Document zdO8Q1V2q0NV5axVnXO3wqXYz

FILE NAME: Chemical Abstracts (CHAB) DATE: 1942 DOC#: CHAB022 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION: Abstract Originally Published in 1941 by Kuhn to 1942 7177 13--Miscellaneous Industrial Products 7178 Nos. 2/3, 94- 100(1942).--Eye injuries are discussed for 1 breathed, the manner of dispersion in the air greatly in mustard, lewisite, irritant smokes and tear gases. About fluences the toxicity. E. g. the fatal dose of the gas vapor 75% of eye injuries in the last war were mild cases, 15% for rats is 120 mg./cu. m.; when the mustard gas is car were moderate and only 10% were severe. Ultimate ried on a mist of a nonpoisonous aerosol the fatal dose is blindness is very rare. Treatment consists of irrigation 20 mg./cu. m. and when carried on dense clouds of an with weak NaHCOj or boric acid solns., normal saline or aerosol it is 7-10 mg./cu. m. In this respect it resembles 0.5% dichloraminc T in chlorinated paraffin. Eye patches COCb poisoning of the lungs. M. G. Moore or bandages should not be used. Details are given. Miscellaneous gas hazards. Linn J. Boyd. Bull. The diagnosis and treatment of pulmonaAry. Lg.asKcibalseural 2 2.V/.3,Y.11M4e-d1.9(C19o4ll2.,).F--loIwnecridaenncde,FifsthymApvteo.mHs,ospp.ro5t,ecNtioosn. ties. Linn J. Boyd. Bull. N. Y. Med.. Coll., Flower and and treatment are discussed briefly for CO, nitrous fumes Fifth Ave. Hasp. 5, Nos. 2/3, 64-70(1942).--The clinical and screening smokes (P, chlorosulfonic acid, oleum, picture described is that of phosgene since this is the most TiCL and SnCl,). A. L. Kibler important of the pulmonary irritants. The symptoma Occupational diseases and the protection of those en tology is considered from two standpoints: cases with gaged in pest control. Erich Winkler. Prakl. Desinfek- acute and violent onset and cases with acute but insidious lor 32, 123-5(1940); Chem. Zentr. 1941, I, 540 --CS?, T onset. Treatment should involve absolute rest until re gas, Tritox (trichloroacetonitrile), Illo (CC1, + an irri covery is complete. Oxygen is the best single agent avail 3 tant), CC1<, pyrethrin androtenone are discussed. able. Venesection is indicated for certain conditions of M. G. Moore the " blue" type but should never be used in the "gTay" type or in case of circulatory failure or low blood pressure Safety in laboratories and factories for inorganic chemi or thready pulse. Pneumonia is a frequent complication. cdaulsst.rie IcIhIi.miqPuheos1p9h4o0,ru1s23h-y6d;ricdfe.s.C. AFr.an35c,is29B9a9rsd.--letA. cIunte Recovery seldom leaves chronic effects. The gas mask offers complete protection against phosgene and similar poisoning by phosphorus hydrides is possible only by ab gases. A. L. Kibler Pathology of the vesicants and pulmonary irritants. sorption through the respiratory tract. The course of poisoning is similar to that caused by white P. The symp Francis D. .Speer, Bull. N. Y. Med. Coll., Flower and 4 otormdesrso. f Tchhreonpicroppeorisognasin-mg aasrke failnlienmgiaforanpdhonseprhvooruuss dhiys Fifth Arc. Hosp. 5, Nos. 2/3, 59-03(1942).--Changes caused by vesicant gases (mustard gas) arc described drides is AgMnOi, KMnO< and activated C. Owing to under the headings of skin, eye and respiratory tract. citosmsptroosnegelyxpelonsdiovtehleyr;mPicjHna,tuesrpee, cPiaIlIl3y,, liiskeunIs'jtlalb,leminaycodne Those due to suffocant gases (phosgene) arc confined to the lungs with secondary effects on the heart and occa tact with various org. substances and under the influence sionally the brain. Details are given. A. L. Kibler of light. A 2% concn. by vol. of PjIL makes H and other Pathologic physiology of the respiration and circulation combustible gases spontaneously inflammable. HC1, HjS, NHj, ale., EtjO and oil of turpentine in small quan in war-gas poisoning. David Seherf. Bull. N. Y. Med. 5 tities suppress this spontaneous ignition. Phosphorus Coll., Flower and Fifth Ave. Hosp. 5, Nos. 2/3, 52-8 trichloride, in tolerable concns., is but slightly irritating. (1942).--The changes caused by the inhalation of toxic Poisoning by PClj causes dyspnea and, in severe cases, war gases are described under the headings of disturb edema of the lungs. More dangerous are the effects on ances of the circulation. Owing to the great increase in the skin because of burns; PClj should be washed from the the oxygen needs of the tissues caused by even mild exer skin with NajCOa. Efficient gas masks should contain cise, complete rest is one of the essential requirements in. soda lime and activated C. The statements made about the treatment of gassed cases. A. L. Kibler The symptoms, prevention and treatment of the effects PCla apply in smaller degree for phosphorus pentachloride. Tetraphosphorus trisulfide, P<S3, is but slightly poisonous. of vesicants. Thomas H. McGavack. Bull. N. Y. 6 In sensitive persons, contact with it may produce eczema. Med. Coll., Flower and Fifth Ave. Hosp. 5, Nos. 2/3, The temp, of ignition in air is 95-100. Mixing it with 85-93(1942).--The war gases considered arc mustard gas, lewisite and ethyldichloroarsine. Contrary to the most oxidizing agents produces explosive mixts. Trans portation and storage precautions are the same as for statement in the text the last named was used by the white P. R. Pclcrmatin, Morris B. Jacobs Germans in the first World War. The ratio of the concn. of these gases necessary to cause casualty to that essential Safety in laboratories and factories for inorganic chemi for the detection of the characteristic odor is emphasized cleatl.s. InXdIuIIs.trieArcsheinmiciqauned 1it9s40c,om2p0o1u-4nd; s. cfF. raCn.cisAB. a3rd5, but it should be stated that the concn. required to produce odor is affected by the purity of the gas, the tech, product 7 2999s; and preceding abstr.--B. gives a long survey of being more easily detected than the pure material. The symptoms and course of poisoning. Acute poisoning is symptoms produced by each gas are described in detail. caused chiefly through the stomach; however, it also oc The discussion of the clinical pictures of the conditions curs through the respiratory tract and the skin. In chronic caused by these vesicants include descriptions of the latent poisoning it is absorbed principally through the respiratory period, the period of acute reactions and the period of sub system but also through the skin and stomach. Arsenic acute or chronic reactions. Chronic pulmonary effects are bearing dust is the most dangerous of all. Protection can the exception rather the rule in these cases. Of all the be obtained by the use of fabric filters and goggles. For lesions caused by mustard gas those of the respiratory 8 solns., rubber is necessary for protection. R. Petermann, Morris B. Jacobs tract arc the most serious but these can be protected against by the gas mask. Lewisite and ethyldichloroarsine Supermicroscopic investigations of asbestos dust and produce systemic effects i.om arsenic poisoning. The asbestos lungs. Joachim Kuhn. Arch. Gewerbepath. treatment of all cases are discussed under the headings: Gewerbehyg. 10, 473-85(1941).--Examn. by means of the preventive treatment, treatment after skin contact, and Siemens supcrmieroscope of particles of serpentine and treatment after the lesion develops. Treatment after skin hornblende asbestos and of material isolated from asbestos contact should be instituted within 5 to 15 min. to be lungs indicates that the serpentine asbestos is decomposed effective. 9 references. A. L. Kibler in the lung and is the cause of fibrosis. The hornblende A new point of view regarding the toxicity and the pos 9 asbestos shows no signs of decompn. by the organism. sibility of use of mustard gas. D. H. Wester. N. V. L. W. Nowacki Stud.-Org. Luclitbeschermingsvaagsluk 1, 326-9(1940); Chlorinated hydrocarbons. Allan L. Coleman. Con Chcm. Zcnlr. 1940, II, 2055; cf. C. A. 34, 17697.--At necticut Ind. 20, No. 9,11-12,30-1 (1942).--The properties, tention is called to some recent work of Dautrebandc uses, health hazards, etc., are discussed for CHjCl, CH.CIj, (cf. C. A. 35, 81006). In addn. to the blistering caused, CC1,, CHjCICHjCI, CHCbCHCb, CHCLCCls, CC15: mustard gas also has a general poisonous action, 0.07 cc. CClj, chloroprcne and chlorinated naphthalenes and bi being a fatal dose for man. The gas can penetrate rubber phenyls. Leopold Scheflan gloves and cause poisoning without blistering. When Notes on dust suppression and collection. J. Smcllic.