Document zd4q0V927Bn6MJeYz45Y2k5x7

K vP .lS*! ' t rrv < r*^-' ! :>.Dv. r ? V - | D > 3 % ` l */'; I W / A - f c ' i m P J ?-;.;< '!t v ! I nj ;.. -/-Vj ',y.M r-A? iiV.-.ir V./JL.'iJ dto*V ic>>J L'./t ; V-. v* o -.,,;^ ' i->4v\i<wiaV^1*41*1. ...-rf'i.^w n >*)t 4 Ik'xNtUKlfcWMI'*] J-- i*.*. iij rise cnnvicc or sciCHtt Not for rclcaoe until January 10, 1967 - roiso;! - LKi) iiLi,rs to iakc a gaplr world i .Kurdish firr. produceo instrument that detects a previous]/ unobserved poison jn fifth. -- foul end r~nxrr.nl -v ! , r- ' The lec t u r e o f t h e P o i s o n .` !;Thc poison that hao been icolated is a hitherto unobserved chlorinated hydrocarbon t _ having eight chlorines in the molecule. Thi3 polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) vas I , ,. * ' r 'isolated in residue analysis carried out vith the LKB Combined Gas Chromutograph- Maso Dpoctrometery LKB 9000. " *1'100 nc c*r residue from 20 rip, of fat, taken from a Gea Logie found dead in the Stpckholza r, archifeltgo, vas used in the analysis vhicii was made by S6ren Jensen, of the Institute L 3 : Analytical Chemistry of the University of Storkbnint vhc has beer. Ciitn^u on thin .J type of research for seme considerable time. The dramatic ir.portar.ee of this discovery (m can best be underctood by studying the main characteristics of PCB: ? r lL m , L. ... Very high stability. Capable of being boiled vith nitric acid without destruction. Hao hardly any metoboliom in living organisms. Can have a steady build-up in the human body and traces have been found in both adults and children. [ 3 If more than four chlorines are present PCD is non-inflamnablc. ii 1 As veil nn isolating a poison this research ha3 drawn attention to the need for close I1 co-operation in two parallel lines of investigation. The study of the persistency and Itoxic effects of herbicides, pesticide# and related chemicals, which for some time now r^* bus caused general concern throughout the world, and the quest for improved methods of T jasocnr.jng the pollution of industrial waste. <ou the Substance _vns J rtontificd --V initial research peered to indicate that this, then unknown, poison uccurcd an a reA. --* * of the use of insecticides; the unur.l organochlcrinrs prerent, in insecticide i v, larcli veto du leeted pp^-DDT, pp^-DDK and pp^-TDE and certain unknown compounds L .. . Jl 'ij I NkV 0310O& .J-h w'*V -t * .t.,> 780603 r .. .* vcrc thought lo be metabolites of the insecticides Thu locution of the poisons in 0 rich, in binln niW on j*ine needloa appeared to strengthen this theory. Further investigotionr. how<;7rrt i&rlv'.'ng clc*.ri,n cup*.or*! techniques, gavo indications that this reposition was incorrect, Xt-voo, ut t.hio Hinge, decided to use the LKB 9000 Combined Gao Chronatograph-Mase Spectrometer to obtain more definite knowledge of the chemical nature of the**# un known compounds, thoir molecular vcif/hfc, and number or chlorinco for instance as this vvns known to be the only method currently available vhieh could give the liigheat degree . of positive identification, Analyst* had so far produced a chromatogram free vbich it uhs possible to estimate that the Eagle ranspla, previously mentioned, contained DDT I and DDE in extractable fat at a concentration up to 13 g per'kg, and the unknown com| pounds in more or less the same quantities) Many of the retention times however were H not in agreement with those for any known pesticides and a high proportion of unknown ; i peaks were present. The purified sample from the &ea Eagle vas injected on the LKB | 9000 and the mass spectrograms which w en i.la:ned efthn unknown p*nk* ah.yed the^r moss -j'i 'numbers to be os followst h!?6, :<?, 350 end 32t. The molecular difference in each cose being 3b mess units thereby showing a family relationship between the unknowns Chlorine exists as a mixture or twoisotopes with atomic weights 35 and 37 In propor r tions of 75:35, If the molecule hasone chlorine, two pecks will be obtained, one for 1 Cl.,r end one fer Cl.... If there aretwo chlorines it is possible to have one peak with only Cl^, onc v$th both C l ^ and C l ^ and one with two Cl^y and ao on, so the rela r1 tionship between the parka on the mass spectrogram were found to bo: J ..Molecular weight; 32** ' 3 5 8 . ' " 392' * Chlorine content? i>:*.5 *....... *. * 8 V *" **' Having obtained this information it was possible to calculate the molecular weight of the parent hydrocarbon (FliC) and this was found to be 151. The most probable formula T for u compound having carbon and hydrogen and giving the molecular weight of 15* is ^12^10 &nd this can only be satisfied when .the parent hydrocarbon is bipuenyl nnl the unknown polychlorinated biphenyl. ,- I 1 Once this fact had been established an approach to industry elicited the answer that - PCD vac fairly extensively used, and when a sample was obtained and run through the - .1 tf;ii Combined Oan Chromatograph - Mass Spectrometer it was found that the gr.s chromate- gave the anno retention time for both the Engle anmole and tho industrial nur.iplc*, .im " ai.ti the i;.'ins n'uuctreactor gave exactly matching pankc, thuu providing absolute verifi- Ration o f th e p re v io u s a n a ly se &. 031066 _ Vo cVitan chuck on th e r e s u l t s end to more f u l l y e v a lu a te t h e i r s i g n i f i c a n c e , the ic u - _** i'"7v. n r.-.nf V d lion Eng 1r (#*ren 1flpa). frcm n i.*11:!'hoi m ru. *tn- v- ){. a -J> - 780604  v i r h o t h e r d a t e d t p c r . i n c n s and tlio f i r u t t r u c e o f DDT nnd i t s mafcr.bolizcd PCT v o j discovered in a specimen circa 19'*CA9 and FCd in 19h2, ;t nas been ir*enMonc! url.-r.r that traces of PC3 vere found on pine needles which averned to indicate wind-blown ir;*ccticidc, but this in undoubtedly duo to the fact that where FCB hut ^0# or more chlorines it 3 not consumed when industrial vastd ic burnt but is thrown out in the smoke and air-borno over considerable distances, Th effect of thio poison on nan is not yet fully known. In 1936 tests showed that *2j out of 21* men employed in mamifac luring TCn suffered froc an acne, which appear- * ed 6 to 0 months after handling the substance, and ir. 1939 it vs: r-: rcopon- . "1 ..tibie for the -death of three young voTkers Tests so far carried out on animals i ....... ' .' -, indicate that in all eases the liver degenerates and that generally the skin and j the liver are the parts of the body eusceptable to the poison : V 3'T,T J-- i Current HcBcorch . .% i! -J: Jefferies and Walker of tho Honks Wood Experimental Station in England have recent ly. ly carried out experiments to determine the survival and reproduction of Bengalese J. Finches and have found a high proportion contain orgar.ochloririCB. They arc invtsti- f gating the possibility of using the residue content of the liver ns an indicator oi'tno close consumed ' ** ' Simmons and Tr.tton of tho Laboratory of tho Government Chemist, London, England -* have investigated org&nochlorino residues in human gallstones and have found them i present in 20 patients from ?. hospitals. These tvo linos of investigation have been concerned with insecticide and pe3ti- j cidca but they do serve to chow the vide field in which traces of orgcnochiorl. occur. 1. ' ." . J. Borne twelve O.E.C.D. nations, among vhom are the Scandinavian covatrici, U.S.A., Great ' Britain, France and Holland are co-operating in research into tho prevalence of this J virulent and 'dangerous substance. * LKH IF.B-Produkter AB 6 fully sensible of the dedication of Uie scientists taking part in this work in which it her* had the honour and privclegc to play an important role p r e v i d ;n g an in s l m u n i , th LK3 9000 Combined Gao Chrematr'/'rap;v-H ass S p e ri `'-T-ctcr, <-,c> f.'ivc th e n their first b r e a k t h r o i^ .h by providing positive identification of PCD. fub] iui ty Dcparti.'cnt *:* * ,, NV 0 3 1 0 6 7 r 780605 780606