Document zdQmazEm5MkbEJJbXRO8EjOGR

TECH N I C A L B U. L L E T I N r THE AROCLOfT POLYCHLORINATED POLYPHENYLS A series of heat-resistanL0arrflally ineruaod' fire-retarding corn^otfdSwOTTgi^^f^m-rnobile .Hy liquids thp&dgh viscousj$tns and solidsit*rt--perform-yrrfque functjorfs'ln over a hundred dif ferent ifidustriaf anffprodtrct-applications. TECHNICAL BULLETIN O-FF/1 v 0931979 | TOWOLDMON0032152 WATER_PCB-00016621 THE AROCLOr POLYCHLORINATED POLYPHENYLS Nn f{J -'V ' //; . -i 5 &A./-1 T/l2r A !/r> V' ". A series of heat-resistant, cbfcfTi76ally ineru-and fire-retarding -oify liquids' thp&<Tgh viscous^efTns and solidsetht --perform iMTfque functi&fl'sln over a hundred dif ferent tfuiusTria! and^product applications. TECHNICAL BULLETIN O-FF/1 FLUIDS The informalion contained In this bulletin is, to our bast knowledge, true end eccurate, but el recommenrleHcns or suggestions ire msda without gun rentes, since the conditions o< use ere beyond our control The Monsanto Company disclaims my liability incurred in connection with the use ot these data or suggestions furthermore nothing contained herein shatl be ccnstiued as S recommendation to use any product in conflict with existing patents covering any material or Its use. Organic Division / 800 N. Lindbergh Blvd. / St. Louis, Missouri 63I6S 001980 TOWOLDMON0032153 WATER_PCB-00016622 Table of Contents GENERAL PHYSICAL PROPERTIES CHART . 4 ELECTRICAL APPLICATION OF AROCLOR . 7 Dielectrics for Askarel Type Capacitors and Transformers.................................7 --impregnating Compounds ........ 7 MECHANICAL APPLICATIONS OF AROCLOR. 10 Expansion Medium.................................................11 -Liquid Sealant for Furnace Roofs......................11 Vacuum Diffusion Pump Oil.............................. 11 AROCLOR IN SPECIAL PRODUCT FORMULATIONS..................................................... 12 Sealers for Gaskets.................................................12 Dedusting Agent.................................................12 ^-insecticides.......................................................... 12 Precision Casting Waxes................................... 12 Abrasives.............................................................. 13 - Specialized Lubricants........................................13 industrial Cutting Oils................................ . 14 lit frikr ' hh.-ni ['? fit- / Th- :vr- ///VI, Appendix <- Methods for Emulsifying . . ; ...........................15 Solubility Table..........................................................16 Vapor Pressure.......................................................... 17 Vaporization Rates..................................................... 18 Corrosion Resistance of Structural Materials. . 19 Viscosity Table.......................................................... 20 Density Table.............................................................. 21 Dermatology & Toxicity............................................ 22 _j>afe Handling..........................................................23 Shipping Information.................................................23 Ask your Man from Monsanto for additional Aroclor literature: Askarel Inspection and Maintenance Guide --Aroclor Plasticizers Technical Bulletin -- Therminol FR Ffuid Heat Systems ------ Engineering Heat Transfer Data ' Aroclor, Therminol, SteroX, Santomerse, Formvar, Lustron, and Resinojj are registered trademarks of Monsanto Company. 0431981 2 TOWOLDMON0032154 WATER_PCB-00016623 What are the Aroclor Polychlorinated Polyphenyls These compounds are a series of chlorinated bi phenyls and chlorinated polyphenyls. They range in form and appearance from mobile oily liquids to fine white crystals and hard transparent resins. Aroclor is non-oxidizing, permanently thermo plastic, of low volatility, and non-corrosivc to metals. Aroclor is not hydrolyzed by water, al kalis, or acids. The viscous liquids and resins will not support combustion when heated alone, and they impart fire-resistance to other materials. Crystalline Aroclor is relatively insoluble, but the liquid and resinous compounds are soluble in most of the common organic solvents, thinners and oils. All Aroclor chlorinated compounds are insoluble in water, glycerine or the glycols. Aroclor 5460 is insoluble in the lower molecular weight alcohols; 4465 is only partly soluble in the lower alcohols, 'Aroclor is-wsed alone for a particular physical job,' -such'-as -insulating, and as-a sealant or expansion ^media. Aroclor is also used as a component or ex - tender in elastomers, adhesives, paints, lacquers, garnishes, pigments and waxes. The properties imparted by Aroclor (and their usefulness in par . ticular applications) vary in regular gradient over 'The-serles.lSeleciion of the right Aroclor for a par ticular iise caiugeneralb'-be. made by comparison of the properties, by blending two or more, and by ' adjusting the percentage used in the particular mixture in which the Aroclor'will be formulated. The following table describes the properties of twelve Aroclor chlorinated compounds, each of which is representative of a series. Kop^alm,ost every Aroclor showp^he ` ' ' '' of approximately^die same characteristics, T pure/Tmt are lertt'er in pri 0*31982 TOWOLDMON0032155 WATER PCB-00016624 General Physical Properties of the Aroclor Chlorinated Compounds form........................................................ Aroclor 1221 Colorless mobile oil Color......................................................... Acidity Maximum (Mgm. KOH per Gm.)... Average Coefficient of Expansion__ cc/cc/C Typical Density Specific Gravity....................................... Pounds per gallon -- 25C(77F).............. Distillation Range -- ASTM D-20 (Mod.) Corr. C................................................. 50 Max. (APHA) 0.014 0.00071 (15-40C) 1.182-1.192 (25/15.5C) 9.85 275-320 Evaporation Loss -- % -- ASTM D-6 Mod. 163C............................................. 5 hrs. 100c............................................. 6 hrs. flash Point - Cleveland Open Cup........... C F Fire Point -- Cleveland Open Cup.............C F Pour Point - ASTM D 97........................ C F Softening Point -- ASTM E-28................. C F Refractive Index - D-line -- 2QC............... Viscosity -- Saybolt Universal 210F (98.9C) See. (ASTM - D-88) 130F (54.4 C) 100F (37.8C) NONE indiultt - "No fin point up to boilmt lempotlto'i" -- 1.0 to 1.5 141 -150 286-302" 178 349 Crystals at PC Crystals at 34 F - 1.617-1.618 30-31 35-37 38-41 Aroclor 1232 Practically colorless mobile oil 50 Max. (APHA) 0.014 0.00073 (25-100C) 1.270-1.280 (25715.5*0 10.55 290-325 -- 1.0 to 1.5 152-154 305**310 238 460 -35.5 -- 32 1.620-1.622 31-32 39-41 44-51 Aroclor 1242 Practically colorless mobile oil 50 Max. (APHA) 0,010 0.00068 (25-65C) 1.381-1.392 (25Y15.5C) 11.50 325-366 3.0 to 3.6 0.0 to 0.4 176M80 348-356 None* -- 19 2 1.627-1.629 34-35 49-56 82-92 Aroclor 1248 Colorless to light yellowgreen, clear, mobile oil 50 Max. (APHA) 0.010 0.00070 (25-65C) 1.405-1.415 (65/15.5C) 12.04 340-375 3.0 to 4.0 0.0 to 0.3 193-196" 379-384 None -7 19.4 - 1.630-1.631 36-37 73-80 185-240 Aroclor 1254 Light yellow viscous oil 60 Max. (APHA) 0.010 0.00066 (25-65C) 1.495-1.505 (65/T5.5C) 12.82 365-390 1.1 to 1.3 0.0 to 0.2 None None 10 50" . - 1.639-1.641 44-48 - 260-340 1800-2500 OO^83 TOWOLDMON0032156 WATER_PCB-00016625 Arocloi 1?60 Light yellow soft sticky resin 50 max. (APHA) 0.014 0.0006? (20-100C) 1.555-1.566 (90yi5.5C) 13.50 385-420 0.5 to 0.8 0.0 to 0.1 None None 31 88 _ 1.647-1.649 72-78 3200-4500 - Aroclor 1262 Light yellow sticky clear resin 50 Max. (APHA) 0.014 0,00064 (25-65C) 1.572-1.583 (90o/]5.5oC) 13.72 395-425 0.5 to 0.6 0.0 to 0.1 None None 35-38 99 - 1.6501-1.6517 86-100 600-850 OOO'r or 71*0 -- Aroclor 1268 White to off-white powder 1.5 Max. NPA (molten) 0.05 0.00067 (20-10QC) 1.804-1.811 (25/25C) 15.09 435-450 0.1 to 0.2 C.O to 0.06 None None - - 150 to 170 (hold pt.) 302 to 338 (hold pt.) - -- Aroclor 4465 Light-yellow, clear, brittle resin 2 Max. NPA (molten) 0.05 0.00061 (25-65C) 1.670 (25y25C) 13.91 230-320 at 4 mm. Hg. 0.2 to 0.3 0.0 to 0.02 None None - - 60 to 66 140to 151 1.664-1.667 90-150 <266F orWC) - Aroclor 5442 Yellow trans parent sticky resin 2 Max. NPA (molten) 0.05 0.00123 (25-99"C) 1.470 (25V25C) 12.24 215-30D at 4 mm. Hg. 0.2 0.01 247 477 > 350 > 662 46" 115 . ' 46 to 52 115 to 126 300-400 Aroclor 5460 Clear, yellowto-amber, brittle resin 2 Max. NPA (molten) 0.05 0.00179 (25-124C) 1.670 (25/25C) 13.91 280-335 at 5 mm. Hg. 0.03 1.5 to 1.7 (at 260"- 6 hrs.) None None - 98 to 105.5 208 to 222 1.660-1.665 -- Aroclor 2565 Black, opaque, brittle resin - 1.4 0.00066 (25-65C) 1.734 (25",25C) 14.44 - 0.2 to 0.3 None None - 66 to 72 149to 162 - -- ~~ 0431984 B| TOWOLDMON0032157 WATER_PCB-00016626 RESISTANCE TO DRYING Aroclor is non-drying. Kven when exposed to air in the form of thin films, no noticeable oxidation or hardening takps place. However, when used as a component of paints, varnishes or lacquers, it does not retard the rate of drying of the films. Quick drying varnishes and paints can be made using Aroclor in the formulation. FIRE-RESISTANCE / Viscous, oil-like Aroclor and,die''Aroclor resins do not support combustiorytfnen heated alone, even at their boiling points/ temperatures in excess of ShO^C. Most of the Aroclor chlorinated com pounds fiux rea^Jfly with other resinous and pitch like material/o make mixtures that gain in fire retardanccyproperties. Even when incorporated in nitro-ceHulosc films and rubber foams, Aroclor will retaro the rate of burning. , ADHESIVENESS AND THERMOPLASTICITY The Aroclor resins adhere strongly to smooth surfaces such as glass, metal, varnished or lac quered coatings. / Aroclor is permanently thermoplastic. It appar ently undergoes' no condensation or hardening upon repeated melting and cooling. Clear Aroclor resins can be supplied with softening points up to 205C. Opaque, crystalline Aroclor can be sup plied with initial melting points up to approxi mately 290F. STABILITY Toward Alkalies -- Aroclor is remarkably re sistant to the action of either hydrolyzing agents or high temperature. It is not affected by boiling with sodium hydroxide solution. Toward Acids - Experiments were made to de termine whether hydrogen chloride is evolved dur ing the treatment of Aroclor with sulfuric acid. Aroclor 1254 (selected as typical) was stirred with an equal volume of ten per cent sulfuric acid for a period of 150 hours. Any gases escaping from the reaction flask had to pass through a trap filled with silver nitrate solution, which would give a precipitate of silver chloride if any HC1 came in contact with it. After 150 hours of treatment, neither the trap solution nor the acid layer in the treating flask showed any hydrogen chloride present. Even prolonged treatment (255 hours) with con centrated sulfuric acid indicated negligible effect. Toward Heat - Aroclor is a useful heat transfer media because of its stability to heat. Aroclor 1254 and particularly the less viscous Aroclor 1248 are recommended for this purpose because they may be heated ^t'Cemperatufe^ up to 315C (600Ej in a closed system tor-long periods without appre ciable decomposition and they are fire-resistant. Toward Oxidation -- When Aroclor is subjected to a bomb test at 140C with 250 pounds oxygen per square inch, there is no evidence of oxidation as judged by development of acidity or formation of sludge. ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY Aroclor has extremely interesting electrical charac teristics: high resistivity and dielectric strength and low power factor. The dielectric constant ranges from 3.4 to 5.0 at 100C and 1000 cycles, depending upon the particular Aroclor. SOLUBILITY All Aroclor chlorinated compounds are insoluble in water. They are soluble, however, in most of the common solvents, plasticizers, and resins. The Aroclor oils a^d resins are readily soluble in most of trn? comrnonorganic solvents and drying oils. HardVrystallineNAroclor is in' general less soluble thamthe liquid\or softer Aroklor resins. Aroclor is heaVier than water, a valuable property for many applications. \ 0431985 ^ TOWOLDMON0032158 WATER_PCB-00016627 Electrical Applications of Aroclor Aroclor is one of the purest commercial chemical compounds, virtually free of even traces of con ducting impurities. For this reason, dielectric properties of Aroclor closely approximate the theoretical maximum for these particular organic compounds. With its stability, heat-resistance and fire resistance - Aroclor can be used for a variety of heavy-duty dielectric applications. ` 7?v. v'<v'v DIELECTRICS FOR ASKAREL TYPE CAPACITORS AND TRANSFORMERS Aroclor is used per se in capacitors and is formu lated for the liquid coolant-insulation fluids in transformers. Such dielectrics must be highly pure with dependably minimal traces of electrolytes. They must be chemically stable and non-corrosive to a wide variety of structural materials. Most im portant, the dielectric fluid must be fire-resistant. Aroclor is the only liquid in low cost commercial supply that meets these exacting requirements, Aroclor liquids 1242, 1248, 1254, and 1260 are used directly, or are carefully formulated with chlorinated benzene and other additives to make askare) fluid for particular needs. Typical formu lated askarel fluids are shown on the following pages. Aroclor liquids 1242 and 1254, themselves or in special formulations, are used as the dielectric in fixed paper capacitors, for the power factor correc tion in utility transmission lines; for home ap pliances such as air conditioners, furnaces, washers and driers; for electric motors; and for ballast in fluorescent fixtures. There are also a number of applications in DC systems, in con densers, and the new energy storage capacitors. The Aroclor fluids can be used in a wide variety of applications requiring a specialized dielectric. Monsanto works Closely with electrical equipment makers to devedbp the proper dielectric with the exact physieal properties required by the engineer ing of the equipment. IMPREGNATING COMPOUNDS Because of its nonflammability, high resistivity, dielectric strength ancVlow power factor, liquid and resinous Aroclor/is extremely useful./as an impregnating compound. An important applica tion of Aroclor inahe electrical field is^he use of Aroclor 1260, 4465, and 0460 in wire or cable coatings and impregnants for cotton and asbes tos braided/nsulation. Because they possess high purity and excellent electrical resistance, Aroclor 1254, 5460 and 1268 make superior dielectric sealanj's to close the pores of carbon resistors, and to se/l electrical bushings and terminals. To attain the lowest possible loss factor and gain resistivity, Aroclor is often treated with about 0.20% by weight of Attaupulgus clay or Fullers earth. To activate the earth it should bo heated to 450-500F. ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES Dielectric Constant at 1,000 Cycles (1) Aroclor 26 C 100C Volume Resistivity (2) Ohm-cm at 100C, 500 Volts D.C. Dielectric Strength (3) 1232 5.7 4.6 1242 5.8 4.9 Above 500x10s Greater than 35KV 1248 5.6 4.6 Above 500x10 Greater than 35KV 1254 5.0 4.3 Above 500x10s Greater than 35KV 1260 4.3 3.7 Above 500x10s Greater than 35KV 1268 2.5 -- 5442 3.0 4.9 Above 500x10s 5454 2.7 4.2 5460 2.5 3.7 4465 2.7 3.3 (1) ASTM D1SO-471 (2) AS1M D-2S7-ID (3) ASTM 0-149-44 <) ASTM D-1KM7T Power Factor (4) lOCPC, 1,000 Cycles <0.1% <0.1% <0.1% <0.1% 00)9 66 7 TOWOLDMON0032159 WATER_PCB-00016628 TYPICAL TRANSFORMER ASKAREL (MIXTURE OF AROCLOR AND CHLOROBENZENES) Property Vise. C' 37.8C. (ASTM D88) Spec, Gravity @ 15.5/15.5C., (ASTM D287) Color, APHA Condition Acidity, mg. KOH/g, Pour Pt., C, (ASTM D97) Inorganic Chlorides, ppm Refractive Index @ 25C. Distillation Range (ASTM D20) Corrected for stem and barometric pressure First drop 35% 55% 65% 95% Corrosion Water Content, ppm. Resistivity, 100C., 500v., 0.1 * gap Dielectric Strength, 25C. Dielectric Constant, 100`C., 1000 cycles* Tin Tetraphenyl* Burn Point, (ASTM D92)* Fixed Chlorine* Arc Formed Gases* (Oxygen Free Liquid & 25eC.) Electrical Stability* *t>tlcrmlntO br tpKit (tquw. Typical 41-45 Sec. Saybolt Univ. 1.563-1.571 150 max. Clear 0.01 max. -44C., or lower 0.10 max. 1.6075-1.6085 210C., min. 240-256C. 290-330C. 385-400X. 395-415C. After heating with aluminum for 6 hrs. 200-220C., the aluminum must not be corroded either on visual or weight inspection. The askarel fluid meets the following specifications: Color, APHA 200 max. Acidity, mg. KOH/g. 0.01 max. Inorg. Chlorides, ppm 5 max. Condition Clear 30 max. 100 x 109 ohm-cm., min. 35 KV., min. S.8-4.2 0.125% 0.01% by weight Hone up to Boiling Point 60.5 i 0.5 Total combustible gases including carbon monoxide, hydro gen and volatile hydrocarbons. After heating for 96 hours 100C in a closed container, the resistivity should not decrease more than 10%. 1 0431987 | a TOWOLDMON0032160 WATER_PCB-00016629 TYPICAL CAPACITOR AROCLOR Property Vise. <& 37.8C. (ASTM 088) Specific Gravity (?' 25/15.5C (ASTM D287) Color, APHA Condition Acidity, mg. KOH/g. Pour Pt., C. (ASTM D97) Inorganic Chlorides, ppm Refractive Index <?, 25C. Distillation Range (ASTM D20) Corrected for stem and barometric pressure Corrosion Water Content, ppm Resistivity 100C. 500 volts DC @ 0.1" gap Dielectric Constant 100C. 1000 cycles (ASTM D924) Flash Point Cleve. Open Cup* Fire Point CC* Sulfates (ASTM-D117-31)* Fixed chlorine content (Carius)* Specific Heat <; 250C.* Evaporation @ 100C for 6 hrs.* Dielectric Strength (KV) (ASTM D877)* Typical 82-92 seconds Saybclt Univ. 1.3B1-1.392 50 max. Clear 0.01 max. -- 14 or lower 0.10 max. 1.6240-1.6260 10% 325C. min. 90% 360C. max. After heating with aluminum for six hours at 210C * 10C the aluminum must not be corroded either on visual or weight inspection and the Aroclor 1242 should meet the following specs.: Color, APHA 60 max. Acidily, mg. KOH/g. 0.01 max. Inorg. Chlorides, ppm 0.10 max. Condition Clear 35 max. 500 x 109 ohm-cm., min. 47-4.9 170C., min. None to boiling point None 41.5-42.5% 0.29 0.4% max. 35 Min. Determines by spetW request. DIELECTRIC CONSTANT VS. TEMPERATURE Aroclor 1242 & Aroclor 1254 0*131988 9 TOWOLDMON0032161 WATER_PCB-00016630 Mechanical Applications of Aroclor Because Aroclor ch/rinaf^d compounds h/ve ex cellent shear resi/anc/ heat stability,/and are chemically stab]/. . ./hey can serve in/dozens of mechanical applications for transferri/g mechani cal power, heat a/d variable pressures. Aroclor does not attack irtetals even at higj/ temperature; it resists oxidation, chemical and mechanical breakdowis undtr a wide variety pi environmental conditions. Aroclor liquids used/as lubricants im part a high degree of extreme Pressure lubricity. P 0.40 HEAT CAPACITY OP AROCLOR LIQUIDS at Various Temperatures ______________-- 12A8 -- -----\242__----- - 1260 ___ _ --- ------------------- ----- -. .. 150 TEMPERATURE C THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY OF AROCLOR 1248 Temperature c. r. 30 90 60 140 100 212 BTU./Hr./$q. Ft./ F./FL 0.0680 0.0687 0.0697 Calories, jram/Sec./ Sq.Cm./C./Cm. 281 x 10-6 284 x 10-6 288 x 10-6 04 319Q9 10 TOWOLDMON0032162 WATER_PCB-00016631 EXPANSION use of their stability athin tmnpcratur/s.and abi ity'Tt>^thstand fpeefuent temperature/cycles / wiubout gum 1 fon, Aroclor liquid is aped as actuating <3iunutrb^Iows control^ tjiermo- indw^trial temperature" ntfol regulators otKr kinds of automation (juipn The average coefficient of expansion of Aroclor 1248 per degree F within the various temperature ranges indicated in the table below was determined by using the simple formula Vt = Vt1 [1 + a (t ti).} The coefTicient a, has been calculated at 100F increments as follows: temp. Range F 0 to 100 100 to 200 200 to 300 300 to 400 400 tc 500 500 to 600 Average Coefficient of Expansion cc/tc/F 0.00037 0.00039 0.00040 0.00046 0.00043 0,00051 The specific volume of Aroclor 1248 at different temperatures is as follows: Temp. F 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 Specific Volume ml/gm 0.674 . 0.699 0.726 0.755 0.790 0.828 0.870 LIQUID SEALANT FOR FIMIACfROOFS Because of their low vap^/pressures/and fireresistance, Aroclor 124^nd 1254 make excellent liquid sealants. Thesdnon-evapopffting fluids have good flow at sligfoly elevate^temperatures and are chemical#stable at elevated temperatures. Consequently, Aroclordfcjuid makes excellent fluid sealants for any application where the use of oil would create a fire hazard. In the trough of an nealing furnaces^ for example, Aroclor makes de pendable fire-safe roof seals. s VACUUM DIFFUSION PUMP Q\{/ Fluid Aroclor 1248 and/1254 are highly stable to air; they make good/oils for vapuum pumps at a much lower cost tjmn high prh#d silicone type oils. Aroclor operands efficiently in vacuum diffusion pumps used/to pull higlf vacuum for metalizing plastics, dehydrating/foods, medicinals, and for drying/capacitor c<mes. 0*31990 ii 1 TOWOLDMON0032163 WATER_PCB-00016632 ./Aroclor in Special Product Fornuilatkms With their wide range of physical properties, their inertness, lubricity, and j^apor-suppressing char acteristics - Aroclor chlorinated compounds can be valuable irigredients/n an extraordinary variety of formulat/d product/. They are compatible with a variety /of solvents, oils and resins. Virtually non-volatile and permanently thermoplastic, they will not/react with/other chemicals in the formula tion. In addition,;lheir low cost makes their use for special purpose^ eminently practical and eco nomical. / SEALERS FOR GASKETS / Aroclor - - particularly when hot --^swells rubbers like Hycar*, Koro^eal*, PerBuna N, and Neo prene. Wherever ,/eals and gastyks of natural or synthetic rubbe/tend to shrink under heat and use, Aroclor 3^a2, 1242, or 12m can be used as a swelling agen/ to tighten th/ shrunken seal. An example is irj automotive transmission oil: a small amount of/Aroclor in the/oil swells the seal in place, saving the cost of tearing down the equip ment to replace the seal or gasket. Aroclor can be used in/gasket sealing Compounds to swell the rubber after the gasket/or seal is in place. DEDUSTING AGENt f Aroclor 1254 is a low cost dedust/ng agent which can hold down the dusting of a variety of chemical products. Because Aroclor 1254 resists both com bustion and oxidation, it can.-oe used to control dusting of highly reactive compounds. As a typical example,(3) a few tenths of One percent will con trol the dusting of calcium hypochlorite. Hrcti nd Koroual '< fet>itrtd ludtrnirki of B. F. Q (i: Covend by U S. Ptnt No. 2,9?),911, Imitd Ctiifnluli Cofpoullon. 19, I960, md !ll{red to P#nnn1t INSECTICIDES Aroclor 5460 and 1254 act agwapor suppressants. United States Department/of Agriculture scien tists reported that the inclusion of from 6 to 25 parts per hundred by vveight of Aroclor ^increased the effective kill-life 6i a lindane spray up to ten times, A painted 0 metallic surface sprayed with certain chlorinated insecticides fortified with Aroclor will remain toxic to flies, anj.s, roaches and silverfish up to 2 to 3 months. The Aroclor resins suppress the /apid evaporation of the volatile insecticides ypithout adding odor or other objec tionable resjdue. Formulation into insecticides is quite simple; the Aroclor is dissolved in a suitable solvent compatible with the insecticide formula tion, and mixed in. The most pronounced effect for increasing the kill-life of the insecticide is ob tained with lindane, chlordane and BHC. Aroclor is recommended for chlorinated insecticide formu lations to be used for non-crop spraying. Their low cost makes this use a most practical way to lower the ultimate cost of insect control. PRECISION CASTING WAXES Aroclor is compatible with various natural waxes, such as carnauba and others, including those used to formulate casting wax. Aroclor Ivfips impart to the finished casting/'wax a number of desirable properties: hardness without brittleness; resist ance to shrinking; sharp definition; sharp melting point; and fire-resistance. Wax/s formulated with Aroclor arc non-tacky and highly stable. Waxes containing Aroclor are widqiy used in making dental castings, in the precision casting of aircraft parts, and for casting costume jewelry. Aroclor 1254, 4465 and 5460 are most frequently used . . . proportions dependent up6n the properties re- 12 TOWOLDMON0032164 WATER PCB-00016633 quired in the finished wax^^uch of the jpghest quality precision casting yrax used in the^ost wax process is formulated with Aroclor. f // AROCLOR IN ABRASIVES / Aroclor 1254,1268 and 5460 are;used in the manu facture of specialized abrasives. Because of their excellent bpnding c.haractepstics, high thermal stability apcl resistance to efxidation and corrosion Aroclpr is used as thexarrier for abrasive ma terials. A major use is a/part of the bonding agent in specialized grinding/whccls. x i\ ; AROCLOR IN SPECIALIZED LUBRICANTS For specialized lubricants requiring] good extreme pressure (EP) characteristics, the iroclor liquids imake excellent additives. They im; iart high tern- perature stability, excellent lubric; ting qualities, and weather and corrosion resistance. As an example, Aroclor' is used to formub|te grease and pipe thread compounds for use in o: ygen systems, Greases formulated with Aroclor have a high chemical resistance and are suitailf>le for use in contact with corrosive chemicals. ear oil lubricants containing Aroclor have good resistance to sheer degradation and high temper; lure stability, Added in small amounts to railro; d car journal box oils, Arocloij imparts better ex ireme pressure lubricity and redluces the incidence !of hot boxes. The heat-resisting, nonflammable Icharacteristics of the Aroclor chlorinated compounds make them attractive in themselves as lubricants under condi tions of high temperature. As an example: in gov ernor systems of^central power stations, Aroclor 1248 is well suited to this lubricating application. Straight Aroclor ]54 gives excellent results on a \ roller bearing test operating at 255-260F with much less carbonization or decomposition than the usual spindle oil under the same conditions, As an extreme pressure (EP) lubricant base added to a petroleum hydrocarbon oil in amounts up to approximately 15% by weight,, Aroclor 1248 and 1254 materially increase the l0ad-carrying proper ties without reducing the viscosity of the resulting composition. These two compounds represent one of the more satisfactory carriers for the element chlorine as an extreme pressure base, possessing the following advantages: I 1. STABILITY. Even at/higher temperatures, there will be neither separation of components nor appreciable change in physical or chemical properties during long periods of operation. 2, NON-VQLATILE. Majiy other types of chlo rine bearing compound^ are so volatile as to render them unfit for long periods of service. Aroclor is non-volatile at. normal temperatures. 3. NON-<OX IDIZ1NG. Aroclor does not oxidize nor thic:lken up to an objectionable degree. 4. NON-CORROSIVE, Aroclor does not attack metal surfaces. 5. NON-ABRASIVE. A: oclor exerts no abrasion on the machined surfs ces. 6. NON-HYDROLYSIS. Aroclor docs not hy drolyze in the presence of water, thus avoiding the generation of hydrochloric acid. 7. COMP/| TIBILITY. Aroclor is completely miscible:jwith mineral! oils. 8. COLOR! Aroclor doesmot darken or change the color of lubricating oil\ \ 13 TOWOLDMON0032165 WATER PCB-00016634 Whore lubrication is subjected/lo wateyuisplacenient exposure, for example in the lubrication of bridge rollers, a heavier-thsm-water lubricant can be prepared from mixtures of Arcelor and oil. The following are typical example^ Mix No. 1 2 f>\\* % fay weight / Aroclor 1248 /50 50 25 75 Viscosity 210/F-160 Saybolt Secs. Color AST Ay7-8 Flash Poinyl>45DF. Pour Poin/l5F. 'BrigM Stock: Gravity ikPI n-2i Pour Pt. 0F + 5F Gravity at 15.5C. 1.1263 1.2703 Approx. Pounds/Gal. 94 10.6 AROCLOR IN INDUSTRIAL CUTTIT Aroclor 1254 is used to formulate the finest quality straight and soluble or.-emulsifiable/ype cutting oils. The Aroclor functions as an excellent extremepressure lubricant and is far superior to aliphatic chlorinated hydrocarbons beca/se of its higher order of thermal stability. ThJ heat resistance is most important in cutting oiJA for machining high grade steel. )Vith Aroclor /utting oils there is a lower degree of hydrolysjA which minimizes the staining of the metal. 14 TOWOLDMON0032166 WATER_PCB-00016635 Appendix Methods for Emulsifying and Making / Stock Solutions of Aroclor There are several simple methods for making Aroclor emulsions; the one used may be selected to suit the kind of* Aroclor and type of formulation in which it will be used. / Emulsifying Visqous Aroclor (Portion 1) 16 lbs. of Aroclor 1 lb. of stearic acid (Portion 2) , 8 lbs. of water / 4 oz. Triethanolamine Heat the Aroclor j-o'a workable viscosity (180F plus) and stir in the stearic acid thoroughly. Heat the water to almost boiling (207F) and stir in the triethanolamine thoroughly. Pour the Aroclor stearic acid portion into the water portion, agitat ing vigorously. Then process the combined por tions with a highspeed emulsifying stirrer ... or process through a colloid mill. Emulsifiable Con ;entrated Stock Solutions of Aroclor / 79 parts Jbf Ar )dor 16,70 parts of [toluene 3,55 parts of isopropyl alcohol 1,00 nnrts of Sterox3 CD non-ionic emulsifier 0.75 parts oflSantomerse3 anionic wetting agefit 1 The above formulation is readily emulsifiable with water. If a more resmous Aroclor is used, increase the amount of toluene (or xylene) as needed to dissolve the Aroclor ^esin. 0431994 TOWOLDMON0032167 WATER_PCB-00016636 SOLUBILITY OF AROCLOR CHLORINATED COMPOUNDS IN 100 MILLILITERS OF VARIOUS SOLVENTS Afoclor Type of Solvent Acid Acetic Acid ........................... Oleic Acid ............................... Benzoic Acid ........................ Aldehyde 40% Formaldehyde ............. Furfural..................................... Amine Aniline....................................... Pyridine.................................... Chloro derivatives Amyl chlorides mixed ....... Carbon Tetrachloride............ Chloroform............................... Dichlorethylene....................... Ethylene Dichloride............... Monochlorobenzene............. OrthoOiclilorobemene.......... Tetrachlorethane.................... Trichlorethene......................... Trichlorethylene ................... Drying Oil Tung Oil .................................. Linseed Oil.................. ............ Ester Amyl Acetate ......................... Butyl Acetate.......................... Cellosotve Acetate................. Cottonseed Oil ...................... Dibutyl Phthalate................... Diethyl Phthalate................... Ethyl Acetate........................... Ethyl Lactate ......................... Ethylene Glylol Diacetate... Methyl Acetate....................... Tricresyl Phosphate............. Ether; Ethyl Ether...................... Ether Alcohol CatbitoP.................................... Cellosolve................................. Diethylene Glycol................. p-p' Dihydroxy Ethyl Ether.'. Hydrocarbon Benzene................................... Gasoline .................................. Kerosene.................................. Mineral Spirits......................... Paraffin ................................... Pine Oil..................................... Toluene ................................... Turpentine............................... xyiene....................................... Hydroxy derivatives Amyl Alcohol .......................... n-Bulyl Alcohol .................... Ethyl Alcohol (3 A)............... Glycerine................................. Methyl Alcohol ................ Phenol- 90%......................... Ketone Acetone................................... Miscetle neous Carbon Disulfide................... Nitrobenzene......................... Water....................................... 224 J)c S 16.9C VS VS VS VS 2.0 27-S`C 23.3 29'C 80.0 70c 173 26`C 259 98`C vs VS 142 178 0'.3l`95 TOWOLDMON0032168 WATER_PCB-00016637 VAPOR PRESSURE OF AROCLOR CHLORINATED COMPOUNDS TOWOLDMON0032169 WATER_PCB-00016638 VAPORIZATION RATES Sample Wt. Loss Gms. Aroclor 1221 Aroclor 1232 Aroclor 1242 Aroclor 1248 42% chlorinated paraffin dioctyl phthalate Dutrex* 25 Aroclor 1254 Dutrex 20 Aroclor 1262 Aroclor 1260 Aroclor 4465 Aroclor 1270 Aroclor 5442 Aroclor 5460 Tricresyl phosphate 0.5125 0.2572 0.0995 0.0448 0.0745 0.0686 0.0256 0.0156 0.0047 0.0039 0,0026 0.0064 0.0045 0,0039 0.0032 0.0010 'Duties is A register*!! liademark of ttie Shell Oil Co. Hours Exposure 24 24 24 24 48 48 24 24 24 24 24 72 72 72 72 24 Surface Area Cm.5 12.28 12.28 12.28 12.28 12.28 12.28 12.28 12.28 12.28 12.28 12.28 12.28 12.28 12.28 12.28 12.28 Vaporization Rate 8ms./crti.}hr./100C O.OOI74 0.000874 0.000338 0.000152 0.000126 0.000117 0.000087 0.000053 0.000016 0.000013 0.000009 0.000007 0.000005 0.000004 0.000004 0.000003 APPROXIMATE VAPOR PRESSURES CALCULATED AT 100 F (37.8 C) Aroclor 1232 Aroclor 1242 Aroclor 1248 Aroclor 1254 0.005 mm. Hg. 0.001 mm. Hg. 0.00037 mm. Hg. 0,00006 mm. Hg. OOl^7 TOWOLDMON0032170 WATER_PCB-00016639 CORROSION RESISTANCE OF STRUCTURAL MATERIALS Aroclor Number Metals 1248 25C 125C 1254 25C 125C 4465 125C 5460 125C Aluminum.................................................................. R R R R *RR RR Copper....................................................................... R D R D D D Magnesium................................................................. RR R R R RR *RR Nickel........................................................................ RR R R RR RR R Silver......................................................................... R R R R R R lin............................................................................ R R R R R R Zinc........................................................................... R R R R R RR Mild Steel.................................................................. RR R RR RR R RR Phosphor Bronze......................................................... R D R R R R Red Brass.................................................................. D D R D R De Stainless Steel (Type 316)............................................ RR RR RR RR RR RR Yellow Brass.............................................................. R Re R De Re Re Plastics Alkyd Resin No, 46594-12............................................ *P P *P P P P Alkyd Resin No. 46594-13A.......................................... *D P *D P P P Cellulose Acetate (Fibestos)......................................... D P D P P P Durite'11 Phenol Furfural Resin..................................... *D P *R P D P Formvar Highly Plasticized polyvinyl formal resins...... De T Pe T T T Formvar Low Plasticized polyvinyl formal resins ........ PS T PS T T T Glyptal 1276............................................................... R P D P P P Glyptal 7136............................................................... *D 7 *R T T 7 Maleic Resin No, 46594-13B......................................... P P *P P P P Maleic Resin No. 46594-13C......................................... P P *R P P P Methyl Methacrylate.................................................... *D P *D P P P Lustron B Polystyrene.............................................. P T P T T 7 Resinox Mineral Filled Melamine Resin....................... *D *P *R R *P *D Resinox Wood Flour Filled Melamine Resin.................... *D P *R D R P Resinox Mineral Filled Phenol Formaldehyde................. *D D *0 D R P Resinox Wood Flour Filled Phenol Formaldehyde............ *D P *D *R D P Resinox Rag Filled Phenol Formaldehyde..................... *D D *0 *D *D P Urea Formaldehyde Resin (Plaskon Co.)........................ *D P *D *P P P Meaning of Abbreviations: - Bared on weigh! gain calculated as penetrallon value shown. RR IvctUeM resistance- less than I.C * 10 *cm/da> penetration or .00010 m/yr. R Coed resistance has penetration between 1.0110 `and 10 * 10' (cm/day or between 0.1X1014 and 0.0014 ir/yr. D - Doiibllul resistance, penetration between 10 10 1 cm/day and 100 110'* cm/day oi between 0.0014 and 0.014 m/yr. P foci resistance penetration giea'er than 100 a 10"1 ern/dey or O.OH in/yr. PS e Poet resistance due to visible local action although weight chenge indicates fot owing the letter indicating resistance signifies material may be betterthan giealet resistance indicated il totally immersed since weighl loss is believed lo tome liomoitdalion oi the part ot test strip eiposed to an. 1 Material alone will nut aland tempocalme (I) Quite is a legistered trademark ol Borden Chemical Co. 0431998 19 TOWOLDMON0032171 WATER_PCB-00016640 VISCOSITY RANGES OF SOME OF THE AROCLOR CHLORINATED COMPOUNDS ,o^ --1 | TOWOLDMON0032172 WATER_PCB-00016641 DENSITIES OF AROCLOR CHLORINATED COMPOUNDS AT VARIOUS TEMPERATURES 0437000 21 TOWOLDMON0032173 WATER_PCB-00016642 Dermatology and Toxicology At ordinary temperatures the Aroclor poly chlorinated polyphenyls have not presented in dustrial toxicological problems. The hazard of potential toxic exposure varies with their vola tility: the lower-chlorinated ones, being more volatile, present more of a potential problem from the standpoint of both inhalation and skin con tact. When Aroclor is used at elevated tempera tures, engineering controls must be applied, either by the use of closed systems or by effective local- exhaust ventilation together with general work room exhaust, Inhalation tests on animals indicate that the maxi mum safe concentration of vapor is in the range of 0.5 to 1.0 milligram of the lower-chlorinated Aro clor compounds per cubic meter of air. The thresh old limits (maximum allowable concentration for an 8-hour working day) set by the American Con ference of Government Hygienists are 1.0 milli gram of the lower-chlorinated Aroclor compounds per cubic meter of air and 0.5 milligram of the more-highly-chlorinated compounds, such as Aro clor 1254, per cubic meter of air. Schwartz patch tests on 200 volunteers showed that neither Aroclor 1254 alone when applied to gauze nor a polyvinyl chloride film containing 11.5-weight-per cent Aroclor 1254 was a primary irritant or a sensitizer. Canvas coated with an oilmodified alkyd resin (17-weight-per cent of the paint-film solids and 7-weight-per cent of the painted fabric was Aroclor 5460) did not produce primary skin irritancy or sensitization according to the same Schwartz technique. Continuous or re peated skin contact with Aroclor must be avoided because of the possible occurence of a condition called chlorance. Although reports of this condi tion caused by Aroclor are rare, it can be produced by excessive skin contact. 043^001 TOWOLDMON0032174 WATER_PCB-00016643 Safe Handling Vapors of the Aroclor liquids at room temperature should not be breathed in a confined space. Vapors evolved at elevated temperatures should not be allowed to be dispersed into the general workroom. Instead, engineering control must be applied to reduce vapor concentrations below the allowable concentrations mentioned above. Continuous or repeated skin contact with Aroclor must be avoided by the use of gloves and pro tective garments. If any Aroclor is spilled on the skin, the skin should be washed in the usual man ner with a soap solution. A bum caused by contact with a hot Aroclor should be treated like any ordinary burn. Aroclor adhering to the burned area need not be removed immediately, unless treatment of the burn de mands it, in which case either soap and water or repeated washings with a vegetable oil are recom mended. Shipping Information Freight Classification AROCLOR 1221,1243,1242, 1248, 1254,1260, 1262 Rail Classification AROCLOR 1268, 2565,4465, 5442, 5460 Truck Classification AROCLOR 1268, 2565 AROCLOR 4465, 5442, 5460 Shipping Regulations Standard Containers AROCLOR 1221 AROCLOR 1232 AROCLOR 1242,1248, 1254, 1260,1262 AROCLOR 1268 AROCLOR 2565, 4465 AROCLOR 5442 AROCLOR 5460 (flaked) Synthetic Resir, Liquid, NOIBN Synthetic Resin, Other Than Liquid, NOIBN Synthetic Resin, Powder, NOI Synthetic Resin, Lumps or Solid Mass, NOI None Tank car, 520-lb. steel drum, 50-lb. can Tank car, 550-lb. steel drum, 50-lb. can Tank car, 600-lb. steel drum, 50-lb. can 200-lb. fiber drum, 50-lb. can 500-lb. steel drum, 50-lb. can 450-lb. steel drum, 50-lb. can 100-lb. bag 0432002 TOWOLDMON0032175 WATER_PCB-00016644 - DISTRICT SALES OFFICES ALL DIVISIONS ATLANTA., GEORGIA 30326 Lenox Towers West. 3390 Peachtree Pd. N.E. Tel. (404) 231-4320 BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS 02149 Everett Station Tel. 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(413) 788-6911 WILMINGTON, DELAWARE 19603 2005 Concord Pike, Fairfax lei. (302) Olympia 8 6531 Additional District Offices are maintained by: Agricultural Division EL DORADO. ARKANSAS 71731 Srnac-kover Highway P. 0. Box 231 Tel. (501) Union 3-3151 LULING. LOUISIANA 70070 P. O. Box 174 Tel. (504) 784-2311 % Building Products Department ST. LOUIS. MISSOURI 63166 600 N. Lindbergh Blvd. Tel. (314) Wydown 3-1000 LOS ANGELES. CALIFORNIA 90066 814 San Fernando Road Te:. (213) CA. 2-9111 Chemstrand Company Division AKRON, OHIO 44313 3030 West Market St. Tel. (21$) Temple 6-7941 CHARLOTTE. NORTH CAROLINA 28202 Wachov a Bark Building 1 29 West Trade St. Tel. (704) 376-9871 NEW YORK, NEW YORK 10001 360 Fifth Ave. Tel. (212) 556-5100 ENGLEWOOD CLIFFS, N. J. 661 Palisades Ave. Englewood Cliffs. New Jersey 07631 Tel. (201) 568-2161 Hydrocarbons fit Polymers Division Lion Oil EL DORADO, ARKANSAS 71730 Lion Oil Building Tel. (501) Union 3-3111 JACKSON, MISSISSIPPI 39209 P. O, Box 10937 Westland Station Tel. (601) Fleetwood 2-3648 LITTLE ROCK. ARKANSAS 72203 1 51 5 West Seventh St Tel. (601) Franklin 6-2437 MEMPHIS. TENNESSEE 38101 1023 Riverside Drive P. O. Box 2b? Tel. (901) Whitehall 8-4461 Organic Chemicals Division (Rubber Industry) AKRON. OHIO 44311 920 Brown Street P. 0, Box 2307 Tel. (216) Hemlock 4-1921 MONSANTO. 800 N. LINDBERGH BLVD., ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI 63166 J 'V 24 ?-2130-0466-6 LITMO IN U-S.A. TOWOLDMON0032176 WATER_PCB-00016645 0<l3?00`. MONSANTO. BOO N. UNDBiRGH BLVD., ST. LOUIS. MISSOURI S31SB TOWOLDMON0032177 WATER_PCB-00016646