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130 CHAPTER 6 1956 Guide 18 Physiological Response of Subjects Exposed to High Effective Temperatures and Elevated Mean Radiant Temperatures, by C. M. Humphreys, Oscar Imalis and Carl Gutberlet (A.S.H.V.E. Transactions, Vol. 52, 1946, p. 153). 18 Life, Beat and Altitude, by David B. Dill (Harvard University Press, Cam & bridge, 1938). 88 The Upper Limits of Environmental Heat-and Humidity Tolerated by Accli matized Men, Working in Hot Environments, by Ludwig W. Eichna, William F. Ashe, William B. Bean and Walter B. Shelley (The Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Toxi cology, Vol. 27, March, 1945, p. 59). 81 A.S.H.V.E. Research Repobt No. 1188--Local Cooling of Workers in Hot Industry, by F. C. Houghten, M. B. Ferderber and Carl Gutberlet (A.S.H.V.E. Transactions, Vol. 47, 1941, p. 403). 88 A.S.H.V.E. Research Report No. 673--Determination of the Comfort Zone, by F. C. Houghten and C. P. Yaglou (A.S.H.V.E. Transactions, Vol. 29, 1923, p. 361). A.S.H.V.E. Research Report No. 691--Cooling Effect on Human Beings Produced by Various Air Velocities, by F. C. Houghten and C. P. Yaglou (A.S.H.V.E. Trans actions, Vol. 30, 1924, p. 193). A.S.H.V.E. Research Report No. 717--Effective Temperature with Clothing, by C. P. Yaglou and W. E. Miller (A.S.H.V.E. Trans actions, Vol. 31, 1925, p. 89). A.S.H.V.E. Research Report No. 755--Effective Temperature for Persons Lightly Clothed and Working in Still Air, by F. C. Hough ten, W. W. Teague and W. E. Miller (A.S.H.V.E. Transactions, Vol. 32,1926, p. 315). How to Use the Effective Temperature Index and Comfort Charts, by C. P. Yaglou, W. H. Carrier, Dr. E. V. Hill, F. C. Houghten and J. H. Walker (A.S.H.V.E. Trans actions, Vol. 38, 1932, p. 410). 88 A.S.H.V.E. Research Report No. 1196--Comfort with Summer Air Condition ing, by Thomas Chester, N. D. Adams, C. R. Bellamy, G. D. Fife, E. P. Heckel, Dr. W. J. McConnell, F. C. McIntosh, A. B. Newton, B. F. Raber and C. Tasker (A.S.H.V.E. Transactions, Vol. 48, 1942, p. 107). 84 Conditions for Comfort, by C. S. Leopold (A.S.H.V.E. Transactions, Vol. 53, 1947, p. 295). 85 A.S.H.V.E. Research Report No. 1102--Shock Experiences of 275 Workers After Entering and Leaving Cooled and Air Conditioned Offices, by A. B. Newton, F. C. Houghten, Carl Gutberlet, R. W. Qualley andM. C. W. Tomlinson (A.S.H.V.E. Transactions, Vol. 44,1938, p. 571). Physiologic Adjustments of Human Beings to Sudden Change in Environment, by N. Glickman, T. Inouye, S. E. Telser, R. W. Keeton, F. K. Hick and M. K. Fahnestock (A.S.H.V.E. Transactions, Vol. 53, 1947, p. 327). 86 A.S.H.V.E. Research Report No. 1055--Cooling Requirements for Summer Comfort Air Conditioning, by F. C. Houghten, F. E. Giesecke, C. Tasker and Carl Gutberlet (A.S.H.V.E. Transactions, Vol. 43, 1937, p. 145). 81 A.S.H.V.E. Research Report No. 1012--Study of Summer Cooling in the Re search Residence for the Summer of 1934, by A. P. Kratz, S. Konzo, M. K. Fahne stock and E. L. Broderick (A.S.H.V.E. Transactions, Vol. 41, 1935, p. 207). 88 A.S.H.V.E. Research Report No. 753--Effective Temperature for Persons Lightly Clothed and Working in Still Air, by F. C. Houghten, W. W. Teague and W. E. Miller (A.S.H.V.E. Transactions, Vol. 32,1926, p. 315). 88 A Practical System of Units for the Description of the Heat Exchange of Man with His Environment, by A. P. Gagge, A. C. Burton, and H. C. Gazett (Science, Vol. 94, 1941, p. 428). 80 Thermal Insulation of Clothing, by C. P. Yaglou (A.S.H.V.E. Transactions, Vol. 54, 1948, p. 291). 81 Application of Air Conditioning to Premature Nurseries in Hospitals, by C. P. IYaglou, Philip Drinker and K. D. Blackfan (A.S.H.V.E. Transactions, Vol. 36, 1930, p. 383). i} % CHAPTER 7 AIR CONDITIONING IN THE PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF DISEASE Sanitary Ventilation, Control of Airborne Infection, Value of Air Cooling Under Tropical Conditions, Treatment of Disease,'Operating Rooms, Nurseries for Premature Infants, Fever Therapy, Cold Therapy, Allergic Disorders, Oxygen Therapy, General Hospital Air Conditioning THE Second World War caused an increase of interest in the preventive aspects of air conditioning. It re-emphasized the importance of the control of airborne infection and demonstrated the value of air cooling under tropical conditions for the prevention of heat rash, for promoting proper rest and sleep, and in the convalescence of patients. The problem of air conditioning or air purification in shelters, hospitals, or any buildings, .following an atomic explosion, has the attention of engi neers, military personnel, public health authorities, private physicians, and the general public. The type and structure of shelters are important. In strategic areas likely to be bombed, they should be windowless, under ground, strong enough to resist blast and have sufficient cover to protect against initial radiation. Suitable ventilation is a necessity, and could be provided by the use of pressurized installation in which any air taken from .the outsiders forced through a ventilator. Air conditioning and heating or. cooling systems could then, be kept in continuous operation for improv ing inside air conditions and controlling room temperature. Heat trans mission through the walls, carbon dioxide accumulation, and the total number of people using the shelter, are factors in determining the neces sity for using outside air. Such a shelter should be closed to outside air during the period immediately folio-wing a blast. A surface or subsurface burst of an atomic bomb would result in a wide dispersion of airborne radioactive particles.1 Windows of buildings within a three-mile radius from the point of detonation of a 20 KT bomb would be broken, and consequently, any protection however slight, obtainable through the use of conventional air-conditioning systems would not be accomplished. Beyond- the three-mile radius many structures may be found with windows undamaged and otherwise capable of providing some degree of protection from airborne radioactive particles by the utilization of an air-conditioning system. However, conventional air-conditioning systems should not be relied upon for such protection in urban structures which may be utilized in the accomplishment of specific missions follow ing an atomic detonation. There are special techniques and devices available which will provide this protection. The smog incident in Donora, Pa., has focused the attention of health authorities and engineers on the problem of air contamination by toxic gases. The exact way in which such substances affect the human being 'i unk.nown' There has been a great deal of speculation, but in reality there is little specific information concerning this problem. It is believed that in such cases the combination of contaminants, rather than any single substance, produces the-toxic effects. It is known that low atmospheric pressure, with accumulation of toxic substances in increasingly higher 131