRAIN FLUID PROM SVflTIM V ..-.-'-3k-" ' Drain the reservoir, line* and cylinders at completely as poswbte to remove all tha preview* fluid. Sometime* this can bo done by opening union* at low spots m tha system and blowing cvn with tu. CLSAN RSSBRVOIR AND PILTBRS * .. " f--.- ' i- Remove interior paint from the reaarvoir (If it it painted) tv scraptag or-entfc a commercial paint remover. Wipe it dry with clean rags which are lint hoe'.' Clean or changedhe cartridge Ja the filter. vap-. -Pydraut-fluid* can be uaed to flush syttams, too. s iaoa they wdlloosan tar*; vemish and reside** left ,, r- .... by prerioua fluids. Filters will remove the** contaminants, tf there o4R*rer if part* of equipment - ate difficult to reach for-cleaning, a portable filter can toe connected *> the eyatera and-tafCon stream. 'for the first two or three days of operation. `" '" ' ''W"- . ->>S4'' TV.'" fi'1" ' - 'V.":" w ```Replace any part* of tha pump assembly that show sarioss < . . " "has operated on water-bawd fluids. :**>. ..... T-T; .... t t -Vjust folio w these* steps V<5?r*5^ tW*NTALli RiSliTANT filALS ANO^PACKINOt] v^>^?ar4r.-C3Ci.:i- ... : v>A-. '- ''IfeTPSW* 'k*rSmt5y*nul u**r* hM^prrvtrtad without changing -aaaliand changedj Isually dynamicc$aals thouId ta'Changed ta^wSwt'mwtert^WneaS^mtSatte^i*^ 4wl^-lfv>yPrr ydraul andf.' . n .. .'j-'r-hey fmluatkee aa-ttifgehMtwerr juall;' .. tthhaa sluwn-iem%llltea*drt -aiAaiBgljrcwaiinn-'bfhAsa:y,n7eavpjUBivwcafdttMytrt.h.'..-a ^-a---o---w--t--m----e w -h-~--e----o-o>.U7; .-S StheletnfTi^iatef disassembled for-other eeaiaonsAAtlbwrmatgtiosrirepi^ IngXlse butyl rubber bladders 4orSccu B8CONNICT4L1MIS; .reconnect the fewA Jigmirtl jw^;Pydmit` tsjtfte proper^ NOjSTOPPUMf; i *the.`hydraulic controls on neutral, start and stop the the -* _ ''rCP-*V ` . *w- . *- - '.^eysteni -to/reaich working prossure. This procedure writ/fabrrieccaattee the parao3*.77hhsn you can leave the : ' . ...pump on ta bring the system to working pressure. . C - iS7c?; : - RUN THROUOH CVCt.1 ' Run through the cycle severe! times to us# all parts of the hydraulic system. Bleed any air through the petcocks or valves from parts that might collact air. Check the fluid level and add Pydraul if necessary. NVF 003505 WATER PCB-SD0000074716 You can kamp fluid maka-up at a minimum with admquatm malntmnancm The normal loss of Pydraul in a properly converted system will be no more than for petroleum fluids, and in many casea, it has been considerably less. The technique for holding down the make-up requirement for Pydraul is the same as for any fluid; namely, regular maintenance checks for loose joints. Losses of Pydraul in diecasting machines are generally as low as one pint, per eight-hour shift. If you reclaim leakage, your losses can be cut even further. It is not unusual to find the annual coat of hydraulic fluid actually decreases after Pydraul has been installed. Packing and aaal Information ' Availability of packings and seals for Pydraul fluids is no problem--manufacturers supply them in all configurations. Resistant materials are generally required only for dynamic (moving) seals. Static seals may be ordered in resistant materials if the user prefers. The chart at right lists the manufacturers who supply packings and seals resistant to Pydraul. The list is intended as a guide, and the equipment manufacturer or packing supplier should be contacted for latest recommendations. NVF 003506 WATER PCB-SD0000074717 SUPPtlCR TYPE OF MATERIAL A. W. Chesterton Co. Evarett, Mill. Butyl--Fabric Acushnet Procese Co. New Bedford, Man. . Silieona Butyl Viton Anchor PicKIng Co. 401 N. Broad St. Philadelphia, Pa. Silieona Teflon Impregnated duck , Impregnated asbestos Butyl C. W. Mersn Co. Muekegon. Mich. Chicago Rawhide Mfg. Co. 1301 Elaton Ave. Chicago 22, Ml. Impregnated leather Butyl Silicone Viton Tellon Crana Packing Co. 1800 Cuyler Ave. Chicago 13, III. Carlock Packing Co. Palmyra, New York Silicone Butyl Silicone Butyl Tellon Viton Leather Aabaatos Butyl impregnated duck Greene. Tweed 4 Co. North Walaa, Pa. Asbestos Butyl impregnated duck Phenolic Teflon Goshsn Rubber Co.. Inc. P.O. Box 416 A Gothen, Indiana f International Packing* Corp. 5 Bristol, New Hampshire ; * " Jr Linear, Inc. State Road 4 Levtak it Philadelphia, Pa. Butyl Silicone Silicone Butyl Viton Leather Butyl Vyram Vyram--Fabric Plastic 4 Rubber Products Co. i 2100 Hyde Park Bfvd. Los Angelas, Cent Butyl Silicone > Precision Rubber Products Corp. 3100 Oakridga Drive Dayton 7, Ohio Butyl Raybestos-Msnhattan, Inc. Packing Oiv. Passaic, Naw Jareay Asbestos Tellon Butyl--Ouch Butyl--Asbestos Asbestos--Teflon Vellumoid Co. Rockdala St. 4 Beaman Ava. Worcha*tar 6, Masa. Vellumoid w. S. Shamban Co. 11617 W. Jefferson Blvd. Culver City, Calif. Tellon Nylon KEL f XX x. X X X. X X X' X X X X X XXXX XXX XXXX X X X X X .X X XX XXX XXX XXXXXXXX XXX X X x :x X X X X; ;' XX X X1 X- X* x:x x ;x >i X X X X 1. X X X Xf r 1XI XX X X? ! 1x X .x;x X X X X X X X 1X:X X X X X X Xv ,X X X X X X X1 11 X ! XX - 1X !X X X X j! X X iX! X X X : ta ! X X xi X X' X1 X1 X X: !x 1 :x X :x 1 i iX X 1: :X X 'X X ' X ;x X X , . X X ; xx ; X, X! XI X Xi !X 1 : x x| 1 Xi 1X i i 11 1 ix i i 1 i i 1 t* ; i i 1 j 1 i i i '; X;X' X i XiX X X! X XX jf x; x X' X, x xv ' } 1 , 1 x: X X1 X' 1 X' Xt ; : Xi $ i X1 i : X1 1 * f f i Xt 1 i x ;\ 1; :i* X X" X X. X x XX XX XXXXX XX X X XXXX X XX X X XXXXXXX X X CONTACT TMf MATIAIAl. SUPPU*A TOA MIS LATEST MCOMMCNOATION9 NVF 00350 7 WATER PCB-SD0000074718 Othar hydraulic componanta. .. raadlly a valla hia ' *'._J l ' . ^>* . ' TMoat standard oil filtera are satisfactory and you can use active earth or clay) type*. Manufacturers supplying, filters include: Icssc Srigg* rHtntkm CompanyiwT* 7 Htlliard Corporation. . ^PnfS^C4<Jrta* Cnglnaan*>a. Coolparty..; . ... Hon*n-Craf> Corporation . Cun Englneariogj Corperattorv^k ' Marvel Engineering. Company ; Oomngaa Corpors-bowarfS . ' rfuro^t--* ' ?**V9Lt '^,Fuino ... ... ^______ \43\"- ' Although* both* Mopmw' arxfe Bun N^sweil- somewhat* b/ Pydreul.3 ihanotgvouaatia&ctd^^B*with.'tlfeflbd^when'. maija; of reinforcaid 'wire. braidJqooJ ^^^TMiBqtyl ho^ are-Wstant;itndfcrae preferred whan whc*e`are.;bat ___ ______ ___ __ ?$9KS^ _ r^f^uiwt^>rpoctlCTglTOBSir^S8rPacrtc Hoae &Rt>M>e* Cempsn '. CouplingC^pamaMfiTyjWMj Reslrtoflea CorpanHorv., SWastherhead CorporsBom ;used'tn-. systems containing swive taa: faeiurin* Cbmpanyc:: ? Chicks*f Comp -Ti; . can b< ' ... >y; Crane Packing Company (John Crsn* PtssUe Usd Seal General Electric Company (Gfyptal 1201 Rad Enamel) ri-V* Permete* Company (Permatea Special Sealant No. 1282) Oow Coming Corporation. (Silastic 6127 putty) -'i? 3heH Chemical Company (Epon Adhesive VI) ' FrieaJandPUstica Company (Teflon TapaSeel) M 5V?t . ^ ;vr.r. contain a bladder to saparata the - nitrofVDc. Fbrtheea butyl rubberjs necesaaryi Suppliers, mcfu^ ^beea Hydrauticifc locorporataflar* -\: Superior Pipe SpecalHea Company s**-*"' .-Tfydramoth^-IncarporatadM^ulk; __ -==, ..... .. ?reastantet^ Sydiauik'vwnpp&ed by:.\|f.~ 'Vy < ig^GMv ' H - *ri AmasortCttrporatkais (Soalft fiats. California) :. - ! Ahdraw SVewn PB^wSCompangy (toe Anstlea. Califomie) SCattoeMmCfemesnytSfcLMiakMtsseuriMj'ttft*..^. r.CWTP*Pacts(y>nnlri8deac New Yorii) ''' ` . ' ^OWTPilawC1rw*cs< Company # America (Sevsriy HIHa. CaJtfomia)-; tWwcWPelweAOemlcelCowrpeny (Totrence, CaMfomia) ' VHPrruttoeA Company (loaAngeiw. CaHfomie) \-:T . . *<3erteralPsfcrtCompany (SanFrsnciaco, California) ,,t'^&T!aifctteftCompany (CMcafa Illinois) ^ 1 ^ '-ry?i hdtiotrlarni*hea Company (Ptulsdalphia. Pehnaylvania) Intsfchemlesl Corporetioo (Lot An|alss. California) ' <' tone Irathan Company (Deyton. Ohio) ';. MstneCaetlngaCorporabon (Loa Anfsles. California) - ' Minnesota Platon CorporsPon (Ptpeatone. Minnssota) - Nycota UOoratonva (Van Nuya. California) . Pscifto Paint & Varnish Company (Berksley, California) Parker Paint Company (Tacoma. Washington) - Ptttaburth Plata Qlasa Company (Milwaukee. Wisconsin) Powell Paint Company (Compton, California) ' Rinthed Mason Company (Anaheim. California) Royalty Paint & Vamnh Company (Pasadana. California) Saran Protective Coatings Company (Farndale. Michigan) Sharwin-Williams Company (Chicago. Illinois) Sinclair Refining Company (Nsw York. Naw York) Titsnme, Incorporitad (Union. Naw Jarsay). Wsrrsn Company (Atlanta. Georgia) yo CONTACT THt SUPttlER YOR LATEST RECOMMENDATIONS NVF 003508 WATER PCB-SD0000074719 To reclaim Pydraul, follow these simple Instructions (You can actually reclaim Pydraul lost from leaks and spills because of its exceptional stability and resistance to water. If fluid losses are appreciable--such as in mining equipment that seems to leak despite careful maintenance--recovery of fluid can result in considerable savings. Simply placing a container beneath leaks until they can be repaired will save some fluid. Where drip pans have been'used beneath hydraulic machinery, more than half of the Pydraul purchased has been reclaimed. Savings like these reduce overall fluid costs and help make Pydraul the most economical straight synthetic fire-resistant fluid available.) Reclaiming Pydraul consists of two steps: removing water, and filtering dirt or other TO SIPASATI WATIN Wotor dee* not mu with Pydrouf ond will form o loyor o# fop of iho Pydrovf. I* tho thop, o drum con bo rourvod for collecting contoml* AQMd livid. A drum with lido od ond bwng plocod horitonioMy on o crodlo obovt two fool aboo iho Moor ' o iimpl ond offoctivo lotfling chombor. Solvogod livid con bo oddod throvgh o lorgo fwnnoi loft in Iho lop oponinf ond diolftftd ooriodScolty 0% Iho wO*Of ttfOrOHI (loo^diagrom). Mo/# oloborolo tytfomt might wto lotMinf tank*, light govgoi ond 10 oo. A locond molhod ompfoyo o ctntrifugo. Sod* obio vniu oro modo by 60 t#*dl ond SHorptoo Co. Contrifggot horo ibo dwite'fo of uppft ing wotor from forgo rphrmoo of ffotd d ihort limo. TO PH.TSR OUT 104.10 FAfTHCLfO A nvmbor of fiftrotfOd onito or# ovodoMo *n comploto unit* with liftor, pvmp ond motor. HiJMord. Cono ond HommC/oao oro omong iho upptioM. Othor lyiiomo vio fifto# modta tuctl o cotton llnfort. foil, or motol moon*. Allopofgut cloy, diolomocoovt oo/fti ond twllor'c oo*b may bo viod to holp hp iho Mold tlodn, dry. low in noutroMtolion nvmbor ond light in color. A imall pump ond motor con bo utod >o pump. Iho Pydftvl ihrovgh iho lillor, ond into o cloon Mo/ago drum. FlUIO PURIFICATION SYSTEM NVF 003509 WATER PCB-SD0000074720 Safa handling Information Animal toxicity itvidiee and human experience indicata that tha Pydraui fluid* may b uaad safely it a few reasonable precaution* ac* taken. Re peated or prolonged skin contact ihould ha avoided tinea the fluids ara excellent aolventa (or tha oils normally components o( tha (kin. When splashed or sprayed into tha eyas, tha Pydraui fluids causa poin/ui smarting. Thera is no evidence, however, of any permanent eye injury. In tha event of accidental contact with tha eyaa, tha ayaa should be flushed with copious amounts of water for 15 minute* and the workman referred to a physician; physicians have used \% pontocaine solution and ophthalmic cortisone acetata solution to relieve irritation. Respiratory protaction or mechanical exhaust ventilation should be pro vided if there is repeated and prolonged contact of the fluid with heated surfacee with resulting volatilisation or possible decomposition of tha fluid. For short periods, such as might arise in turning off equipment following tha rupture of s hydraulic line or other mechanical failure, no such pro tection is necoMary. Toxicity studies demonstrate that the Pydraui fluids ara comparable, generally, to petroleum-based hydraulic fluids with respect to short-term massive exposures. The detaila of animal toxicity studies are available from Monsanto's Medical Department. Monttnro orwutCAL oomranr* onoA/ne c*fwrests oiviaion n. Linoatnon touitvano f?to iatmmgfl-- }* Ihi9 )*. to ama 4f*. !rv* *tv'to. M *N to lufftlti*** to* wfh*to *to cvtoffM. MM* ll vm to* AtortMWH* Ch<*><*4 C*fto*y tfltf*4t ay <* <ort*ati*ft tfc* wt* l rfcat* 4to to FwftfctoWto** (ht*i*4 ktoto r*iitfv4 r(atM)n*toi*fi >* et ifly pf4tnf I* <**ftitt !* ptottol *trtoihf *y <**'(*! to * w*. NVF 003510 A* SffMat'w'aej WATER PCB-SD0000074721 NVF 003511 WATER PCB-SD0000074722 GWISISYOM Y (?VKAyiL i. ...v You can convert to Pydraul hydraulic fluids, which art straight synthttics, no matttr what type of hydraulic fluid you use now. Equipment manufacturers have had a great deal of experience in converting nearly every type of hydraulic equipment that needs a fire-resistant fluid to a Pydraul fluid. We suggest you contact your equipment manufacturer for conversion recommendations. Many independent machine builders mil, under contract, complete the conversion for you. $ NVF .003512 WATER PCB-SD0000074723 For machines now running on a straight synthe tic with Viton* or Silicon* -seal*. Pydraul A-200 or Pydraul 62S can b* added as make-up without interrupting your production. If you are using oil or water-based fluids, thera are several very simple conversion steps. Basi cally, you must drain and clean your system, change your dynamic seals to seals compatible with Pydraul, hydraulic fluid and then add Pydraul. It will generally take two men, an eight-hour shift to convert on* hydraulic system. This esti mate allows ample time to do the job right, the first time, and prevent costly down-time in the future. The following procedures should carry you sim ply and smoothly through your conversion, but our technical specialists for Pydraul fluids are always ready to help make your job easier., .con tact your local Monsanto Salts and Service Office. conversion procedure . . . 1. CHICK FOR LtAKS 1. ORAIN FLUIO FROM SYSTIM >. chaw RisiRvom ano filtir* . CHICK RUMRS FOR WCAR I. INSTALL RISISTANT SIALS ANO RACKING* I. RICONNICT UNIS T. START ANO STOR RUMR I. RUN THROUGH CTCLI NVF 003513 WATER PCB-SD0000074724 // f CHECK FOR LEAKS -- Check your en tire system for leeks before you shut down. Mark any leaks for sealing after the system is drained. DRAIN THE SYSTEM -- Drain your present fluid as completely as possible from reservoir, linea and cylinders. Flush system with steam or warm water to avoid residual oil and water-glycol sludge that can reduce E'ydraut fluid flre-resietance. You may also be able to do this by opening unions at low spots La your system and blowing out with clean dry air. Seal any leaks. CLEAN RESERVOIR AND FILTERS -- If your reservoir is painted, -use a commercial paint remover or scrape out the Interior to prevent paint dete rioration later on. Wipe your reservoir clean with lint-free rags. Clean or change the car tridge In your Alter. CHECK PUMPS -- Check your pumps thoroughly for wear. Replace any worn parts. NVF 003514 WATER PCB-SD0000074725 M^ 0 Sfl CHANGE SEALS, PACKINGS AND HOSES--Chang* your dynamic seals to stals compatible with Pydraul hydrau lic fluid. If you ust reinforced type hoses that are in good condition, you normally won't need to change them. If your noses undergo severe flexing, we recommend butyl or Teflon-lined hoses. Your accumulator diaphragms should be of butyl, Viton, EPR or silicone. Avoid buna elastomers, neoprene and natural rubber. RECONNECT LINES -- Reconnect your lines, and tighten flraJy. Fill your system with Pydraul to the manufacturer's recommended level. START ANO STOP PUMP-Withthe hydraulic controls in neutral, start and sto^ your pump several times, without allowing the aystem to reach working pressure. This proce dure will lubricate the pump. Then you can leave the pump on to bring the system up to working pressure. RUN THROUGH CYCLE-Run through the full operating cycle several time* to use all parts of your system. Bleed any trapped air through the petcocks. Check your fluid level and add Pydraul if necessary. Nowyou're ready to operate... 2 tn a m ^ TJ o^ NVF 003515 WATER PCB-SD0000074726 m mcsO'".Ms Materials compatible with Pydraul hydraulic fluid are necessary for dy namic or moving seals. For static seals they ere preferred, but not essential. Tha following table indicates which materials we recommend, depending on the Pydraul fluid you chooee. PYORAUL fluid sum A-200 F-9 150 625 M S R S AC s 60 R 312 M a -- aecammende* EPS VITON SILICONS BUNA N NC0PRCNI NATURAL RUSBCR MR R U U U SR R U U U RS R U U U SR R U U U SR R U U u RU S U U u M R .R U U u S -- Seiltfeetery M -- Merpnel U -- Untelle/aetory This chart of component manufacturers Is a guide to obtaining seats completely compatible with Pydraul fluids. You can contact your equipment manufacturer or sail supplier for their most currentrecommendations. NVF 003516 WATER PCB-SD0000074727 fyp* of M jtcf.il WATER PCB-SD0000074728 TYPE of material or TRADEMARKED PRODUCT Supplier Cir.hi'ii Ifiililn'r Co.. Inf. 1*0 lluilK Cmflrn^ linfijiM Type of Material llnt/l Silitanc ,, fiitrtn.itiuiT.if P.ickioi'.s Cmp. Hmful.NM- t HH'dr. hie. SKih* lhi.nl It I rvich 51 Phil.itlrf|ilii.i. P.l I'.ulirr <Tr.il 'If*/ fiTIrrvin Blvil riiiiH,rc:iiv,rjhi. I'l.i-.fi. It ItuhfMT Pioil. Co. .'Hill llyili' P.nh nivil. I ir. Cilif. I'ra-tiMiin Rubber Piol Carp. JIM aihiufcc Drive OayTan. Ohio W.iytx^his M.mli.iffan, Inc i*.i fc.ii:iiii: Hi* I'.iv.iii. Nri liiWY IbTubfr Rubber Pimlv I ililyn>i:tin>. r.. I ViTFiiiiniiiI Cit 1 Ihii liil.if** Sf Jl th-.im.in Avf ' V/iiii be-.fei 6. M.i'.v W. 5. 5h.inih.in Or. Ilbl/ W. Iclfrrvin Blvil Culver City. Calif. V-lliifti*tl Vv'HuiimthI Co. Mil | M W Nrlloi* Crt NVF 003518 WATER PCB-SD0000074729 ^diLirilKi-ls -Mi; FILTERS Moat ataadard oil ftttara art satisfactory. You can use active earth or clay types. Flltar manufacturers Includa: grigg* Filtration Olviilon 8owar Corporation Cookavllla. Tannessee Capital Enginaering Company 5U9 S. Ashland Avanua Chicago, llllnola Commercial Filtara Corporation (Honan-Crsne) Labanon, Indiana Cuno Enginaering Corporation Sub. of American Machine & Foundry 4427 S. Vina Street Marldan, Connactlcut Dollinger Corporation 20 Cantra Park Rochester 3. Naw York Fulflo Specialties Company, Inc. 410 Fancy Avanua Slanchaitar, Ohio Hilliard Corporation 98 W. Fourth Straat Elmira, Naw York Marval Engineering Company 7227 North Hamlin Avanua Chicago 45. Illinoia Mayhaw Products Company 5040 S. Santa Fa Avanua Lot Angeles, California l Pall Corporation 92 Saa Cliff Avanua Gian Cova, L I., Naw York Purolator Products 1000 Naw Brunswick Avanua Rahway, Naw Jersey Rosaan Filter corporation 1775 E. Nina Mila Road Hazel Park, Michigan Schroadar Bret. Corporation 101 Niehol Avanua McKaas Rock*,.Pennsylvania Service Filtration Corporation 9443 W. Chicago Avanua Chicago St, Illinoia HOSES Although both naoprtnt and Buna elas tomers swell somewhat In Pydraul. hoaa of these materials have given satisfactory sendee when made of a reinforced braid construction. Butyl or Teflon linea are preferred when new hoeea are Installed. Suppliers Includa: Aeroouip Corporation 900 3. East Avanua Jackson, Michigan Anchor Coupling Company 960 NT Fourth Street Libertyvllle, Illinoia Eistman Manufacturing Company (Saa Impedal-Castman Corporation) Department T. R. 6900 W. Howard Street Chicago 48, llllnola Electric Hose 4 Rubber Company 1201 Ouro Straat Wilmington, Delaware Resistoftex Corporation Rosalind, Naw Jersey Stratoftea, Inc 222 Roberts Cutoff Road Fort Worth, Texas Weathsrhead Corporation 902 C. 131st Street Cleveland, Ohio 44108 2 x5 o r* (A w us 2 c-n4 <n 55 23 "2 O US > OO U r~ io j NVF 003519 WATER PCB-SD0000074730 SWIVEL COUPLINGS Systems for Pydraul Fluids often contain swivel couplings. Some suppliers are: arco Menufecturing Company (See Aeroouip -- 8areo Division) 540 Hougn Street 8errington, Illinois Chiksan Otviiion FMC Corporation 332 N. 8ra Boulevard Braa, California Amarican Sealants Company (Sas tactile Corporation) US No. Mountain Road Hartford U, Connecticut Crane Packing Company 64)0 Oakton Street Morton Grove, Illinois Cow Coming Corporation Midland, Michigan Friesland Plastics Company Friesland. Wisconsin PIPE JOINT SEALERS . . . can ba bought from: Ganaral Electric Company Insulating Materials Ospertmant l CampOall Road Schanactady 6, New York Permatu Company Department T. R. Flagler Court Building West Palm Beach, Florida W. S. Shamban & Company 11617 W. Jefferson Boulevard CulvarCity, California Shall Chemical Company 110 Wests 1st Street New York, New York Greer Hydraulics, Inc. 5930 W. Jefferson Boulevard Los Angeles, California ACCUMULATORS . . . many hydraulic systems for Pydraul contain an accumulator which usis a bladder to separata the fluid from air or nitrogen pressure. For these, a rubber compatible with the fluid is necessary. Suppliers include: Superior Pipe Specialties Company Boa 191 Cicero, Illinois $0650 NVF 003520 WATER PCB-SD0000074731 @ RAP M'S MIT! PAINTS , , . resistant to Pydraul nr* supplied by: Amereoet Corporation Department T Brat, California Andrew Brown Paint Company 5413 S. Oiatrlct Boulevard Lo Angtlas, California Carboflne Company 32-R Hanlay Industrial Court St Louis, Missouri Carrol Products 141 Marino Stmt Farmingdala, Now Yorfc Finch Paint A Chomleal Company Torrence. California W. P. Fuller A Company 1645 W. Valencia Oriva Fullerton, California The Qllddon Company 900 Union Commerce Building Cleveland, Ohio Interchemical Corporation Finishes Division 1255-T Broad Stmt Clifton, New Jersey Lowe Brothers Company Third A Madison Streets Dayton, Ohio Magna Coatings & Chemical Corporation 17U N. Eastern Avenue Los Angeles, California Nycota Laboratories 15002 Otlano Street Van Nuya, California Pittiburgh Plate Glita Company One Gateway Canter Pittiburgh 22. Pennsylvania Rimhed-Mason Company 5933 Milford Detroit Michigan Royalty Paint A Varnish Company Pasadena, California Saran Protective Coatings Company 2415 Burdette at Read Farndale, Michigan Sherwin-Williams Company 101 Prospect Avenue, N. W. Cleveland, Ohio Titanine, Inc Seagrave Corporation Elmwood A Monts Avenues Union, New Jersey U. S. Paint Lacquer A Chemical Company 2101 Singleton St Louis, Missouri NVF 003521 WATER PCB-SD0000074732 taa m o You can actually reclaim Pydraul hydraulic fluid loet from leake and spilli becaute it it exceptionally itabte and ruiitant to water and other eontaminatee. If your fluid loeeee are appreciable -- eueh at in mining equip . ment that eeeme to leak deepite careful maintenance -- fluid recovery can reeult in considerable eavinge. Simply placing a con tainer beneath leak* until they can be re paired will save come fluid. Where drip pane have been ueed beneath hydraulic ma chinery, more than half of the total Pydraul leakage hae been reclaimed. Thie dollar-eaving recovery appears eepeciaUy advantageous because it isn't practicalto reclaim either water glycol or water-oil emulsions except to filter out large dirt particles. Reclaiming Pydraul fluid helps make it the moet economical flre-reeistant fluid available. Reclaiming Pydraul coneiste of two tope: removing water, and Altering dirt or other tolid particles. TO SEPARATE WATER . . . Water dose not mix with Pydraul and will, therefore, form a layer on top. A drum reserved for contaminated fluid with a aids and and bung, placad horizontally on a cradio about two foot off tho floor, ia a aimpla and afTactlva tattling chambar. You can add salvaged fluid through a larga fun nel in tho top opening and periodically drain off the Pydraul through the lower opaning. For a mora elaborate system, you might use rUJIO PURIFICATION SYSTEM NVF 003522 WATER PCB-SD0000074733 |?> V (S A y (L (F d Hi) fl settling tanks, sight gauge* or a commercial Installation. . A second method la centrifuging. Suitabla units ara tnada by DaLaval and Sharplaa Co. Centrifugaa operate swiftly,. . . will sapa* rata watar from largo volumaa of fluid in a short tima. TO FILTER OUT SOLID PARTICLES ... A numbardf nitration units ara avails* bla complata with Altar, pump and motor. Othar systams uaa Altar madia Ilka cotton lintsrs. fait, or matal scraans. Attapulgua clay, diatomacaoua aarth and Fuller's aarth may ba uaad to haip kaap tha fluid claan, dry, low in neutralisation numbar and light in color. Uaa a small pump and motor to pump tha Pydraul through tha Altar, and Into a claan atoraga drum. X 1/1 l z oa 31 r* ax 5 a NVF 003523 WATER PCB-SD0000074734 & 0*A (k 0 (FaJ Animat toxicity studio* and human experi- net indicate that tha Pydraul hydraulic fluids may be used safely if a faw rson- abla pracautions ara takan. Repeated or prolonged skin contact should ba avoidad not only to prevent absorption of tha mi- tarlal and possible systemic affect but, also, because the fluids are excellent sol vents for tha oils normally present in the skin. Thus, drying and irritation could occur. . When splashed or sprayed Into the ayes, Pydraul causes painful smarting. There is no evidence, however, of any permanent aye injury. In the event of accidental con tact with the eyes, the eyes should be flushed with copious amounts of water for 13 minutes and the workman referred to a physician; physicians have used 1% Panto caine solution and ophthalmic cortisone acetate solution to relieve irritation. When Pydraul is kept at room temperature, it does not constitute a vapor Inhalation hazard except in a confined, unventilated space. Respiratory protection or mechani cal exhaust ventilation should ba provided if there is repeated and prolonged contact of tha fluid with heatad. surfseas with re suiting volatilization or possible decom position of the fluid. Where a ruptured oil hydraulic line near a white-hot surface means a fire, a ruptured hydraulic line containing Pydraul causes a vapor with an unpleasant odor that can help you locate the trouble. For short periods, sucii as turning off equipment following the rup ture of a hydraulic tins or other mechani cal failure, no protection is necessary. NVF 003524 WATER PCB-SD0000074735 T (fiJ A Pydraul hydraulic fluids can ba stored at subzero temparaturai without damaging tham. Simply allow tha Pydraul to warm to room temparatura before you usa It. If drums of Pydraul must ba stored outside, seal tham tightly and lay them on thair side to keep out moisture. H A N D L IN G TSt information contained ' thia tutfiHa ia, to anr tut knowledge, true and accurate, Am* ait recommendation* or suggestions art mada without guarantor tin** th* condi tion* of use are teyend *ur control Tha Monoant* Com pany diaotaimo any liability ineurrad in connection with the uss of that* data or ouggeationo- Furthermore, nothing contained herein ihalt ho construed as a recommendation to use any product in conflict with <noting patent* cootring any material or it* use. 0* (A - O 31 > a m NVF 003525 WATER PCB-SD0000074736 SALES & SERVICE OFFICES ATLANTA. GEORGIA 10326 Lena* Tawm We\f. 1MB Prachltre Rd N E. Tel. 1104| 111 4JJ0 OOSTON. MASSACHUSETTS 02 U9 Everett Sljtian Tel. |6t7) Ounhnh 7 5010 CHICAGO. It UNtJIS 1151 Oct Plainer Ate. Oct Plainer. Illinois 60018 Tel. (1121216 6688 CINCINNATI. OHIO 15208 2320 Victory Pathway Tel. 1513) 151 6701 CIEVELANO. OHIO 44122 3645 WartcntvilTc Center Rif. Tel. (216) 131 5400 DETROIT. MICHIGAN 48735 500 Northland Towers Tel. (Ill) 357 0910 HOUSTON. TEXAS 77002 1300 Main Street Tet. 1713) Capital 34011 LOS ANGELES. CALIFORNIA 3C02Z 6670 C. Flotilla SL Tel. (213) Raymond 32492 MINNEAPOLIS. MINNESOTA 55402 812 Narttnfar Center 110 S. Seventh St. Tel. (612) Federal 9 4651 NEW YORK. NEW YORK 10017 217 Park Avenue Tel. 1212) 922 41 It PITTSBURGH. PENNSYLVANIA No. 4 Gateway Center Olds. Roam 14ns Tel. (412) 26) 2156 ST. LOUIS. MISSOURI 63166 100 N. Lindbergh Bivd. Tel. (314) Wydawrt liaaa SAN FRANCISCO OAV AREA 2710 Lafayette, Santa Clara. Calif. 15052 Tel. (408)243 0414 SEATTLE. WASHINGTON 98104 III Western Avenue Tel. (206) Mam 24203 SPRINGFIELD. MASSACHUSETTS 0! 102 812 Manianfa Ave. Tel. (413) 708 6911 WILMINGTON. DELAWARE 13803 2005 Concord Pike, Fairfax Tel. (302) Olympia a 6531 FLUIDS Monsanto Company 800 N. Llndbwjh St. Louis, Missouri 93166 NVF 003526 WATER PCB-SD0000074737 \ ---------------V------------------ Monsanto Chemicals ____ L/iL_ _ ABOCLOR A NONFLAMMABLE HYDRAULIC FLUID FOR DIE-CASTING SYSTEMS Monsanto Technical Bulletin No. P-i March 28, 1949 Monsanto Chemical Company St. Louis 4. Mo. Aroclor* 1248, chlorinated biphenyl, the safe and economical organic hydraulic fluid for metal die casting systems, eliminates the constant threat of serious fire hazard associated with the use of com bustible hydraulic fluids In the die-casting industry. This safe and economical hydraulic fluid has been In continuous satisfactory use In individualized die-casting units for about ten years and in central ized systems for the past two years. 1 ** Registered in U. S. Patent Office ............. " * .i.u I In i| i' hut < J vt* ' <*i| rMftirt, left*tent a pw W11 jvd|nrm in iKf naitrr, and i* aksuiar it j lo< any lot>i m arc id* si (Mat nay 1* twit f it a S NVF 00320* WATER PCB-SD0000074738 I. INTRODUCTION Aroclor 1248, chlorinated biphenyl, the safe and economical organic hydraulic fluid for metal dle-caatlng systems, eliminates the constant threat of serious fire hazard associated with the use of combustible hydraulic fluids in the die-casting industry. There are not many available noncombustible organic fluids and only very few possess the over-all physioal requirements of hydraulic fluids for die-casting systems. Notwithstanding the possibility of sustaining costly fire damage when using relatively Inexpensive petroleum oils, the economics involved in replacing petroleum oils with the more expensive noncombustible organic hydraulio fluids is an important factor to the industry. In this connection, it is important to emphasize that Aroclor 1248 appears to be substantially less expensive than the few other available noncombustible organic hydraulic fluids for this purpose. Aroclor 1248 has been used successfully in die-casting machines for many years and satisfactory continuous service records on Aroclor 1248 ex tend beyond ten years. It is used throughout the industry as widespread and leading die-casters have installed Aroclor 1248 to replace combus tible oils and also to replace other noncombustible organic fluids, because of the demonstrated good performance obtainable with Aroclor 1248 and because of its lower initial cost and lower "make-up" require ments in the system. II. INDIVIDUALIZED DIE-CASTINO SYSTEMS Aroclor 1248 has been used continuously for many years in individualized die-casting units using machines built by Lester Engineering Company (13)* The Hydraulio Press Mfg. Co. (11), H. L. Harvill Mfg. Co. (9). and the Cleveland Automatic Machine Co. (4), as well as excellent home built" units. Frequently, these machines are equipped with vane type centrifugal pumps such as the ones made by Vickers, Incorporated (21), but other types of centrifugals may also be used. The Watson-Stlllman Company's (22) die-casting machines are used as individualized units equipped with Oilgear piston type pumps made by The Oilgear Company (15) Aroclor 1248 is suggested as a noncombustible hydraulic fluid for installations of this type. In most instances, the normal operating temperature of the hydraulic fluid is within the range of 80*-l20F. and this temperature may or may not be controlled by Jaoketed water coolers, depending on the spe cific design of the die-casting machine. Most of these machines use 60-200 gallons of the hydraulic fluid and operate at pressures ranging as high as 1,000-3,000 p.s.l. ' NVF 003205 WATER PCB-SD0000074739 III. CENTRALIZED DIE-CASTING SYSTEMS Aroclor 1248 has been In continuous satisfactory use for a number of years In centralized die-casting systems consisting of batteries of the machines connected to a central tank of the Aroclor hydraulic fluid. These systems are usually equipped with piston type pumps such as made by The Ollgear Company and have an accumulater In the line to maintain smooth operation. Such centralized systems may operate with 2,000 gallons, or even more, of Aroclor 1248. Systems of this type using Aroclor 1248 and Ollgear pumps have been in continuous service for a number of years with apparently satisfactory performance. IV. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OP AROCLOR 1248 The physical properties of Aroclor 1248 are listed below with similar constants for Aroclor 1254. The reason for including Aroclor 1254 is that in some instances, especially for viscosity considerations, i't may be desirable to blend small portions of Aroclor 1254 with Aroclor 1248. Por more complete data about the low vapor pressure of Aroclors, their low vaporization rates, their viscosity ranges, their noncorrosive properties, high order of stability to heat and corrosive influences, as well as other pertinent qualities, please refer to Monsanto Techni cal Bulletin No. P-115 entitled, "The Aroclors" (14 bibliography reference). TABLE I. Outline of Physical Properties Aroclor 1248 Aroclor 1254 Form Yellow tinted mobile oil Light yellow viscous oil Color--APHA 100 Max. 100 Max. Acidity--Maximum (mgm. KOH/Ora.) 0.015 0.015 Average Coefficient of Expansion - cc/cc/*C. 0.00070 (25*-65*C.) o .00066 (25-65C.) Density- Specific Gravity 25*/25*C. (77V7TP.) v Pounds per Gallon 25 C. (77 F.) 1.447 to 1.457 12.08 I.538 to 1.548 12.83 3NVF 003206 WATER PCB-SD0000074740 TABLE I. (continued) Distillation Range--ASTM D-20 (Mod.) Corr. C. Vaporization Rate gma/cm hr/lOO^C Flash Point--Cleveland Open Cup c. p. Pire Point--Cleveland Open Cup c. Pour Point--ASTM D-97 c. p. Viscosity-Saybolt Universal Sec. (ASTM D-88) 210P. (98.9C. 1308P. (54.4C. 1008F. (37.8C. Absolute Viscosity-Centipoises 212F. (100C.) 122F. ( 50C.) 77P. ( 25C.) Aroclor 1248 340-375 0.000152 193-196 379-384 None -7 19.4 36-37 69-78 185-240 4.2 25 208 Aroclor 12S4 365-3909 0.000053 None None 10* 50 44-48 260-340 1800-2500 8.5 146 777 V. NONCOMBUSTIBLE QUALITIES OP AROCLOR 1248 PLASH POINT. Limitations of this test for the prediction of the fire hazard of relatively nonvolatile organic fluids have been recognized by the ASTM committee (l). FIRE POINT is a more significant measurement. The National Board of Pire Underwriters Laboratories (20) concur that fire tests more truly reflect the (lack of) fire hazard of Aroclor. . SPONTANEOUS IGNITION TEMPERATURE. The combustion resisting qualities of Aroclor 1248 are indicated by its high spontaneous ignition tempera ture of 704*C. (1,299F.) determined by Sullivan, Wolfe and Zisman (19), using the convenient apparatus described by Sortman, Beatty and Heron (18). Under industrial use conditions the spontaneous ignition temperature will be determined by factors including the nature of the hot surface, the amount of liquid lmplgnlng on it, the volume of enclosed space, and the ventilation. In this connection, we wish to refer to an 4. NVF 003207 WATER PCB-SD0000074741 observation concerning the use of Aroclor 1248 as a noncombustible heat transfer medium in Aroclor heating systems. An accidental failure in one of our Aroclor heating systems demonstrated the nonflammability of Aroclor 1248 and its freedom from the hazard of fire propagation. An operator's failure to start the circulation of the heat-transfer medium when the gas heater was on resulted in excessive coll tempera tures, causing the lower coil (steel) to soften and sag into the fire chamber. A weld ruptured and Aroclor 1248 poured into the red hot fire chamber in contact with the flame. Smoke arose from the heater but there was no internal fire. After the gas flame was cut off, the smok ing stopped. SPRAY FLAMMABILITY. When a line ruptures in a die-casting system where the hydraulic fluid is under relatively high pressure, a spray or mist prevails. The possible fire hazard of Aroclor 1248 under these con ditions requires considerations not covered by the foregoing discussion relative to the material in the liquid form. In their comprehensive study, "Flammability of Higher Boiling Liquids and Their Mists", Sulliv Wolfe and Zisman determined the spray flammability limit of numerous materials in accordance with the percentage of oxygen required for com bustion. This value was then correlated with the results of incendiary firing tests of the fluid conducted at the Naval Proving around, Dahigren, Virginia. The per cent oxygen requirement for Aroclor 1248 combustion in the spray flammability limit studies was established at 64. It was observed that fluids requiring over 45-50# of oxygen in the 3pray test failed to cause a fire in the Incendiary test. These results firmly establish the nonflammable and noncombustible qualities of Aroclor 1248. Moreover, these results on spray flammability studies seem most pertinent since they reflect conditions prevailing in the case of pressurized systems such as used in metal die-casting. There fore, we are taking the liberty of presenting the data in the following Table II as taken from the publication by Sullivan, Wolfe and Zisman to compare this highly significant spray flammability rating given to selected chlorinated hydrocarbons, organic phosphates, etc. Benzene and a petroleum oil are included for comparison purposes. NVF 003208 WATER PCB-SD0000074742 TABLE XI. Flammability of Certain Higher Bolling Liquids and Their Mlata Fluid Viscosity Plash Pt. Ca . at (COC) (1) 100F. F. Naval Ordnance hydraulic oil O.S. 1113 41.8 Benzene 0.58 Chlorobenzene 0.5? o-Dichlorobenzene 0.84 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene 1.1 Trichlorodlphenyl (Aroclor 1242) 17.7 315 12 90 165 260 350 Fire Pt. (COC) (1) P. 340 - - None 633 S .1 .T.(2) F. 505 1295 _.. - >1000 1230 Spray Flamma bility Limit t Oxvjien 14 12 14 20 44 45 AROCLOR 1248 (Tetra- chlorodiphenyl) 45.4 380 None 1300 64 Diphenyl ether 2.6 Chlorodiphenyl ether 3.0 D1chlorodiphenyl ether 4.9 Trichlorodlphenyl ether 8.7 Trimethyl phosphate Tributyl phosphate 2.6 Trioctyl phosphate 8.1 Trioresyl phosphate 29 Hexamethyl tetra- phosphate 38.3 Tetrabutyl pyro- phospharte 8.9 Diootylphenyl phosphonate 11.5 Diphenyl mono (p-tert- butyl phenyl) phos- phate 40.3 Dl-(o-chlorophenyl) monophenyl phosphate 34.3 265 260 300 325 225 285 380 500 >510 465 435 465 510 275 335 465 4901 245 370 465 685 None 720 480 720 >760 _ - - - 903 - 680 1170 920 845 630 1076 1296 11 27 33 42 47 27 13 19 31 14 21 12 21 (1) Cleveland Open Cup (2) Spontaneous Ignition temperature In light of the importance of spray flammability aa demonstrated to be the moat significant determination of the noncombustible qualities of higher boiling fluids and their mists, it is indeed Interesting to note the lack of correlation between this value and other constants, such aB, 6. NVF 003209 WATER PCB-SD0000074743 flash point, fire point and especially the spontaneous ignition tempera ture . VI. -RESISTANCE OP STRUCTURAL MATERIALS TO AROCLOR 1248 The noncorrosive qualities of Aroclor 1248 and the strong resistance of structural materials to Aroclor 1248 are highly important factors In the practical use of Aroclor as a hydraulic medium in die-casting sys tems. The following Table III indicates the resistance of structural materials to Aroclors 1248 and 1254. TABLE III. Resistance of Structural Materials To Aroclors 1248 and 1254 - Metals 1248 2^C. 125*0 . . 1254 25dC. 12^ Aluminum Copper Magnesium Nickel Silver Tin Zinc Mild Steel Phosphor Bronze Red Brass Stainless Steel Yellow Brass RRR R RDR D RR R R R RR R R RR RRRR RRR R RRRR RR R RR RR RDR R DDR D RR RR RR RR R Re R De RR--Excellent reslBtance--less than 1.0 x 10^ cm/day penetration or 0.00014 in/yr. 66 R --Good resistance--has penetration between 1.0 x 10 and 10 x 10 cm/day or between 0.00014 and 0.0014 in/yr. /- D --Doub-tful resistance--has penetration between 10 x 10 cm/day and 100 x 10 cm/day or between 0.0014 and 0.014 in/yr. e --Following the letter indicating resistance signifies material may be better than indicated if totally immersed since weight loss is believed to come from oxidation of the part of test strip exposed to air. NVF 003210 WATER PCB-SD0000074744 VII. PACKINO MATERIALS AND (JASKETS SUITABLE FOR USE WITH AROCLOR 1248 IN DIE-CASTING SYSTEMS Results of accelerated laboratory tests show that Hycar P. Koroseal, Perbunan, Neoprene and various other "rubbers" are softened by Aroclora. especially at elevated temperatures. Accordingly, questions arise about the use of these materials for gaskets on dle-castlng machines using Aroclor. However, from practical experience In the operation of die-oastlng machines, it has been noted that fittings, such as the ball Joints made by Chlksan Tool Company (3). containing a small Neoprene gasket have given very good service under long continuous use when Installed in die-casting systems operated with Aroclor. Also, Neoprene lined, metalized, flexible tubes used on the return lines of the dlecastlng machines appear to give good service with Aroclor. In some instances it appears almost necessary to use flexible tubes, especially on the return lines of the die-casting machines. If possible to do so, it would seem desirable to use rigid lines fitted with ball Joints such as made by Chlksan or Barco Swivel Joints (2). For pipe connection, welded Joints are not necessary but in the case of welded flange connections, these may be satisfactorily gasketed by the use of a thin sheet of aluminum. Various packing materials suitable for use with Aroclor at elevated temperatures include Oarlock Packing Company's (8) #7021, 1/8 inch asbestos fiber sheet for flange connec tions. Oarlock's #117 braided packing is used in valves and Oarlock #234 packing is used for pumps; also, Oarlock #431 and Chevron 7050-C materials are suitable packings. Likewise. Durametalllc (6) spiral asbestos fiber may be used. Doubtless, Johns-Manville Corp. (12) and others have comparable packing materials which would be suitable. In all instances, when ordering packing, it should be Indicated to the supplier that the material is intended for use with Aroclor 1248. Teflon, duPont's (7) polytetrafluroethylene, is not attacked by hot Aroclor (130#C.) and is to be recommended as a gasket material. Thioko is not attacked by Aroclors at ordinary temperatures and especially Thlokol I605-A appears of interest for use with Aroclors in die-casting systems. The maximum temperature ranges at which Thlokol is suitable are indicated as follows: Thlokol Type A - 150-2008F. max. Thlokol Type FA - 150-200F. max. Thlokol Type ST - 250-300F. max. Dow Coming's (5) Silastic, Silicone 180 is very resistant to hot Aroclor and use of thiB material is suggested. The changes in proper ties of Silicone 180 when immersed in hot Aroclor for 70 hours at 1508C. are summarized as follows: NVF 003211 WATER PCB-SD0000074745 1. Lowering of the hardness by about 20 points. 2. Improvement in the elasticity by several points. 3. Practically no change In tensile strength. 4. An appreciable increase in the ultimate elongation. Other types of packing materials recommended by the manufacturer for use in Aroclor installations include the following Palmetto (16) pack ings: Hydraulic Service (Normal Temperatures) Rod packing U Ring packing Flange packing Kup packing Sheet packing St gaskets - Palmetto Pyramid Packing #2510 - Palmetto U Ring Packing #2610 - Palmetto Flange Packing #2810 - Palmetto Kup Packing #2710 - Palmetto Hi-4 Sheet Packing #2910. Heat-Transfer Service Rod packing - Palmetto High Pressure Packing #2200 Sheet packing St gaskets - Palmetto Hi-4 Sheet Packing #2910 With reference to the manufacturer and also the user of die-casting equipment, it is highly advantageous if the same packing materials generally used with oil can be used also with Aroclor 1248. In this connection, in the case of The Oilgear Company hydraulic equipment, it is noted that suoh paokings as Thiokol, which is used for gaskets, and Oarlock #431, which is used as ram packings on most Oilgear equip ment, can be used either with oil or with Aroclor 1248. Vickers, Incorporated advise that all packing materials will have to be other than those normally used for petroleum base fluids to prevent rapid deterioration, and these are available through Vickers, Incorpore for their own equipment, or many of the suppliers of standard sealing elements. VIII. LUBRICATION Aroolor 1248 has lubricating properties and is used in die-casting systems most frequently without the addition of added lubricants. However, in the case of piston type pumps where high lubricity is a requirement, sometimes the practice is to add not more than of a hi. lubricity oil to the Aroclor. Oils of this type in use are DTE medium heavy high lubricity oil and Pennsylvania Refining Company's (17) #90 VI light stock oil. Other similar oils are available for this purpose 9. NVF 003212 WATER PCB-SD0000074746 A roc lor 1248 la recognized In the Industry as an EP lubricant and Its heavy load carrying quality without seizure Is reflected by tests made with a hydraulic fluid containing a substantial proportion of Aroclor. The data pertains to results with an Almen test machine. During the standard tost, the hydraulic fluid carried the full 30-pound load nor mally used as maximum on the Almen test. The torque at maximum load passed, average of 2 runs, was found to be 28.5 for the hydraulic fluid bull on Aroclor as compared with a value of 14.0 for SAE 10 motor oil. IX. VISCOSITY The viscosity of Aroclor 1248 seems to be within the range required In the normal operation of many industrial pumps and hydraulic equipment. As previously Indicated, the viscosity of Aroclor 1248 can be increased by the addition of Aroclor 1254. In light of the influence of tempera ture on the viscosity of Aroclor, this factor should be given considers tion with reference to the operation of the pumps or hydraulic system in which Aroclor is used. As a general Indication of the viscosity requirements for different types of pumps, Vickers, Incorporated specifies the following for use with its pumps: Industrial Machinery Installations (Ambient Temperatux'e 50 *P. to 90* P.") Type of Installation Oil Viscosity Vane Type Pumps Machine tools operating at 150-225 S.S.U. pressures up to 1000 p.s.l 100F. Presses and other heavy machinery 275-315 S.S.U. @ 100F. Piston Type Pumps All industrial machinery 275-315 S.S.U. @ 100F. Piston Type and Gear Type Fluid Motors All industrial machinery 150-315 S.S.U. <9.1008F. Vickers recommends that the oil temperatures in the hydraulic circuit should be maintained between 60 and 1308F. If, for reasons of non operation for extended periods, the temperature drops below 60 P., thn fluid should be warmed to that temperature before starting operations. NVF 003213 10. WATER PCB-SD0000074747 Coolers should be provided to prevent temperatures in excess of 1309F., which will comply with the temperatures demanded by the Joint Industry' Conference Hydraulic Standards, and should also avoid the necessity of having to use vent ducks from any open or semi-open reservoir. Referring to the fact that the specific gravity of Aroclor 1248 is greater than the similar value of average petroleum base fluids used, inlet conditions to pumps should be carefully scrutinized to insure the absence of cavitation. X. FILTRATION It seems prudent to maintain clean oil regardless of the specific hydraulic fluid used in die-casting systems. Small particles of dirt, metal chips and sand from the castings seem to work their way into the hydraulic fluid whether the installation is a new one or one that has been in service for many years. Aroclor 1248 has a tendency to suspend such impurities. Although it is not always practiced, neverthelese, it seems important to provide adequate filtration so that abrasive particles are removed from the system and the Aroclor 1248 is kept clean. Many die-casting machines are equipped with internal fine mesh wire screens. These filters are suitable for removing the larger particles, but to keep the Aroclorin a satisfactorily clean condition, the recom mendation is to filter the Aroclor through a bed of suitably processed granular Fuller's earth. There are available a number of satisfactory filtering mechanisms or oil purifiers which may be used continuously or intermittently. Probably one of these filters available as a con venient portable model would be the most economical as it could be used to clean the oil in a number of die-casting machines. Ab one example of a supplier of such equipment, we wish to refer to the Honan-Crane Corporation (10). XI. DERMATOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY Results of standard skin patch tests using over 100 individuals show that Aroclor 1254 is neither a skin irritant nor a skin sensitizer (14). We would expect that these results would serve to indicate that Aroclor 1248, which is only slightly lower in chlorine content than Aroclor 1254, is also neither a skin irritant nor a skin sensitizer. Although the vapor pressure of Aroclor 1248 is quite low and for all practical purposes the material is nonvolatile, nevertheless, when Aroclors are heated to elevated temperatures, vapors arise and these vapors bear a degree of toxicity and should not be breathed. This 11. NVF 003214 WATER PCB-SD0000074748 consideration Is, of course, minimized in the case of using Aroclor 1248 in die-casting'systems, which are necessarily thoroughly enclosed to prevent even the smallest kind of a leak, and the operating tempera ture is relatively low since practical operation never exceeds about 140F. Aroclor 1248 has been used for over ten years in individualized and centralized`die-casting systems with '?mplete freedom from any trouble or fear of any toxic effects. If Aroclor 1248 comes in contact with the worker's skin, the skin should be washed in an ordinary manner with soap and water. If the Aroclor is sufficiently hot so as to cause a burn when in contact with the skin, the burn should be treated in the same manner as any ordinary burn. Aroclor adhering to the burned area need not be removed immediately unless treatment of the burn demands it, in which case soap and water or repeated washings with a vegetable oil is recommended. MONSANTO CHEMICAL COMPANY St. Louis 4, Mo. Non; York-Chicago-Boston-Birmi ngham-Char lot to-Clnc.innati-C level and Detroit-Philadelphia-Loo Angeleo-3an Francisco-Montreal PGM:MAO 2M NVF 003215 \O WATER PCB-SD0000074749 BIBLIOGRAPHY (1) Am. Soo. Testing Materials, Proc. Am. Soc. Testing Materials, 34, 53(1934). (2) Barco Manufacturing Co., 1801-15 Winnemac Ave., Chicago, Illinois. (3) Chlksan Tool Company, Brea, California. (4) Cleveland Automatic Machine Co., 4900 Beech Street. Cincinnati 12, Ohio. (5) Dow Corning Corp., 592 Saginaw Road, Midland, Michigan. (6) Durametallic Corp., 1936 Hall Street, Kalamazoo 24-f. Michigan. (7) E. I. duPont de Nemours & Co., Inc., Wilmington 98, Delaware. (8) Oarlock Packing Company, 250 Main Street, Palmyra, New York. (9) H. L. Harvill Mfg. Co., Harvlll Building, Corona, California. (10) Honan-Crane Corporation, Lebanon, Indiana. (n) The Hydraulic Press Mfg. Co., 830 Marion Road, Mount Qilead, Ohio (12) Johns-Manville, 22 East 40th Street, New York 16, New York. (13) Lester Engineering Co., 2711 Church Street, Cleveland 13. Ohio. (14) Monsanto Chemical Co. Technical Bulletin No. P-115, "The Aroclors (15) The Oilgear Company, 1560 W. Pierce St., Milwaukee 4, Wisconsin. (16) Palmetto packings made by Qreene, Tweed St Co., N. Wales, Penna. (17) Pennsylvania Refining Company, 2686 Lisbon Ave., Cleveland, Ohio. (18) Sortman, C., Beatty, H., and Heron, S., Ind. Eng. Chem., 33, 357 (1941). (19) Sullivan, M. V., Wolfe, J. K., and Zisman, W. A., Ind. Eng. Chem., 39, 1607 (1947). (20) Underwritors' Laboratories, "Miscellaneous Hazards No. 2498", Chicago, Illinois, 1934. (21) Vickers, Incorporated, 1402 Oakman Blvd., Detroit 32, Michigan. (22) The Watson-3tlliman Co., 109 Aldene Road, Roselle, New Jersey. 13* NVF 003216 WATER PCB-SD0000074750 --/ Monsanto Chemicals- Plastics __V4__ AROCLOR* A NONFLAMMABLE HYDRAULIC FLUID FOR DIE-CASTINO SYSTEMS Monsanto Technical Bulletin No. P-137 May 1, 1950 (Supersedes March 28, 1949) Monsanto Chemical Company St. Louis 4, Mo. Aroclor 1248, chlorinated biphenyl, the safe and economical organic hydraulic fluid for metal die casting systems, eliminates the constant threat of serious fire hazard associated with the use of com bustible hydraulic fluids in the die-casting industry. This safe and economical hydraulio fluid has been in continuous satisfactory use in individualized die-casting units for about ten years and in central ized systems for the past two years. #* Reg.U.S.Pat.Off. NVF 003217 Tte* Mtatmadefl m4 Us We WlMls l. ew heel enewledte. we iN ere welt, uaieeilewe we frttiH HHw4 |uee*i#e, iWh the el wee we *ey*"4 ** The Measures Ch*"H*e rMMt dteeleMae M ItetllHv kwwted \n eeaaetMea with <he viee *4 iheee 4ms m iwIMUcm. fwihefwwire, eeMetaed heel* ihelf he eenewued ee d leeeweasarfelle# te wee ear jweduet *enu-f nh Hiailw e*eenf an* *e(eflel w He use. -- -^Tr-t' " *- . w 1 ii.<M :ibiWP.* WATER PCB-SD0000074751 I. INTRODUCTION Aroolor 1248, chlorinated biphenyl, the safe and economical organic hydraulic fluid for metal die-casting systems, eliminates the constant threat of serious fire hazard associated with the use of combustible hydraullo fluids in the die-casting industry. There are not many available noncombustible organic fluids and only very few possess the over-all physical requirements of hydraulic fluids for die-'oasting systems. Notwithstanding the possibility of sustaining costly fire damage when using relatively Inexpensive petroleum oils, the economics involved in replacing petroleum oils with the more expensive nonoombustible organic hydraulic fluids is an important factor to the industry. In this connection, it is important to emphasize that Aroclor 1248 appears to be substantially less expensive than the few other available noncombustible organic hydraulic fluids for this purpose. Aroclor 1248 has been used successfully in die-casting machines for many years and satisfactory continuous servioe records on Aroclor 1248 ex tend beyond ten years. It is used throughout the industry as widespread and leading die-casters have Installed Aroclor 1248 to replace combus tible oils and also to replace other noncombustible organic fluids, beoause of the demonstrated good performance obtainable with Aroclor 1248 and because of its lower initial cost and lower "make-up" require ments in the system. II. INDIVIDUALIZED DIE-CASTING SYSTEMS Aroolor 1248 has been used continuously for many years in individualized die-casting units using machines built by Lester Engineering Company (13), The Hydraulic Press Mfg. Co. (11), H. L. Harvlll Mfg. Co. (9), and the Cleveland Automatic Machine Co. (4), as well as excellent home built" units. Frequently, these machines are equipped with vane type centrifugal pumps such as the ones made by Vickers, Incorporated (21), but other types of centrifugals may also be used. The Watson-Stillman Company's (22) die-casting machines are used as individualized units equipped with Oilgear piston type pumps made by The Oilgear Company (15). Aroclor 1248 is suggested as a noncombustible hydraulic fluid for installations of this type. In most instances, the normal operating temperature of the hydraulic fluid is within the range of 80*-1209P. and this temperature may or may not be controlled by Jacketed water coolers, depending on the spe cific design of the die-casting machine. Most of these machines use 60-200 gallons of the hydraullo fluid and operate at pressures ranging as high as 1,000-3,000 p.s.i. NVF 003218 2. WATER PCB-SD0000074752 III. CENTRALIZED DIE-CASTINO SYSTEMS Aroclor 1248 has been In continuous satisfactory use for a number of years In centralized dle-castlng systems consisting of batteries of the machines connected to a central tank of the Aroclor hydraulic fluid. These systems are usually equipped with piston type pumps such as made by The Oilgear Company and have an accumulater in the line to maintain smooth operation. Such centralized systems may operate with 2,000 gallons, or even more, of Aroclor 1248, Systems of this type using Aroclor 1248 and Oilgear pumps have been in continuous service for a number of years with apparently satisfactory performance. 17. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF AROCLOR 1248 The physical properties of Aroclor 1248 are listed below with similar constants for Aroclor 1254. The reason for Including Aroclor 1254 is that in some instances, especially for viscosity considerations, it may be desirable to blend small portions of Aroclor 1254 with Aroclor 1248. For more complete data about the low vapor pressure of Aroclors, their low vaporization rates, their viscosity ranges, their noncorrosive properties, high order of stability to heat and corrosive influences, as well as other pertinent qualities, please refer to Monsanto Techni cal Bulletin No. P-115 entitled, "The Aroclors" (14 bibliography reference). TABLE I; Outline of Physical Properties Aroclor 1248 Aroclor 1254 Form Yellow tinted mobile oil Light yellow viscous oil C9lor--APHA 100 Max. 100 Max. Acidity--Maximum (mgm. KOH/Ora.) 0.015 0.015 Average Coefficient of Expansion - cc/cc/*C. 0 .00070 (25-65C.) 0.00066 (25-65c;) Density-- Specific Gravity 25*/25C. (77*/77p.) Pounds per Gallonm 2oc5Cc . (In7n7F.) 1.447 to 1.457 12.08 1.538 to 1.54 12.83 NVF 003219 3. WATER PCB-SD0000074753 TABLE I. (continued) Distillation Range--ASTM D-20 (Mod.) Corr. C. Aroclor 1248 340-375 Aroclor 1,2^4 365-890o Vaporization Rate gms/cm2hr/100C. Plash Point--Cleveland Open Cup C. P. 0.000152 193-196" 379-3848 0.000053 None Fire Point--Cleveland Open Cup C. None None Pour Point--ASTM D-97 C. -7 P. 19.4 10 50 - Visooslty--Saybolt Universal Sec. (ASTM D-88) 210 F. 98.9C.) 130P. (54.49C.) 1008F. (37.8C.) 36-37 69-78 185-240 44-48 260-340 1800-2500 Absolute Viscosity--Centlpoises 212 F. (ldO*C.) 122F. 50#C.) 77P. ( 25C.) 4.2 25 208 8.5 146 777 V. NONCOMBUSTIBLE QUALITIES OP AROCLOR 1248 PLASH POINT. Limitations of this test for the prediction of the fire hazard of relatively nonvolatile organic fluids have been recognized by the ASTM committee (l). FIRE POINT Is a more significant measurement. The National Board of Fire Underwriters Laboratories (20) concur that fire tests more truly reflect the (iaok of) fire hazard of Aroclor. SPONTANEOUS IGNITION TEMPERATURE. The oombustion resisting qualities of Aroclor 1248 are indicated by its high spontaneous ignition tempera ture of 704*C. (1,299#P.) determined by Sullivan, Wolfe and Zisman (19), using the convenient apparatus described by Sortman, Beatty and Heron (18). Under industrial use conditions the spontaneous ignition temperature will be determined by factors including the nature of the hot surface, the amount of liquid Impinging on it, the volume of enclosed space, and the ventilation. In this connection, we wiBh to refer to an WATER PCB-SD0000074754 observation concerning the use of Aroclor 1248 as a noncombustible heattransfer medium in Aroclor heating systems. An accidental failure In one of our Aroclor heating systems demonstrated the nonflammability of Aroclor 1248 and its freedom from the hazard of fire propagation. An operator's failure to start the circulation of the heat-transfer medium when the gas heater was on resulted In excessive coil tempera tures, causing the lower coil (steel) to soften and sag Into the fire chamber. A weld ruptured and Aroclor 1248 poured into the red hot fire chamber In contact with the flame. Smoke arose from the heater but there was no internal fire. After the gas flame was cut off, the smok ing stopped. SPRAY FLAMMABILITY. When a line ruptures in a die-casting system where the hydraulic fluid is under relatively high pressure, a spray or mist prevails. The possible fire hazard of Aroclor 1248 under these con ditions requires considerations not covered by the foregoing discussions relative to the material in the liquid form. In their comprehensive study, "Flammability of Higher Boiling Liquids and Their Mists", Sullivan, Wolfe and Zisman determined the spray flammability limit of numerous materials in accordance with the percentage of oxygen required for com bustion. This value was then correlated with the results of incendiary firing tests of the fluid conducted at the Naval Proving Ground, Dahlgren, Virginia. The per cent oxygen requirement for Aroclor 1248 combustion in the spray flammability limit studies was established at 64$. It was observed that fluids requiring over 45-50# of oxygen in the spray test failed to cause a fire in the incendiary test. These results, firmly establish the nonflammable and noncombustible qualities of Aroclor 1248. Moreover, these results on spray flammability studies seem most pertinent since they reflect conditions prevailing in the case of pressurized systems such as UBed in metal die-casting. There fore, we are taking the liberty of presenting the data in the following Table II as taken from the publication by Sullivan, Wolfe and Zisman to compare this highly significant spray flammability rating given to selected chlorinated hydrocarbons, organic phosphates, etc. Benzene and a petroleum oil are included for comparison purposes. NVF 003221 5. WATER PCB-SD0000074755 Fluid Naval Ordnance hydraulic oil O.S. 1113 Benzene Chlorobenzene o-Dichlorobenzene 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene Trichlorodiphenyl (Aroclor 1242) AROCLOR 1248 (Tetrachlorodlphenyl) Liquid. and-Their Mists Viscosity Flash Pt. Fire Pt. Cs. at (COCJ (1) (coc) (1) 100F. F . _ 41.8 0.58 0.5? 0.84 1.1 17.7 45.4 315 12 90 165 260 350 380 340 - None 633 None S .1 ,T . (2) F. Spray FI amnia billty Limit 0 x v or e r. 505 1295 -. >1000 1230 1300 14 12 14 29 44 45 .64 Diphenyl ether Chlorodiphenyi ether Dlohlorodiphenyl ether Trichlorodiphenyl ether Trimethyl phosphate Tributyi phosphate Trlootyl phosphate Tricresyl phosphate Hexamethyl tetra- phosphate Tetrabutyl pyrophosphate Dloctylphenyl phosphonate Diphenyl mono (p-tert- butyl phenyl) phos phate Di-(o-chiorophenyi) monophenyl phosphate. 2.6 3- 4.9 8.7 - 2.6 8.1 29 38.3 8.9 11.5 40.3 34.3 265 260 300 325 225 285 380 500 >510 465 435 465 510 lil Cleveland Open Cup Spontaneous Ignition temperature 275 335 465 4901 245 370 465 685 None 720 480 720 >760 - - 903 680 1170 920 845 630 1076 1296 11 27 33 42 47 27 13 19 31 14 21 12 21 In light of the importance of spray flammability as demonstrated to be the most significant determination of the noncombustible qualities of higher boiling fluids and their mists, it is indeed interesting to note the lack of correlation between this value and other constants, such as NVF 003222 6. WATER PCB-SD0000074756 flash point, fire point and especially the spontaneous Ignition tempera ture . VI.- RESISTANCE OP STRUCTURAL MATERIALS TO AROCLOR 1248 The noncorrosive qualities of Aroclor 1248 and the strong resistance of structural materials to Aroclor 1248 are highly important factors in the practical use of Aroclor as a hydraulic medium in die-casting sys tems. The following Table III Indicates the resistance of structural materials to Aroclors 1248 and 1254. TABLE III. Resistance of Structural Materials To Aroclors..1248 and 1254 . 1248 ro Oa 1254 2al&i 125C. Aluminum Copper Magnesium Nickel Silver Tin Zinc Mild Steel Phosphor Bronze Red Brass Stainless Steel Yellow Brass RR RD RR R RR R RR RR RR RR R RD DD RR RR R Re R R R R R R. R RR R R RR R R D R RR R R R RR R D RR De RR--Excellent resistance- -less' than 1.0 x 10^ cm/day penetration or 0.00014 in/yr. cc R -- Good resistance--has penetration between 1.0 x 10 and 10 x 10 cm/day or between 0.00014 and 0.0014 in/yr. D --Doubtful reistance--has penetration between 10 x 10 cm/day and 100 x 10 cm/day or between 0.0014 and 0.014 in/yr. e --Following the letter indicating resistance signifies material may be better than indicated if totally immersed since weight loss is believed to come from oxidation of the part of test strip exposed to air. NVF 003223 7. WATER PCB-SD0000074757 VII. PACKING MATERIALS AND GASKETS SUITABLE FOR USE WITH AROCLOR 1248 IN DIE-CASTING SYSTEMS . Results of accelerated laboratory tests show that Hycar P., Koroseal, Perbunan, Neoprene and various other "rubbers" are softened by Aroclors especially at elevated temperatures. Accordingly, questions arise ' about the use of these materials for gaskets on dle-castlng machines using Aroclor. However, from practical experience in the operation of dle-castlng machines, it has been noted that fittings, such as the ball Joints made by Chiksan Tool Company (3), containing a small Neoprene gasket have given very good service under long continuous use when Installed In dle-castlng systems operated with Aroclor. Also, Neoprene lined, metalized flexible tubes used on the return lines of the dle- castlng machines appear to give good service with Aroclor. In some instances it appears almost necessary to use flexible tubes, especially on the return lines of the die-casting machines. If possible to do so, it would seem desirable to use rigid lines fitted with ball Joints such as made by Chiksan or Barco Swivel Joints (2). , For pipe connection, welded Joints are not necessary but in the case of welded flange connections, these may be satisfactorily gasketed by the use of a thin sheet of aluminum. Various packing materials suitable for use with Aroclor at elevated temperatures include Oarlock Packing Company's (8) #7021, 1/8 inch asbestos fiber sheet for flange connec tions. Oarlock's #117 braided packing ia used in valves and Oarlock #234 packing is used for pumps; also, Oarlock #431 and Chevron 7050-C materials are suitable packings. Likewise, Durametallic (6) spiral asbestos fiber may be used. Doubtless, Johns-Manville Corp. (12) and others have comparable packing materials which would be suitable. In all instances, when ordering paoking, it should be indicated to the supplier that the material is intended for use with Aroclor 1248. Teflon, duPont's (7) polytetrafluroethylene, is not attacked by hot Aroc Lor (130C.) and la to be recommended as a gasket material. Thiokol is not attacked by Aroclors at ordinary temperatures and especially Thiokol 1605-A appears of interest for use with Aroclors in die-casting systems. The maximum temperature ranges at which Thiokol is suitable are indicated as follows: Thiokol Type A - 150-200F. max. Thiokol Type FA - 150#-200*F. max. Thiokol Type ST - 250*-300F. max. Dow Coming's (5) Silastic, Silicone 180 is very resistant to hot Aroclor and use of this material is suggested. The changes in proper ties of Silicone 180 when immersed in hot Aroclor for 70 hours at 150*0. are summarized as follows: fiVF 003224 8. WATER PCB-SD0000074758 1. Lowering of the hardness by about 20 points. 2. Improvement In the elasticity by several points. 3. Practically no change In tensile strength 4. An appreciable Increase in the ultimate elongation. Other types of packing materials recommended by the manufacturer for use in Aroclor installations Include the following Palmetto (16) pack ings: Hydraulic Service (Normal Temperatures) Rod packing - Palmetto Pyramid Packing #2510 U Ring packing - Palmetto U Ring Packing #2610 Flange packing - Palmetto Flange Packing #2810 Kup packing - Palmetto Kup Packing #2710 Sheet packing & gaskets - Palmetto Hi-4 Sheet Packing #2910 . ' Heat-Transfer Service Rod packing - Palmetto High Pressure Packing #2200 Sheet packing & gaskets - Palmetto Hi-4 Sheet Packing #2910 With reference to the manufacturer and also the user of die-casting equipment, it is highly advantageous if the same packing materials generally used with oilcan be used also with Aroclor 1248. In this connection, in the case of the Oilgear Company hydraulic equipment, it is noted that such packings as Thiokol, which is used for gaskets, and Oarlock #431# which is used as ram packings on most Oilgear equip ment, can be used either with oil or with Aroclor 1248. VickerS, Incorporated advise that all packing materials will have to be other than those normally used for petroleum base fluids to prevent rapid deterioration, and these are available through Vickers, Incorporate for their own equipment, or many of the suppliers of standard sealing elements. VIII. LUBRICATION Aroolor 1248 has lubricating properties and is used in. die-casting systems most frequently without the addition of added lubricants. However, in the case of piston type pumps where high lubricity is a requirement, sometimes the practice is to add not more than 5$ of a high lubricity oil to the Aroclor. Oils of this type in use are DTE medium heavy high lubricity oil and Pennsylvania Refining Company's (17) #90 VI light stock oil. Other similar oils are available for this purpose. NVF 003225 9. WATER PCB-SD0000074759 Aroclor 1248 Is recognized In the Industry as an EP lubricant and Its heavy load carrying quality without seizure Is reflected by tests made with a hydraulic fluid containing a substantial proportion of Aroclor. The data pertains to results with an Almen test machine. During the * standard test, the hydraulic fluid carried the full 30-pound load nor mally used as maximum on the Almen test. , The torque at maximum load passed, average of 2 runs, was found to be 28.5 for the hydraulic fluid built on Aroclor as compared with a value of 14.0 for SAE 10 motor oil. IX. VISCOSITY The viscosity of Aroclor 1248 seems to be within the range required In the normal operation of many industrial pumps and hydraulic equipment. As previously indicated, the viscosity of Aroclor 1248 can be increased by the addition of Aroclor 1254. In light of the Influence of tempera ture on the viscosity of Aroclor, this factor should be given considera tion with reference to the operation of the pumps or hydraulic system in which Aroolor is used. As a general indication of the viscosity requirements for different types of pumps, Vickers, Incorporated specifies the following for use with Its pump8: Industrial Machinery Installations (Ambient Temperature 50F. to 90F.) Type of Installation Oil Viscosity Vane Type Pumps Machine tools operating at pressures up to 1000 p.s.i. 150-225 S.S.U. @ 100F. Presses and other heavy machinery 275-315 S.S.U. 9 100P. Piston Type Pumps All industrial machinery 275-315 S.S.U. 9 100P. Piston Type and Oear Type Fluid Motors All industrial machinery 150-315 S.S.U. 9 100F. Vickers recommends that the oil temperatures in the hydraulic circuit should be maintained between 60 and 130F. . If, for reasons of non operation for extended periods, the temperature drops below 60F., the fluid should be warmed to that temperature before starting operations. NVF 003226 10. WATER PCB-SD0000074760 Coolers Bhould be provided to prevent temperatures In excess of 130?., which will comply with the temperatures demanded by the Joint Industry . Conference Hydraulic Standards, and should also avoid the necessity of having to use vent ducts from any open or semi-open reservoir. Referring to the fact that the specific gravity of Aroclor 1248 is greater than the similar value of average petroleum base fluids used, inlet conditions to pumps should be carefully scrutinized to insure the absence of cavitation. X. FILTRATION It seems prudent to maintain clean oil regardless of the specific hydraulic fluid used in die-casting systems. Small particles of dirt metal chips and sand from the castings seem to work their way into the hydraulic fluid whether the installation is a new one or one that has been in service for many years. Aroclor 1248 has a tendency to suspend such impurities. Although it is not always practiced, nevertheless, it seems important to provide adequate filtration so that abrasive particles are removed from the system and the Aroclor 1248 is kept clean. Many die-oasting machines are equipped with internal fine mesh wire screens. These filters are suitable for removing the larger particles but to keep the Aroolor in a satisfactory clean condition, the recom mendation is to filter the Aroclor through a bed of suitably processed granular Fuller's earth. There are available a number of satisfactory filtering mechanisms or oil purifiers which may be used continuously or intermittently. Probably one of these filters available as a con venient portable model would be the most economical as it could be used to clean the oil in a number of die-casting machines. Ab one example of a supplier of such equipment, we wish to refer to the Honan-Crane Corporation (10). _ XI. DERMATOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY Results of standard skin patch tests using over 100 individuals show that Aroclor 1254 is neither a skin irritant nor a skin sensitizer (14). We would expeot that these results would serve to indicate that Aroclor 1248, which is only slightly lower in chlorine content than Aroclor 1254, is also neither a skin irritant nor a skin sensitizer. Although the vapor pressure of Aroclor 1248 is quite low and for all practical purposes the material is nonvolatile, nevertheless, when Aroolors are heated to elevated temperatures, vapors arise and these vapor* bear a degree of toxicity and should not be breathed. This NVF 003227 WATER PCB-SD0000074761 consideration Is, of.course, minimized in the case of using Aroclor 1248 in die-casting systems, which are necessarily thoroughly enclosed to prevent even the smallest ture is relatively low since kind of a practical leak, and operation the operating never exceeds temperaabout 1409P. Aroclor 1249 has been used for over ten years in individualized and centralized die-casting systems with complete freedom from any trouble or fear of any toxic effects. If Aroolor 1248 comes in contact with the worker's skin, the skin should be washed in an ordinary manner with soap and water. If the Aroclor is sufficiently hot so as to cause a burn when in contact with the skin, the burn should be treated in the same manner as any ordinary burn. Aroclor adhering to the burned area need not be removed immediately unless treatment of the burn demands it, in which case soap and water or repeated washings with a vegetable oil is reoommended. . *** * MONSANTO CHEMICAL COMPANY St. Louis 4, Mo. New York-Chicago-Boston-Birmingham-Charlotfce-Cincinnati-Cleveland Detroit-Phll&delphla-Los Angeles-San Franclsco-Montreal POB:ag M-550 Rev* Printed in U,S.A. N.VF 003228 12. WATER PCB-SD0000074762 aiBLl.09R.APHY (1) Am. Soo. Testing Materials, Proo. Aw. 3oo. Testing Materials. 34 53 (1934). (2) Barco Manufacturing Co., 1801-15 Winnemao Ave., Chicago, Illinois. (3) Chiksan Tool Company, Brea, California. (4) Cleveland Automatic Machine Co., 4900 Beech Street, Cincinnati 12, Ohio. . (5) Dow Coming Corp., 592 Saginaw Road, Midland, Michigan. (6) Durametallio Corp., 1936 Hall Street, Kalamazoo 24-F, Michigan. (7) E. I. duPont de Nemours 4 Co., Inc., Wilmington 98, Delaware. (8) Oarlock Packing Company, 250 Main Street, Palmyra, New York. (9) H. L. Harvill Mfg. Co., Harviil Building, Corona, California. - (10) Honan-Crane Corporation, Lebanon, Indiana. (11) The Hydraulio Press Mfg. Co., 830 Marlon Road, Mount Ollead, Ohio. (12) Johns-Manvllle, 22 East 40th Street, New York 16, New York. (13) Lester Engineering Co., 2711 Church Street, Cleveland 13. Ohio. (14) Monsanto Chemical Co. Technical Bulletin No. P-115. "The Aroclors." (15) The Ollgear Company, 1560 W. Pierce St., Milwaukee 4, Wisconsin. (16) Palmetto Packings made by Oreene, Tweed * Co., N. Wales, Penna. (17) Pennsylvania Refining Company, 2686 Lisbon Ave., Cleveland, Ohio. (18) Sortman, C., Beatty, H., and Heron, S., Ind. Eng. Chem., 33. 357 (1941). (19) Sullivan, M. V., Wolfe, J. K., and Zisman, W. A., Ind. Eng. Chem., 39# 1607 (1947). (20) Underwriters' Laboratories, "Miscellaneous Hazards No. 2498", Chicago, Illinois, 1934. (21) Vlokers, Incorporated, 1402 Oakman Blvd,, Detroit 32, Michigan. (22) The Watson-Stliiman Co., 109 Aldene Road, Roselle, New Jersey. NVF 003229 WATER PCB-SD0000074763 Monsanto Chbmicals-'Plastics 003230 WATER PCB-SD0000074764 SALES SUMMARY PRODUCTS FORMULATED WITH PCB NVF CO-WILMINGTON 1954 - 1977 1954 - 1957 Sales books are incomplete for these years. 1958 - 1964 No sales found for these vears. 1965 Aroclor Dist. 1254 1966 - 1977 No sales found for these vears. 0 lbs. 0 lbs. 0 lbs. * 0 lbs. NVF 000001 * Sales for these years arc rounded off to the nearest thousand pounds. Sales less than 500 pounds are recorded as 0 pounds. WATER PCB-SD0000074765 Sales Summary -- Po- 'ds By Month (thousands) s t SALESMEN S SALES BY CUSTOMS DIRECT # 2 A GENERAL DISTRICT 8 RUBBER ACCOUNTS 4*2 PRODUCT SAUS BT CUSTOMER A TOTAL ORGANIC sales B RUBBER ACCOUNTS ONLY oo NAME OF CUSTOMER OR PRODUCT LAST YEAR SALES D-1//& & 'it& b/ST '2S-1' ' #3 DISTRICT PRODUCT SALES BY CUSTOMER A. GENERAL DISTRICT B RUBBER ACCOUNTS SALES KMtCASl KM CURMNt V(AI SAUSCUtUNI VIA! to 0AII JAN, FEB. *4 CUSTOMER SALES BY PRODUCTS A AU ORGANIC ACCOUNTS B RUBBER ACCOUNTS ONLY MAR. APR. MAY MONTH DECEMBER JUNE JULY AUG. year 1965 SEPT OCT PAGE NO 157 NOV DEC |X5|021 @507783 NVF CO WILMIN6T0N 0005| 5) I NVF 000002 WATER PCB-SD0000074766 SALES SUMMARY PRODUCTS FORMULATED WITH PCB NATIONAL VULCANIZED FIBER (NVF) - UNKNOWN LOCATION 1954 - 1977 1934 - 1937 Sales books are incomplete for these years. 1958 0 lbs. 1959 No sales found for this year. 0 lbs. 1960 Aroclor Dist. 1254 150 lbs. Aroclor Dist. 1254 Pydraul F-9 Aroclor Dist. 1248 1961 4.000 lbs. * 2.000 lbs. * 22,000 lbs. * 1962 Aroclor Dist. 1254 Pydraul F-9 Aroclor Dist. 1248 0 lbs. * 1.000 lbs. * 9.000 lbs. * 1963 Aroclor Dist. 1254 Pydraul F-9 Aroclor Dist. 1248 25,200 lbs. 59 lbs. 3,000 lbs. Aroclor Dist. 1254 Aroclor Dist. 1268 Pydraul F-9 4,800 lbs. 250 lbs. 59 lbs. 1964 Therminol FR-2 0 lbs. * 1965 - 1977 No sales found for these years. 0 lbs. Sales for these years are rounded off to the nearest thousand pounds. Sales less than 500 pounds are recorded as 0 pounds. . NVF 000003 WATER PCB-SD0000074767 FORM NO 774-0 SALES SUMMARY 2A * I SALESMEN $ SALES by customer A GENERAL DISTRICT C RUIIER ACCOUNTS 1 AGRICULTURAL 0 PLASTICS DIVISION Chemical district M /MS) flzsckfr #2 PRODUCT SALES BY CUSTOMER A TOTAL ORGANIC SALES RUBBER ACCOUNTS ONLY b/ST A7,<TY #3 DISTRICT PRODUCT SALES BY CUSTOMER A GENERAL DISTRICT C RUBIER ACCOUNTS SAILS THIS MONTH POUNDS | DOllAS # 4 CUSTOMER SALES Br PRODUCTS A AU ORGANIC ACCOUNTS B AG*<uiHj*M CnfMiCAt ACCOuNfi Omt C RUBBER ACCOUNTS ONLY SALES THIS YEAR lO DATE POUNDS | DOLLARS MONfH DEC YEAR 59 PACE NO 16* IOIAL SAILS LAST TEAS POUNDS | DOLLA8S I B 51544? 15 03 NATL VULCANIZED FIBR 50 | 20 | 150 | 59 | NVF 000004 WATER PCB-SD0000074768 FORM $ 910 Sales Summary -- Po By Month (thousands) ORG i $* SALESMEN SALES BY CUSTOMER 2 A A GENERAL DISTRICT 1 RUBBER ACCOUNTS #2 PRODUCT SALES BY CUSTOMEB A TOTAL ORGANIC SALES B RUBBER ACCOUNTS ONLY Dili LAUL CM NAME OF CUSTOMER OR PRODUCT * LAST YEAR SALES <oY /z>y<> fiaotuae- t>tsr usr- / 39 DISTRICT PRODUCT SALES BY CUSTOMER A GENERAL DISTRICT B RUBBER ACCOUNTS LAifi fORfCaLI rot CUtttNl TtAA SAtfS curmni TfAt TO OAlt. JAN. FEB. 9* CUSTOMER SALES BY PRODUCTS A. All ORGANIC ACCOUNTS t. RUBBER ACCOUNTS ONLY MAR. APR. MAY JUNE MONTH YEA* DE<^ I960 JULY AUG SEPT oci. PaGE NO 152 NOV DEC |l5j03| B|515447 NATL VULCANIZED FIBR 4I I I 1I I | 1| 1| 1| | NVF 000005 WATER PCB-SD0000074769 fOM s vto Sales Summary -- Pr *os By Month (thousands) ORu S 1 SALESMEN S SALES BY CUSTOMER 2 A A GENERAL DISTRICT R RUBBER ACCOUNTS ftl PRODUCT SALES BY CUSTOMER A TOTAL ORGANIC SALES I RUBBER ACCOUNTS ONLY 0*S1 VAUS cm /> NAME OF CUSTOMER OR PRODUCT fa t>4.AO / F? IASI YEAR SALES ff3 0ISTRICT PRODUCT SALES BY CUSTOMER A GENERAL DISTRICT B. RUBBER ACCOUNTS SaUS KWCaSI KM CUtltNl VtAI SAKS CUMLNl T|aA IO OAK iAN. FEB. #4 CUSTOMER SALES BY PRODUCTS A AU ORGANIC ACCOUNTS B RUBBER ACCOUNTS ONLY MAR. APR. MAY JUNE MONTH Die TEAR 1960 JULY AUG SEP! OCT page no utii NOV DEC llil'l'l 3|? 1l, l\ 7 NATL VULCAN 12 CD Fi.'H i rn.....r i i i NVF 000006 WATER PCB-SD0000074770 FORM SP10 Sau* Summaky -- Po '>DS By Month (thousands) ORG *1 SALESMEN S SALES BY CUSTOMER 2 A A. GENERAL OtSIRtCl B RUBBER ACCOUNTS #7 PRODUCT SALES BY CUSTOMER A TOTAL ORGANIC SAUS B. RUBBER ACCOUNTS ONLY OAl noo c NAME OF CUSTOMER OR PROOUCT - LAST YEAR SAUS // /<t>V5 =?<> 75 ts7- #3 DISTRICT PRODUO SALES RY CUSTOMER A. GENERAL DtSTttCT B. RUBBER ACCOUNTS MUi KJMCAlJ MM CUCMNt YCAI uuBCuaatM! YIAA TO OAK JAN. FEB. #4 CUSTOMER SAUS BY PRODUCTS A. ALL ORGANIC ACCOUNTS 3 RUBBER ACCOUNTS ONLY MAR Aft. MAT JUNE MONTH DEC YEAR 1960 JULY AUG. SEPT . OCT. PAGE NO 469 NOV. DEC (15p3| B|515447 NATL VULCANIZED FIBR | | | 22 14 5 NVF 000007 WATER PCB-SD0000074771 Salis Summary -- Poinds By Month (thousands) DIREC T #2 #1 SALESMEN S SALES It CUSTOMER A GENERAL DISTRICT 9 RUBBER ACCOUNTS #2 PROOUCT SALES BY CUSTOMER A TOTAL ORGANIC SALES 1 RUMEI ACCOUNTS ONLY NAME OF CUSTOMEK Ot PRODUCT LAST YEAR SALES #3 DISTRICT PRODUCT SALES *T CUSTOMER A. GENERAL OISTItCT S. RUBBER ACCOUNTS UUlfOMCAM Mi cunvsfvtAi VURSCUBttM! TtAi *0 oati JAN. FEB. #4 CUSTOMER SALES BY PRODUCTS A. ALL OBGANIC ACCOUNTS 9. RUBBER ACCOUNTS ONLY MAS. APB. MAY JUNE MONTH DEC JULY AUG. YEAR 1V62 SEPT- OCT PAGE NO 15b NOV. DEC ll ilo3l a!& 15^*4 7 NATL VULCANIZED FIBR h I 25 I 1 I 11 2| 5| 7| 2| 2 WATER PCB-SD0000074772 POIM s-no Saus Summaby -- Pof'oi By Month (thousands) JlRECItf2 oat UlA noo MOM om #1 SALESMEN S SAUS BY CUSTOMER A. GENERAL DISTRICT B CUIUS ACCOUNTS #3 PRODUCT SAUS BY CUSTOMER A. TOTAL OROANIC SAUS B. RUBBER ACCOUNTS ONLY NAME Of CUSTOMER OR PRODUCT - SB SAUS #3 DISTRICT PRODUCT SAUS BY CUSTOMER A. GENERAL DISTRICT B. RUBBER ACCOUNTS uia roBtCAi? uus cumttt BOB YlAB CUBBMTYtAl TO OATI JAN. FES. #4 CUSTOMER SAUS BY PBOOUCTS A. ALL OROANIC ACCOUNTS 8. RUBBER ACCOUNTS ONLY MAS. APR. MAY JUNE MONTH DtC JULY AUG. YEAR 1*62 SEPT. OCT. PAGE NO NOV. DEC. |la|j3| Ajbib^T NATL VULLANlZtD FibK 1 ! I | | 1 | | 1-| | | WATER PCB-SD0000074773 I fORM S-RIO Salis Summary -- Pound* By Month (thousands) 31REC T #2 OcSI UJJR MOO MAM GAP #1 SALESMEN S SALES IT CUSTOMEI A. CENEIAL CHSTIlCT 1 IUBBEI ACCOUNTS #2 PIODUCT SALES BY CUSTOMEI A TOTAL OIGANIC SALES B IUBBEI ACCOUNTS ONLY NAME OF CUSTOMER OR RRODUCT * LAST YEAI SALES *3 04STIICT PIOOUCT SALES BY CUSTOMEI A. CENEIAL DISTRICT 1. IUBBEI ACCOUNTS UU3 KMKAST KM CUAMNT TtAt SAUS CUMBNT TtAA TOOATI JAN. FEB. #4 CUSTOMEI SALES BY PIOOUCTS A. ALL OIOANIC ACCOUNTS B. IUBBEI ACCOUNTS ONLY MAR. AfR. MAY JUNE MONTH DEC JULY AUG. YEAI 1962 SERT. OCT. PACE NO 472 NOV. DEC [15P3| A|S15447 'NATL'VULCAN I ZtD FIBR | 4~] 3~| ] 'f 3^ 'J" ~] f ~p [ -y |~ // /0VA 14 A Afac/o* bur nvf 000010 WATER PCB-SD0000074774 fOKM NO 776 0 a 1 SALESMEN S SALES BY CUSTOMER DIRECT 2 aB AgGeRnIeCrUaLlTUdRisAtLrict c0 rPuLAbSbTeIrCSacDcIVoISuInOtNs Chemical district #2 PRODUCT SALES BY CUSTOMEI A. TOTAL ORGANIC SALES B BUBBEK ACCOUNTS ONLY /<??> 480 4*6 da* h/x-r /SfrrV SALES f MMARY # 3 DlSTIlCT PRODUCT SALES BY CUSTOMEB A. GENERAL DISTRICT C BUBBEK ACCOUNTS * AGcMicAoismas D ""'as owbion SAILS THIS MONTH POUNDS DOLLARS #4 CUSTOMEB SALES BY PRODUCTS A AU ORGANIC ACCOUNTS B ACItCULIVCAl aCCOUNIS OfAT C IUBBEB ACCOUNTS ONLY SALES THLS YEAR TO DATE POUNOS DOLLARS MONTH DtC TEAS 1963 pace no TOTAL SALES LAST YEAR POUNDS DOLLARS 15 02 A 515AA7 NATL VULCAN 12E0 FIdR A >800 | 1*073 | 25*200 | 5.461 NVF 000011 WATER PCB-SD0000074775 FORM NO 776 0 * 1 SALESMEN'S SALES IY CUSTOMER DIRECT 2 A GENERAL DISTRICT 8 AGRICULTURAL C 1URSER ACCOUNTS D PLASTICS DIVISION CHEMICAL DISTRICT #2 PRODUCT SALES 8Y CUSTOMER A TOTAL ORGANIC SALES 8 RU88ER ACCOUNTS ONLY /)**</* J^/jr SALES r 1MMARY #3 DISTRICT PRODUCT SALES 8Y CUSTOMER A GENERAL DISTRICT C RU88ER ACCOUNTS ' D "ASr,CSD,v's'ON SALES THIS MONTH POUNDS | DOLLARS 1 #4 CUSTOMER SALES RY PRODUCTS A. AU ORGANIC ACCOUNTS R AOttCULTUBAl CHRtfiCAL ACCOUMIi ONU C RUIRER ACCOUNTS ONLY SALES THIS YEAR TO DATE POUNDS | DOLLARS 1 MONTH DEC YEAR 1963 PAGE NO 167 TOTAL SALES LAST YEAR POUNDS | DOLLARS I 15 02 A 515AA7 NATL VULCANIZED FIBR | | 250 | 6A NVF 000012 WATER PCB-SD0000074776 FORM NO 776 0 sI SALESMENS SALES RY CUSTOMER DIRECT ? A' GENERAL DISTRICT C0 R,UURSRE,'RsAiSCC,VO'SU'NOTNS #2 RROOUCT SALES RY CUSTOMER A. . TOTAuL OaRcGcAoNuICnbSALoEhSiy 10 aa? ZyA/fAi/)/ SALES SUMMARY #3 OlSTRia PRODUCT SALES RY CUSTOMER A. GENERAL DISTRICT C. RURRER ACCOUNTS * `SSimos D 'ust,cs DIVISI0N SALES THIS MONTH POUNDS DOLLARS #4 CUSTOMER SALES BY PRODUCTS A. ALL ORGANIC ACCOUNTS AOt<UtlU*M CMlkUCAl ACCOUNT ONIT C RURRER ACCOUNTS ONLY SALES THIS YEAR TO DATE POUNDS DOLLARS MONTH DEC YEAR RAGE NO 1963 446 TOTAL SALES LAST YEAR POUNDS DOLLARS 15 02 A 515447 NATL VULCANIZED FlbR 59 | 44 | NVF 000013 II WATER PCB-SD0000074777 FORM NO 776-0 SALES S 'MMARY #1 SALESMEN S SALES *Y CUSTOMER A GENERAL DISTRICT C tDRIER ACCOUNTS DIRFCT ? R AGRICULTURAL D PLASTICS DIVISION CHEMICAL DISTRICT #2 PRODUCT SALES RY CUSTOMER A. total organic SALES a RURRER ACCOUNTS ONLY ___ if SMO AJUXICOIL- Ti/gr /JVti_________ #3 DISTRICT PROOUa SALES RY CUSTOMER A. GENERAL DISTRICT C. RURRER ACCOUNTS *?;sfcsT,,c,s kastk:s division SALES THIS MONTH POUNDS | DOLLARS #4 CUSTOMER SALES RY PRO0UCTS A. ALL ORGANIC ACCOUNTS |. AOCUTUtM CHCMUCM ACCOUNTS OMT C RURRER ACCOUNTS ONLY SALES THIS YEAS TO OATE POUNDS | DOUAtS MONTH DEC YEAR 1963 ' Page no 406 TOTAL SALES LAST YEAR POUNOS | DOUAtS 15 02 A 515447 NATL VULCANIZED FIBR | 3.000 | 670 NVF 000014 ii WATER PCB-SD0000074778 fO*M s 910 Sales Summary -- Ponds By Month (thousands) DIRECT ttk 9 I SALESMEN S SALES tY CUSTOM*! A GENERAL DISTRICT I RUIIER ACCOUNTS *2 PRODUCT SALES BY CUSTOMER BA TOTAL ORGANIC SALES RUBBER ACCOUNTS ONLY OlVI IaU\ mjktt cm NAME OF CUSTOMER OR PRODUCT - OV A0Y<> ZSA A&OC.AOG. D/sr SXS-y' LAST YEAR SALES #3 OISTRICT PRODUCT SALES BY CUSTOMER A. GENERAL DISTRICT B. RUBBER ACCOUNTS MU! tOMCASI #Ot CuntNf a was cuimni UAJ 10 0*11 JAN. FEB. #4 CUSTOMER SALES BY PIOOUCTS A AU ORGANIC ACCOUNTS B. RUBBER ACCOUNTS ONLY MAR. APR. MAY MONTH DECEMBER JUNE JULY AUC. YEAR 1964 SEPT. OCT. PAGE NO 163 NOV. DEC |lFj02| A|515447 NATL VULCANIZED FI3R 5 I 16| N\/F C ooo 5 p- WATER PCB-SD0000074779 fOIM V9I0 Sales Summary -- 9' nos By Month (thousands) DIRFCT r2 Dill SAUS OW \o4 ffl SALESMENS SALES BY CUSIOMEt A GENERAL DISTRICT RUBBER ACCOUNTS #2 PRODUCT SALES BY CUSTOMER A TOTAL ORGANIC SALES 8 RUBBER ACCOUNTS ONLY NAME OF CUSTOMER OK PRODUCT . 3-Yd) AfLoc<L&4. o/s-7 LAST YEAR SALES #3 DISTRICT PRODUCT SALES BY CUSTOMER A. GENERAL DISTRICT B RUBBER ACCOUNTS IAUS fOtfCAll KM CUM( VIA! MUS ClNMNt <tu io oak . JAN. FEB. #4 CUSTOMER SALES BY PRODUCTS A. ALL ORGANIC ACCOUNTS t RUBBER ACCOUNTS ONLY MAR. APR. MAY MONTH DECEMBER JUNE JULY AUG. YEAR 1964 SEPT. OCT. PAGE NO 174 NOV. DEC Il302j Pte, 15447 NATL VULCANIZED FIRR | | I IIIIIi I NVF 000016 WATER PCB-SD0000074780 JummMK nu di mumn llHOU&ANUS) DIRE CT 2 s 1 SALESMEN s SALES BY CUSTOMER A GfNfBAl DISTRICT B RUBBER ACCOUNTS it 7 PRODUCT SALES BY CUSTOMER A TOTAL ORGANIC SALES 0 RUBBER ACCOUNTS ONLY '*OU r.t* // /6-VO NAME OF CUSTOMER OR PRODUCT ~7~AeA/aJ eJ / A/C -2 LAST YEAR SALES #3 DISTRICT PRODUCT SALES BY CUSTOMER A GENERAL DISTRICT B RUBBER ACCOUNTS UKl tOMCAST to* cumin? Yi*i VMliCUlrtNT nAi TO 0AT( JAN FEB. * 4 CUSTOMER SALES BY PRODUCTS A All ORGANIC ACCOUNTS 8 RUBIER ACCOUNTS ONLY MAR. APR MAY MONTH DECEMBER JUNE JULY AUG YEAR 1964 SEPT OCT. PAGE NO 473 NOV DEC (i' . / 115(02) A|331B50 NATIONAL VULCANIZED FIBR | I 5| IIII NVF 000017 WATER PCB-SD0000074781 SALES SUMMARY PRODUCTS FORMULATED WITH PCT NATL VULCANIZED FIBR - UNKNOWN LOCATION 1954 - 1977 1954 - 1957 Sales books are incomplete for these years. 1958 - 1961 No sales found for these years. 1962 Aroclor 5460 High Sol 1963 - 1977 No sales found for these years. 0 lbs. 0 lbs. 100 lbs. 0 lbs. NVF 000018 WATER PCB-SD0000074782 FOftM S *10 Saus Summaiy -- Po *>* By Month (thousands) DIRECT #2 "|ss|3? *1 SALESMEN S SALES BY CUSTOMS! A. GENUAL WSTRlCT i RUBBER ACCOUNTS *2 PRODUCT SALES BY CUSTOMS! A TOTAL ORGANIC SALES S. RUBBER ACCOUNTS ONLY NAME OF CUSTOMER OR PRODUCT - UST YEAR SALES * 3 OISTlia PRODUCT SALES BY CUSTOMER a. General oisrtta b. rubber accounts UUl KMtCAlf KM Cul-- H TUI UUS CUttfNl TUI IOPATI JAN. FE1 #4 CUSTOMER SALES BY PRODUCTS A. AU OROANIC ACCOUNTS B. RUBBER ACCOUNTS ONLY MAR. APR. MAY JUNE MONTH DEC JULY AUG. YEAR 1962 SEPT. OCT. PAGE NO 181 NOV. DEC |1 bj0_3| A|515947 NATL VULCANIZED F1BR J_____ L .J______I fORM NO 776-0 #1 SALESMEN S SALES BY CUSTOMER DIRECT 2 A GENERAi DISTRICT B AGRICULTURAL C. RUBBER ACCOUNTS 0 PLASTICS DIVISION CHEMICAL DISTRICT #2 PRODUCT SALES BY CUSTOMER A TOTAL ORGANIC SALES B RUBBER ACCOUNTS ONLY Oi SOL SALES f'MMARY #3 DISTRICT PRODUCT SALES BY CUSTOMER A GENERAL DISTRICT C RUBBER ACCOUNTS B. AGCRHICEUMLITCUARLADLISTRICTS 0 f^tASTiCS DuIrVnISwIOuNr* SALES THIS MONTH POUNDS | DOLLARS #4 CUSTOMER SALES BY PRODUCTS A. AU ORGANIC ACCOUNTS | AOaiCulIUtM ChCmuCM ACCOUNT} OMU C RUBBER ACCOUNTS ONLY SALES THIS TEAS TO DATE POUNDS | DOLLARS MONTH DEC YEAR 1963 pace no 177 TOTAL SALES LAST TEAR POUNDS | DOLLARS 15 02 A 515457 NATL VULCANIZED FIBR 100 | 25 | NVF 000020 WATER PCB-SD0000074784 SALES SUMMARY PRODUCTS FORMULATED WITH PCT NVF COMPANY - KENNETT SQUARE, PA 1954 - 1977 1954 - 1957 Sales books are incomplete for these years. 1958 - 1970 0 lbs No sales found for these years 0 lbs 1971 Aroclor 6062 38,500 lbs. 1972 Aroclor 6062 21,000 lbs. 1973 - 1977 No sales found for these years. 0 lbs. NVF 000021 Sales for these years are rounded off to the nearest thousand pounds. Sales less than 500 pounds are recorded as 0 pounds. WATER PCB-SD0000074785 Bl 131--A OlHfcCI $2 01/12/ 12 Sts ft R(P NAME OF PRODUCI/CUSIOMER AROCLOR 6062 1 45 NVF CO KENNETT SO PA ORGANIC DIVISION SPECIALIY PRODUCTS PRODUCT/CUSTOMER SALES REPORT FOR UEC 1971 PAGE 3U5 -- IN THH KiNM us" SAlts ioAt nFsAlB POrENfliAi YEAR FOR CURR. CURR SALES YEAR Y-ID. INflS . AND niW 1 ARSJAN. FEB. MAR. APR. ' 30.5 .1 11.4 MAY JUNE JULY AUG. SEPT. OCT. NOV. DEC. 017 >5A CuSI ID / MAjR GflO GP 1045-062-1 6.0 3.0 6.0 3.0 3.0 6.0 10055903 WATER PCB-SD0000074786 REPORT B1476-A 01/09/73 MICC 0IV-02 SPECIALTY PROOUCTS N0.4 CUSTOMER/PRODUCT SALES REPORT FOR DEC 1972 ____ ___ -IN ACTUAL POUNDS AND DOLLARS- TOTS! MONT** S*' y . t . rj , p PAGE 5/ _ M I ASr R SA* TCTA1 YEAR COST 10 .NVF COMP WILMINGTON OE NVF CO KENNETT SO PA 5200 DISC PCB PCT 21,000 4,725 30,500 ,930 AR 507/dJ Oou'.^JiL 1005590} 9998-000-W NVF 000023 WATER PCB-SD0000074787 ...................................................... OJ/U // i. i r 111 .1. NAME OF produci/customer PCI' pci I>JCC P t I Hill- tr' AOU1I1VFS P'UIOUCT/CUSTOMER__ LES report FOR r 1973 PAGf 36*. -IN THOISAFDS uil IaLKGGm POIENfIM TEAR FORCURR SALES YEAR OF POUNDS ... CURR JAN. YID. ANl) OOLIARS- FEB. MAR APR. MAY JUNE JULY AUG. SEP! ocr NOV. DEC 024 >2B CUSI 10 / majR CM* GP 9998--000--17 | | | .NVF tb KFFNTT T SO PA 21.0 10055903 WATER PCB-SD0000074788 MonsantoCB 7'tp rev i SHIPPER S NO DISTRICT DATE ENTEREO CUSTOMER S ORDER NO 566509 VI 02-05-7 1 15M-20F T CRMS NET 50 DAYS PREPAID OR COLLCCT-ROUTINO COLLECT - BARNES CAREXAIKAKERS DCUVERY FOB ANNISTON ALA SHIPPED FROM ANNISTON WMS6 CODE BOOKED THRU 0009 S5MS LAFAYETTE & MULBERRY ST KENNETT SQUARE FA 195MB SAME DESCRIPTION 2 - SO LB CANS *034 AR0CL0R 6062 2-/- t* 1045-062- 17-0009-02-05 TINGLE US t o/v sAt.es INVOICE ANO | INVOICE NUMBER SHIPPING DATE 02-LM-7 $1 2- 0637 CAR initials and no 02-QM-7 COPIES CODE 2-1-2 HflHi 02-070-50773M c 3 0 0 QUANTITY G785-G29-57-0-A-10055903 PRICE & UNIT 0 10C, LB .755 U 25,50 1 J S H IP P E D t o s SHIPPINO DAT E [ ARRIVAL DAT E r i c. A l N S1 n u c ij (i N Q 0 0 3 c NVF 000025 WATER PCB-SD0000074789 CB 26 1 " Monsanto s' shipper NO $66590 JOISTRlCT OATE ENTERED CUSTOMER S OROER NO 1 * . DJ-05-7 l 162-29P TERMS NET 30 DAYS PRCPAIO OR COLLECT - ROUTING COLLECT BARNES AKERS DELIVERY -CR DC LIVC H Y f o o . ANNISTON ALA SHIPPED PROM 3 ANNISTON WHS6 CODE BOOKED THRU 0009 5345 m CO !LAFAYETTE & MULBERRY ST KENNETT SQUARE PA 19348 C SAME SH IPPED T O DESCRIPTION t:v bl- 1 600 LB DAN *030 AROCLOR 6062 2-/- 1-1045-062- 17-0009-02-03 LW TINGLE gINV 0 U N f/oo ) so 1 DIV SAlS INVOICE ANO I INVOICE NUMBER \ SL $- 1068 CAB INITIALS ANO NO 03-05-7 COPIES CODE i-1-1 CUST. FORM 07-020-507784 QUANTITY 0785-Q29-37-0-A- 10055903 PRICE & UNIT AMOUNT 600. LB ,255 153.00 ( ( i { i SHIPPING OATE arrival oate Ns 7 Ruc o Ns C NVF 000026 WATER PCB-SD0000074790 ,Monsanto SHIPPER'S NO DISTRICT DATE ENTERED CUSTOMERS OROER NO. >e6&ew TERMS *1 U-1 W1 171 96 P ft El Jw DAYS PREPAID OR COLLECT -- ROUT ING COLL BAK&fcS CARE AZiRS CH OEUVEflV FO0 AM 1ST ON ALA SHIPPEO FROM WHSE CODE BOOKED THRU ANNIS10N uU)9 S*S wr co LAFAYE1 it 4 HJUEKRY SI KCKNC1T SQUARE Rfc 1 9*8 INV OAJ H l/OO l 03 D/V SALES INVOICE AND INVOICE NUMBER....... ............. * SHIPPING 6ATE wJ*1 W1 SL o- isa> v CAR INITIALS ANO NO 0i-u*71 COPIES CODE 3 *1 J 8Ui f SAME H,- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1UTSifuS 937uA-1 vwSfr9uJ DESCRIPTION QUANTITY PRICE & UNIT AMOUNT 2 M 13 DRUMS -t*JU AROCLOR M2 % */-1 *1 i*s*w62 *17 ouw9*U2 *U3 18uu. LB *2$* U 3V6aWW C C TIMJLE FM SHIPPING DATE c A l N s 1 ARRIVAL DATE Q C c NVF 000027 E D O i O------ Z j i WATER PCB-SD0000074791 MonsantoCB 700 n c-v 7*70 I' i SHIPPER'S NO BOSS OISTRICT DATE ENTCREO CUSTOMER S OROER NO. 6667*42 ML 03-23-71 1 131 160 f TERMS NET JO DAYS PREPAID OR COLLECT- ROUTING COLLECT BARNES CARE AKERS DELIVERY f O B ANNISTON M. SHIPPEO FROM ANNISTON WHSE CODE BOOKEO THRU 0009 5345 LAFAYETTE A MULBERRY ST 3 KENNLTT SQUARE PA 19348 sINV O U N'I'OO > 0) o/v SALes INVOICE AMO INVOICE NUMBER W-WW a 1* 4518 CAR INITIALS ANO NO 01*26-7 COPIES CODE 2 t2 CUST. FORM 02*020-507784 s h ip p e d t o SAME DESCRIPTION 16 600 LS DRUMS -030 AROCLOR 6062 2-/-1-1046*062-17-0009-01-03 QUANTITY 0705-029-37-0-A-10G559Q1 ( PRICE A UNIT AMOUNT 9600. Li ,225 U 2160.00 M J TINGLE SS $ SHIPPING DAT E | ARRIVAL DATE p cc I A l Ns 7 nuc T I O N S i ( ( ( ( ( NVP 000028 WATER PCB-SD0000074792 cb BEV Monsanto O U n t/OO #oi DIV SALES PREPAID OB COUECl -BOUTINQ COIL BARNS AKIRS DELIVERY FOB ANNISTON AL SHIPPED FROM ANNISTON WHSE CODE 0009 800KE0 THRU 1141 INVF CO aLArAYtnt & hjlberry it 3 KLNNtTT SQUARE M 19148 SAME LAFAYETTE AKO CEOAR tJi 1 description 10 600 Li METAL ft DRUMS -010 AROCLOR 6062 2 -/-I-1041-062-17-0009-02 -01 MADDOX m s SHIPPINO OATE p ct A t I N s B U C 1 t oN ARRIVAL DATE COPIES CODE 2"1"t mi* 02 -020-507784 f QUANTITY 0781 "029*17 -0 -A-10055 901 PRICE & UNIT AMOUNT i I 6000. LB ,221 M 1110,00 ( ( i ( NVF 000029 WATER PCB-SD0000074793 MonsantoC0 20(\ REV 7 7{ ' 14 SHIPPER'S NO 442793 OISTRlCT j OAT E Nl C RE O 1 CUSTOMER S ORDER NO 1 07-23-71 12U3-110P TERMS NET 30 OAYS pntPAio on COU.CCT - nounwa COL BARNES C/0 AKERS ^ oeuvfnv fob ANNISTON i SHIPPED FROM Q ANNISTON At WHSE CODE BOOKED THRU 0009 5345 g NVF CO 0 3 LAFAYETTE & MULBERRY ST | KENNETT SQUARE PA 19348 C SAME c & DESCRIPTION o 5 600 LB METAL DRUMS -0*0 AROCLGR 6062 2-/1-1045062-17-0009-02-0* ( MT MADDOX L o o c o o b <" r c I SHIPPING DAI i ARRIVAL DATE INV O U H *'00 OIV SALES INVOICE AND INVOICE NUMBER shippTno date | 07-77-7j $L 7- 3001 CAR INITIALS AND NO 07-27-71 COPIES CODE 2-1-2 CUST FORM 02-020-507784 I C f QUANTITY 0785-029-37-Q-A-I00S59Q3 PRICE & UNIT AMOUNT 3000* LB .235 U 703*00 I 4 C 4 C c NVF 000030 WATER PCB-SD0000074794 8 INTERNAL COPIES DISTRIBUTION AND SPECIAL INVOICE INSTRUCTIONS AS INOICATEO ABOVE WATER PCB-SD0000074795 NVF 000032 INTERNAL COPIES DISTRIBUTION AND SPECIAL INVOICE INSTRUCTIONS AS INDICATED ABOVE WATER PCB-SD0000074796 Monsanto CUSTOMER S OROER NO 1306-2 5P MONSANTO COMPANY T. IOUIS, MISSOURI 63164 r'wrr DATE ENTERED DATE SHIPPED 11-03-711 12-01-711 12-01-711 14-12-18703 N.V.F. COMPANY LAFAYETTE ANO CEDAR ST KENNETT SQUARE PA 19348 -2-1 N.V.F. COMPANY LAFAYETTE ANO CEDAR ST KENNETT SQUARE PA 19348 . WMSE BOOKED THRU % OiV TERMS TYPE MODE 0009 53-45! 02 020 02 ACCTS. REC. NO. CITY-STATE CUSTOMER I D 507783 0785-37 10055903 LOCK BOX 02 PPD OR COL. DELIVERY FOB. TERMS OF PAYMENT COL AS INDICATED BELOW NET 30 DAYS i SHIPPED FROM CAR NO . TT CARRIER CUSTOMER SERVICE REPRESENTATIVE ANNISTON AL B 00L1M0UNT* SHIPPER NO 4610663 ITEM DESCRIPTION. PRICE A UNIT1 1 5 600 LB METAL DRUM AROCLOR 6062 AT 1045-062-17-0009-02-03-S-01755A FOB ANNISTON AL : __________________ 3*000.00 LB , .2350 3*000.00 LB amount 705.00 I k PAGE l 705.00 NVF 000033 internal COPIES DISTRIBUTION AND SPECIAL INVOICE INSTRUCTIONS AS INDICATED AP .1 WATER PCB-SD0000074797 DIVISION SALES N.V.F. COMPANY LAFAYETTE AND CEDAR ST KENNETT SQUARE PA 19348 -2-1 N.V.F- COMPANY LAFAYETTE AND CEDAR ST KENNETT SQUARE PA 19348 W MSE BOOKED THRU t Div TERMS TYPE MODE 0009 53-45i 02 020 02 ACCTS. REC. NO. CITY-STATE CUSTOMER 1.0 507783 0785-37 10055903 LOCK BOX 02 PPO OR COL. DELIVERY F.O.B. TERMS OF PAYMENT SHIPPED FROM AS INDICATED BELOW NET 30 DAYS CAR NO./TT. CARRIER CUSTOMER SERVICE REPRESENTATIVE ANNISTON AL B DQLI MOUNT - SHIPPER NO. 4685301 ITEM DESCRIPTION. PRICE & UNIT i 5 600 LB METAL DRUM i AROCLOR 6062 AT 1045-062-17-0009-02-03-S-01755A FOB ANNISTON AL 1 3,000.00 LB .2350 3,000.00 LB AMOUNT 705.00 i i / / / PAGE 1 705.00 g NVF 000034 8 INTERNAL copies distribution and special invoice instructions as indicated above WATER PCB-SD0000074798 Monsanto N8ANTO COMPANY .....OUlS. MISSOURI 63164 INVOICE DIVISION SALIS customer * oroer no. 1355-160P OATE ENTERED 1 OATC SHIPPED 1 INVOICE DATE INVOICE NO. 0+1 1 o 12-21-71 01-04-72 I 14-01-23943 N.V.F. COMPANY LAFAYETTE ANO CEDAR ST KENNETT SQUARE PA 19348 -2-1 E/ a/ In.v.f. company Lafayette and cedar st IKENNETT SQUARE PA 19348 // WHSI BOOKBO THRU 0009 53-45; ft OfV. TERMS TYPE MODE 02 020 02 ACCTS. REC. NO. 507783 city-state CUSTOMER l.O. 0785-37 10055903 TUCK-FOX tn--------------------- PPD OR COL. DELIVERY F.O.B. l .. - 'i ............ ,,1 terms op Payment < COL SHIPPEO FROM AS INDICATES) BELOW NET .30 DAY S CAR NO./TT CARRIER CUSTOMER SERVICE REPRESENTATIVE ANNISTON AL /' ___ A MICKEY____ s... ITEM, _____i DESCIRRIIPPTTIIO^NN,. IPRICE B.UNIT , SHIPPER NO. 4699237 AMOUNT 25 600 L8 METAL pRUM AROCLOR 6062 / AT 1045-062-17-0009-47-03-5-01755A FOB ANNISTON AL 'ij V 15,000.00 LB .2250 15,000.00 LU 3,375i00 i/ IV` ! 11 Vi i .I :i PAGE 3,375.00 / i i NVF 000035 <tt INTERNAL COPIES DISTRIBUTION ANO SPECIAL INVOICE INSTRUCTIONS AS INDICATE^ ABOVE. f WATER PCB-SD0000074799 c 6 i NMF 000036 o a ,i^v tun rnNOlllONi NOrwHMttANOiNO *nr inCOhIHUnI 01 AOOItlOHAt ((ImI |h*1 mat If fMtOO'tO in too* WCNASI OIDft Wl ACCtFf Tout OtOlt. tUlJfC* ONi? to ft I ftluroHHl wlmtw CONftACI IlfWllH Ul UHOfl WHICH TOUl OtOH It fUCIO 11 no iUCM CONIIACI unit. Wt ACCIM rout OtOII OMIT ON INI flHttt CONOIIION InaI <OU AilIN' >0 iHf KlMt CONIAINIO AIO*t AND ON lM( |I0( MlMO. AN 0U ACCfMANCt AND MCHH OT (Hi OOOOt INIFMO H| It UNDt t |HA(l COMltlyl| *nthi to tuCH uiut WATER PCB-SD0000074800 TERMS AND CONDITIONS I. FORCE MAJEURE. Deliveries may be sOsponded by cilher parly in cose of Act ol God, war, riots, lire, explosion, Mood, strike, lorkoul. injunction, inability to obtoin fuel, power, raw materials, labor, containers, or tiansporlotion facilities, accident, bi cnl-Kje ol morhinery o' apparatus, national delonse requirements, or any cause beyond Ihe fontrol ol sucb parly, prcvurHuig the manufacture, shipment, occeplonce, or consumption ol a shipment ol the goods or ol a material upon which Ihe manufacture ol ihe goods is dependent. II, becouse of any such circumstance, Seller is unable lo supply the total demand lor the goods, S'.*l!o' may allocate ils avodoblc supply among ilsclf and oil of Ms customers. Including those not under contract, in on oquriable manner. Such deliveries so suspended shall bo cancelled wilhoul liability, but the contract shall otherwise remain 'nollocted. 3 2 BUYER'S CREDIT. Seller reserves the right, among other remedies, either to terminate this contract or to suspend further rjftivcrics under M in the event Buyer fails to pay lor any one shipment when some becomes due. Should Buyer's financial n tponsibility become unsatisfactory to Seller, cosh payments or satisfactory security rrygy be roquired by Seller lor future d liveries and lor goods theretofore delivered. 3 V rtOHT$ AND CONTAINERS. In the cose of bulk carload, tank car, or lonk truck shipments, shipper's weights shall govern. V >ere shipment requires use by Seller ol carboys, drums, barrels or other returnable containers, title to such containers s all remain in Seller and a deposit in the amount required by Seller must be made at Ihe time Ihe good* are paid for Sqth container must be kepi in good condition ond moy not be used'lor any material other than that shipped therein and must be returned within sixty [60) days from dale ol shipment. On such containers being so returned in good condition, o refund of Ihe deposit will be made. * i 4. SHIPMENTS The quantity shipped in onyrconlract month may be limited by Seller to either: (o) the overage of tho monthly quoniHies ordered by Buyer hereunder lor the preceding contract months, or (b) Ihe maximum quonlily covered by this contract divided by Ihe number of months In the contract period. Seller shall not be bound to lender delivery of any quon lilies lor which Buyer has not given shipping Instructions. 5. WARRANTY. Unless otherwise provided herein, Seller warrants Idle ond that oil goods sold hereunder shall conform to Seller's standard specifications. Subject to the preceding sentence ond except os otherwise expressly staled heroin, SEILER MAKES NO REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, AS TO'MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSE, OR ANY OTHER MATTER WITH RESPECT TO THE GOODS, whether used alone or in combination with other subsfonces. Seller shall not be liable lor, and Buyer ossumes responsibility for, all personal injury and properly damage resulting from Ihe hondling, possession or use of the goods by Buyer. ; 6. LIMIT OF LIABILITY. All claims for alleged defective goods, .shortage or other cause shalj be deemed waived unless made in writing ond received by Seller within fifteen (15) doys after Buyer learns of Ihe alleged delect, but in no event loter than sixty (60) doys after Buyer's receipt of the goods. Buyer's exclusive remedy shall be lor domages, subject, however, to Buyer's agreement that lor any and aH'-lotses or domages resulting from any couso whatsoever including oiloged dofecHve or domoged goods, Seller's liability shall in no event exceed the purchase price thereof, or of the election of Seller, Ihe repair or replacement of such defective or damoged goods, in no event shall Seller be liable lor incidental or consequential domages. Transportation charges lor the return ol goods shall not be paid unless authoriied in odvonce by Seller. 7. PATENTS. Seller warrants that any goods sold pursuant to this contract, except as ore mode specifically lor Buyer according to Buyer s specifications, do not infringe ony valid U S. potent. This worronly is given upon condition thoi Buyer promptly notify Seller ol any claim or suit involving Buyer in which such Infringement is alleged, ond if Seller is offecled, that Buyer permit Seller to control completely the defense or compromise ol ony such allegation of Infringement. Seller does nol warrant that Ihe use ol any goods sold hereunder, or articles mode therefrom, either olone or in conjunction with other materials, wiil not infringe o potent. 8 FREIGHT TAXES. Any increase in freight roles paid by Seller on shipments covered by this controd and ony tax or govern mjniai charge or increase in some herepfter becoming effective Increasing the cost tp Seller of producing, selling, or delivering the goods or of procuring materials used therein, ond ony tox now. in effect or increase In some payable by ihe Sc ler because ol the sole ol the goods, such os Soles Tax, Use Tax, Retailer's Occupational Tax, Gross Receipts Tox, may, oi teller's option, be added So Ihe price herein specified. 9 1C $$ IN TRANSIT. In cose of breokage or loss in Ironsil, Buyer shall have notation of same made on expense bill before poking freight 10 PLASTIC MATERIALS. Because of the conditions involved in the manufacture ol plastic moteriols, where an order calls I or o product to be mode up specially lor Buyer: (I) A delivery of nol less than 90% the order will be considered o complete fulfillment ol the order, (?) In case of an over run, Seller moy deliver ond Buyer will accept ony such excess up to 10% of ihe order, but not more than 1,000 pounds. II. FAIR LABOR STANDARDS ACT. The material covered hereunder is warranted lo hove been produced in compliance with fhe requirements ol the Pair lobor Standards Act of 1938, ond wilt) oil amendments thereto. I 2. MlSCEl I ANFOUS This conlrocf is to be construed according to the low* of the Slate of Missouri. This document constitutes the lull understanding of the parties, and no terms, conditions, understanding or ogreemenl purporting lo modify or vary the terms of this document shall be binding unless hereafter made in writing ond signed by the party lo be bound. NVF 000037 WATER PCB-SD0000074801 I' WEEK Of AUGUST IU~ UK SlhNUIL fKUUUUl -lA^E A 'ID LU1 .JU^dc. I ON TOP AND SIDES OF ALL DBMS INCLUDE 9/L WITH SHIPMENT WHICH STATES 1 QUANTITY AND TYPE PLASTICIZERS PLS KEEP ALL CONTAINERS OF ONE PRODUCT " TOGETHER SHOW P 0 NO I97-89P ON ALL DRUMS NVF QOOL12 WATER PCB-SD0000074802 Monsanto Mdnumo Comoiny 0OQ M. lindbtrgn Qoulavird SI. Louia. Minouri 93107 Phon: 1314) 894-1000 June 16, 1986 Dr. William Lair NVF Company Lafayette fit Mulberry Streets Kennett Square, PA 19348 Dear Dr. Lair: Confirming our phone discussioa today, the results of our search of available sales documents related to our former PCB related products are summarized in the attached tables. Our search included the following items: NVF Company - Kennett Square, PA national Vulcanized Fiber - all locations Time period 1954-1977 . Sales records of this duration are not usually maintained as a routine course, therefore, I am not sure of their completeness. However, a record of a sale does indicate the trade did occur. A void does not necessarily mean no sales occurred, it only means no records are still available. " If I can be of further assistance, please let me know. Sincerely -yours, ve - EXHIBIT I 'AM-7 ^ 10029 Received JUN 2 01986 WATER PCB-SD0000074803 SALES SUMMARY RATIONAL VULCANIZED FI3ER ALL LOCATIONS SEARCHED 1954 - 1977 1954 - 1957 Sales Summary books are incomplete for these years 1958 0 lbs. No sales found for this year 0 lbs. 1959 Aroclor 1254 (wear TEA^Fat R-oiD) 150 lbs. 1960 Aroclor 1254 ( He*" Fi-uiO) 4,000 lbs. F-5 Pydraul (contained 52% Aroclor 1248) HiraMi-i.#- - fuu.P ) 2,000 lbs. Aroclor 1248 (fttiAT TEAAii>fe. f\.u'iD) 22,000 lbs. 1961 . Aroclor 1254 Aroclor 5460 Pydraul F-9 Aroclor 1248 ( PLAsti^izcrO fli Tt3Wycij 0 lbs. 0 lbs. 1.000 lbs. 9.000 lbs. 1962 Aroclor 1254 Aroclor 5460 Pydraul F-9 Aroclor 1248 * 25,200 lbs. 100 lbs. 59 lbs. 3,000 lbs. 1963 ' Aroclor 1254 Aroclor 1268 (^LftSTiCiZcE.) 4,800 lbs. 250 lbs. 10030 WATER PCB-SD0000074804 SALES SUMMARY NVF COMPANY - KENNETT SQUARE, PA 1954-1977 1954 - 1957 Sales Summary Books are incomplete for these,years 1958 - 1970 No sales found for these years 1971 Aroclor 6062 (contained 38% Aroclor 1221) Balance chlorinated terphenyl 1972 Aroclor 6062 1973 - 1977 No sales found for these years 0 lbs. 0 lbs. 38,500 lbs. r 7 >- i 21,000 lbs. 0 lbs. 10031 WATER PCB-SD0000074805 SALES SUMMARY NATIONAL VULCANIZED FI3ER ALL LOCATIONS SEARCHED 1954 - 1977 1954 - 1957 Sales Summary books are incomplete for these years 1958 0 lbs. No sales found for this year 1959 0 lbs. Aroclor 1254 I960 R-uid) 150 lbs. Aroclor 1254 ( f-i. Fluid) 4,000 lbs. 1**9 Pydraul (contained 52% Aroclor 1248) (H fuu.ft ) 2,000 lbs. Aroclor 1248 ( HtAT TeAMSFQL. Fll'i D ) 22,000 lbs. 1961 Aroclor 1254 Aroclor 5460 Pydraul F-9 Aroclor 1248 ( PLMTiihzei*. ) P- V- 0 lbs. 0 lbs. 1,000 lbs. 9,000 lbs. 1962 Aroclor 1254 Aroclor 5460 Pydraul F-9 Aroclor 1248 * 25,200 lbs. 100 lbs. 59 lbs. 3,000 lbs. 1963 Aroclor 1254 Aroclor 1268 C^^nazcE.) 4,800 lbs'. 250 lbs. -'10030 WATER PCB-SD0000074806 SALES SUMMARY NVF COMPANY - KENNETT SQUARE, PA 1954-1977 1954 - 1957 Sales Summary Books are incomplete for these years Q lbs. 1958 - 1970 No sales found for these years 0 lbs. 1971 u Aroclor 6062 (contained 38% Aroclor 1221) Balance chlorinated terphenyl /pain 38,500 lbs. l Iw t 1972 Aroclor 6062 21,000 lbs. (fiMlCvX 1973 - 1977 No sales found for these years 0 lbs. 10031 WATER PCB-SD0000074807 DATE ADDRESS MAILED PER 1ME >i!5. N.V.F. Company Lafayette & Cedar St. Kennett Square, Pa. 19348 la hi,, -19- nvf 000111 WATER PCB-SD0000074808 Ootober 12, 1970 Dear Perhaps you are aware of the polyehlorinatjd biphenyl (?C2) environ mental pollution problem. If not, then the attacned material should provide background information. The significance of this information is no longer oan we dump scrap Aroclor or spent transform.or ^.slcarel down the sever. Indiscriminate dumping of suen nuterial can lead to serious repercussions for Che electrical industry, For this reason Monsanto ia building an incin erator which will be ready some time daring the first part of 1971 Effective immediately, you ir.sy ship scrap material for incineration, at your expanse, in p3 gal. arunuj, to the U, Ci. ilruvorich Plant, Sauget, Illinois, Attention Supervisor, Dept. 246. he have tenta tively set a 3d per Id. incineration charge. However, this io sub ject to change based on our operational experience with this uni*. Please use the attached label on all drums of scrap to be returned for incineration. These may be obtained, at no cost, by writing tt the Supervisor, :ie?t. 246, U.G.K, Plant. Additionally, we are working with the Rcllir.s ?urlo Company which is operating on incinerator in Hew Jersey, As scon as we can in spect th_s unit and give it cur approval, v;o will negocio-ts a pr.ce for their service, I lope rally choir o-.urge will be in the 25^ to ;'V per gallon range inc.ludlng freight. This coupany r.: pa s to cons trust similar units in 100 locations through out the United bCures. In line with this program we v;ould appreciate your supplying the number of gallons of scrap you expect to generate during 1971 end also a forecast for your 1971 Aroclor or transformer askarel re quirements . . Should you have additional questions concerning this matter, pie- to contact me through the Monsanto Service Center currbiftly handling your purchase orders. NVF 0038 L1 WATER PCB-SD0000074809 Many thanks for your cooperation on this natter. It will help us serve you better. Cordially, ROtsg Randal:. Qrahaa Senior Fluids Specialist Attachmentst 1. Donald A Olson letter Feb. 18, 1970. 2. April 10, 1970 news release "Monsanto Replies to Charge That PCS Threatens Environment". . 3. July 16, 1970 news release "Monsanto Sights Actions Taken on Environmental Issue". 4. "FDA Guideline for PCB's in Food*. Elmer 0. Wheeler July 24, 1970 (with his attachments). 3. Drum label for return of scrap material to Illinois plant. NVF 003812 WATER PCB-SD0000074810 Monsanto --'!....*................... ' ........*.. " ...... Ciattny IO<3 H. UnOtn* l*ir>trt It. Ihii Ulttivrt DIM 314) IS4-IOCO ...---9<UCU February IS, 1970 Daa? Si?: Recently save ?&1 sawspaper sad magasiae articles have bean published indicating that Poiyehlorinatad Biphenyls (PCBs) have been discovered at torn* points la tom* marine, aquatic and wildlife environments. Tha quantities detected are said ta be ia the parts pa? mUUoa aad parts pa? billion eatagoriaa. It ia claimed that tha PCBs found strongly raaambla chlorinated biphenyls containing 54% aad 60% chlo?iaa by weight. Products which are aoid by Monsanto unde? tha trade names of Arocloi 1234 aad 1260 do contain chlo?laatad biphenyls. In addition ta Axodor* 1234 and 1260, Monsanto sells certain functional Quids containing Aroclot 1234. These include Pydrau# 623, Pydrau? AC* Pydraul* AC Winter Grade, Pydraui 540, Tharmlnol* rH-3 and certain dielectric formulations. Several other companies around tha world also produce products containing chlorinated biphenyls. As you? auppUa? of AroelosSt 1234 and 1260 and formulated produets containing 1234* wa wish to alert you to tha potential problem of environ" mental contamination as referred to in the newspaper and magasine arti cles. Wa would Ukm ta point out the following additional facts: 1* Products such aa Pydrau 90,133, 230, 312, A-200, I"-9, 130, and 60, TurMnol 133 a&d ThermineX FR -1 aad FR-2 are not formulated with Aroclor 1234 or 1260. 2. PCBs with a chlorine content of less than 34% have not been found ia tha environment aad appear to present no potential problem to tha eatiroameafc. NVF 003813 WATER PCB-SD0000074811 product* appear to be aqua! la performance and to have tlmilar physical properties. Wa feel that all possible ear* should ba taka a in the application, proce ning and affluent disposal of these products to prevent them becoming environ mental contaminants.. Of interest to you may be an article in Chemical Weak, October 29, 1969, regarding water pollution standards set by each state in the Union. It is attached. This article reflects that good manufacturing practice in the future may require that no product used by any company should find their way into waterways. We realise that you have marketed or may now market transformers and other slsetrical equipment containing dielectric fluids which include - Arcelor* 1234 and 1260. Although these fluids are sealed into such equip ment it is recognised that occasionally the fluid may be lost through leaks resulting from equipment misuse or equipment repair necessitating replace ment of the fluid. Since the dielectric fluid contained in this equipment is only an incidental part of the over-all unit manufactured by you, we are not notifying the purchasers of such equipment of the potential environmental contamination problem described in this letter. We do recommend, however, that you notify such equipment users of this problem. Sincerely yours. Attachment Donald A. Olson Director of Sales Functional Fluids Croup NVF 003814 WATER PCB-SD0000074812 NEWS - FOR RELEASS - . . . _Monsanto E. V. John (314) 694-2891 "vtuc *tL*riOHS 0?**',*<\r Ctmuti 100 , liMt.'in tt. Mkm.h l)l| MONSANTO REPLIES TO CHARGE THAT PCB THREATENS ENVIRONMENT ST. LOUTS, April 10 -- Monsanto Company said today it was vail svere of eh# concern ovsr possible environmental contamination by polychlorinatad biphanyl (PCB), an industrial ' chemical made by the company. The cotspany began a six-point program in 1966 to properly identify and measure PCI in the environment. Steps have been taken to strictly control use of the chemical and replace those grades of PCB which linger in nature. Monsanto's statement came in response to charges by Congressman William ?. Ryan (Dam.) of New York that the discovery of PCB in the ecology represented a major threat. Howard L. Mlnckler, Monsanto vice president and general manager of its Organic Chemicals Division, said, "We have and will continue to eooperete fully with governmental agencies investigating this problem. We also have been in close contact with our customers. Monsanto has spent over $1 million to verify or correct scientific reports, monitor the use of PCB and search for substitute products where needed. This program will be successfully concluded this yesr. NVF 003815 WATER PCB-SD0000074813 -2 MONSANTO: REPLY TO PCS CHARGE xxx year. "It is unfortunate that Congreiiman Ryan evidently did not-hava all thla information at hia disposal. Just laic month wa partlclpatad In a U.S. Department of tha Intarior meeting where wa exchanged idaaa with soma 40 iciantlata and told tham of our findings and actionsMincklar said. Tha Monsanto axacutive also notad that tha use of PCB is misunderstood by soma Invastigators. "For example, we do not know of any current use of PCB in insecticides. Evan so, wa are asking the U.S. Department of Agriculture to reject any insecticide which has PCB as an inert carrier," Mincklar said. "PCB is not a household pro4uct, as some have suggested," Mincklar continued. "To our knowledge, it is not used in plastic food wraps, house paints, cellophane, asphalt or tires. The principal market is electrical applications where the chemical performs a vital function as an insulating fluid. In this use, PCB is completely sealed in a metal container. Other major markets employ similar closed systems." Monsanto's PCB program was initially directed at proper Identification of chlorinated hydrocarbons appearing in the i environment. This research, confirmed by others, found only the higher chlorinated materials. At the same time, Monsanto undertook animal feeding studies which show PCB is not a highly toxic material. -more- NVF 003816 WATER PCB-SD0000074814 --3 MONSANTORPL? TO PCI CHAPCI xxx matarlal. The second pert of Monsanto's investigation uu coordination with all customers and a rigid critique of lea PCI manufacturing units. Although loaa of PCB during nanufaccur ing was negligible, production techniquea vers further modernised and new pollution abatement devices are continually being upgraded. Monsanto has concentrated its further reaearch on thoae few PCI compounds vhlch degrade slowly. Alternate produces for these grades, which retain the functional properties of PCI and present no potential threat, will be introduced later this year. Mlnckler concluded, 'fcdnsento la sacking the beat solution to this potential environmental problem. Action not based on reason and selantlflc facts can only result in greetsr problems. For example, we have been advised by one electrical equipment manufacturer that an lsmedlate ban on PCB would result in major power fellurea throughout the world. This is not the answer. Proper use of this vital chemical and substitution, where appropriate, is the answer." -0O0 NVF 003817 WATER PCB-SD0000074815 NEWS _ ' PO* RELEASE DIMED LATE LY 1970 Monsanto E. V, John (314) 694-289L HJBUC *eiATICNS 0P**rv^ - 00 H. U*or,n .yl.v.r, It. L*UI. UIlKyfl 1)1,1 MONSANTO CITES ACTIONS TAKEN ON ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUE ST. LOUIS, July 16 -- Monsanto Company, sola U.S. produear of an industrial chemical callad polychlorinated blphanyi (PCB), today said rscant political chargas tad sansatlonal haadllaas about tha chaaical causing "a major acologleal crlala" coaplataly Ignore voluntary actions tha company has takan to restrict use of the material. "Our program began back la 1968 with tha proper identification and measurement of PCI In tha environment and will conclude this year by our unilateral action to restrict its use," Howard L. Minckler, company vice president and general manager of its Organic Chemicals Division, said. He added that Monsanto had not been pressured into action by any legislation or organised group. "We have taken decisive action based on evidence that PCB la a persistant chemical which builds up in the environment." -more- MVP 003818 WATER PCB-SD0000074816 --2 MONSANTO: MIMCKLER'S REPLY TO PCI CHARGES xxx anvironmane." Consnenting oa a recent repore chxc PCS can indues birch defaces in animals, Mlncklar said, "Monsanto la noc aware of any sclanclflc data ehae Indicates polychlorinated biphenyls may cause birth defects. The results of comprehensive toxicity studies, sponsored by Monsaneo and using the usual species of laboratory animals, have failed to produce such effaces. "Scare eaceics and sensational reporting do not serve the public interest nor solve ecological problems," he said.- "Only a few reports have stated why PCIa were ever developed and why they are used today. Nor have the consequences of not using PCB been explained. "Vhac should be emphasized," Mlncklar continued, "Is chat PCI was developed over 40 years ago primarily for use as a coolant In electrical tranaformers and capacitors. It Is also used In coemerclal heating and cooling systems. It Is not a 'household' Item. "Anyone who lives In a large city is familiar with power failures. During periods of peak power needs, air conditioning and refrigeration fall, lights go out and commuters are stranded. If power companies were to remove PCB from equipment, we have been told thae major blackouts would occur throughout the world. -more- NVF 003819 WATER PCB-SD0000074817 --3 MONSANTO: MINGOER'S RZFLY TO PCI CHARGIS xxx world. "PCB Is used in electrical equipment as a aafacy fluid, tc haa rapLacad combustible oil products which hava, on many occasions, aaplodad and burned, caueing daaeha and injury to husan lift. Today acaea and local lava all ovar cha country raquira cha uaa of non-flammable fluids in carcain alacerical equipment aa a aafacy faaeurs. Ac cha moment, chara ara no aubacieueaa availabla which aqual cha aafacy performance of PCI." - Monsanto said ie ineanda Co concinua aalling PCB for "cloaed-ayatem" uaaa such aa alacerical components and heat-trsnsfer syaeaaa. "With rigid control ovar vhara cha produce goaa, how le is handled and disposed of, wa believe cha aafacy functions of cha produce can conelaua eo serve society and cha environment can be proeacead," Mlncklar said. "We ara discontinuing sales Ineo 'open ayscams' -- adhesives, sealants, chlorinated rubber, specialty paints, ace. "Tor other uses, such as fire-reals cane hydraulic flulda, where PCI cannot be strictly controlled, we have reformulated somm fluids and they are on the market. The new produces contain other fire-realscane ingradients. We will continue to develop alternate formulations which do not contain parsIs cane PCB. Wa will noe abandon hydraulic fluid uaara Mlncklar cemented, "aa haa been reported." -more- NVF 003820 WATER PCB-SD0000074818 --4 HCHSANTO: MINOCLZl'S R2PLY TO PC8 CHANGE xxjc reported." Honataco hat alto established a new lyicn for diapoatL or recycle of spent PCB. A special high-tamper*cure incinerator will braak down PCI Into harnlata materials. Tht company alto raganaraeaa spent fluid* for rauaa. Tha laeinaraeor will ba offarad Co customers who cannot ocharvlaa dattroy or raganaraca chair old fluid*. "Although lot* of PCB from our manufacturing plant* haa baan negligible, wa hava furthar tightanad up our production cachniqua* and inatallad naw pollution abatement davieaatha Hon*anto executive aaid. "I repeat," Mincklar concluded, "our program wag lniciacad and conducted by Monsanto alone. It will ba concluded chi* year. Va believe it la a position any responsible company would taka." -0O0- NVF 00382L WATER PCB-SD0000074819 Slats* P. i&e*lsr, A$lanl Qe?ft July 24, 1&0 P0& guideline for PO'a La Poeds 1. 3. Barges, ani f. Rasca, JHAJO V. S. Pagangsorge, VPAPS J* I. Springs* te, J3?SX P. 3". Parts PPARS Attached Is a page fro Food Cheaieal Sews of July 20, 1970, refarenoe 6a the above subject. TMj adoption of 'adalnlatratloa guideline levels' dots nos constitute a PDA regulation, is la, however, a taala for TOA regional offlees and state food laboratories whether in daparcoenta of health or agriculture to aalsa and destroy (or deolare unfit for hums eonacMptlon) flaH and alia which contain level* of PCB'a above 5 Ppa tad 0.2 ppm respect!valy. SPVtJu Eaoleeure Slaer P. Vheeier NVF 003822 WATER PCB-SD0000074820 Page 2 July 20, 1970 FOOD CHEMICAL LEV, FOOD DAT ING legislation support from (JSDA was sought last week by Chairman Rosenthal (D-N.Y.) of the House Consumer Inquiry subcommittee. He wrote tc LSDA Secretary Hardin to request the Department to conduct a survey "to determine whether a statistically significant: number of over-age perishable and semi-perishable food items are being sold by retail stores" and "whether the institution of expiration dates, or, n the alternative, the establishment of uniform codes known to consumers, would be effective in preventing the sale of old merchandise. " FATTY ACID labeling "statement of policy will issue shortly, " FDA's M. J. Ryan, Directorof Legislative Services, said in a letter to Rep. Yates (D-111-) (See FOOD CHEMICAL NEWS, July 13, Page 2). Ryan noted that FDA-ers have recently met with representatives of the National Heart and Lung Institute and of FTC to discuss the problem but said, "We are still not in a position to announce a formal policy. " Yates had as:<cd why "coconut oil could not be labeled as coconut oil rather than as vegetable'oil. " THE CHEMICAL FEAST, James Turner's book criticizing FDA food.regulation, has been published in paperbound, selling for 95 cents. ' W. DONALD GRAY , who spearheaded many investigations of FDA as a member of the staff of Rep. Fountain's (D-N.C.) House Intergovernmental Relations subcommittee, is becoming an investigator for Sen. Magnuson's (D-Wash.) Senate Commerce Committee. For the past nine months, Gray has been a legislative assistant to Sen. McIntyre (D-N.H. SAIB was formally cleared by Canada's Food and Drug Directorate for use as a density adjusting agent for citrus-flavored beverages up to 50 p. p.m. , in a Trade Information Letter (No. 336). A food standard proposal was submitted to FDA last week to clear optional use of sucrose acetate Isobutyrate, and a Food Additive Petition has been sub mitted (See story, Page 27). SAIB is being considered as a substitute for brominared' vegetable oils, which FDD last week formally limited to 15 p. p.m. in citrus-flavored beverages. .. POLYCHLOR IN AT E D biphenyls surveillance program of FDA is being directed towards support of State, efforts on PCBs (See FOOD CHEMICAL NEWS, June 29, Page 2 9 The agency has adopted administrative guideline levels for PCBs of 5 p. p.m. in fish and 0.2 p. pCm. in whole milk, _ FDA's aurv e ilia ncefor PCBs actually started UsA- y ear; befor seizing Coho salmon the agency analyzed for PCBs to see if the residues were DDT or PCBs (See FOOD CHEMICAL NEWS, March 31, 1969, Page 18). Milk containing PCBs has been found in Ohio and In Maryland, but these have been isolated instances, and in ^one case the PCBs were traced to a silo paint. FDA budget for fiscal year 1971 was reported by the House Appropriations Comm it t ee at 189.5 million, the amount of the Administration request. FOOD ADDITIVE Petition filed by Geigy and noted July 17 would amend $121.2566 ^ for antioxidants and/or stabilizers for polymers to clear use of 2-(3' - tert-butyl-5* - meth> 2'- hydroxyphenyl)-2H-5-chlorobenzotriazoie in the imanufacture of olefin polymers. FDA'S Morton M. Schneider la switching from a Congressional relations post to the Office of Product Safety. NVF 003823 WATER PCB-SD0000074821 t ~irin i[;"T] JW iM'ii'iriiJDW . >*S f ifyiy jjy^i^Niw i;pf < *' * sfi^- * 111 i muffinr r 1 wmr ttht t--n.......nr....................... A^v.' ti rf ^.vJ 11 Tr*` W ^-C | gySONSASITO C0HPA9IY Department 246 SAUGET, HJifUMS 62201 J> : - *- . . jpasajOlk.iAi/ m '' " ' '"~t r-jdX:-;* /!,* r $.f .*js&zg.. ' * ' '' ' -:vr ifei^ n (iWft . ;'>\. V ,, ' NVF 0 0 3 8 2 4 <. v "*i i - ' ' * '. ^aliiili'iWiIa n frUiwlfr***- V. . K. iHIIUli'J |> ii|%iDIi ,rW4.fr WATER PCB-SD0000074822 Monsanto momsawto iNourniuu. chimicals co. 600 M lml*r,n (suiavara St louii. Mmoun 63166 6*on. (314) 6(4 1000 December 15, 1971 Dear Sir: We art writing to advise you that., effective this data, Monsanto will no longer aall the Therrainol* PR aarlaa of haat trana far fluids. Thla important dads Ion by Monsanto's management has baan carsfully eonsldarad. Tha Thermlnol* PR sarlas of fluids contain polyehlorlnatad blphanyls (PCBs). As m hava previously advlsad you, studlas Indiesta PCBs aay fe# accumulating in tha anvlronaant. In some lnstaneas, PCM hava baan found In food or in tha food ehaln. An artlela by Carl 0. Gustafson of tha Padaral Vatar Quality Administration appearing In "Environmental Sclance k Technology" and dealing with this subject is attached for your information. Because of Monsanto*s concern over this problem, we hava discon tinued sales of PCBs where tha usage waa in so-called "open systems." We hava discontinued sales of Therminol* PR materials where tha usage would be in food prooeaalng applications. In addition, we hava encouraged Thenalnol* PR fluid customers to switch to other materials. As a result of theas efforts, many of our haat tranafar fluid customers hava switched from Themlnol* PR series fluids to other materials or systems. Our action in discontinuing salat for uaa in heat transfer aystarns has baan taken because of the problems which may arise should there occur accidental laakage of PCBa from such systems. Wa believe this action is in the beet interest of all our customsra who hava continued using these materials in heat transfer applications. NVF 003839 umt of Monsanto Comteny WATER PCB-SD0000074823 2 In order to help you accomplieh a change-over from Thermlnol* FH to another heat transfer fluid with the least difficulty, Monsanto will offer you the- following speoial services: 1) Ve have assembled a team of experienced engineers who will be available to visit your plant on request to consult with you on available alternatives. Of course, the decision is and will be yours as to how you elect to proceed. If you consider auoh a aervloe would be of assistance to you, pleaae telephone (314) 694-2514, or write dlreotly to Or. Cuamlng Pa ton, Monsanto Company, P. 0. Box 14617, St. Louis, Missouri 63178. 2) Ve will pay freight cost* incurred In returning the Therainol* PR to ua and will properly dispose of the material (by high temperature Incineration) at our cost. Ve will contact you concerning instructions about drainage, dru*ing and shipping of material to our facility in St. Louis. 3) Ve will accept return of any unopened drums of Thermlnol* M aeries product* which may be in your possession and credit you for this material at full purchase price if returned to us prior to Marsh 1, 1972. Va sincerely regret any hardship that this decision may causa you, but feel you will agree Monsanto haa mad# tha oorreot dads ion. Attachments Howard Bergsn, Olreotor Specialty Products Group Monaanto Industrial Chemicals Company ttVF 003840 WATER PCB-SD0000074824 feature PCB's-prevalent and persistent Intensified research ii needed to minimize their dangers Cft 0. OlMtafMHy Federal Wutr Qtmlity Administration, Athmu, Go. J)uring the pact thru years, a ipecial clam at mpnsdi, caM polychlorinated biphenyls (Pd'). ha* claimed the ittcntiM of ecologists and pesticide analysts in this country. Th* compounds were not tend m the environment until 1946 in Jut* dn and 1967 in the U S., despite tht fact i hat ihoy have boon available commereially for 40 yean. Interest m real has ariaen because iter? aro InqmMy found in IWi. bird. water, aodiimm, and Mhf anvireMMntal aamptm whin HMh Mmfta art namined for chierinaied petticidt twdua. That a nh variety of vamples contamini rct'i haa been collected from England. Scandi navia. The Netherlands Antarctica, r. ntr.i' Smcnca. ami many different r ... oi ilie U S. makes them truly uN.miinus pollutants. Polychlorobiphenyls are madt by -uhttituting chlorine atoma for one or more of the hydrofm atoma at the The Monsanto Co. stated recently in a letter to Congressman William F. Fran oi New York that at of August 30. it would no longue sell Kt'i m t customers fm use In $emmt pimtklm' operations where ditpetal of the endproducts eennoe he emtmHed. After tome log prnod--rfce Hem It talma m eventually dispose of the produett made from pen's and currently in processor's inventdtiet--the quantity of pen'sjttttint into the environment may he tubstannally reduced. If Monsanto's former customers look fee ret substitutes, rmhtr than punhasind Kt's from manufacturers in Japan md Europe, the protected decrease eeuJd become a reality. Carl G. Gusafm 14 turirwir.Ml Wen a Ti nuateni peiitiowa at the biphenyl Arodor. pcs'i are also manufactured in Europe and Japan, under trade mm* weh m and Clo- phen. The vmom ArocIon are dtl- ferentiatad by a four-digit number, with the last two digit* indicating (ba percentage of ehlonne in the miaturt. In the presssa of raplaeina hydreftn atoma with chlorine atoma, a larp nurnbar at wtaitutiM eeafeioafesas ahaa. For wampte, thtw monachteco- biphenyl iaomen an pomiMa, 12 di- chlorobiphanyl iaoman. 21 trkhtero- biphenyl iaoman. and to on. Thoemi- eaUy, 210 cetnpotindt can ba prepared by this wWtuttat proem; a typteal vsample would ba 2.4,6,2'4 penta- ehlorohipheayt. Whatwvw aretfatk hydrocarbons eh at biphenyls am chloriaaisd. th* product is a fjusiffij of compounds, in cluding fconmn. It ia ijuio diflcuH to synthaain unite, tpactflc chtem> biphenyl eontpauadi tte laboratory trnta iavsiw-! proMuri* tra . cm- pteytd- Consequently faer of th* iadi- vidual compound* tova bwn prepares! ia the pure form for mudy. In the eMMMfeinl presssa tm ret manufactun. biphanyt a chlotinsted with tnhydroua chlorina in tall cy lindrical towers with either iron filinp or ferric chloride * the eatalytt. The by-produet ia hydropn chloride; the product ia a mixture of aaveril rca'a. The ds|mt of chlorination a dMr- mined by meaaurini the ipseille frevity of tha mixture or, when tte product it mn vitcoua, tfca baU-and-rin| wit- enin|-poim tern a taed. The M pro cam mkm from 12 to 34 tarn. In tha U.S., tte cs*a mssrofegiurs? of pea's tha Monsanto Co., which mwtm thm tha trade name Tis.3 thm moat important physical pfop#rt of the pc*' art leer v^ ptesuree (they have high boiling poutts), low water aolubility. and high dielectric waataim Thsy arc mocifcte eisli mssa ofgams teivmtt compatible with many types of poly men. Although some individual polysMwobiptanyl wnpoutA are crys talline. the Aroclor misturea arc titbsr litguada or resins. Tha etemieai prepartiss that make pea's dwrabte mdusmai maunale are thatr eacallant tharmal stability, thair ttfM| reasstassa to both ecidie and bsa hydrotyaik and ttesir paare! iamw. Ttey art quiu Mtum to oeidatioa. Monsanto raparls, ia a witiHEfii teitetin on pet's, that thty can ba haatad to 140* C. under 260 p.a.i. of oayptj pfttsun "emhotA ihowing my avidanea of omdatmn m judpod by davelopmant of acidity or formation of siudfa.** Tk* ^yiWo^al pro^ni of tho pcs'i maka them poumially slgmAeant Mataminma of tie mmmmtm. For any pollutant, two fasten ate involved; eetMe toaicity, which immadiauiy avidant bocauaa of a high datth ru or other maiming effect; and chronic toeiefty. whkh ia th* mult of a ilow w6au>Efflssi of dM poiaoo m tfea My and is a sufelsiM tffKt. WlMMvtf acuta toaieity a high, a pollutant still ba readily ntepM end apptopriate remedial acdona will ba introduced. If. m ttes etteef hand. Esuta toaieity is low, NVF 003841 WATER PCB-SD0000074825 tha phytwfe^eai tSe>t wtU p> momm.fi until tha chrawc afftcti nmim ttawlow avidast. When tbs bappm, the proMtm may taw idvmomi ta yond immadiati or my eerreetioa. MOUtO tMW(|f All uudis of rca'i in caimoti indi- cau that aevt* toiletry not a |nift- cant factor. TW acutt toiidflM an oa thr rt*r ol them ol orhar ehtof*- aatad aromatic compound. Monunto haa ipotaorad two invmtigationt ot tha acuta toiicttiaa of Areeter mit- turn, to tha (Ud, t tha Koftsmig LabsfBMfy at (to Uahrarafy oI Go* cinntti, Dr. I. P. Trm aad to ca orlun invmtigated the toaerty ot Aroetar vapon (or pitw* pip, mm, rtbbua. and m. AH wimato urviv*d * 24-diy tspocurr to 0.1) p.p.m. ot Areeter 1242 for 7 how* par day aa 11 ol tbeaa day*. Evo altar mon pro tonfri tmta, than atara no mvan f (cm (ram Amelw 1242. fa tha aacand atwiinw, mil ia pmetim, thraa yroupt o( baa(tea r tad Arodor 1242. 1234, and 1260. rwptctivriy, at a rata of 100 p.p.m. in thatr dim A(ur thraa montlta m #tile ataortBiiMto haw batn nmeii. Similar itudiM on IWt hav* baaa par- (ormtd in tavaral labottiocm Dr. tichard Schoattpr ol tha Sport Fiah- arw n4 Wildlifa Ft*h*fKia4 Ro> arch Laboratory m Columbia, Mo., report* that M taw-Tt^, toiidtiaa ot tha Aroetem to trout ranpa (ram 1.17 to 60 p p.m. Compand to mr, whom 96 hour-rife, toticiry m 0.002 to 0.009 ppm. for trout, tha K* haw a mla* lively low acuta toaiciry. With tha mart anaitiva MuapUI. tha H hoar-TiM for Aroclor 1241 ta 0.271 p.p.m.. white th of dot ia 0,001 p.pm Aredar m* laua appsar to ha iaeandp popot* uemi to tha ehtoriaa ooaiaai of to mitturt. Shallflih. oyuan, te) BljfiHp sm- mm tamtam to mV Dr. Tom Duke, u tha Surata of Fiahtrwa Paatieida PteM ia- porn I00 mortality of |mA ptt hnmp axpotad to 0.10 p.p.m. of Ar (Mr 1134 m wtut for 44 taw*. Ttfa eoncantration of Arodor 1144 w* eauan a 100* teiw in (halt |Ml of oyatan after H tatn. To achioaa *hn mrm affacti with ast ta th-- a. porimnti. only O.OCfM p.pm. wi 0.01 p.p.m.. rtapoctivaly, n raquind. Thtra ia vwy link avidanaa that pca't an tons to iaaaea. iaidtea to 4a ihow that thay tn Isa ie tkm 4Mdm or mr. A* with teh.''thair * wty a^an to ho myaiWy pwp- tioasi to tta eiijsnta eeaM of tta wiaatra. /"' Dr.rrd ca tba ataso tea. rt ta u*> tewa4hta why tho pelyeMefoh*- pteayta, csfflraoreieliy availahla for 40 nut. taw only nwmiy uttnmd aiteotioa m ooo- tamiamm. . Tia dmie wAsttm of Kti pn- mm a Essaa dtevWai tituatteo; wvwiJ eiifcais efitesa taw tea tefvei It wm fesswite ftM by tte pcb'b hawa a o&m m testes, Prefeas? L L MeCyaa ste to e> orfcon at tha Uairantty of Mimoun feite iter (fMkkma fiyfeg ate ttoy on ia a feadlaa para of which tod tosa fratey paints! with a opssy psat Ciwfwi fawatifition muM Lte tto teas tee? w Aro ete? 1242, a tnste m tto put Wsa Areste? 1242 wan fad to tho tete it tfeo mm etoiresiori:i>is oScsia m teals tslmm Item. MaOm re> p?t3d: "Qrgffl patteo' iaciucM hy* dt^manHM, hytefaritcaiMj, m* Inrpi tern liw, ead litesrp. tssd tesEatessa of iatmd erpm. Mi* ______ eretwpioiUy tho k^*y nuU nittear dUe'ioa sad lumroig earn." Aaothar ehrwk ttfaa of rtm't to tefatad ia wildfowl. Tht toetmtdatim ol hipb coocaatmiona of ehioriaatad hydr*rboM in WrA retultad in d> fusion of normal braadiai Mina tnd in tha formation of thm-ahaliad tip. A dramatic taamplc of tha tffact tvea fe-so starve in tta cm of tte taowa palicon. Oa tte Aacsapa Mete atf tfes CtUferak co-it, m yoeag wr* tattM Ittt year tea 300 ptn of Min( bird. Tte teib of s ege;i laid hr oa thm Silas a dost KnJ tea tha *n waa p:eks4 up. Ttaw * two for tha laying of thia*ahal!ad ttm by fowi. Om if a low ekiM ia tha bird; tha othar ia tha inability of tha bird to ddiwr tta fiatossi ujeiua to ita ovtdtrt, whan tha. *taU formia(. Tha eatoum in tha avua H*d tha ealeitim r*rv ia tha te4ry taM sntw or madul* bona. fw4 ty in tamala tad wta toy tn bssAeg, u* attrdM by tha homeea mnoin. A hi# Irrni ia umattail witt tha (or* matioB of thia eakm nmrra. nnate hyAmsmisw, isiA so m, _------^ NVF 0038^2 WATER PCB-SD0000074826 chlotiisne, dteldnn. m4 rcs's, activate enrymes m the liver which transform estrogen into i more water-soluble compound that i re eddy eliminated from the bird'* My. Thti means that when ntrogen tevl art tow, calcium reserves will tlsa be tew. Mid there* fore very little esieium will be out* this fur ttron| cgplicll production. Dicldrtn and hci's ire more effective than pot m thti type of earyme-tnduc- non activity. Arocter 1262 lue n ea- iradiot depading potemii) four to fee omm that of py-ooe or t*^ka) grade opt. The ability of the female bird to deliver calcium to her oviduct during the livt 20 hours, when the egphcil d being formed. t related to the fuoenoning of the cnxymc carbonic anhydravc. When birds that have ea- hihited the ability to lay normal eggs are in reeled with a metabolite of dot (rmf just prior to the formation of the eggshell, they will ley thin-shelled eggs This indicates that nr alto in hibits the activity of carbonic anby- draie. the eiuyme that controls the tow of calcium frwn tht blood stream of the bird into its oviduct. Since dieidrin seeme to have no effect on carbonic anhydraae, we may assume that neither do the are's. How ever. these compounds delay breeding time significantly. Many ornithoiogitu feci that late breeding haa a stronger influence on the reduction of bird populations then docs the laying of ihm-shtlied eggs. If this true, ace's are a more potent threat than not to mir declining bird populations, es- pccislly for predatory birds that ac cumulate fairly high kwh of are's be cause they eat smaller animals that siready have concentrated ace's m their own tissues. Other investigators have produced gvidenc* to show that rr' are simi lar to sot in their activity. Or. loteph Street si Utah Stem Uniwntty bee shown tht when ace's wumulrti in the liver, they induce mkraaomat en*ymt activity by brinpng show more rapid metabolism of drop, iMccttodo, nd other foreign compounds. He fed rets a dim containing SO p.p.m. of Arcelor I2J4 or Areetof 1260 After 10 days on this dim. the test animate were administered hesobarbito! at a dose of ICO p p.m. to induce sleep. In eompmoi with a control group, the sleeping tinw for there ret* wre reduced by 6S to (0%. Street also found that Arode?, when ftd at the Mm tew), wll redwe* diuldfia tear- op us adipoae breuo by 90 to 9S*; in crease Miiint oudation by 200 to SOOS61 aad inareare sm datoaicaiioo by 4S0to 470*. In addition, the pca'i can** activMiMi of orgMothteptaphat* compounds, which advanaty iff the eyeicm. Tto laaer effact counterbaianere ilw dttoaifleation of dial- dnn. Normally, whan a mtMmtm retfviaw an ntyiM, a converiad to a watarv tsluida form that wiU ba attmtaamd from tha syatatn; hoeravar, thfa to aot th cm with pci's, keaun they tm main in iht gystam for protoipi pa nada of tima, thair aniyma indaetioa etivity is lwy preaant. In this way the normal concentration of important body chemicals may be lowered to tha poiat of bringing about melfunetioes in tha iyam. For **mpto. Strutt ba- Havre that the pc' bring d*w steroid dff*4*io, which can lead to altered missfim reUbonehips. Tha chronic taaldty to men is sa follows: " UJio fta dilsfiiiated gtphthatetM, tbs ehloriostsd diphenyls bare m 4Maet ttzma on tha My, aaaaly, ton effact Md s tow Km m the liver. The tenon la tte Uvtr is ta torn ytltow itrofSry. TWa bepato-tsais tote of the chlorinated di phenyl* wmn to be iacnared if tten swm to carta tatnchlorid* at tha tarn. time. Tha higher tha chlorinf content of tha diphenyl compound. tha mere toaie it la liable to ba. Oaldn of eWortaawI diphenyls are more lit treWremtel Mot * tmUtmtmff NVF 003843 WATER PCB-SD0000074827 . mais than (he noaisiis:d ma terials. The skin lesion i* known m chloraene, and consist* of small pimples and dirk pigmentation of the eipeuil arete, initially. Later, comedones tod pustule* dvtep. In persona who have suffered lysicmie mioaieation. the usual signs and symptoms art mum, vomiting. tow of weigh!, jaundice, tdcma. and ahdommtl pain. Where the liver damage ha been vre. the paiicm may paaa into coma and die. Set. V Irving, "Qmrermu Pro#truer nl Intfuurial Material!." )f4 nl., I'am Naurand-RHnkoid, New York. 194*. The ubiquity of fee's related to the wide spectrum of appUetftom (hat have been found for (ten. The largm tmfle ine of pc' it related to their rlccirical propertice--as caoUnt-intu- lanon fluids m transformer*. For thia purport the Areeteri art aha 10M under such trade aim m ChloretMt (Allts-Chalmen Mfg. Co ). Dykanof (Federal Pacific Electric Co.l. liter* tew iWtstin (house f.teeine Co.l, Nw- Aamnl (Wagner Electnc Co.). Pyrano* (General Eteetrk Co.), and Thermi- no! (Monsanto Co.). Other met of pci's indude forwsut*. lion into ballast* for fluorescent A*lures: impregnation of cotton and aa- Vsioe (or hraukd insulation of slec* irical *inne. j plasucucr in wire and . We coatings: capacitors and askanri- tspe transformers; and plasiicirers of unvi ch'onde polymar Alms. Because ui iheir thermal stability and Art re- i.'ijnce, the pci's also And application m hiph-pressurt hydraulic fluide. spevuli/ed luhrteams and gasket scaler*. he.it transfer agenu, and machine loot cuiung ml*. Miscellaneous use* in clude: formulation into some epoiy paints; protective coatings for wood, metal, and concrete; adherim; w4 is catteni* rcproducmi paper Ona of the primary manufacturers ofcarboo- tew reproducing paper aho setlg Ar. dors in an encapsulated form. Generally the kind* of agpttcaikMt described above iqpan that Ilia pc1 ill ba in many typa* of products Ihas cventuatty And iheir way (o the domes tic mstket. When used is mtnufacture of ballasts for fluorescent Allure* they ill be found in kitchen*. bathrooms, ***. and orttees throughout tb cowis try. Wtertvw form* ift that do not use carbon paper, one may And res'* formulated into the micro capsules of dye that cemprne tha re Am chremataaram A is of standard pattis*d mietute. * * tf0tM at hmstm 1244. er*) A + B * the chremetocram ef M ; SO mutate et both. The eoneenirttoon Anwslor 12M M pproaimatety to tuwn thoee the peatlcidee m K Itenet * doretondabte why FCB'a were not readMy receBnind M fpcbctfa ehtwnaMtraw. Om cMmtm|) (Ptehetd 7620) wtertrana; in flow SO ml./mtn. nttretem tern- pwretutws--oven. 210* C. inlet. 210* C.. detector. r C: Nl* ** *2t Paaactor. I' x Vfc* |ttw esiumii peM wen U'JO on Chremoaorb Q to-te moon. producing layer of the business form. ki'i haw ate found on the transparent rteti^s ud in eredit ert sharp forms. A* ptauicimn they cats be .aipected to a^M in many eo* Mtmtr ptasstea. Sm tte chronic loaiciiiet tte w tiplicaM. it becomes impottant to taw jMt tew eitemtsely the see s an distributed in the ecosystam. and tm how they And iheir way imo the environmatw. Bainwster in En gland. brown Mitt oft the cosat of Scotland, whits-uited sagtes in Iwtden. cod in tha BaHic Sea. mussels in The Netherlands, adelie penguin cggi in (he Anttretica. brown pelican cgp in Fanama. Arcik tame, shnmp m Florida, river water in Japan, waters in ihe Great Ukaa. human hair, and huifian adipoet lisaua--samples of all these have been found to contain res'*. vetea a, Ptes? it, im in NVF 003844 WATER PCB-SD0000074828 'tit** making thmn dan of widWy dmsmfwd pettumn. Tta ptwpsrtii of rcn'a Art arts teta induauialty unfit! m too WM prop*rt> that aw tta* to pcrtat in tha tawoamtat Thno te= dud* tharmal Eiabiliry, rwiMM to esiditioa and hydralyiit, aoiubility in a wide rang* of afgimis utmo, nw toeotubility. high dwlsems mM, m4 eomp*tibtlity with many typn of macromoiocula. Their otidation end hydrolyiia Pra'a more mhk and ptmtum ease oor. Conaequandy, tey emM arm* tuaily accumulate to a W^r concon- tratioa than dot, patiiy if the im of dot it tlMfpfy ntmitod in tta U-3L Tta aolubiiity of rca'i to nonpolar ofvann cipiaini why they an madily alxorbcd into fatty ttowe and into toe livar. Tteir rwwtanet to oxidation or b? typaa of etamkal dsgiQdc-Sea spiaina thair pmittiM to the ao> viranmam and aeeumuktioa in miaul tinue. TM latter affect haiwi both by tMr intoiufeility in water and aolubiiity in orpate Minna. Ttesij chemical mermen and vmmmm to tmtaboiiam account to thair to acuta toaieity. But m thay build up in a living system thair . ntrin approach** toaidty at which point chronic sikm maka theraelvea rviilsnt. It tat ten wuMiatad tta Mm. mg birds will accumulate larp coocen- batite of rax m tta * of tfe*. wfcito.taiiad sa#3, which baa ten found to have aa weh w 14.000 p.p.m, of rca'a. Nrafrina Wean*, takan ofl tta ea*t of California, wen found to tiava m much a 200 p.p.a. in lipid tiutM. When ihfiBip wart i t@ 10 p.p.h. of Arador 1254 far 4* boun, they accumulatad 1300 p.p.b. of oco'a, which rpiatt a ISfMaU a*ewomtto to vy ib^ eipoaod to aa idiMicai emwiiM of AndR 1254 for M tom csii Am placid in wm-hm wator for km day*, till h*4 a csnsj|aeBto of 33,000 p.p.h. of rci'a, which numinam a 330.t*(i eoncantratioo. TMi kmmm ttat arm though tta cooccatmiom of Wa art to tta pora-pcr-bilUoo raai to tta environment, their high lipid stability cauaaa tbtm to Ntoct in feoy tianiae of tow enuTinto tad masvm Efe. Ttenfwe, p*ct s tta top ol a fend chain wifl aiao accuimilitt irt to tfesir Mm, panicuiatty tfesii? Hptd tiaBua wrf livar, in much dM aama way m ttey riatt mt bpA i chlorinatad patofcttaa. BsTO0Bfttoteat3iiisyofp=a'o in wtm, wtea a tsitHioa w i of tea E&sliafial to a late, tey wil tmndta m to cto mant to talatiaaly bi^i thay to tfea m varp thtap. Tharafotn, b will uaually taka a tog ti3 to fiiisii m a eauaistM TBa mam that re*i tern not to tta ^y^m i ei oor, aad an not to anviion* mui at m a m/mm* tnttw M OT. tte KB'S M tot? wmy into tta hwoiiM aecMantaOp. wr dlihmtly tew* tMa tfca ^y way in pmptt- tfea can ba tniliaad. aen'a an not to* tainted to m into tta Mmmmmt, tat (toy 4 tesatiM item miqm imtol BSsyto by (ran baini dommi mm teip ' ttmihodi. Thw. tey ||y 4hy*--it- tte BO ef 05? md wtan te raato wra ia fcydr^^^, to^i- gmm Ind ttat tta wMieamratissi of rca'a to tta Mvimnwat a m hi|b ta tte of SST. Tban an *wtl way* by whkb peo'a gtt into tta KMytttm. Om of timm by teMTttto. Prtoueo mo- taiatof Kt't, m etonki ra* produdai papar in buainaia forma, ptoici faapadally ^ly*r Mm od tbaating that contain rcit at plantctoan), tfmn ballaau from fluoraaeast li|kt tatm, and object* toaiad with OMtinp, all find thair my in tha dty 4p or msin-tratt? for toatoi. Tta K`a do not tarn tat an vpsi4 ^y ait ten carriad into tta atmoaphan, whara ttay coltot oo particuiala matter and are sute* guantly mumf to the wrfw* el tta aaitb. into tta itven, lakaa, and eeaans. ta tola way they become widaly diatributad toraughout tba (lobal tnvirao- mant. Anettef aauraa probably land nrn-off from toduatrial waataa and dwnpa. A third the point of manu/actun and tba plant! wtaw ki i an pnowd into otter prodtist*. Ttay can threuth tta plant van- and tshattat tyatam* into tta i tad torauik ita wait* treat- i into aawen or dirKtly into watotwaya.'' NVF 003845 WATER PCB-SD0000074829 it a interesting to oou th the taci- 'dnet oi rca'i in taviroomeaul us* pin u higheit in iaduitniliwl tad ur> banned ireaa. Bird* whom primary habitat h tbt San Fraocbco Bay ana have a larger concentration of ki'i par unit oi body weight tka than to* cited in Oaje. Calif., whkA it com pletely rural. Aquatic life in the Archi pelago of Stockholm, the moat indus trial iied area of Sweden. wf* found to kav a higher concentration of rca'i ihan (lsf> umptei taken from te im. em coaai of Swetten, a leas dv{p4 area. S#dimflt tampte taken from southern portion* of Late Michipa have a higher concentration of pcn'i than thoM from other parta of the lake. Moflunto state* that trad a recant change in merketini policy (tee meet, pape IM), taka of Aradon wars m- creasing at the rate of t% per year. While this inerraea tat not mm ap mfkant, it may be imponant if the in creased comumptiofl in eenttifMr product* and thus would ted their way into our normal tolid waste dispaul systems. Such an ouwimfM* wM man a <kUnite increiae of kb rates in the environment, and therefore a marked increase in their chronic toa- kity effects. rca'i w* net teeovtred in environ- mmttl wmptM until very reeomly im teverai num Fun, as radicated above. they have not ten deliberately dtstritafd about te temymm. Secorally, because of their riluiwly tow cut* toxicilks, thnt presaegs was Mt immediately evident. Praaltf, they an difficult to detect aneiyticaily. fiw rca'i were flnt datasted id i*. terferraf peaks in tha pa chromatograp'tss analysis (06) of tsvimutiestil tamplaa being arafyaari te ehtoriaml pastieid.3 residues. Wtat pea's am prsaam in a sample they givo a ptttn of atveral p*aJa, whoaa reuntioa umae an umilar to thoaa of dMtfria, ter, on*, aldrin, and htptaehtaf oaida. Be came tha peak* w*r not large or harp, investigators fata M igasra tem until 1 Janaaa, in Sweden, mi * kiaabraugh. at tha Univanny of California at iertotay, idtatifci tbaoi a, rrepdini to common emwtim* an of enwoiam tampke ketng analyzed te peraktant paatiddea. The probtem of te imarfafaneaa of Pca` with the analyak of other chlori nate peattetdes has ten largety ovarm by pmr traatmant of tha tain* pk. Several investigtiora hava uaad column ehfMMtap'tfhy to wperata ae' from eMofiaatod particidca. At a wm ***, ipcoior^i by Um PWQ*'a National Water Quality Lab oratory, Duluth, Man., a fpa:ml protarn wm reee*d*d ter taperetin oi rca'i from paniadD. In thk prosedurvi for ftiffiampici, te tamplo is extracted with taxaa* id in mplv putted* analyaia. St la thsu partitioned with acetonitrila to mtm fats, tho clcaaad-up ism b paaad thfeugla a Fluohail taws raid tea throu^ a iliac acid catena. Finally, te tampt* naoiy2s>l by ^ chromatography, with a chJonde-apadik datactor. In ttea way te prilieides ora retaiatd m te tilicac acid ealwoa fa- late etam tad idMtiAesta. To Mly te cignifeapso of Ka'i m onvireamamcl polliitant*, e<l- ditiooal nuttil i> cd'SdI. No a raally' kaowt te osicat of te ehranie Qdmm oi dtanauil hydraev- mmwk Xmim pTwONni-- --iinTT, i m nr ..... rii-r-Ti k-n t m ~ r, tA-i rcr -g--ii-Al W OT&8hiA cnaiM am: AlifesM^i rct'i m terr-Di to m> evstmkm ia taaan etpu ato to not Itnw at wta emssaimism tey wm toxhM twe efesaa. Will ttaaa ehrmto eSem ha iMm to tea ten tn wadt-wrand ea- gyTPa fftiviry, elciuaa mataWta in- hibitioB. and m onf WhM m oihar paDihSa shrank efesla? WWeh of te nany ft eoaa* pefi3 in te cMiMroaliy availnMa mismna are wpotWi tar tlaaar t* isisy-? Cm ^nwreial Feo matum ba resg'gsj) m oiisainata te tsais esra- parasnaa? Pm (ampin art required to tarn that cjiKffiiisas. At te pre-aai &SB3 earts eeatiGisiag it te fwq*'s Waaar Ltemory m eras oassi of te Arador mixtum into ih mit ooiwpwiBBtt, and to identify cacti compoMflt Wa iKsd m tee* all te uaaa for te ki'i. What te aamiai ^t- tlon of rca'af Our knowtadaa of thoaa (tea UnM cad! meiM ba a- faeta itoiW ba ifMOTU! r.ss3?p.ts!'y ifeosfniipa !isw tey p into te mrinaot, er.il taka asps to prrant fmta MtniooiiMntal gsajaaiiaatlsa tsy tfcsaj. fa vioar te wmflmity of te Mam and amnia ^umitMiM t39lyD of Ka'i in ^Mnat^ tuai* Amb. a mi^tteward, What ia te fata of rca'i in bj*- uril waunf Mm aaada M ba knows of thoir eortkkaa bottom mliami and water. Tta weal if we am to bow tag it will taka for a riaar bad to kn itaeif of mttuninatm. It wifl tte be whd wtan aaaeaaiog te efface of rca'i aa sumt lift that fc:d ca te bottom of lakaa, riven, and aatuarka. W tboidd ako totra tow atom ro Nubility ia water of vamui tak ttmgthe. Am pnaent waste treatment cy- teres ralaquato to haadk rai? te tg. dal MaMM ocasl to be ukm wto pea's m part of te wtna efilusot fci- ing treated? By trytng to mm of ten u- twan mw, m may ind tet we are a pBtMtwfl to esatrol te maps of rca'i into tha environment before ad- ditionai dwnp i dene. So action i taken only after it is evident that tiueuve dmap h* rulttd frw a pDiieuisr pollutant In te cm of te rca'i a* may have u opportunity to resolve the tjtuuwn before that Hubbard. H. U "Chtorketad liphenyt and RMtM CsmmtMi." Cncyeto> mSm oi OMnkal Teslinotsgy. 2rid ed.. , iiTteregisr.ea PuM., Hew Ym, H.Y.. IMd. m 2B-aM. Rwynolda. L M., tuft. Cmrfran. Contam. Takeal. 4, i (1Mb). Rksbrough, R. N., at el, Neture 230 UNO). Cart G. tUrmn oi rhe Doporimom of GkmmtMfy of Kings Coilno. trianUt Manor. N.Y.. rw retred e Pk.D. In orpenfc ehtmltny from tho UoivtrtUy of Ortmmro Im 1937. Ourfng te 1969-70 teodtmic tom, he wa> m Iwt er. te JdwhMir IFnrer Ltiomety Im ArAmt, G.. where he ftadied rrnee orgMk mmlysis Im mms rflutnti. 4 s a me- her of rhe NoiIomI Wm* Conramf- aatwi Ckarmsmiimtim fferea^h Fr*. intm. he worked with KS'r and pulp and ptper f// ef/funm. VnHmm k Nmmsa tt, tefta 1 It* NVF 0038^6 WATER PCB-SD0000074830