Document zdm7kQVKRkaNoy4QvkRYMNK36

882 CHAPTER 58 1965 Guide And Data Bopk ASA B2.1. Right-hand threads are used unless otherwise ordered. To facilitate drainage, some elbows have the thread tapped at an angle to provide a pitch of the connecting pipe of } in. to the footi.These elbows are known to the trade as pitch elbows and are commercially available. All threaded pipe joints should be made up with a thread paste suitable for the service for' which the pipe is'to be used. Sawed joints are limited by the Code for Pressure Piping to not over 3 in. nominal size for refrigerant pressure 250 psi or less, 1$ in. for refrigerant pressures above 250 psi and not over 4 in. for water and brine. Screwed-on flanges are not per mitted in axes.larger than those given above. Bushings are not permitted for reductions of a single pipe size. For-screwed brass or copper refrigerant pipe, extra heavy fittings are required. Table 4 contains pertinent threading data for standard weight, extra strong and double extra strong steel, and wrought-iron pipe: The normal engagement of pipe threads is given in Table 5.. PIPE FITTINGS - Pipe is joined by butt welding one length to another, or by mang fittings. Pipe fittings are made in a variety of forms such as elbows, tees,-couplings, reducers, and unions, mid may be screwed, flanged, or welded. The type of fitting-to be used is' determined by the pressure of the fluid being carried, or by the intended use of the pipe line. The materials generally used are steel, cast iron, malleable iron (heat treated cast,iron), 'copper, brass, stainless steel, alloy steel, or bronze. The material used also depends upon the pressure and characteristics of the fluid. Fittings are designated and sized in accordance with Ameri-. ran Standards Association specifications and are' identified by their nominal pipe sizes. In the case of reducing tees, crosses, and Y-branches (lab; erals); the size of the largest tun opening is given first, fol lowed by the size of the opening at the opposite end of- the run. Where the fitting- is a tee or Y-branch (lateral), .the, size of the outlet'is given last. Where the fitting is a. cross, the largest side-outlet opening is the third dimension given followed by the opening opposite. The straight line sketches,fig. 1, illustrate how-the reducing fittings are designated. Where an external thread is wanted, the word male follows the.size of that opening; Female indicates an internal thread. Allowable pressures for solder-type fittings are given in American Standards B16.18--1963, Caei Bronze Solder-Joint Pressure Fittings, and B16.22--1963, Wrought Copper and Bronze' Solder-Joint Pressure Fittings. Data on'solders are Table 4.. . .'Threading Data for Pipe N"" Pipe OD Stamford Weight Extra and Double Extra Strong Coopor pGng bid)* - OO Cou Thread* Cou pling Length per Inch Coupling OD pling Length X 0.405 .27 H 0.540 18 H 0.675 18 K 0.840 14 K 1.050 14 0.563 .0.719 0.875 1.063 1.313 lH. 1He 1He 1He IK `27. 18 18 14 14 0.563 0.719 0.875 1.063 1.313 1*6 IK IK 2* 2X 1 1.315 UK 1.576 2 UK Vi. 1.660 ,HK 1.900 2*6 UK IK 1.990 liK .2.200 2*6 11K 2 2.375 UK 2.750 2* - UK 2K 2.875 8 - 3.250 3K 8 1.576 2.0542.200 .2.875 3.375 2K. 2* 2X 2K 4K 3 3.500 ' 8 4.000 3X 3H 4.000 8- 4.625 3K 4 4.500 8 5.000 3K 5 5.663* 8 6.296 3K 6, 6.625 8 . 7.390 4 8 4.000 4k 8 - 4.625 4K 8 5:200 4K 8 6.298 4K 8 7.390 4K 8 8.625 --' _ , 8 0.625 5* 10 10.750 ' -- -- ` '-- 8 11.750 5* , 12 12.750 -- -- -- 8 14.000 6K 14' 14.000 -- -- -- 8 15.000 6K 16 16.000 -- .-- 8 17:000 6H __18 18.000 . ___ ` _ 8 19.000 7K 20 20.000 -- -- -- 8 21.000 7K ah in k Taper cl threads is X taper It on diameter an *Usi*e* of pip*, and in coo* pUnza at IX in. end over. Couplings 1 in. sad smaller an straight tapped. - * 5.563 for eopper and red brass pipe. given in Table 6. Allowable pressures for ferrous screwed, flanged, and-welding fittings according to ASA specifications are given in Table 7. Steel welding (butt or socket type) fittings may be used-far. the same pressure as the pipe, provided wall thickness (or schedule number), and &lso the material, are the same as the pipe on which-they are.used. - Screwed fittings include:-couplings, elbows (45 or 90), return bends (close and open),- tees, crosses, laterals (Y- 4i4i2 *ur * *+>1 4Ut>t Fig: I . *4i3rt ,CROSS Description of Tees and Laterals (ASA B16.3) 1 Table 5 .... Normal Engagement of.Tight-fit. Male and Female Pipe Threads, -For Amman Standardand API Pipe Thread* " Pipe Sixes Engaged length* la Pipe Site* Engaged length* la HK K X. KH . X K H *6. 1- % ix % IK l*6 : 2 -H 2K 3 3* 4 6 6 8.'. 10 12 **6 1 1*6 IX IK IX. IX. IK IK Dimension shown is the normal tight-fit *1^--4 *!*-*from its isad* inf edge cf th* female thread back to the loading edge of the mats thread. No 4 Pipe, Tube, and Fittings 883 Table 6 .... Solder Data--.- Solder or Brazing A0oj> Coatposfion 50-50 Tin-Lead, ASTM-B32, 50A 95-5 Tin-Antimony, ASTM B32, 5A 50% Pb-50% Sn 95% Sn-5% Sb Melting Point, F Siort Complete - -358 414 450 465 Shear Strength Under Sustained load, ps At 75 F At 150 F At 250 F 83.4 46.6 26.6 327.0 213.5 126.7 Silver Solder* 45% Ag-15%Cu, 24% Ca, 16% Zn 1120 1145 8340 8340 8340 Phos. Copper* 95% Cu-5% P 1310 1650 8340 ' 8340 8340 Note: A refety factor of 8.0 ts incladed in the above figures. To determine the internal pressure corresponding to the shear strength in the above table, use the * For most joints in refrigeration Pressure, pounds per square inch - 4SL/D vkert 8 -- shear strength, pounds per square inch. L -- length of joint, tnehr*. D -- outside diameter of tubing, inches. wbethm shop- or field-made, either diver adder or pboe. eopper is used. branches), plugs, caps, lock nuts, flanges, bushings, and re ducing fittings (elbows, tees, and couplings). Reducing fittings and bushings may be eccentrically tapped to permit., drainage of condensate. Sometimes nipples are erroneously called fittings. Actually a nipple is a piece of pipe less than 12 in. long that has been . threaded on both ends. Pipe 12 in. or longer is regarded as cut pipe. Nipples are classified as dose or full thread, shoulder, short, and long. A close nipple is about twice the length of the pipe thread since the threads actually meet. A shoulder nipple has. a shoulder between the threads and is further' classified as short or long. All shoulder nipples are cut to specific lengths and sold in that manner. " - As a general rule, flanged joints are used when it is ex pected that the line will be disassembled quite often. There are three types of joints for attaching the flange to the pipe:, screwed, welded, or lapped/Types of contact surface,will be Hisr-iiBBpd in the next section. Tables 8 to 13 give data on various types of ferrous fittings. Refrigerant flanged fittings and flanges were standardized in 1948. These may be expected, during the next few years, to supersede manufacturers' standards which differ somewhat, .among themselves but conform more or less closely to the. etandard. The Code for Pressure Piping provides that facing . of refrigerant flanges shall be of the retained gasket type (male - and female, tongue-and-groove, or ring). All manufacturers' standards specify the tongue-and-groove type. It is necessary to match flanges to be sure they come from the same manufao- Toble 7 .... ASA Specifications and Pressures for Screwed and Flanged fittings Type of fitting Saturated Specification Steam Pressure Png*: Cast Iron--Flanged... ............ Cast Iron--flanged......................... Cast Iron--Flanged.-.-.. ........................... Cast Iron--flanged (refrigeration)... Cast Iron--Screwed....... .............................. Malleable Iron--Screwed.......................... Malleable Iron--Screwed.......................... Brass or Bronze--Screwed....................... Brass or Bronze--Screwed.......... 8teel--Flanged................... ;;........................ B16.-1 . 125 . B16b , .-250 Bl6bl 800 , B16.16 - - . 300 B16.4 125 and 150 B16A 150 B16.19 . 300 , B 16.15 125 B16.17 250 B16.5 . 2500 *Preeanre mar redact with increasing ere*. This pressure b the mariroum Hietier tunaure* marb* allowed with town temperature*. - turer and to be sure that one of the pair is tongued and one grooved, and this frequently leads to annoying delays and extra joints in lines. It also'requires the carrying of larger inventories in plants or shops using equipment from several manufacturers. fittings for copper tubing are available in soldered, flared, or compression types (see fig. 2). fittings for copper pipe of IPS dimensions are available in screwed or soldered types. Tables 14 and 15 give data for solder-type fittings for copper tube and pipe. Stneal Joints are divided into two categories, according to the ASA B9.1 code. These are as follows: Table 8 .... Dimensions of Screwed Cast-Iron 90nd 45-Deg Elbows, Tees, and Crosses (Class 125) [SlraijU Sim) ' Nom inal Pipe Size to End, Bbsm, Center to End,' AS- and Crones Deg Elbows A C of Alia 0 Inside Diameter Width ef of Fitting Metal Thick- Outside ttowb Mia F ' Mb Max Mfat G ft- K 0.81 - 0.73 0.32 0.38 0.584 0.54C 0.110 0.93 K 0.95 0.80 0.36 0.44 0.719 0.675 0.120 1.12 X 1.12 0.88 0:43 0.50 0.897 0.840 0.130 1.34 K 1.31 0,98 0.50 0.56 1.107 1.050 0.155 1.63 1 1.50 , 1.12 0.58 0.62 1.3S5 1.315 0.170 1.95 1* 1.75,- 1.29 0.67 0.69 1.730 1.66C 0.185 2.39 IK 1.94 i:43 0:70 0.75 1.970 1.900 0.200 2.68| 2 2K `3' ' 3K 2.25 2.70. 3.08' 3.42 1,68 1.95 2.17 2.39 0.75 0:92 0.98 1.03 0.84 0.94 1.00 1.06 2:445 2.97S 3.600 4.100 2.375 2.875 3.500 4.000 0.220 0:240 0.260 0.280 3.28 3:86. -4.62' 5.20 ;'4 ' TW~ '2.61 5 -' 4.50 3.05 6 5.13 ' 3t46 r8 6.56 4.28 1 OR T:i8. 1 28 U47 1.12 1.18 1.28 1.47 4.600 4.500 0.310 5.79 5.663 5.663 0.380 7.05 6.72S 6.625 0:430 2 8.28 8.725 :8.625 0.650 10.63 io r`6s'8.08* 5.16 1.63 10.850 10:75C 0.6OT 13:i2 12 9.50* 5.97 1.88 1.88 12.850 12:750 0.800 15:47 ..From Aiomca* StanAatA CaM-lren Savwel Fitting*. Clare 135, ASA B15.4-1948. All durum*inn*' given in lnebc*-c' :-'2~ '' * TMs irrlWa tn tiltrwn ini tm