Document zbMvwENyEbEVjOnyex8Q217Em

MINER YEARB 19 Volume 1 of Th METALS AND (Except Prepared by the staff of the BUREAU OF MINES DIVISION OF MINERALS Charles W. MerrillChief Richard H, Mote, Assistant Chief Donald R. Irvina, Assistant to the N 49784 644 MINERALS YEARBOOK, 1959 each system.14 It also differs from the boundary proposed in 1951 by N. A. Toropov and F. Ya. Galakhov.18 Revised ternary diagrams were constructed. The stability and reactions of synthetic mullite in the presence of foreign oxide additives at temperatures of 1,200 to 1,700 C. were determined.16 Ions of oxides that, can be absorbed either contract, have no effect on, or expand the mullite lattice dimensions, depending on the radius of tho absorbed ions. Certain ions, such as Na+, K + , Ca,+, and Mg24, which are too large to be absorbed into the lattice, destroy mullite. A process was developed to make improved mullite refractories from Canadian kyanite concentrate. Different quantities of calcined alumina and phosphoric acid were added, depending on economic factors and the type of refractory products required.17 The National Metallurgical Laboratory, Jamshedpur, India, de veloped a process for making high-temperature hot-face insulation and high-temperature dense refractories from coarse-bladed Indian kyanite. The process differed from conventional methods in prepara tion and blending of the raw materials and in temperaturo schedules for firing. It may result in a market for previously unusable material.16 . Tho first iron blast furnace to be built with an all-sillimanite stack lining was completed at Scunthorpe, England. Operation of this furnace was of interest to iron makers and refractories manufacturers throughout the world.19 u.Aramakl, Shlgeo, and Roy, Rustrum, The Mullltc-Corundum Boundary In the Systems MgO-AljOj-SlOj and C11O-AI3O3-SIO3: Jour. Am. Ceram. Soc., vol, 42, No. 12, Dec. 1. 1959. pp. 644-045. ** Toropov, N. A., and Galakhov, F. Ya. [The System AlaO-S10a] : Doklady Akad. Nauk. 8.8.S.R., vol. 78, No. 2, 1951, pn. 209-302. Gelsdorf, GUnter, MUUcr-IicRflo, Hermann, and Schwlete, H. 0. [Additive Experiments 00 Synthetic Mullite and Substitution Experiments With Gallium Oxide and Germanium Dioxide: II]: Arch. Elsenhintonw., vol. 29, No. 8, 1058, pp. 513-510; Ceram. Abs.. vol. 42, No. 9, September 1959. n. 236. 1TSvlkla, V. D., Properties of Improved Phosphate-Stabilized Refractory Materials Made From Canadian Kyanite Concentrate : Bull. Am. Ceram. Soc., vol. 38, No. 6, May 1959, pp. 204-268. `Iron and Cool Trades Review (London), Mullite Refractories From Kyanite: Vol. 179, No. 4757, Bept 18, 1059. p. 348. ' Motallurgla (MunclioBlcr, England), First Sllltinnnltc-Llned Blast Furnace: Vol. 00, No. 302, December 1959, p. 278. Lead By G. Richards Gwinn 1 and Edi 4- Contents Page Legislation and Government pro grams 646 Domestic production Mine production--------------------- 647 647 Prices_ Smelter and refinery produc tion651 World Techn HE DOMESTIC lead industry in 1 Tconsiderably lower supply of metal increase in consumption, and a res stocks. Recovery of secondary lead finery production and imports decreased port quotas remained in effect throughou lead (New York market) fluctuated fro TABLE 1.--Salient statistics of the lead 1960-64 (average) 1956 United Stales: Production: Mine production of recoverable Value (thousands)------ ......... Primary lead (refined): From domestic ores and base bullion...................-......................... From foreign ores and base bullion.............................................. Antlmonial lead (primary load conton t)......................................... .. Secondary load (lead oontent)___ Imports: Lead In ores and matte.............. Lead In pigs, bars, and old....... Stocks (lead content): At primary smelters and refln- At consumer plants............................ Consumption of metal, primary and secondary....................................... Price, common lead, New York, average, ceuts per pound___ ..... World: Mine production............................. .. Smelter production................................ Price, common lead, London, aver age, cents per pound---------------- ... 376,443 $111,040 360,019 111,073 18,842 487,868 114,166 1,414 369,102 1,436 106,931 120,716 1, 170,009 14.96 2,000,000 1,996,000 14.78 338,026 $100,731 321,132 168,026 14,680 602,061 177, 479 284,729 403 89,443 117,468 1,212,644 16.14 2,430,000 2,260,000 12.19 1 Commodity specialist. 3 Statistical assistant Figures on imports and exports compiled by Mae sion of Foreign Activities, Bureau of Mines, from Commerce, Bureau of the Census. 646 MINERALS YEARBOOK, 1969 LEGISLATION AND GOVERNMENT PROGRAMS The third session of the United Nations Lead and Zinc Commit tee, April 28 to May 6, 1959, and the inaugural meeting of the Lead and Zinc Study Group, May 4 to 6, 1959, were held at United Nations Headquarters, New York, N.Y. No concrete intergovernmental agreements were made on the curtailment of metal production. The Lead and Zinc Study Group, an autonomous intergovernmental body, replaced the Lead and Zinc Committee. Membership was opened to governments of any. countries that were members of the United ations or appropriate specialized agencies, also to contracting parties to the General Agreements on Tariffs and Trade interested in the production or consumption of, or trade in, lead and zinc. The committee was charged with providing continuous, accurate informa tion on the supply and demand position of lead and zinc and its probable development. For this purpose the group was asked to arrange for the collection of internationally comparable statistical data on lead and zinc. The import quotas established in Octobor 1958 by Presidential proclamation continued without revision throughout 1959. The value of the quota system was questioned. Some opinions were that (1) quotas should he expanded and extended; (2) quotas should be re moved immediately with no increase in duties; and (3) quotas should be removed immediately with an increase in tariff rates. In addition to maintaining import quotas, the Federal Government took additional measures to assist the domestic lead industry. A number of bills were introduced (and still pending) in Congress; an investigation was initiated by the Tariff Commission to study import trends of manufactured lead products not covered by quotas: and a Senate Resolution (S. Res. 162), adopted August 21, 1959, directed the U.S. Tariff Commission to investigate the domestic lead industry. This investigation would include specific findings of the Commission on the condition of the lead mining industry and would indicate what additional import restrictions, if any, were needed so that domestic lead mining might be conducted on a sound and stable basis. The report was to be submitted to Congress on or before March 31, 1960. Under the Office of Minerals Exploration, which limited Govern ment participation to one-half the cost and a maximum of $250,000 for any one contract, six new contracts were certified in 1959. Total expenditure authorized under the contracts was $221,796, of which the Government paid one-half or $110,898. Five of the contracts were for exploration of lead-zinc deposits and one for lead alone. No surplus-agricultural-product barter contracts for lead were negotiated by the Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC), as lead had been removed from the list of materials eligible for barter late in December 1958. The addition of 45,000 short tons of lead to the CCC stockpile between February and October 1959 represented deliveries on contracts negotiated in earlier years. The last contract was com pleted on August 12,1959. No Government purchases of lead were made for the strategic stockpile as the Government procurement program had terminated at the end of 1958. LEAD Fig u h e 1.--Trends in the lead industry in the Uni tion includes primary refined, antlmonlal, and pigments made directly from ore. Imports are of the lead content of ores, mattes, and concen bars, base bullion, and scrap. DOMESTIC PRODUC MINE PRODUCTIO The domestic output of 255,600 short ton the lowest in 60 years. It was 4 percent b only 37 percent of the record production decline was attributed to large lead-indu accumulation of stocks was due largely to th from August 26 to almost the end of t disputes. Monthly production declined fro to 19,700 in July. An upturn began in Au 22,000 tons in December. The production of lead in the Western same as in 1958 but accounted for 56 perce compared with 53 percent in 1958. Idaho produced 62,400 tons, an increase and again ranked first among the lead-p and second in the United States. The Bun 648 MINERALS YEARBOOK, 1959 d'Alene district continued to be the State's largest producer. Tho incrcaso in the Idaho output resulted chiefly from an increased ex traction rate at tho principal mines in Shoshone County. In the development of deeper ore in the Coeur d'Alene district depths in excess of 4,000 feet were reached. Mining at a depth of 4,420 feet, or 1,720 feet below sea level, was planned for the Sunshine mine. The Hercules mine of Day Mines, Inc., was closed in the latter part of tho year. ' Utah continued to hold second place among the producers of lead in the Western States. The United States and Lark mine maintained its position as the largest producer in the State; other important producers were the United Park City and Mayflower-Park Galena mines. A merger agreement was reached by Chief Consolidated Mining Co. and Shattuck-Denn Mining Corp. The Bear Creek Min ing Co., domestic exploration affiliate of ICennecott Copper Corp., dis covered and commenced development of a major silver-lead-zinc ore body in the Tintic district. Colorado was the third largest lead producer in tho Western States. Tho Eagle mine of New Jersey Zinc Co. at Gilman and the San Miguel property of Idarado Mining Co. were the two major lead producers in Colorado. The newly reppened Rico mine in Dolores County and the Emperius mine at Creede also made significant contributions to the State's lead production. TABLE 2.--Mine production of recoverable lead in the United States, by States, in short tons 1950-64 (average) 1966 1966 1967 1968 1969 Wostorn Stntos: Utah.................................................................... as 15, 622 10,466 26,397 78.874 10,393 6.162 4,109 6 3 46 40.382 10,216 Total ........................................................... 216, 762 Wost Central States: 9 6,346 127,744 15,189 Total ............................................................. 149,288 States East of tho Mississippi River: 3,366 73 1,346 31 3.133 1.466 Total............................................................... 9.393 376,443 1 9,817 8,206 16.806 64.163 17,028 3,291 8,296 3 60,462 10,340 182,461 6, 498 126,412 14,126 146,036 4,644 1,037 2,990 1,948 10,628 338,026 1 11,999 9,206 19,856 64.321 18,642 6,384 6,042 6 49, 666 11,667 197,768 7,636 123,783 12,360 143,768 3,832 228 1,008 6 3.046 2, 682 11,300 862.826 9 12,441 3,468 21,003 71,637 13.300 6,979 6,294 6 44,471 12, 734 190,331 4,267 126, 345 7,183 137,786 2,970 411 1,067 3.162 1,900 10,100 338,216 2 11,890 140 14,112 63,603 8,434 4, 160 1,117 1 40.365 9,020 142,824 1,299 113,123 3,692 118,114 1,010 610 679 2,034 800 6,439 207,377 9,090 227 12,907 62,396 7,672 1,367 820 36.030 10,310 142,326 38 481 105,165 001 106,285 2, 670 400 481 2, 770 746 6,976 266,686 i Includes 4 tons from North Carolina Jn 1994, 2 tons In 1956, 10 tons In 1956, and 9 tons In 1957. TABLE 3.-- P rin cip a l ores yie ld in g lead and z in c In the U nited States In 1959, in short to n s 1 LEAD 597825--flft- 42 650 MINERALS YEARBOOK, 1969 Washington was one of the few States showing an increase in lead output. The Pend Oreille mine of Pend Oreille Mines and Metal Co. ana the Grandview mine of American Zinc Lead and Smelting Co. were again the major producers. Mining companies opposed the planned construction of two large power dams in the Metalino district, Pend Oreille County, on the grounds that large resources of lead and zinc would be irrevocably lost by flooding. The declino in lead output in Arizona, which began in 1958, continued through 1959. The Iron King mine operated by the Shattuck-Denn Mining Corp. was the State's leading producer. McFarland & Hullinger closed the San Xavier mine late in the year. The Ari-Vada Corp. began operating the McCracken lead-silver mine near Signal in Mo have County ana constructed n new 150-ton mill to process the ore. Lead production from Montana was the lowest since the economic de pression of the early 1930's. The reduced output was attributed chiefly to a prolonged labor strike at the mines in Butte. A sizable block of lead-zinc-silver-gold ore was opened by leasers in a supposedly minedout area of tho Snowshoe mine. A new 100-ton selective flotation con centrator, utilizing jig tailings and ore from the mine, was placed in operation near Libby Mountain by St. Paul Lead Co., of Kellogg, Idaho, and Merger Mines Corp. of Coeur d'Alene, Idaho, joint owners TABLE 4.--Leading lead-producing mines in the United States in 1959, in order of ontpnt Rank Mine District or region State Operator Type of ore 1 Missouri___ St. Joseph Lead Co... Lead. Missouri. 2 The Dunkcr Hill Co.. 3 United States it Lark, West Mountain (Bingham). Utah............... U.S. Smelting, Ro- Gold-silver, fining & Mining Co. lead-zinc. 4 Missouri___ 6t. Joseph Lead Co... Lead. Missouri. 6 Do. 6 7 Missouri___ St. Joseph Lead Co... Lead. Missouri. 8 Washington. Lead-zinc. Metals Co. 0 Do. Inn Corp. 10 Treasury Tunnel- Upper San Miguel.. Colorado___ Idarado Mining Co... Copper-lead- Black Bear- zinc. Smuggler Union. 11 American Smelting it Lcad-zlnc. Refining Co. 12 Lead. Lead Mines Co. 13 United Park City.. Uintah........................... Utah............... United Park City Lead-zinc. Mines Co. 14 Do. 15 Missouri___ Lead-copper. Missouri. 16 Mnyflower-Galona.. 17 Red cilff(Battlo Utah............... Colorado___ The Now Jersey Zinc Copper, Icad- Mountain). Oo. zlnc. 18 10 Washington. Lead-zinc. it Smelting Co. 20 Montana___ Lead. Refining Co. 21 Emperlus Mining Co. 22 Silver. 23 24 Do. 2ft Lead. LEAP of the Snowshoe mine. The mill also was operators on a custom basis. Most of the Nevada lead production w processing manganese and gold-silver ore Jersey Zinc Co/s Hanover mine-mill un mer and the lease of the Linchburg m creased the monthly production level in year. Missouri continued in first place amon Nation. Mines in Oklahoma and Kansa most of 1959 because of continued low me of the ore. The output of lead from the mines of Belt, although 7 percent below 1958, re the U.S. total. St. Joseph Lead Co. re from a 5-day to a 4-day workweek in Feb metal market. The 6-day week was resu maintained throughout the rest of the ye pany's new Viburnum ore bodies in Cra Counties, continued. One of the three n tomed at approximately 800 feet, and a sunk to a considerable depth. Lateral c tomed shaft. Ore reserves were large, an considerably higher than that of parts of A small quantity of lead was recov dumps; however, no mine production richly productive Tri-State mines in n Kansas, and southwest Missouri. Lead production from mines east of almost exclusively from processing zinc in small quantities. Improved zinc met foreshadowed a possible improvement Eastern States. SMELTER AND REFINERY Refined lead produced in the United sources--domestic mine production, imp bullion, and scrap material (treated la The lead was recovered at primary re bullion, and small quantities of scrap processed scrap exclusively. Refined TABLE 6.--Mine prodnotion of recoverable lea In short tons Month 1968 1969 January.. February. March___ April_____ May.......... June.......... July......... . 26,123 23,827 48,440 25,896 24,628 22,901 21,142 23.626 21,449 21,156 21,432 20,875 21,634 19,657 Augus Septe Octob Deoe 652 MINERALS YEARBOOK, 1959 lead were produced by both primary and secondary plants. Because of the large quantity of hard lead (such as battery scrap) melted at secondary smelters, the output from this typo of operation was prin cipally antimonial lead. _ A list of primary smelters and refiners was presented in the Lead chapter of the 1957 Minerals Yearbook. The only changes are the deletion of the United States Smelting, Refining & Mining Co.'s smelter at Midvale, Utah, which shut down late in 1958, and a cor rection in the location of the Bunker Hill smelter and refinery, which is at Kellogg, Idaho. A list of the major secondary smelting firms and their plant locations follows: ' American SmeltiDg & Refining Co. (including Federated Metals Division) plants: Los Angeles, San Francisco, and Selby, Calif.; Waiting, Ind.; Omaha, Nebr.; Newark and Perth Amboy, N.J.; Houston, Tex. Bers & Co., Inc., Philadelphia, Pa. The Bunker Hill Co., Seattle, Wash. Caswell, Strauss & Co., Inc., Sewaren, N.J. Continental Smelting & Refining Co., McCook, 111. Detroit Lead Corp., Detroit, Midi. ' Eastern Smelting & Refining Co., Los Angeles, Calif. Electric Storage Battery Co., Philadelphia, Pa. Goldsmith Bros., Dlv. of National Lend Co., Chicago, 111. Gopher Smelting & Refining Co., St. Paul, Minn. Imperial Type Metals Co. plants : Chicago, 111., and Philadelphia, Pa. Industrial Metal Melting Co., Inc., Baltimore, Md. Inland Metals Refining Co., Chicago, 111. Nassau Smelting & Refining Co., Inc., Tottenvllle, N.Y. National Lead Co. (including Magnus Metal Division, Morris P. Kirk & Son, Inc., and Master Metals, Inc.) plants: Los Angeles, Calif.; Denver, Colo.; Atlanta, Ga.; Chicago and Granite City, 111.; Indianapolis, Ind.; Topeka, Kans.; Baltimore, Md.; Boston and Fitchburg, Mass.; St. Louis Park, Minn.; St Louis, Mo.; Omaha, Nebr.; Perth Amboy, N.J.; Albany and Depew, N.Y.; Cincinnati and Cleveland, Ohio; Portland, Oreg.; Pittsburgh, Pa.; Dallas and Houston, Tex. National Metal & Smelting Co., Fort Worth, Tex. North American Smelting Co., Wilmington, Del. Price Battery Corp., Hamburg, Pa. Revere Smelting & Refining Co-, Newark, N.J. Schuylkill Products Co., Baton Rouge, La. Seltzlnger's Inc., Atlanta, Ga. Southeastern Lead Co., Tampa, Fla. Southern Lead Co., Dallas, Tex. U.S.S. Lead Refinery, Inc., East Chicago, Ind. Hyman Viener & Sous, Richmond, Va. Western Lead Products Co., Los Angeles, Calif. Willard Smelting Co., Inc., Charlotte, N.C. Winston Lead Smelting Co., Winston-Salem, N.C. Refined Lead--Primary and Secondary.--The 12 active domestic pri mary lead smelters and refineries produced 342,100 tons of refined lead and 35,600 tons of lead in antimonial lead. A total of 379,900 tons of lead in primary raw materials and 27,700 tons in scrap was consumed. Smelter output, however, was interrupted during the year because of labor disputes which closed a large proportion of the smelters from August 20 until almost the end of the year. Domestic ores were the source of 66 percent of the 340,900 tons of refined lead produced from primary sources, and foreign ores and bullion supplied 34 percent (57 and 43 percent, respectively, in 1958). l ead TABLE 8.--Refined lead produoed at primary ref source material, in sho Source 1950-64 (averago) 1955 Refined lead: From domestic ores and base bullion.. From foreign ores............... ....................... From foreign base bullion.......................... 359,010 110,270 1,307 321,132 167,803 102 Total from primary sources............... 470,002 From scrop_______ _______ ______________ 4.339 479,157 4,079 Total refined lead...................................... Average sales price per pound......................... Total calculated value of primary refined load (thousands) 1 476,031 $0.147 $138,383 483,230 $0.149 $142, 789 1 Excludes value of roflnod lead producod from scrap at prima Primary lead smelters also produced 1,2 scrap and secondary lead smelters, 124,200 and remelt lead from all sources totaled 46 Antimonial Lead--Primary and Secondary smelters produced 230,800 tons of antimo content)--about 9 percent above the 19 smelter output of 35,600 tons (lead conte scrap, most of which was battery-lead plate domestic sources, and 17 percent from fo smelters produced 181,200 tons (lead cont Battery-lead plates accounted for 62 pe tin-base scrap melted. Antimonial lead recovered. Other Secondary Lead.--Secondary lead r suming scrap totaled 451,400 tons--an in 1958. Secondary lead and copper smelters total, primary lead smelters 5 percent, and ries 5 percent. Soft lead accounted for 12 in antimonial lead, 204, 350 tons; lead-base babbitts, and cable lead), 96,300 tons; and tons. A small quantity was recovered fro TABLE 7.--Antimonial lead produced at primar States Year Antimony content Produc ` tion (short Short tons) tons Percent 1960-64 (averngo).............................. 1956......................................................... 1056................................................. 1957......................................................... 1968......................................................... 1059............................................... GO, 743 04,044 60,826 67,780 60,246 37,487 4,274 3,656 3,348 3,004 2.803 1,024 7.0 5.6 5.0 4.6 6.0 6.1 654 MINERALS YEARBOOK, 195 9 TABLE 8.--Stooks and consumption of new and old lead scrap In the United States In 1959, gross weight. In short tons Class of consumers and type of scrap beginning Receipts of year1 Consumption New . Old scrap scrap Total Blocks end of year Smeltors and reflnors: Drosses and residues.................................... Foundries and otber manufacturers: Drosses and residues................ .. Grand total: 2,946 938 2,223 32,674 1,169 '397 1,606 16,228 67,069 46,231 16,401 27,366 367,917 6,416 11,106 24,662 77,482 666.670 92 166 34 90 206 60 282 1,018 99 461 316 9,748 178 10,802 3,037 1,103 2,267 32,764 1,464 467 1,605 16,610 68,087 46,330 16,962 27,682 367,017 16,164 11,283 24,662 77,482 677,472 76,089 70,089 46,261 16,497 27,606 361,076 6,667 10,911 26,087 403,084 40,261 10,497 27,695 361,976 6,667 10,911 26,087 70,089 670,073 9 160 160 l 473 474 310 310 67 67 9,800 0,800 88 141 220 30 30 128 10,950 11,078 9 1 88 76,119 76,217 46.411 10,970 28,006 362,033 16,370 11,062 25,087 504,034 46,420 16,971 28,006 362,033 16,376 11,140 25,087 76,119 681,151 2,026 932 1,894 28,616 1,008 691 1,080 16,621 63,606 22 162 40 33 234 9 742 2,947 1,084 1,934 28,648 1,242 600 1,080 16,873 64,408 > Revised figures. TABLE 9.--Secondary metal recovered 1 from lead and tin scrap In the United States In 1959, by type of products, gross weight In short tons' Load Tin Antimony Othor Total Remelt lead............................................................... 103,474 21,906 126,379 Lead and tin alloys; Antimonial lead.............................................. Oommon babbitt........................................... Genuine babbitt............................................. Bolder................................................................... Type metals..................................................... Gable lead.......................................................... Miscellaneous alloys..................................... Total..... ........................................................... Composition foil........ ............................................ Grand total................................................... 204,346 16,968 38 21,587 30,329 26,656 1,716 300,629 37 426,046 -- - 3,268 336 3,604 894 1,192 204 4,772 1,827 4 660 9,043 2 956 13,604 12,343 1,904 41 332 4,929 207 136 20,042 1 20,043 '' 180 139 6 77 138 2 574 wT 103,474 21,906 125,379 3,268 336 3,604 217,269 20,283 289 26,768 37,223 25,926 2,630 330,288 40 966 460,266 * Most ol the figures herein represent actuBl roported recovery ol metal Irom scrap rather than secondary metal content of shipments as In years belore 10M. LEAD TABLE 10.--Secondary lead reoovered 1960-64 (average) As reflnod metal: 4,339 132,643 Total................................................... 136,982 In antimonial lead: At otber plants........................................... 37,627 193,103 Total................................................................ 230,790 120,096 Grand total: 487,808 $144,107 $ TABLE 11.--Lead reoovered from sorap pr of sorap and form of reo Kind of scrap 1968 1069 New scrap: Lead-base___________ ______ Copper-base............................ 63,466 4,779 283 Total....................................... 68,618 Old scrap: Battery-lead plates.............. All other lead-base Tin-base................. ................ .. 202,007 123,461 17,796 6 Total....................................... 343,269 Grand total......................... 401,787 62,101 6,098 426 68,626 241,639 129,848 21,272 3 392,762 451,387 A In In In In 1 Includes 30,097 tons of lead recovered In antlmoninl 1058 and 23,181 tons In 1089, CONSUMPTION Domestic consumption of lead was 12 percent below the peak year 1950. cent was soft lead, primary and seco tent of antimonial lead; 4 percent w lead in copperrbase scrap; 3.6 percen went directly to an end product; an from ore in the production of leaded Monthly consumption varied thro 97,700 tons and the low of 84,900 to November^ respectively. Approximately 72 percent of all facture of metal products, the larges teries (35 percent of all lead consum for grids and posts and soft lead f quantity (15 percent) was used for 656 MINERALS YEARBOOK, 1969 was for tetraethyl lead. Lead pigments used 10 percent; approxi mately 71 percent of the lead used in pigments was for manufacturing red lead and litharge. Shipments of 27 million units of replacement batteries were re ported by the Association of Battery Manufacturers, Inc., or about 7 percent above the 25.2 million units shipped in 1958. TABLE 12.--Consumption of lead In the United States, by products, in Bhort tons 1968 I960 1968 1060 Metal products: Ammunition.......................... Bearing metals...................... Brass and bronzo................. Cable covering...................... Calking load........................... Casting metals...................... CoUapsiblo tubes................. Foil............................................. Pipes, traps, and bends... Solder........................................ Torno motal........................... Type motal............................. 40,216 18,980 20,370 74,981 70.807 8,674 8,432 4,686 23.044 25,104 69, 663 1,227 26, 740 Total...................................... 382,822 Storage batteries: Antimonial lead................... 159, 795 Lead oxides............................ > 152,030 Total..................................... 312,726 46,328 23,208 24,264 61,626 80,001 8,305 9, 442 3, 745 24,825 28,158 68,871 1,611 27,000 407, 620 187,284 103,448 380,732 Pigments: White lead.............................. Red lead and litharge........ 13, 689 64,802 11,863 6,667 10.966 74,116 13,827 4,773 Total..................................... 05,001 103,071 Chemicals: Miscellaneous chemicals.. 150,412 3,233 100,020 4,485 162, 645 164,605 Miscellaneous uses: 6,114 1,220 438 7, 677 6,129 1,184 302 8,748 14,365 17,939 16,303 10,358 980,387 1,001,149 i Corrected figure. * Includes lead content of leaded zId c oxide and other pigments. 1 Includes lead which wont directly from scrap to fabricated products. TABLE 13.--Consumption of lead in the United States, by months, in short tons Month 1058 1059 Month 1958 1960 July.................................................... 82,385 72,000 77,723 70,909 70,214 81,131 80,635 80,122 85,124 80,431 01, 504 90,443 06, 286 90, 048 Total i........................ .......... 84, 450 90,222 92,011 84. 307 84, 678 980, 387 02,601 06,162 07,008 84,903 80.108 1,091,149 1 Includes lead coutont of leaded zinc oxide and other pigments and load which went directly from scrap to fabricated products. TABLE 14.--^Consumption of lead in the United States in 1959, by class of produot and typeB of material, in short tons Soft lend Lead In autlinonlal lend Lead in alloys Lead Lu copper-base scrap Total Total................................................................ 235,002 }07,733 90,108 104,407 8,819 10, 531 722,080 00,353 182,050 102 8 0,644 1,700 260,822 46,064 18,611 40 ......................1 368 46,462 18,611 308,010 880,732 90,300 164,606 16,363 18,656 ` 1,047,465 * Excludos 39,313 tons of load that went directly from scrap to fabricalod products and 4,371 tons of lead contained In loadod zino oxide and other pigments. LEAD TABLE 15.--Lead consumption, by State State Refined soft load Lea antim le California....................................... ............................. Colorado............................ ......................................... Connecticut................................ -......................._.. District of Columbia............................................. Florida........................................ ................................ Illinois........................................................................... Indiana........................................................................ Kansas.......................................................................... Kentucky.................................. ........ ......................... Maryland.--.................................. .............. ............ Massachusetts................. ......................................... Michigan......................... ........ ................ ................. Missouri................ .................... ................................. Nebraska.............................................. ....................... New Jersoy.................................... ...................... ...... New York................. .................................................. Ohio............................................................................... Pennsylvania.................... Rhode Island........................................................... Tennessee......... -...................... ................................ Virginia.................................... ........................ .. Washington.......................... ..................................... Wost Virginia............................................................ Wisconsin................................................................... Alabama and Georgia >......................................... Iowa and Minnesota.................................. Montana and Idaho............................................. .. Now Hampshire. Maine, and Delaware.... Arkansas and Oklahoma............................ ... Hawaii and Oregon............................... ................ North and South Carolina_______ Louisiana and Texas............ Utah, Nevada, and Arizona____... Undistributed..........................^............................... Total................................................................. 74,113 1,609 16,707 106 1,035 71,694 48,466 6,697 6 7,777 6,034 11,766 48.826 10,071 112,229 47,616 22,472 36,962 3,016 381 1,736 0,003 14,929 013 28,699 1,132 16,635 3,672 2,619 778 30 114,861 98 061 722,680 2 2 3 1 2 1 2 1 26 ' Excludes 39,313 tons of lead wbioh went directly from scrap contained in leaded zino oxide and other nonspeclfled pigments < The following States are grouped to avoid disclosing individ Nine States accounted for 71 percent (excluding scrap). New Jersey used California, 10 percent each; Indiana, Pennsylvania, 6 percent each; Missouri, 5 Texas combined, 12 percent. LEAD PIGMENT Activity increased in all of the ma industries compared with 1958. The pro trucks rose 31 percent; the value of pub increased 6 and 13 percent, respective increased 9 percent; and the combined synthetic rubber rose 20 percent. Production and Shipments.--Lead consu pigments totaled about 280,000 tons com 1958, an increase of 19 percent. White lead, red lead, litharge, and b refined lead and constituted 99 percent o The lead content of loadod zinc oxide ma 4 Prepared by Arnold M. Lasscbe, commodity specia assistant. 658 MINERALS YEARBOOK, 1959 TABLE 18.--Salient statistics of the lead pigments1 Industry of the United States 1060-54 (averogo) 1056 1060 1057 1058 1059 Bblpmonts: White lead (dry and In oil) short tons.. Red lead..................................do____ Litharge.................................. do____ Black oxide1......................... do____ 31,808 31.060 163,521 78,741 ' 25,676 29,272 148,611 113,874 26,098 27, 076 131,626 106,956 23,674 20. 008 100,788 127,683 18,360 21,092 02.165 120,000 19,224 21,906 100,013 152,341 Value of pigments..................................... $73,484,000 $60,133,000 $87,106,000 $54,148,000 $30,442,000 Value per ton recei ved by producers: White lead (dry)............................... 382 302 413 416 388 Red lead................................................ 346 342 364 364 289 Litharge................................................ 321 326 346 321 277 $43^835,000 382 310 275 Foreign trade: Value of exports................................ Value of Imports................................ 007.000 651.000 076.000 1,100,000 1.404.000 1.004.000 1.064.000 196.000 1,406,000 1.800.000 1.769.000 2.640.000 Export balance............................ 366,000 781,000 -350,000 -492,000 -666,000 -686,000 ' Excludes basic lead sulfate; flguro withheld to avoid disclosing Individual company confidential data. Production. TABLE 17.--Production and shipments of lead pigments1 In the United States 1968 1069 Pigmont Produc tion (short tons) Short tons Shipments Value Total Average Produc tion (short tons) Shipments Short tons Value i4 * * Total Average White lead: Dry................. In oil ............ Red lead................ Litharge................. 12,700 6,648 21,934 92,070 4 120,609 12,689 6,771 21,992 92,166 $4,883,006 2,692.205 0,303,384 26,603,104 $388 407 289 277 12,352 0, M0 21,949 105, 686 162,341 12,436 6,788 21,906 100,013 $4,761,792 3,174,138 6,789,381 29,119,870 $382 408 310 276 i Except for baslo lead sulfate and orange mlnoral; figures withheld to avoid disclosing Individual company confidential data. * At plant, exclusive of contalnor. 1 Weight of white lead only, but value of paste. * Revised figure. TABLE 18.--Lead pigments 1 shipped by manufacturers in the United States, In short tons Year Dry White lead In oil Total Rod lead Llthargo Black oxide 1 1950-54 (average) ......................... 1965...................................................... 1068...................................................... 1957...................................................... 1068...................................................... 1059...................................................... 20,332 17,868 17.448 14,808 12, 689 12,436 11,476 7,717 8. 250 8. 076 6, 771 6,788 31,808 26,676 25,008 23,674 18,300 10, 224 31,009 29,272 27,076 1 20,908 21,092 21,006 163,621 148,511 131,626 100, 788 02,105 100,013 78, 741 113,874 100,050 127,583 > 120,609 162,341 i Excludes basic load suifato and orange mineral; figures withheld to avoid disclosing Individual company confidential data. * Production by battery manufacturers. * Revised figure. LEAD TABLE 19.--Lead content of lead and zlno manufacturers, by souroes 1068 Pigment Lead In pigmont* produced from-- Ore Domestic Foreign Pig lead Tota lead i pi*ment White lead ............. Leaded zinc oxide... Total................... 2,676 2,876 14,646 14,6 10,883 19,8 85,625 85,6 >115,490 * 116,4 727 3,4 727 *235,653 *239,0 ' Excludes lead In basic lead sulfate and orange mineral; fi company confidential data. * Revised figuro. TABLE 20.--Distribution of white lead (dry an in short tons Industry 1960-64 (aversgo) 26,104 1,143 4,601 31,808 1956 19,826 484 *6,266 26,676 > Excludes basic lead sulfate; figures withheld to avoid disc * Includes 1,355 tons for plasticizers and stabilizers. Figures for plasticizers and stabilizers withheld to avoid dis cent. Basic lead sulfate is not reporte leaded zinc oxide; lead silicate, as it included with litharge. Consumption and Uses.--White Lead percent of the white lead shipments com Shipments to the ceramic industry furn tribution in 1959. Other uses for the greases, and plasticizers and stabilizers part of the unspecified category belong Basie Lead'Svlfate.--Substantial qu used as an intermediate product in ma Bed Lead.--The paint industry receiv compared with 62 percent in 1958. " lubricants, petroleum, rubber, and unspe Orange Mineral.--No production of t 660 MINERALS YEARBOOK, 1969 Litharge.--Battery makers continued to claim most of the litharge shipped to industry. Ceramics received about 15 percent, chrome pig ments 4 percent, oil relining 3 percent, rubber 2 percent, varnish 4 percent, and the remaining 72 percent was classified as "Other," which consisted of chemicals, driers, floor covering, friction material, ink, insecticides, storage batteries, and unspecified uses. Battery makers produced 152,000 tons of leaded litharge, commonly called black or gray suboxide, for making the paste used in filling the interstices of battery plates. Prices.--Tho quoted price of white lead ranged from 17 to 18 cents a pound or $340 to $360 a ton in carlots in 1959. The average value of shipments of dry white lead was $382 a ton, down $6 from 1958; the in-oil variety was up $1 to $468. The quoted price of red lead ranged from 14.25 to 17.75 cents a pound or $285 to $355 a ton in less than carlots; average value of shipments rose $21 to $310 a ton. The quoted price of litharge ranged from 13.75 to 15.75 cents a pound or $275 to $315 a ton in less than carlots; average value of shipments decreased $2 a ton to $275. Foreign Trade.--Imports of lead pigments and salts increased 52 per cent in value and 55 percent in quantity compared with 1958. Im ports of white lead, red lead, litharge, and other lead compounds rose 48, 631, 48, and 409 percent, respectively, over 1958; other lead pigments increased 28 tons. V TABLE 21.--Distribution, of red-lead shipments, by Industries, In short tons Industry 1060-64 (overage) Total...................................... 13,820 14, 806 620 2,417 31,066 i Included with "Ottaor." 1055 14,308 11,008 2,209 20,272 1056 14,331 0,063 1,483 2,208 27,075 1057 16, 093 11,006 20,908 1658 13,726 {if 8,200 21,002 1059 I1! 0,807 21,006 TABLE 22.--Distribution of litharge shipments, by industries, In short tons Industry 1050-64 (average) Storage batteries............... ;.......... Coramlcs.......................................... Chrome pigments........................ Varnish............._.............................. Insectlcldos...................................... Oil roQnlng...................................... Kubbor.............................................. Floor coverings.............................. Othor.................................................. Total...................................... 99,157 20,007 8, 533 4,716 4,774 4,051 2,359 760 7.328 153, 621 1 Included with "Other." ' Rovlsed figure. 1955 00,200 24.173 6,025 5,208 3, 521 3,853 1,947 803 12. 783 148,511 1050 1957 82,041 19,802 3,658 3, 571 () 3,623 2,206 <) 16,784 \ (') 18,071 3,055 3,227 < > 3 3.350 1,268 (') 78,878 131,625 1 106, 788 1958 8 3.731 3,223 0) 2, 608 1,247 (') 81,300 02,106 1959 (0 16,340 4,682 4,726 (0 3,000 1.808 <l> 70, 382 106,013 : LEAD TABLE 23.--Value of lead pigments and salts Im United States (Bureau of the Oonsu Imports for consumption 1057 1058 19 Lead pigments: Whlto lead............................... Red lead............ -.................... Litharge_______________ ____ Other lead pigments........... Total...................................... Lead salts: Other lead compounds.... Total................................ .. Grand total________ _____ $25, 508 60,040 1,704,078 16.061 1,800, 687 16,003 15,003 1,011,600 $235, 725 13,243 1,500,105 604 1,758,827 10,770 10,770 1,760, 507 $32 9 2,21 2,64 5 6 2,60 < Beginning Jan. 1.1663, oiports not seporatoly classified. 1 Data not available. ' TABLE 24.--Lead pigments and salts imported States (Bureau of tbe Oensu Short tons Year Wblto lead (baslo carbon ate) Red lead Lith arge Load sub oxide 1960-54 (average).. 782 20 02 724 1,073 68 3 lljji 268 64 468 629 761 6,371 8,118 7,712 11,382 38 34 78 33 i Data known to be not comparable wltb otber years. TABLE 25.--Lead pigments and salts expo (Bureau of the Cens Year Shor < White Red lead Lith lead 1960-64 (average)........................... 805 464 1966...................................................... 967 326 1960...................................................... 064 362 1067...................................................... 812 622 1068................................................... I960...................................................... >3,440 * 3,178 1 Boginning Jan. 1,1066, white lead, red load, and lithrago n * Data not available. 662 MINERALS YEARBOOK, 1959 Exports of lead pigments and salts declined 12 percent in value and 14 percent in quantity, compared with 1058. Exports of lead arsenate decreased 33 percent. STOCKS Stocks of lead at primary producing plants, which had increased each month in 1958, continued upward through February of 1959. By December 31, however, inventories had declined to 171,100 tons-- 27 percent below 1958. These data represent physical inventories at the plants, irrespective of ownership, and do not include material in process or in transit. The American Bureau of Metal Statistics data show an additional 20,000 tons of bullion in process at and in transit to refineries and about 34,200 tons of ore in process at smelters--a total of nearly 225,300 tons of primary raw materials in stocks at these plants. Consumers' and secondary smelters' stocks of lead in 1958 continued to decline through February 1959 to 114,600 tons, reached a peak of 156,000 tons in August then droped to 126,500 tons by the end of December. The yearend total, however, was 3 percent above 1958. TABLE 26.--Stocks of lead at primary smelters and refineries In the United States at end of year, In short tons 1960-64 (average) Refined pig lead-......... -.............. Load In antlmonla) lead............ Load In base bullion....... ............ Lead In ore and matte................ Total...................................... 44,666 10,234 13,266 38, 876 106,931 1966 21,871 9,084 15, 586 42,903 89,443 1960 30,237 10,740 11,141 44,926 97,043 1967 1068 74,194 11,079 8,866 49,788 143,916 170,098 11,811 9,485 36,896 234,290 1969 107,683 11,301 12,840 39,196 171,079 TABLE 27.--C onsnraer stocks of lead In the United States at end of year, by type of material, In short tons, lead content Year Refined soft lead AnilXDontal lead Unraclted white scrap Lead In alloys Lead In copperbase scrap Drosses, residues, etc. Total 1965............................ 1956 ......................... 1957............................ 1968............................ 1969............................ 73,480 73,673 80.708 76, 924 80,277 23,081 40,226 39,376 37.611 38,688 2,914 8,146 8.007 7,051 7,056 0.436 1,618 2,089 1,676 1,409 1,096 8, 219 117,458 123,995 129,310 122,900 126,496 * Beginning 1966. consumer stocks of scrap were added lo secondary smelter stocks of scrap, aDd secondary smelter metal stocks were lncludod with consumer metal stocks. PRICES The quoted New York price for common lead was 13 cents a pound on January 1 and 12 cents a pound on December 31. There were 10 changes, however, during the year. From 13 cents a pound in early LEAD TABLE 28.--Average monthly and yearly quoted York, and London, In oents p Monlb 1968 8t. Louis New York Londo April.................................................... August............................................... October.............................................. December______________ _____ -- Average.............. ------------ 12.80 12.80 12.80 11.80 11.61 11.04 10.80 10.65 10.69 12.47 12.80 12.80 11.91 13.00 18.00 13.00 12.00 11.71 11.24 11.00 10.85 10.89 12.67 13.00 13.00 12.11 9 9 9 9 9 9 8 8 8 9 9 9 9 ' St. Louis: Metal Statistics, I960, p. 196. New York: Metal Metal and Mineral Markets. 1 Conversion of English quotations into American monoy bas by Federal Reserve Board. January, the price dropped to 11 cents by cent in March, and slumped again to 11 ce 24 the price had again reached 13 cents. G the late summer months, together with re producer stocks, were responsible for the decreases in December brought the yeare average for the year was 12.21 cents a pound Quotations on the London Metal Excha 65% per long ton on March 31 (equiva U.S. currency, computed on the average to a high of 76% (9.40 cents a pound) quotation on December 31 was 73% a lon and the average for the year 70.79 (8.88 c FOREIGN TRAD Imports.--General imports of lead, whic since 1954, dropped 29 percent in 1959. O declined 31 percent and metal imports, 2 were attributed largely to the restrictions imports of metal and concentrates. Abo imported was pigs and bars, 34 percent ana the remaining 2 percent was scrap and plied 33 percent of the pigs and bars impo Canada 16 percent, Yugoslavia 12 percent remaining 10 percent represented small e Peru supplied 27 percent of the total ores Canada 23 percent, Union of South Africa i 664 MINERALS YEARBOOK. 1969 18 percent.. The remaining 12 percent was supplied collectively by many other countries. The principal suppliers of imported pigs and bars, and also ores and concentrates, were the same as in 1958, but several of the major suppliers changed places in order of importance. The changes were believed to reflect to some extent the size of the allotments assigned to the various countries under the quota system. Exports.--Exports of lead, although slightly larger than in 1958, totaled only 2,756 tons. Tariff.--The duties on pig lead and lead content of ores and concen trates remained iy10 cents and % cent a pound, respectively. TABLE 29.--Total lead imported Into the United States in ore, matte, base bullion, pigs, bars, and reclaimed, by countries, In short tons, in terms of lead content1 [Bureau oC the Census] Country 1050-54 (averago) 1055 1956 1967 1958 1969 Ore. flue dust and matte: North Amorica: Cnnnda-Newfoundland and Labra- 21,717 3,268 823 2.090 185 33,000 5,208 2,767 2,201 3 30, 092 6,004 2,069 3,800 8 25,193 8,965 2,956 3,835 113 * 22,270 6,276 6,019 3,681 1,780 45 32,426 146 3,630 489 106 Total............................................................... 28, 679 43,259 44,430 41,061 37,077 36,805 South America: Chile................................................................... 16,346 2,252 131 26, 549 147 13,812 400 540 44,223 82 17,177 118 1,440 65,174 184 18,319 35 1 55,7G6 1 1,078 14,715 367 861 70,757 146 11,205 113 622 36,906 63 Total............................................................... 45, 425 243 69,072 74,003 21 75.189 * 86,835 264 240 48,089 221 Asia: 1,865 70 2,635 2,222 422 783 1,169 240 317 315 26 Total............................................................... 1,044 2,635 2,044 1,029 1,480 340 Africa: 23,641 668 41. 575 44,208 43,016 25 40,215 1 27,879 24,200 13,665 41,675 30,038 44,208 31,014 43,041 40,216 30,005 ' 26,839 27.879 24,854 114,106 177,470 190,452 108,470 ' 201,609 139,178 Base bullion: 247 83 () 184 000 31 84 <>) 8 462 34 46 1,414 31 81 400 80 North America: Canada-Nowfoundland and Labra* 75,010 133,214 50 34,453 93,369 16,220 77,541 28.607 102,504 (') 40,926 122,864 41,533 86,827 324 I 208,874 127,822 03,761 131,111 163,790 128,684 See footnotes ot end of table. LEA TABLE 29.--Total lead Imported into the U pips, bars, and reolalmed, by oountrles tent 1--Continued Country 1950-54 (average) Pigs and bars: South America: 36,690 173 Total................................................................ 35,703 Europe: 928 4,047 2,306 1,620 44,891 2,296 Total................................................................ 66,088 1,172 7,242 49,440 368,679 Reclaimed, scrap, eta: North America: Canada-Newfoundland and Labra- 2,498 1,058 1,124 4,080 South America: 138 194 44 Total....... ........................................................ 376 Europe: 43 12 69 106 301 621 Asia: Japan (Including Nansel and Nanpo 3,124 248 Total................................................................ 3,372 3 Oceania: 1,365 106 Total....................1.......................................... 1,471 10,523 484,681 i Data aro "general Imports/' that Is, they Include lea entering the country under bond. * Revised figure. < Less than 1 ton. West Germany, effective Jan. 1, 1952. * French Morocco prior to Jan. 1, 1967. * Includes 90 tons from Northern Rhodesia In 1950-6 Rhodesia and Nyaaalpnd In 1960. ' Includes material classified by Bureau of the Censu Mines to be from French Morocco. 6^782$--60-------- 18 666 MINERALS YEARBOOK, 1959 TABLE 30.--Total lead Imported for consumption In the United States, In ore, matte, base bullion, pigs, bar8* reclaimed and sheets, pipe, and shot, by countries, In short tons, in terms of lead oontent1 (Bureau of the Census] Country 1950-54 (average) 1965 1956 1067 1958 1059 Ore. Quo dust and matte: North America: Canada-Newfoundland and Labrador. Total............................................................... South America: Ohllo................................................................... Total............................................................... Asia: Total............................................................... Africa: Oceania: 18.502 3,438 496 2,584 209 25.229 12,701 3,936 60 21,485 360 38, 627 225 1,866 70 1,944 20,055 1,397 22,352 11,162 Total............................................................... 11,162 Total ore, flue dust, and matte.......... 99,429 Base bullion: 220 38 () 184 634 070 Figs and bars: North America: Canada-Newfoundland and Labrador. 75, 610 130,123 00 Total............................................................... 205, 829 South America: 35, 546 173 Total............................................................... 36,710 Europo: 928 1,005 4.047 2,306 1,620 44.891 1,227 Total.............................................................. See footnotes at end of table. 50,084 41,104 2,910 099 1,602 1 4G, 372 0, 131 6,054 400 42,280 121 67,605 2,635 2,035 28,008 7 28.015 21,816 21,810 150,433 34, 453 93,313 127, 700 393 24.393 231 2,290 496 10.649 47 35.059 56 40.433 26,733 5,013 3,018 2.820 1 38.104 10,771 2,057 852 58,363 152 82,005 24 2,227 187 2,414 35,417 35,417 32,990 159 33,158 101,302 31 31 10,220 70, 242 02,462 33, 540 33,540 1,206 1,389 168 6, 700 116 38,001 773 40,252 30,302 12,120 6,108 6,002 1G 65,167 31,394 6, 270 4,044 * 3, 577 3,107 12 * 48,370 14,874 1,758 1,000 50,600 076 22,501 88 850 * 92,027 405 08,814 ' 116, 931 21 816 308 1,124 1,169 311 1,480 05,280 25 65.314 J37,093 1 * 37,994 44,207 33.829 44,207 33,829 234,016 237,026 25 1 < > 25 8 408 410 28,G07 09,208 40,020 117,938 127,815 158,804 34, 009 1,601 36,GOO 42, 533 140 42,070 1,852 1,910 1,550 3,119 2,600 40,262 607 62,032 4,604 1,452 3,008 0,605 8,560 36,780 607 64,421 28,644 157 3,649 627 8 33,085 10,820 113 422 38,979 66 60,390 107 203 25 318 28,939 1.821 30,700 22,036 22,030 130,000 34 34 41,478 82, 762 201 124,501 20,311 29,311 1,600 187 2,613 11,270 1,036 32,370 2,984 62,034 LEAD TABLE 30.--Total lead Imported for consumptio matte, base bullion, pigs, bars, reclaimed and sh In short tons, in terms of lead oontent1--Contin Country 1950-54 (average) 1955 Pigs and bars--Continued 1,178 66 Africa: 7,152 HO 7,800 7,262 49,439 7,800 64,630 355,611 263,977 Reclaimed, scrap, oto.: North America: Canada-Newfoundland and Labrador. 2, 628 1,058 1,131 7, 698 6,120 1,412 Total................................................................ 4,717 16,130 South America: 157 166 104 1,653 148 Total................................................................ 409 1,819 Europe: 43 576 12 282 69 3 196 113 299 567 Total.................................... *.......................... 619 3,507 3 1,540 26 Oceania: 1,117 04 376 54 Total................................................................ 1,211 420 10,656 18,944 Sheota, plpo, and shot: North Amorlca: . 90 321 13 1,296 Total.................................. J......................... . 103 1,616 14 89 432 4 ___ . . _ 210 2,048 466,682 441,402 1 Excludes Imports for manufacture In bond and export, which a by the Bureau of the Census. * Revised figure. < Less than 1 ton. 4 West Germany, effective Jan. 1, 1952. * French Morocco prior to Jan. ], 1967. * Includes material classified by the Bureau of tho Census as Bureau of Mines to be from French Morocco. 668 MINERALS YEARBOOK, 1650 TABLE 31.--Lead imported for consumption in the United States, by classes 1 * (Bureau of tho Consus] . Year Lead In ores, flue dust or fumo, and mattes, n.8.p.f. Lead in base bullion Short tons Voluo Bhort Value (thou tons (thou sands) sands) Pigs and bars Short tons Value (thou sands) Sheets, plpo, and shot Short Value tons (thou sands) Not other wise speci fied vniuo (thou sands) Total value (thou sands) 1950-64 (average). 99,429 >$25,072 976 $327 355, 611 >$99,349 210 *$79 *$173 >$127,307 1955............................ 160,433 <38,143 263.977 73,032 2,048 535 * 164 115, 805 1956............................ 191,302 60,621 31 11 262,204 *77,719 7,654 2,017 * 184 * 135,820 1957............................ 234,616 02.284 25 8 321.708 86,146 6,917 1,377 >300 * 160,816 1068............................ 237,025 60,772 410 130 351,769 71,404 2,625 606 440 * 124, 795 1959............................ 136,696 26,921 34 19 262,032 54,667 3, 608 850 586 84,347 * Excludes imports for manufacture Id bond and export, which are classified as "imports for consumption" by Bureau of the Census. * In addition to quantities shown (value Includod In total value),"reclaimed, scrap, etc.," Imported as follows--1050-64 (average): 10,660 tons, >$2,300,923; 1066: 18,044 tons, > $3,030,008; 1050: 20,404 tons, $5,. 208, 423; 1067: 7,670 tons, >$1,040,002: 1058: 8,019 tons, $1,440, 030; 1060; 7,807 tons, $1,304,107. * Data known to be not oomparable with other years. * Revised figure. TABLE 32,--Miscellaneous products containing lead, imported for consumption in the United States (Bureau of the Census] Year Babbitt metal, solder, white motal, and other combinations contain ing IcAd Typo metal 8Dd antlmonlol lead Gross Lead Value Gross Lead Value weight content (thousands) weight content (thousands) (short tons) (short tons) (short tons) (short tons) 1950-54 (average)........................... 1055..................................................... 1956..................................................... 1057........................................... .. 1958..................................................... 1050...................................................... 2,420 2,286 4,106 3,502 4,244 11,840 1,629 1,283 2, 626 2,100 2.040 3,751 >$1,801 > 1,911 >3,381 > 3,049 4,677 16,820 8,612 14,570 0,644 6,275 fi, 170 6, 612 7,400 13,213 8.500 4,858 4,525 6.020 $2,921 4,370 2.763 1,627 1,100 1,204 1 Data known to be not comparable with other years. 8WORLD REVIEW World mine and smelter production declined about 3 percent below 1958. The reduced output was attributed largely to voluntary limita tions on production by the major free-world producing countries and U.S. import quotas. Most of the lead entering international trade was mined in Australia, Canada, Mexico, Morocco (Northern and Southern Zones), Peru, South-West Africa, and Yugoslavia. The U.S.S.R. and Bulgaria of the Sino-Soviet bloc also were large pro ducers. Most of tho lead recovered in Australia, Canada, Mexico, and Yugoslavia was refined within those countries, but the bulk of that mined in Morocco, Peru, and South-West Africa was exported in the form of ores and concentrates. When zinc or copper were coproducts with lead, additional Information on minds and countries may be found in the Zinc and Copper chapters of the Minerals Yearbook 1968. LEAD NORTH AMER Canada.--Lead was recovered from com copper ores at 19 mines.8 Mine product refinery output 141,000 tons, compared w in 1958. Exports of lead in ores and tons and exports of pig'lead, 92,252 tons. TABLE 33.--Total lead exported from the United pigs, bars, anodes and scrap, by des (Bureau of the Cens Destination 1050-54 (average) 1965 Ore, matte, base bullion (load content): North America: 616 Total ore, matte, base bullion... Pigs, bars, anodes: North America: Total........................................................ Europe................................................................ Asia: Total........................................................ Scrap: 616 (>) 17 533 107 42 11 112 272 640 27 7 200 16 268 491 5 (>> 1,436 132 1 1,32 1,33 1,33 1 3 1 2 9 16 1 9 2 13 40 Europe: Total.......................... ............................. Asia: 27 96 881 64 1,007 670 75 49 14 88 21 2, 49 48 Total....................................................... 570 1,709 3,737 48 2,98 4,72 1 la addition foreign lead was reexported as follows: Ore, mat 3 tons; 1050: 6 tons; 1057; 4 tons; 1058-59: none. Pigs, bars, an 1050:50 tons; 1957:300 tons; 1058; 25 tons; 1959:83 tons. Scrap: 1 11 tons. J Less than 1 ton. 1 West Germany, effective Jan. 1, 1952. Buck. W. K., Review of Lead, Zinc, and Coppe PP. 7, 9,18. 1106 MINERALS YEARBOOK, 1059 duction has increased. Consumption of titanium mill products, using shipments as a gage, increased nearly 24 percent to 3,200 tons. One largo semifabricator reported that manned military aircraft continued to be the major market for titanium mill products; however, 15 percent of the metal shipped by the company was earmarked for use in missiles and an equal quantity for civilian application, chiefly in aircraft.' Use of titanium in missiles steins chiefly from its combination of lightness and high strength. The use of titanium instead of steel for the fourth-stage motor casing of the Juno II rocket that placed Pioneer IV in orbit around the sun reportedly permitted an additional 2 pounds of payload, an increase of 20 percent.3 Welded titanium rings, 74 inches in diameter, 2ys inches thick, and weighing 70.0 pounds, have been fabricated for use in the man-carrying space capsule scheduled for launching as part of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Project Mercury.1 Another important use of titanium in missiles was for gas pressure vessels. Although aircraft and missiles remained titanium's major markets, uses were developed in other fields. Chemical, petroleum, and food Processing firms began to use titanium for heat exchangers, impellers, Iters, condensers, coils, pressure vessels, valves, pumps, nozzles, re actors, and other equipment. Electronic uses in tubes, rectifiers, and computers were proposed. . The recently completed nickel-cobalt extraction facilities of Free port Nickel Co. represent the largest application of titanium in the processing industries. The leaching plant at Moa Bay, Cuba, used approximately 37,000 pounds of titanium in heat exchangers, process piping, values, and reactor internals.5 The purification plant at Port Nickel, La., used 8,000 pounds m processing equipment. The process, design problems, and material problems associated with the plants were discussed.3 Pigments.--Consumption of titanium pigments, using shipments as a gage, increased 10 percent over 1958. Consumption of pigments not separately classified in table 5 included use in ceramics, roofing** siding, gems, for titanium chemicals, and plastics. STOCKS Stocks of rutile, which have been increasing since 1955, continued to increase and at the end of 1959 represented over 3 years' supply at the 1959 rate of consumption. Titanium-slag stocks also increased but stocks of ilmenite decreased. Yearend stocks of titanium sponge held by producers, melters, and semifabricators totaled 1,000 tons, about the same as stocks at the end of 1958, and were enough for a 3 months' supply at tho 1959 consumption rate. An additional 22,474 tons was hold in the revolving sponge stockpile. * Annual Report of the Allegheny Ludlum Steel Corporation, 1959, Titanium Metals Corporation of America, p. 14. ...................... ....... At Missiles and Rockets, Titanium, Plastic Uockct Cases Gain: Vol. 5, No. 42, Oct. 12, 1050, pp. 20-30, 32-33. TT , . e ,, , ,. * Materials In Design ICnglncerlng. Lnrgost Titanium Rims Used In Space Capsule: Vol. 50, No. fl, November 1050, pp. 20D-210. .... . Crucible Titanium Review, Titanium In Chemical and Marino Application**: Vol. 7, No. 4, November 1050, i>. 2. Simons, S. C., Materials Selection and Design Problems In a Nickel-Cobalt Extraction Plant: Corrosion, vol. 15, No. 4, April 1050, pp. 65-09. TITANIUM TABLE 5.--Distribution of titanium-pigment shipm total Industry 1960-64 1 (average) Distribution by gross weight: Paints, varnishes, BnaJacquers............................ .. Paper...... ................................................................................. Floor coverings (llnoloum and fait base)................. Rubber.................................................. .............................. Coated fabrics and textiles (oilcloth, shade cloth, artificial leather, etc).................................................... Printing Ink.......................................................................... Othor................................................................... _______ Total.................................... ................................................ Distribution by titanium dioxide contont: Paints, varnl8bos, and lacquers.................................. Papor........ .............................................................................. Floor coverings (linoleum and felt base)................. Rubber.................................................................. .............. Coated fabrics and textiles (oilcloth, shado cloth. Artificial loother, etc)................................................ Printing Lnk.......................................................................... Other........................................................................................ Total.................................................................................... 70.0 7.8 4.0 3.0 3.0 1.1 31.6 100.0 1 01.8 31.3 6.4 3.9 2.0 3.6 13.4 mo 3 Titanium sponge metal scrap held by me decreased from 4,100 tons at the beginning the end of the year. TABLE 6.--Stocks of titanium concentrates in the U year, in short tons Ilmeolte Titan Gross weight Estimated TJOi content Gross wolght 1068 1 Mine........................ .......................... Distributors...................... .......... 1959 Mine............................ ...................... Distributors.............................. .. 35,938 236 768,370 794,844 33,661 114 679,627 713,202 16,022 140 388,696 406, 467 16,660 68 361,784 307,412 163,494 153,404 155,011 266,021 1 Revised flgures. PRICES Concentrates.--The price quoted for ilmen Mineral Markets remained unchanged in 195 ton (59.5 percent Ti02, f.o.b. Atlantic seaboar Rutile prices continued to decline. The p Ti02 f.o.b. Atlantic, seaboard) at the begin E&MJ Metal and Mineral Markets, was $95 t a nominal price of $85 por short ton was qu tho end of the year. I Zinc By H. J. Schroeder1 and Esther & Contents Page Legislation and government pro grams__________________________ 1184 Domestio production 1186 Mine production 1186 Smelter and refinery produc tion 1189 Byproduct sulfuric acid_____ 1195 Zinc dust 1195 Consumption and uses 1195 Consumption of slab zino by- geographical areas 1198 Consumpt Zino p Stocks 12 Prices_____ Foreign tra World revi Technolog HE DOMESTIC zinc industry in 1969 w Tconsumption and continuation of import to a reduction of producers' stocks by 1 moderate increase in slab-zinc production for the Government account were small. This strengthening of zinc's position was vance from 11.6 cents a pound. East St. Louis year to 12.5 cents at yearend. Production of registered a small gain despite lost output year because of labor strikes. A United Nations-sponsored conference o April and early May resulted in specific volu production by various countries. These re increase in world consumption brought suppl demand by yearend. Another result of the an International Lead-Zinc Study Group on 3 Commodity specialist. Statistical assistant. * Figures on Imports and exports complied by Mae B Division of Foreign Activities. Bureau of Mines, from rep Commerce, Bureau of the Census. 1184 MINERALS YEARBOOK, 1959 Fig u r e 1.--Trends In the zinc industry in the United States, 1920-59. Consump tion figures represent primary slab zinc plus zinc contained in pigments made directly from ore. LEGISLATION AND GOVERNMENT PROGRAMS A third United Nations conference on lead and zinc, with the aim of attaining greator stability in the industry, was held in New York in late April and early May. One result was specific voluntary com mitments by various countries to restrict output to bring supply and demand into better balance. The meeting also provided for creating a continuing body designated as the International Lead-Zinc Study Group. Membership consisted of 25 nations with substantial interests in production, consumption, or trade of lead or zinc. Import quotas on zinc metal and ore imposed by President Eisen hower, effective October 1, 1958, were in effect throughout 1959. The quotas were set at 80 percent of the U.S. average annual competitive import rate from 1953 through 1957--379,840 tons of zinc in ore and 141,120 tons of zinc in pigs, slabs, and certain other forms. On August 22 the U.S. Senate formally ordered the Tariff Com mission to conduct an investigation of the lead-zinc situation and report findings by March 31,1960, on the adequacy of existing import restrictions. The Tariff Commission announced on September 2 that public hearings would be held in Washington January 12-15, I960, t0mL0W terested parties the opportunity to express their views. The Office of Minerals Exploration (OME), authorized in 1958 ZINC TABLE 1.--Salient zinc sta . 1960-54 (averago) 1965 19 United States: Production: Value.............. thousands.. Slab 7.1 nc: From domestic ores short tons.. From foreign ores do-- 698, 293 $176,696 632,339 337,283 614, 671 $126, 009 582,913 380.591 64 $14 47 61 Total slab zinc..do-- From scrap (redistilled slab)short tons.. 8G9,622 68.325 963, 604 GO, 042 98 7 8ocondary zinc `...do____ Imports (gcnoral): Exports of slab zinc..............do-----Stocks: At producers' plants .. do-----At consumers' plants * do____ Consumption: Slab zinc............................do-----Ores (recoverable zinc con tent)..................... short tons.. Secondary (recoverable zlno content) ................... do____ 027,047 246,122 400,027 160.231 30,021 83. 866 70, 293 924,823 119,009 238,431 1,029.640 230,298 478,044 105.090 18,060 30, 204 123,644 1,119,812 118,136 231,133 1,06 20 62 24 0 1 1,00 1 2 Total consumption..do____ Prlco, Prime Western grade, East St. Louis cents a pound.. World: 8molter production............... do-- Price, Prime Western, London cents a pound.. 1,282,263 1,409,080 13.03 12.30 2,775,000 >3,200,000 2, 480,000 <2,930,000 14.83 11.30 1,32 3,42 >3,1 1 Includes production of zinc used directly In alloying operations * Excludes redistilled slab'tine. * Revised figure. * Excludes remelt tine. * Includes oro used directly in galvanizing. 1 Excludes redistilled slab and remelt zinc. as the successor to the Defense Minerals Ex continued to encourage exploration of stra and metals. Exploration assistance fqr z ment advance of 50 percent of the approve ects. During 1959, OME awarded five co for zinc or zinc and other metals for a to tion of $88,935. Also, five applications w and three were being considered at the end o Under authority of Public Law 480 (1954 Mobilization (ODM) authorization of Ma Agriculture, through its agent, the Comm (CCC), continued to trade perishable sur tor zinc and other commodities of foreign tracted for 29,041 tons of zinc metal (38,86 to the Government supplemental stockpile. The General Services Administration responsible for stockpile procurement an 1186 MINERALS YEARBOOK, 1969 ment under foreign-aid programs as agent of the International Coop eration Administration (ICA), and administration of Defense Pro duction Act (DPA) programs, including domestic purchase programs. Purchases of zinc produced from domestic ores were made against the maximum stockpile objective for this metal in mid-1959. These purchases are included in the 3,000 tons reported by the American Zinc Institute as being shipped by domestic producers. Foreign zinc received at GSA warehouses under barter agreements during the year totaled 27,787 tons (40,216 tons in 1958). Such zinc was placed in the supplemental stockpile and could not be removed except by act of Congress. TABLE 2.--DMEA contracts Involving lead and zlno executed In 1958, by State* State and contractor COLORADO Olear Greek Mining Go............... IDAHO Abofc Mining Co.............................. MONTANA Baltimore Syndicate Howard O, Banks........................... VIRGINIA Boland F. Bean, Ino.... . UTAH Olen Larsen....................................... Total......................................... Property County Date ap Total proved amount Oot. 1 184,500 June 23 43,660 July 27 June 23 22,030 18,000 June 19 12,000 June 19 43, 029 i Government participation was 60 peroent In exploration projects for lead and tlno In 1060. DOMESTIC PRODUCTION MINE PRODUCTION Mines in the United States produced 425,300 tons of recoverable zinc in 1959. This quantity was an increase of 3 percent over that of 1958 but was the second smallest annual zinc production since 1933. Continued reduction in output from the West Central States and increased output of States east of the Mississippi River were notable developments. Production in the first half of 1959 was 224,100 tons; the reduced output of 201,200 tons in the second half of the year was largely attributable to labor strikes. Idaho retained its leadership among the western zinc-mining States and was the second largest producer in the Nation. The Star mine of the Bunker Hill Co. was the largest zinc mine in the State. Other principal producers were the Page mine of American Smelting & Refining Co. and the Bunker Hill mine of the Bunker Hill Co. zin o TABLE 3.--Mine production of recoverable zln In ihort tons State 1060-64 (average) 1966 Western States and Alaska: 1 41,023 0, 960 46, 630 74,802 76,328 12,261 27, 807 6 22,68 0. 8 36.3 63.3 68, 5 2, 0 16, 2 Utah . ___________ Washington.......... .......... ................................ 32,431 21,938 338,390 West Central States: Oklahoma.......... .......... .............. ..................... 17 23,237 9, 708 40,338 79,390 States east of the Mississippi River: 19,311 1,683 62,051 43| 147 43, 6 29, 6 277,8 27,0 4,4 41,6 73,8 21,7 11,6 63,0 Wisconsin...................... .......... .......... .............. Total............................................... ................ 38,165 13,310 14,889 180,643 608,293 40,2 18, 3 18, 3 163, 2 614,6 The Iron King mine of Shattuck De largest producer in Arizona. Cyprus tions in January at the Old Dick mine producer. The San Xavier mine closed Colorado remained the third large Western States. Major producing mine New Jersey Zinc Co., the Idarado Min County, Emperius mme of Emperius M of Rico Mining Co. Mine output in Utah dropped 22 perc at the International Smelting & Ref during the latter part of the year. mine of United States Smelting, Refi to be the largest zinc producer in the Sta Mines in Montana produced 1C perce at The Anaconda Co. mines at Butte, b tinuing throughout the year, was t reduction. The two principal producing mines Oreille of Pend Oreille Mines and Met American Zinc, Lead & Smelting Co. P ation on a curtailed basis, produced 619 1188 MINERALS YEARBOOK, 1959 10,800 tons of zinc and 7,800 tons of lead in concentrates. Total operating costs per ton wero held to $3,116, compared with $3,037 *or despite an increase of $0,212 per ton for development ex penditures.4 The Federal Bureau of Mines released a publication 6 on mine production in Pend Oreille and Stevens Counties for the years 1902-56, Mine output in New Mexico dropped sharply. Tho United States Smelting, Refining, & Mining Co. Bayard-mine group remained closed throughout the year. Empire Zinc Division of The New Jersey Zinc Co. reopened its Hanover operation early in August after it had been closed since May 1958. By yearend, operations were normal. TABLE 4.--Mine production of recoverable zinc in the United States, by months, in short tons MoQtb January.. February March... April......... May..... June.......... July.......... 1958 30.020 34. 693 36. 002 40.232 36, 208 33.690 29,187 1959 Month 35, 830 36, 441 37,428 38,700 38,742 36,921 32,308 August____ September. October____ November.. December., Total. 1068 1960 29,856 30,604 32, 738 33,290 35, 785 412,005 31,728 30.025 31,608 36.025 39,538 425,303 Mines in the West Central States of Kansas, Oklahoma, and Mis souri produced only 2,200 tons of zinc, compared with 10,100 tons in 1958. All producing mines in the Tri-State district had ceased operatmg in 1958, and they remained closed throughout 1959. Production resulted from cleanup and mill-tailing operations. There was no recovery of zinc from southeastern Missouri lead ores. Mine output in Tennessee again set a new record, expanding 52 percent above 1958 to 89,900 tons, and firmly establishing the State as the largest zinc producer in the country. American Zinc Co. com pleted initial development at its Coy mine and began sloping opera tions in January. The Young mine increased its annual production rate to 2,500 tons by midyear and planned to attain a 4,000-ton annual rate. New Jersey Zinc Co. brought the Jefferson City mine to planned production, enabling the mill to operate at capacity. At the Flat Gap mine, initial production began in January. By yearend the production rate had increased, and stope preparation had advanced so that mine production was expected to reach mill capacity in I960." New York dropped from second to third largest zinc-producing State in the Nation. All production was from Balmat and Edwards mines of St. Joseph Lead Co. The company reported an increase in the workweek from 5 to 6 days in January. This continued until the entire operation was closed by a strike on July 1. Settlement was readied November 2, and work was resumed on the 6-day basis. In the Northern Illinois and Wisconsin districts, the Eagle-Picher Co. and Tri-State Zinc, Inc., mines operated throughout the year. 1 Ee?,d Oreille MlDea_4 Metals Co., Annual Report, 19S9, pn. 2-8, andS7lnpr?np^?nn,.1i;i and,K*"BHton, Gary B., fcllue Production of Gold, Copper, Lead int. cir"? 7872,1959 51 pp 8 eVe8 Coun,lee' Washington, 1902-06 : BurcaS of Mines New Jersey Zinc Co., Annual Report, 1909, pp. 7-8. ZINC American Zinc, Lead and Smelting Co. resume year at both its Vinegar Hill Division mines a Zinc output in Virginia increased 10 percen Co. reopened its Timberville mine in Febru closed for about a year. New Jersey Zinc Co ville mine throughout the year and reopened mine in September after a shutdown of 13 m Austinville concentrating mill was operating with ore from both mines. In Pennsylvania the. New Jersey Zinc Co. production rate at the Friedensville mine, bu anticipated. The mine-water problem remain sivo to control. Development of the lower min by yearend the main haulage incline was conn level and stoping was initiated on the 800-foo In the Southern Illinois and Kentucky dis a byproduct of fluorspar mining increased slig zinc content of the ore. The Sterling mine of New Jersey Zinc. Co was maintained on a standby basis; the co studies directed toward improved extractive m is leacjjng zinc-producing mines in the listed in table 6, yielded 82 percent of the to zinc. The four leading mines supplied 25 per contributed 45 percent. SMELTER AND REFINERY PRO The zinc smelting and refining industry o duction plants and 10 secondary plants pro pigments, zinc dust, and zinc alloys. Some m cafs, pigments, diecasting alloys, rolled zinc, a secondary zinc. Primary Smelters and Electrolytic Plants.-- plants processed zinc ore and concentrate, zin slag-fuming plants, other primary zinc-beari . half of all zinc-base scrap. ,, Production at primary zinc' plants totaled 8 of which 28,500 tons was redistilled. Besi plants also produced zinc oxide, zinc dust, and Primary-plant capacity for slab zinc at y be 1,166,800 tons. The five electrolytic plant 4,072 electrolytic cells in use at yearend and a (59 percent of their 479,500 tons of capacity) retort plants reported 35,364 of their 44,44 the year. The four remaining primary smelt distilling vertical-retort plants at Meadowbro Palmerton, Pa.; and Josephtown, Pa. The Jersey Zinc Co. externally gas-fired vertical ' New Jeraoy Zinc Co., Annual Report, 1959, p. 7. 1190 MINERALS YEARBOOK, 1959 TABLE 5.--Twenty-live leading ilnc-produclng mines' In the United States in 1859 In order of output Hank Mine# District State Operator Type of ore 1 Balmat.................. St. Lawrence County. New York____ St. Josoph Lead Co. Lead-tlnc. 2 Eagle...................... 3 Jefferson City... 4 Butte mines..... 6 United States & Lark. Red Cliff (Battle Mountain). Eastern Tonnessoe.. Summit Valley_____ West Mountain (Bingham). Colorado.. Tennesseo. Montana.. Utah........... The New Jersey 7!Inc Co. .........do............................. The Anaconda Co_. United States Smelting, Refin Do. Zinc. Do. Lead-tlnc. 6 Star......................... Coeur d' Alene........... Idaho ing 6t Mining Co. Tho Bunker Hill 7 Iron King.................... Big Bug..................... Co. Arizona............ Shattuck Donn Young........ Mining Corp. Eastom Tennessee.. Tennessee......... American Zinc Co. Do. Zinc. 9 FrledensviUe.............. Leblgb County.......... Pennsylvania. of Tennessee. The New Jersey Do. 10 11 Austlnvllle................. Mascot No. 2............. Austlnvllle................... Eastern Tennessee.. Zinc Co. Virginia_______ .........do............................. Tennessee..... American Zinc Co. Lead-tlnc. Zinc. 12 Flat Gap............ .. of Tennessee. -------do________________ .........do................. The New Jersey Do. ta Davla-Blble Group. -------do............................. .........do................. Zinc Co, United States Steel Corp., Tennessee 14 Treasury Tunnel* Block Bear Upper San Miguel. Smuggler Group. Coal it Iron Dlv, Colorado........... Idar&do Mining Co.. Copper-lead- tine. 16 Pend Oreille.............. Metallne................. .. Washington... Pend Oreille Mines Lead-ilno. 10 E. P. Sbullsburg... LJ^tpor Mississippi & Metals Co. Wisconsin......... The Eagle-Flcher Zinc. 17 Graham-Soy derSplUane-Feeban. --.do!!'..................... Co. Illinois............ ____ do....................... .. Lead-zinc. 18 Old Dick..................... Eureka.......................... Arltona.... 19 Edwards___________ 8t. Lawrence New York. County, 20 Gray............. ................ U^per Mississippi Illinois.. Cyprus Minos Corp. Coppor-tlno. 8t. Joseph Lead Co.. Zinc. Tri-State Zinc, Inc.. Lead-zinc. 21 United Park OUy.. Parker City Region. Utah................... United Park City Do. 22 Burra-Boyd. 23 Grandview. Polk County. Metallne. Tennessee____ Washington__ Mines Co. Tonnessee Copper Co. American Zinc, Lead it Smelting Copper-tluc. Lead-tlnc. 24 Bowera-Campbell.. Rockingham Virginia.. County. 26 Mahoning Group... Kentucky-Southern Illinois. Illinois. Co. Tri-State Zinc, Inc.. Zinc. Otark Mahoning Co. Fluorsparload-zlnc. i Exclude* old ela* dump of the Bunker HU1 Co., Kellogg, Idaho. Josephtown used electrothermic distillation retorts. Combined hori zontal and vertical-retort production of 517,000 tons was only 76 percent of the reported 1959 capacity of 687,300 tons. . Th primary smelters published in the Zinc chapter of the 1957 Minerals Yearbook was unchanged. Athletic Mining and omelting Co. at Fort Smith, Ark., shut down operations on De cember 31 reportedly because of an insufficient supply of zinc concentrate. Slag-Fuming Plants.--Many lead smelters recover a zinc fume prod uct containing 7.6 to 12.6 percent zinc from lead blast-furnace slags Five such plants in the United States treated 616,400 tons of hot lea.d. slag (including some crude ore at'the Tooele plant), which yielded 111,300 tons of oxide fume containing 73,300 tons or z*nC- Corresponding figures for 1958 were 790.700: 148,600; and 98,000 tons, respectively. zmo Secondary Zinc Smelters.--Zinc-base scrap (a mings and drosses, dio-cast alloys, old zinc clippings, and chemical residues) was smel smelters, although about a third usually smelters, and most sal ammoniac skimmings a plants. Secondary smelters depend on the dealers for their supply of scrap materials. Chicago, 111., was a new addition in 1959 to zinc smelters given in the Zinc chapter of the Primary and secondary smelting plants produced 57,800 tons of redistilled zinc, 4, 32,800 tons of zinc dust. The zinc content o 94,100 tons. . Additional details on 127,400 tons of zinc copper-base scrap (table 8) may be obtained of tne Copper chapter of this volume. TABLE 6.___Btockt and conwmption of now and old z In 1859, gron weight in ihor Glass of consumer and type of setup Stocks, beginning Receipts ofyear 1 N s Smelters and distillers* New clippings..---------- Old tine..............--......... Engravers' plates--------Skimmings and ashes.. Sal skimmings................. Dlo-cast skimmings.-- Galvanizers' dross...- Die castings----------------Rod and die scrap.... Flue dust....................... Chemical residues------ Total. Chemical plants, foundries and otbeT manufacturers; New clippings.................. --.................... Old tine......................................................... Engravers' plates........... .......................... Skimmings and ashes........... -r............ . Sal skimmings......... .......... ........................ Dlo-cast skimmings..................... ........... Galvanizers' dross...--.-......... ........... Die castings............................................... . Rod and die scrap......................... Flue dust................... .......... ..................... . Chemical residues.......... -..................... Total., Grand total; . Chemical residues........... J......................... Total. Figures partly revised. 279 624 618 7,186 801 3,386 6,502 5,698 2,633 123 440 27,968 I,798 4,237 3,630 20,205 446 II,024 66.366 34,972 3,064 6,199 8,196 149,036 1 20 1,236 12,069 4 104 1.016 14,433 6, 432 20,910 29 40 614 20,330 47,275 270 624 6)8 8,401 12,800 3,386 6, 61C 6,69? 2.631 221 1,466 42,401 4,237 3,630 26,637 21,356 11,024 65,396 34,972 3,104 6,713 28.626 196,810 1192 MINERALS YEARBOOK, 1959 TABLE 7.--Production of secondary zino and zinc-alloy products in the United States, gross weight In short tons ' Products 1950-64 (averoge) 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 Redistilled slab zino............................................. Zinc dust................................................................ Remelt spelter........................................................ Remelt ale-cast slab............................................. Zlno-dle and die-casting alloys........................ Galvanizing stocks................................................ Rolled zino................................................................ Secondary zino in chemlcft) products........... 68.325 27,548 4.468 8.091 4,200 2J0 3.160 35,283 i 66,042 30,118 5.019 12. 729 6,377 325 2, 915 28,917 > 72. 127 28,048 7,900 12,000 4,306 369 2,179 30,676 >72, 481 28.716 6, 404 10,328 6,440 240 185 33,361 46,605 26,512 5.230 12,680 6,082 249 10 32, 482 am 4,718 13.150 6,864 245 14 40,204 1 Includes redistilled slab made from remelt dlo-cost slab. 1 Includes sine dust produced from other than scrap. TABLE 8.--Zino recovered from scrap processed in the United States, by kind of scrap and form of recovery, in short tons Kind of scrap 1058 I960 Form of rcoovery 1058 1960 New scrap: Zlno-base.................................. Copper-base............................ Aluminum-base.................... Magnesium-base................... Total...................................... Old scrap: Zinc-base.................................. Onpper-base............................ Alumlnum-boso.................... Magneslum-b&so................... Total...................................... Grand total......................... 87,666 71,312 1,490 38 160,406 38.643 29,764 1,436 93 60,026 230,332 108,420 93,609 2,024 63 202,406 38.632 33,487 1, 734 95 73.848 276, 254 As metal: By distillation: Slab zinc1......................... Zinc dust *....................... By remelting--..................... 46, 160 26,010 6,282 Total......... ............................. 77, 442 In zinc-base alloys.......... ............. In bross and bronze..................... In aluminum-base alloys Id magnesium-base Alloys......... In chemical products: Zinc oxide (lead-free)........... Zinc sulfate........................ . Zinc chlorido.............. ............. Miscellaneous......................... 17,683 99,641 2, 941 143 16,016 < > 10.748 6,718 Total...................................... 162, 890 Grand total......................... 230,332 57,227 32,119 4,776 94.122 17.611 120,190 3,948 179 19,362 (') 13,626 7,217 182,132 276,254 1 Includes zino content of rodlstllled slab marie from remelt dio-cast slab. Includes tine content of dust made from other than scrap. ' Included under "Miscellaneous." SLAB ZINC Domestic smelter output of slab zinc increased 3 percent over 1958. ncluded in the 856,500 tons of slab zinc produced is molten zinc sed directly in alloying operations. Of the output, 798,700 tons was rimary metal and 57,800 redistilled secondary zinc. Primary pro'notion was 44 percent from domestic ores and 56 percent from reign ores; 35 percent was electrolytic and 65 percent distilled slab uc. Primary smelters produced 49 percent of the redistilled second ly slab zinc; the remainder was obtained from secondary smelters. Prime Western-grade zinc, which accounted for 42 percent of the tal (41 percent in 1958) was the principal grade produced. Special igh grade constituted 39 percent (36 percent in 1958), High grade percent (11 percent), Brass Special 9 percent (10 percent). Inter mediate 2 percent (2 percent), and Select a small fraction of 1 per cent in both 1958 and 1959. ZINO Number recovered each Item * Ci V a t * ill efei JX r a llo y Ingot 366 437 323 !! tf 0 II I Hi i! im*I i i: i ! ! is ! S 1 iiii ill !II8| i-s ! i ! : | Zinc c h lo rid e : i IN i 28 3,558 7.393 2,193 itii Isa II 1 if 1,467 i: !i ! : | sii ":i i i: :: :: jS*5j 145 1,376 1,000 R em elt die cast slab 1,652 1,066 466 3,230 i! 1! i is ; i ri : : :: :i i! ii ! 176 1.704 575 10,653 223 4.682 24.524 13,901 3,452 507825--60 Scrap Item s ii :::::::: iiiiim i1 1194 MINERALS YEARBOOK, 1089 TABLE 10.--Primary and redlitllled leoondary ilab ilno produced In the United States, in short tons Year Primary Prom domestlo ores From foreign ores Total Redistilled secondary Total (exotudes ilno reoovered by remelt* log) 1057................................................................................ 1058................................................................................ I960................................................................................ 882, 380 882,013 < 470,003 830,602 1 346,240 348.4a 337,283 i 380,891 I 613.617 446,104 438,006 460,223 860,622 063,804 083,610 085.706 ' 781,246 >708,666 88, 325 66,042 72,127 72, 481 46,608 67,818 027,947 1,020,646 1,066, 737 1,068,277 >827,861 >886,484 ' Inclodas s araall tonnage of slab tine further refined Into high-grade metal. Inoludea production of tine used directly In alloying operatloni. TABLE 11.--Distilled and electrolytlo zlno, primary and secondary, prodnoed In the United States, in short tons CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO METHOD OF REDUCTION Year lytlo pri mary RedlstlUed secondary Distilled At primary At second smelters ary smelt ers Total 10M ................................................ . 1056................................................................................ 1QA7 . 1058................................................................................ 10AO .. _ 342,277 389,891 410,417 409,483 326,440 280,813 627,345 673,613 673. 193 676,313 464,707 617,863 22,666 24,747 30.221 36,216 24; 207 28i 461 36,760 41,296 41,000 37,260 22,308 29,367 027.047 1.029.646 1,066,737 1,068,277 >827,861 >866,484 CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO GRADE Year Grade A Special High Grade (09.00% Zn) High Grade (Ordi nary) Grade B (Inter mediate) Grades C and D Brass Special Seleot Grade (Prime western) 1960-64 (average). 1086............................ 1066............................ 1967............................ 1988............................ I960............................ 286,404 378,216 386,766 384,042 298,442 331,312 172, 673 138,697 162,467 152.317 86,860 71,792 18,842 23,702 37,691 32,262 19,388 17,493 62, 088 60,200 06,291 84,201 81,841 76, 306 6, 867 . 300,283 3,004 404,829 2,400 400,132 1,160 434,216 1,300 340, 021 1,414 360, 168 1 Includes production of tine used directly In alloying operations. Total 027,047 1,020,646 1.065,737 1,068,277 > 827,861 >866,484 Pennsylvania again ranked first in production of slab zinc, Texas second, and Oklahoma third. The slab-zinc output of Pennsylvania, West Virginia, Oklahoma, and Arkansas was distilled; that of Mon tana and Idaho was electrolytic. Part of the Illinois and Texas slab output was distilled, and Dart was electrolytic. znra TABLE 12.--Primary slab zlno produced In the Uni smelted, in short tons Year Arkan Okla Pen sas Idaho Illinois Montana homa va 1980-84 (average).. 1086............................. 1056............................. 1957............................. 1058............................. 1059............................. 18,613 21,481 27,651 23,080 17,952 16,064 62,834 66,628 87,799 68,881 66,464 61,101 110,868 102,808 101,826 <107,204 >82,844 102,708 203,180 207,306 214, 756 198,036 148,021 86,620 161,274 160,061 166,173 167,688 122,138 162; 072 183 218 198 >247 167 <217 I Includes Missouri, 10JO-M, MW, MM. ' Inoludea Missouri. * Inoludea West Virginia. > Toxas only. i Inoludea produotlon ol tine used directly In Alloying operations. BYPRODUCT SULFURIC A Sulfuric acid was made from sulfur dioxide ing zinc sulfide concentrate at some primary zi ?lants elemental sulfur was burned to increas n 1959 acid production at zinc-roasting plan 803,600 short tons valued at $13.1 million, an 100,100 tons valued at $1.6 million. ZINC DUST Zinc dust included in data in tables 8, 9, commercial grades that comply with close spe age of unoxiaized metal, evenness of grading, a and does not include blue powder. The zinc c duced ranged from 95.0 to 99.8 percent and Total shipments of zinc dust were 33,000 tons, shipped abroad. Producers' stocks of zinc du end of the year. Most of the zinc dust was made from zinc sc dross, but some was recovered from refined meta TABLE IS.--Zlno duit1 produced In the U Year Short tons Value Total Average per pound Year 1060-84 (averago)... 27,648 1986............................... 30,118 1066............................... 28,048 39,366,013 9,216,108 9,368,032 30.170 .163 .167 1087......................... < All produced by distillation. Corrected figure. CONSUMPTION AND U Zinc consumed as refined metal in slab or p tons (868,300 tons in 1968); as ore and concen and salts and used directly m galvanizing, 108 1196 MINERALS YEARBOOK, 1969 as scrap to make alloys, zinc dust, pigments and salts, 214,300 tons (178,900). Totaled, these uses accounted for 1,278,500 tons of pri mal^ and secondary zinc, an increase of 12 percent over the 1,142,100 tons in 1958. The quantity of zinc consumed directly in making pig ments and salts is reported in table 21. Zinc consumed in scrap form and the manufactured products othor than remelt and redistilled are reported in tables 0,7, and 8. Slab-zinc consumption, as reported by 700 plants, increased 10 per-, cent and was only 15 percent below the record 1,119,800 tons used in 1955. Zinc-base alloys consumed the most--41 percent of the 956,200 tons used by all industries. Slab zinc used by the brass industry rose 28 percent over 1958 and was 13 percent of the total. Zinc used in galvanizing steel products decreased 5 percent to 361,000 tons and represented 38 percent of total use. The remaining 8 percent went into rolled products, zinc oxide, light-metal alloys, desilverizing lead, and miscellaneous uses. Rolling mills used 42,900 tons of slab zinc and remelted and rerolled 14,700 tons of metallic scrap produced in fabricating plants operated TABLE 14.--Consumption of slab zinc in the United States, by industries, in short tons 1 Industry and product 1050-54 (average) 1956 I960 1957 1958 1069.,. Qalvanlzing: > Sheet and strip.......................... Wire and wire ropo.................. Tubes and pipe......................... Fittings......................................... Other............................................... Total galvanizing................. Brass products: Sheet, strip, and plate........... Bod and wire............................. Tube............................................. . Castings and billets.................. Copper-base Ingots................... Other copper-base products . Total brass products............ Zinc-base alloy: Die castings................................ . Alloy dies and rod ................... Slush and sand castings.......... Total zlnc-baso alloy. ____ Boiled zlno........................................... Ziao oxide.............................................. Other uses: Wet batteries............................. Desilverizing lead...................... Light-metal alloys..................... Other4............................................ Total other uses...................... Total consumption 1........... 104,054 47,347 83,692 13.660 06,359 400,021 200, 403 48.171 98. 206 10,680 93,776 451, 141 203.713 42,937 86, 277 10, 652 *95,567. 168, 221 36,468 70,463 9,965 1 82,640 430,140 307,757 104, 190 35,638 67,318 8, 904 * 75, 173 381.220 176,691 36.603 69,880 10,219 179,085 301.037 71,074 43.602 10, 120 0,435 0,400 1,354 141.046 67,550 46, 830 16,303 7,618 8,062 020 HO, 243 56,207 39,413 13,066 6,337 7,107 1.184 124,004 62,873 33,711 1J.016 6.818 7,286 787 112, 390 46, 007 32, 508 9, 045 4.423 7,094 678 101,375 61,284 40.386 11.808 4.987 10,271e 707 129,271 274,133 7,869 2,160 284,188 57,190 18,608 417, 333 11,754 1,720 430, R07 61.689 22.433 340, 200 0,322 1.086 360.507 47,350 10,100 363,830 10,149 2, ot>o 370.039 41,200 20,428 306, 408 6, 400 2,022 310,830 40.610 13.331 383,8> a. 741,3 8.331 389,3)1] 42,9*3 is. mj 1,471 2,534 3.444 0,420 1,420 2, 076 3, 484 10.019 1,345 2,939 6,830 8. 500 13,876 17,590 18, 014 024,823 1, 119,812 1,008, 700 1,336 2.808 4,958 8.035 17, 737 935,620 846 2.521 3. 057 7.922 14,046 868,327 1.H45 ltNtj U.Mj > Excludes some small consumers. . 1 Includes zinc used In electrogalvnnUIng and olcctroplatlng, but excludes sherardlzlng Includes 27,760 tons used In Job galvanizing In 1656. 28,286 tons In 1657, 28,602 tons in 1958, and 31,5211 in 1669. * Includes zlno usod In molting zlno dust, bronze powder, alloys, chemicals, costings, and mlscel usos not elsewhero mentioned. Indudes 3,680 tons of remelt rlnoln 1064,2,097 tons In 1956,6,230 tons In 1960,0,806 tons In 1957.8.0711 In 1968, and {,209 tons la 1960. "* ZINC in connection with the: rolling mills. An ad purchased scrap (new clippings and old zinc) rolled. Output of rolled zinc increased 5 percent to of rolled zinc at the mills was 3,000 tons at the e with 2,200 tons on hand at the beginning of the ments of 21,500 tons of rolled zinc, the rolling m tons of rolled zinc in manufacturing 19,700 to and finished products. TABLE 15.--Rolled zinc produced and quantity available United States 1968 Short tons Valuo Total Aver age per pound Production: Bhcet zlno not over 0.1 Inch thick......... Bolter plate and sheets over 0.1 Inch thick............................................... ............ Strip and ribbon zlno 1............................... Foil, rod, and wire........................................ 12,388 419 24,606 1,496 Total rolled zinc......................................... Imports....................................................................... Exports............................................................ - -- 38.869 901 3.818 30,101 $7,308,801 174,769 9,749,601 703,332 17,996,403 286,271 2, 637,340 $0,206 .208 .198 .265 .231 .168 .345 .102 .129 'Figures represout net production. In addition 12,7G9 tons of strip an tons In 1959 were reroUed from scrap originating In fabricating plants op rolling mills. Of the commercial grades of slab zinc used, was 47 percent of the total, Prime Western 33 9 percent, Brass Special 9 percent, Intermediate Remelt together 1 percent. All grades of sla making brass products, and all except Select gra nizing. More than 98 percent of the slab zinc base alloys was Special High grade. TABLE 18.--Consumption of slab zino in the United State Industries, in short tons Industry Special High grade High grade Inter Brass mediate 8peclal QalvanUecs.................. rass mills > g le castors ................. Zlno rolling mills.... Oxide plants................ Other.............................. Total................. 14,606 29,222 381,833 16,063 1,048 4,636 446,796 9,626 60,868 223 8,340 1,206 86,163 3.165 837 70 8.166 464 12,731 64,423 8,611 11,170 ......... 73 84,277 2,087 2 2,089 ' > Includes brass mills, brass Ingot makers, and brass foundries. Includes producers of zlno-base die castings, zloo-alloy dies, and zinc-a 1198 MINERALS YEARBOOK, 1059 { CONSUMPTION OF SLAB ZINC BY GEOGRAPHIC AREAS Among 36 States consuming slab zinc for galvanizing, Ohio, Illi nois, Pennsylvania, and Indiana continued to lead, using 58 percent of the total. The iron and steel industry used zinc to galvanize steel sheets, wire, tube, pipe, cable, chain, bolts, railway-signal equipment^ building and pole-line hardware, and many other items. , Connecticut, with 32 percent of the total, again ranked first in u bq of slab in brassmaking. Of 22 States using zinc to make zinc-base alloys, Michigan ranked first, then Illinois ana Ohio. Slab zinc used by rolling mills to make sheet, strip, ribbon, foil* plate, rod and wire totaled 42,900 tons, compared with 40,600 tons used in 1958. The major American use was for dry-cell battery cases and similar extruded cases for radio condensers and tube shields. TABLE 17.--Conmmptlon of ilab zino In the United States In 1958, by Industries' and Statei, In ihort tone State Galva' niters Alabama..................................................................... Arizona.................................................................. Arkansas......... ........................................................... California............................................ ...................... Colorado.............. ................................................. Connecticut............................................................... Delaware.................................................................... District of Columbia............................................. Florida......................................................................... Georgia........................................................................ Hawaii........................................................................ Idaho............................................ ........................ IlUnoli......................................................................... Indiana.......... ............................................................. Iowa.............................................................................. Kansas......................................................................... Kentucky................................................................... Louisiana......................-......................................... Maine....................... ................................................... Maryland................................................................... Massachusetts......................... ................................ Michigan........... .................................................... Minnesota.................................................................. Mississippi............................................................. Missouri.................... ................................................. Nebraska.................................................................... New Hampshire...................................................... New Jersey................................................................ New York...... ............................................................ North Carolina........................................................ Ohio.............................................................................. Oklahoma........... ............. ....................................... Oregon......................................................................... Pennsylvania........................................................... Rhode Island...... ..................................................... South Carolina.......... ............................................. Tennessee................................................................... Texas............................................................................ Utah.............................................................................. Virginia........... ........................................................... Washington............................................................... West Virginia....................................................... Wlsoonsin................................................................... Total. 8 0) . 693 (0 30, 320 8. 636 4, 663 h(*) 8, 016 (4) 67, a <*) a 62,3 8 10,7 369, 066 Brass milla Die outers1 Otber * 8 40,630 to 16,748 20, 708 (<) 8 13.170 C) (*) 8,769 () (<> 7,802 0) (*) "to" 126,860 82, 660 23, 0C8 ((*0) 86,731 3,480 <> 8 211 () 80,486 (<) (*) 20,336 <*> "to" <*> 16,306 8 8 108 8 ' 8 ' 76,012 Total 27, ooi; IS f Includes brass mills, brass Ingotmakers and brass foundries. t Includes produoers of tlnc-base dleoasttnes, tlnc-alloy dies, and tlno-alloy rods, i Includes slab slno used In roUed*r inc products and lo sine oxide. * Figure withheld to avoid disclosing Individual company confidential data. Includes States not Individually shown; excludes remalt slno. ZINC Weather-stripping, roof flashing, photoengra hold electric fuses were other uses. States u products, in descending order of use, were Illi vania, New York, Iowa, Massachusetts, and Co Other slab zinc uses included slush castings izing lead, light-metal alloys, zinc dust, che zinc oxide, and part of the zinc used for c ZINC PIGMENTS AND SA Production and Shipments.--Production of ments and salts was enough for all require market. Outputs of lead-free and leaded zinc oxide respectively, above 1958. The value of pain cent, and consumption of natural and synth creased 20 percent. Output of zinc chloride a 20 percent over 1958. The values of public a increased 6 and 13 percent, respectively. Pigments and salts were made from various including ore, slab zinc, scrap, and residues. T salts produced directly from ore exceeded 9 oxide and zinc chloride produced from slab zi and zinc in pigments and salts derived from ceeded 41,300 tons. THOU3AH0 SHOUT TONI Prepared by Arnold M.i Laniche, commodity specialist a assistant. ' 1200 MINERALS YEARBOOK, 1959 TABLE 18.--Salient statistics of the zinc pigments1 industry of the United States 1950-54 (averago) 1955 1950 1957 1958 1959 Shipments; 147,933 43.978 Value of pigments........................ $63,357,000 168,541 32,661 $58,031,000 154,955 27,164 $55,245,000 151,267 24,203 $47,036,000 135,991 23, 288 $42,797,000 Value por ton received by pro ducers: 270 258 271 271 270 Loaded zino oxldo................. 281 259 282 249 Foreign trado: Value of exports.................... 540,000 1,723,000 685,180 771,021 770,1*6 840,883 1,043,029 985,325 2,263,805 789,995 Export balanco.................. 1,183,000 86,435 76,727 --58,304 -1,473,870 154,234 22,6J6 $47,521,000 209 207 3,301.089 704,700 -2,630,829 JEloludes llthopone; figure withhold to avoid disclosing Individual company confidential data. Lead-free zinc oxide was made by several processes: 65 percent from ores and residues by the American process, 24 percent from metal. by the French process, and 11 percent by "Other" processes from scrap residues and scrap materials. Leaded zinc oxide was made from ores, zinc chloride from slab zinc and secondary zinc materials, and zino j sulfate from ores and scrap zinc. f Three grades of leaded zinc oxide classified according to lead con-: tent were produced. There was no production of 5 percent or lesSj of leaded zinc oxide reported; the more-than-5-through 35-percent trade constituted the bulk of production; smaller quantities were prouced in the more-than-35-through 50-percent and over-50-percent1 grades. .. Both ordinary and high strength (titanated) hthopone were; manufactured. jj| TABLE 10.--Production and shipments of zino pigments and salts 1 In the United Statesi 1958 Pigment or salt Produc tion (short tons) Short tons Shipments Valuo * Produc tion (short tons) Total Average Shipments Short tons Value* Total A Zino oxide*........................... Leaded zinc oxide *........... Zino chloride, 50 B......... Zino sulfate........................... 132,564 22,844 03,693 34,613 135,991 23,288 05,701 33,737 $36,671,762 6,125,033 8, 754,543 4,927,162 $270 263 133 146 101.606 23, *50 76,196 41.353 154,234' $41,483,742 22,626 0,037,604 72, 8G4 7,335,175 40,670 6,322,882 i Excludos Uthopono; figure withhold to avoid disclosing Individual company confidential data. * Value at plant, cxclusivo of container. i zinc oxide containing 6 percent or more load is clossod os leaded zinc oxide. . ZINC TABLE 20.--Zino pigment# and salts1 shipped by man States, In short tons Year Le Zino oxide zino 1950-64 (average)............................................................................ 1956......................................................................................... 1968........................................................................................ 1959....................................................................................................... 147,933 168. 641 164,956 151. 267 135, 991 164.234 1 Excludes zino sulfide and llthopone, figures withheld to avoid disclo dential data. TABLE 21.---Zino content of zino pigments 1 and salts manufacturers, by souroes, In short 1958 Pigment or salt Zinc In pigments and salts produced from-- Ore Do For mestic eign Slab Second zino ary ma terial * Total zino in pig ments and salts Zinc In p Ore Do mestic) Zinc oxldo................... 60,096 Leaded zino oxide.. 9,164 Total plgmonts. 69,260 Zino sulfate........ C) 8,767 4,901 13,668 13,077 13,077 ( ) 24,049 105,989 14,065 24,040 120,064 11,700 11,700 () 11,869 71,120 4,820 76,946 <) 1 1 1 Excludes zinc sulfide and llthopone; figures withheld to avoid disclo dential data. * Theso figures are higher than those shown in the report on Secondary M include zino recovered from byproduct sludges, residues, etc., not classifie 1 Figure withheld to avoid disclosing Individual company confidential d Consumption.--Total lead-free zinc oxide shipme cent over 1958. Shipments of zinc oxide to the creased 17 percent, ceramics industry 15 per industry 24 percent and other industnes 23 per the coated fabrics and textiles industries declined TABLE 22,--Distribution of zino oxide shipments, by In Industry 1950-54 (avorage) 1955 1966 Rubber..................... ..................................... ............ Ceramics.................................................................... Coated fabrics aud toxtlles 1............................. Floor coverings________ ____ ______ __________ Other...........................................................;.............. Total................................................................ 75,344 33,427 9,723 6,974 2,636 19,829 147,933 86,677 33,932 10,617 11,263 2,281 23,771 168,641 80,469 32,486 10,160 8,447 1,436 21,968 164,966 1 Includes tho following tonnages for rayon: 1955--5,769; 1056--7,721:1057-- lor 1050 withhold to avoid disclosing Individual company confidential data 1202 MINERALS YEARBOOK, 1959 Paintmaking accounted for 02 percent of the leaded zinc oxide consumption. Rubber and other uses consumed the remainder. TABLE S3.--Distribution of leaded zino oxide ahlpmenti, by Industries, in short tons . Industry Paints......... Rubber...., Other............ Tote!. 1060-54 (aver* age) 1066 43,461 83; 178 76 } 483 461 43,078 82.601 1066 1067 26,836 23,004 330 . 200 27,164 24,203 1068 23.021 267 23,288 ISM .1 _4 7a. loSTT 2%6 Lithopone was used in paint, varnish and lacquer, floor covering, coated fabrics and textiles, rubber, printing inks, and chemicals. \ Statistics on end-use distribution of zinc chloride were not avail able. The principal uses were for soldering and tinning fluxes, battery making, galvanizing, vulcanizing fiber, preserving wood, refining oil, and fungicides. Rayon and agriculture were the chief consumers of zinc sulfate,' receiving 64 ana 13 percent, respectively, of the total shipments; the "Other" category (chemical, flotation reagents, glue manufacturing, medicinal, mineral, and rubber industries) received 23 percent. Zino. sulfate consumed by rayon manufacturers increased 32 percent, and' that for other uses 287 percent; agricultural uses declined 54 percent,', compared with 1958. TABLE 24.--Dlitrlbutlon of zlna mlfate ihlpments by industries, in short ton*' Year Rayon Agriculture Other Total Gross weight Dry basis Gross weight Dry basis Groes weight Dry basis Gross weight SSL-, 1050-64 (average).... 1066................................... 1056................................... 1057................................... 1058................................... 1050................................... 0,010 10,732 21.083 10,003 19,706 26,062 7,282 0,637 18,825 17,785 17,747 23,364 6,076 8,187 7,061 9,818 11,626 6,262 6,241 7,080 6,201 8,261 9,810 4,696 6,669 4,946 4,066 8,899 2,416 9,346 4,058 3,722 3,100 3,466 2,191 7,428 21,654 23,864 32,200 33,620 33,737 40,670 17,4U 30, Ml 32, ill 22,717 35,4" Prices.--American process lead-free zinc oxide was quoted at 145 cents a pound in carlots during 1959. The 5- to 35-percent leade* product made by this process was quoted in 15.125 cents a pound in carlots until October 12, when it was quoted at 15.375 cents, where, it remained through December 31. Green-seal and white-seal French*' process zinc oxides remained at 1G.25 and 16.75 cents a pound in carlots, respectively, throughout the year; red seal opened the yi at 15.25 cents and advanced 0.5 cent in May to 15.75, where it mained through December 31. Lithopone was at 9.125 cents a pounc in less than carlots throughout 1959. Zinc chloride (50-percent sola tion), zinc sulfate (in les3 than carlots), and zinc sulfide (in carlots) were quoted at 6.15,9.76, and 25.30 cents a pound, respectively, all year Foreign Trade.--Imports of zinc pigments and salts increased 46 per, ZINO cent in value and 45 percent in quantity ov imported totaled about 19,100 tons. Zinc ox of these imports. TABLB 20.--Value of zino pigments and salts Impo the United States (Buroau of the Census] Imports for consumption 1067 1068 1050 Zlnojplgments: 31,043,629 82,263,866 $3,801,080 104,930 01,273 72,280 8,124 9,307 8,762 Total....................................... 1,166,683 2,364,446 3,382,121 Zino salts: 104,408 74,710 3,770 02,046 60,171 127,406 168,817 179,208 166,903 206,222 1,836,801 3,620,438 3,678,348 1 Date not available. TABUS 36.--Zino pigments and salts Imported for cons (Bureau of the Census] Short tons Year Zino oxide Dry InolJ Llthopone Zino Zino sulfide chlorid 1050-64 (average).. 2,100 8 420 32 82 1065. . . 8,320 30 206 60 1056.............................. 1057.............................. 8,667 5,245 .................... 148 57 BIO 842 63 60 1058.............................. 11,720 69 206 64 1050............................... 16,510 73 236 76 * Less than 1 ton. f 1 Date known to be not comparable to other years. Exports of zinc oxide and lithopone togeth value. Zinc oxide was down 1 percent, and quantity exported. TABLE 27.--Zino pigment* exported from t (Bureau of the Census] Year Short tons Zino oxide Litho pone Total value Year 1060-64 (average)........ 1066................................... 1966................................... 6,137 2,640 2,748 9^ 361 1,802 1,387 $3,230,180 1.072, 681 1,08% 776 10A7................ IBM ................ 1204 MINERALS YEARBOOK, 1059 STOCKS National Stockpile.--Inventories in the National Stockpile at the end, of 1959 approximately equaled or exceeded the basic and maximum objectives. During 1959, 3,000 tons of domestically produced zino was reported by industry 8 to have been shipped to Government ac count. The total of such shipments reported by industry for 1945 through 1959 was 1,173,951 tons. GSA also acquired 27,787 tons of foreign zinc in 1959, under surplus agricultural-product barter con tracts authorized under the Agricultural Trade Development and Assistance Act of 1954 and amendments. The 322,094 tons acquired from 1956 through 1959 under this program was placed in the supple mental stockpile. Producers' Stocks.--Smelters' stocks of slab zinc began the year at 184,000 tons, rose to 206,000 tons by the end of March. They declined to 169,000 tons at the end of June, rose to 193,000 tons at the end of September, and then followed a downward trend to a yearend low of 156,500 tons. , TABLE 28.--Stooks of zino at zino-reduction plants in the United States at end of year, in short tons At seoondary distilling plants.......... ................ 1965 37,322 1,942 39.264 1950 04. 794 2,081 06,876 1957 1968 153,338 2,495 155,833 182, 111 > 1,909 > 184,020 1959 152,657 8,800 156,457 > Revised figure. Consumer Stocks.--Stocks of slab zinc at consumers' plants were 93,600 tons at the beginning of the year and declined during the next 4 months to the year's low of about 75,000 tons at the end of April. A general upward trend occurred for the remainder of the year, and stocks reached a high of 102,200 tons at yearend. An additional 7,000 tons of slab zinc was in transit to consumer plants. At the average, monthly rate of consumption, total consumer stocks plus metal in. transit represented about 6 weeks' supply. TABLE 29.--Consumers' stooks of slab zinc at plants at the beginning' and end of 1958, by industries, in short tons Golva* nizors Dec. 31, 1968.......... Deo. 31, 1969......... i 48,250 66,773 Brass mills Zinc die Zinc rolling castors 1 mills Oxide plants 12,220 13,412 * 20,783 25,201 5,019 4,930 178 303 Otbor * 1,163 1,300 Total ; 03,609 102,195, > Includes brass mills, brass Ingot makers, and foundries. * Includes producers of zinc-base die castings, zinc-alloy dies, and zinc-alloy rods. * Rovlsed flguros. t Stocks on Deo. 31,1968 and 1059, oxclude 747 tons and 606 tons, respectively, of remelt spelter. Kimberly, J. L.t A review of the Zinc Industry In tbe United States During 1959, An. Zinc Inst, New York 17, N.Y., 16 pp. ZINO PRICES The quoted price for Prime Western zinc at E cents per pound at the beginning of 1959. On decreased 0.5 cent to 11 cents, where it remaine when an increase of 1 cent raised the price to 12 the price was again raised 1 cent to 13 cents b 0.5 cent to 12.5 cents by other smelters. This d until November 2, when the price was establish it remained the balance of the year, averagin for the year. The average monthly zinc quotation on the Lo was 82.127 a long ton (equivalent to 10.27 cen at the exchange rate recorded by the Federal K price for January was 74.884 (9.36 cents a pou a low of 71.125 (8.96 cents per pound) in early M (12.17 cents per pound) in November; the p 95.190 (11.9 cents per pound) was the highest represented a considerable gain during the year. TABLE 30.--Price of zino concentrate 1955 Joplin 60-percont zino ooncentrate: * Price per short ton..................................................... ............ ..............dollars.. Average price common elno at-- St. Louis (spot)1cents per pound. New York 1........................... .. . _ do London *............................... Price Indexes (1947-40 avorage- 100):* Zinc (New York)_________ 77.50 12.30 101 Straits tin (New York).................................... ... Nonfen-ous metals......... ....................................... .. . AH commodities............................................................. 103 m143 1956 83.89 13. 4 13.9 12.1 111 10 199 110 114 1 Meta! Statistics, 1960. * EAMJ Metal and Mineral Markets English quotations converted I average rates of exchange recorded by Federal Reserve Board. 1 Based upon price indexes of U.S. Department of Labor. Prices of new and old scrap zinc varied with slab zinc. Sales of clean new zinc clippings, gravers' or lithographers' plates averaged 5 cents where they remained through August. In Sep vember and December the average price increase and 0.19 cents, respectively, to a 6.69 cents pe December; the price ranged from 4.75 to 7 cents 5.36 cents. Old zinc scrap ranged in price from pound, averaging 3.67 cents. 1206 MINERALS YEARBOOK, 1060 TABLE 31.--Average monthly quoted prices of 60-percent zinc concentrate at Joplin, and of oommon zino (prompt delivery or spot), St. Louis and London1 1068 1969 Month 60*percent line con centrates in tbe Jop lin region (dollars) per ton) Metallic tine (cents per pound) 8t. Louis London *1 60-percent line con centrates In the Jop lin region (dollars) per ton) Metalllo tine (cents per pound) St. Louis London1 January---- ------------ ------------- ... February...____.......... May.................................................... July..................................................... August............................................... September........................................ October.............................................. December......................................... Average for year...-------- 66.00 66.00 66.00 66.00 66.00 66.00 66.00 66.00 66.00 62.60 66.80 68.00 60.66 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.87 11.40 11.60 10.31 7.88 8.05 8.00 7.86 7.79 8.02 7.96 7.98 8.13 8.81 9.41 0.29 8.24 68.00 67.60 64.00 64.00 64.00 64.00 64.00 64.00 66. 66 72.30 76.00 76.00 60.36 11.60 11.42 11.00 11.00 11.00 11.00 11.00 11.00 11.38 12.26 12.60 12.60 11.46 9.36 9.21 9.47 9.18 9.78 9.88 10.11 10.88 10.78 11.42 11.37 11.90 10.37 i Joplin: Metal Statistics, I960, p. 692. St. Louis: Metal Statistics, i960, p. 669. London: E&MJ Metal and Mineral Markets. s Conversion of English quotations into American money based on average rates of exchange recorded by Federal Reserve Board. , ,, ,,, . * Average of dally mean of bid and asked quotations at morning session of Lpndon Metal Exchange. TABLE 32.--Average price received by producers of zinc, by grades, In cents a pound Grado 1966 1966 1967 1968 1969 Orade A: Grades O and D: 12.79 ' 12. 69 12.30 12.21 11.13 11. 74 12.29 12.30 14.26 ia98 14.06 13.71 13.41 13.13 1173 13.49 12.13 11.70 11.69 11.31 10.66 11.24 11. 64 11.40 10.46 10.13 10.81 10.38 10. 48 9.98 10.22 10.81 1L 71 ILO 1LU 1L99 iatt 1L1I 1L4T a i Metal Statistics, 1960, p. 669. FOREIGN TRADE Imports.--Import quotas imposed October 1, 1958, by Presidential; Proclamation 3257, dated September 22, 1958, were in effect through*,; out 1959. The quotas limited annual competitive imports of unmanu-f factured zinc (not including zinc in fume) to 379,840 tons in oree and concentrates and 141,120 tons as metal. The quotas established were 80 percent of the average dutiable imports into the United States during 1953-67. Specific quotas were assigned to major im porting countries and an "all other" quota was established to covet the needs of the remaining small importers. Imports for consumption (imports for immediate consumption plua withdrawals for consumption from bonded warehouses) given in tab] 35 give a close approximation of dutiable imports of unmanufactur zinc entering the United States and reflect the effect of the quo ZENO Comparison of competitive imports in 1959 1957 (the last full year before establishing q of 36 percent for zinc ores and concentrates metal. Zinc fume was excluded from quota imports increased from 36,000 tons in 1958 tons in 1959.10 General imports (imports for immediate c into bonded warehouses) presented in table 3 tries of unmanufactured zinc into the United imports increased 8 percent to 499,500 tons fo and decreased 20 percent to 157,000 tons for zin Exports.--Exports of slab zinc increased fr 1958 to 11,600 tons in 1959. Significant increa ?orted for the United Kingdom, Sweden, ndia, Chile, Mexico, and Oceania.* TABLE 33.--Zlno Imported Into the United States, In by oonntrles, In short tons (Bureau of the Coosus) Country 1950-64 (average) 1966 196 Ores (tine content): North America: Canada......... ............................................. Total 129,267 36 6,803 401 168,903 11 803,921 South America: Chile . Other South America_________ ____ TnUl .. 1,231 12,046 1,241 63.600 279 68,897 Europe: Germany, West................................... Spain............................... ........................... 1,748 9,479 4,697 Total....................................................... Asia: Total..................................................... Africa: Total..................................................... 15,824 863 481 1,849 6,781 601 6,382 4,164 400,027 173,167 3,704 8,363 1.433 186,461 373,108 1,833 4,858 83,916 142 9a 748 3,043 3,043 466 406 6,060 6,060 6,630 478,044 177, 1, 11, 2, 193, 884, 7, 88, 106, 1, 1,9 8 13,4 13,4 17,7 625,3 See footnote* at end of table. * U.S. Tariff Commission Report to tbe Congrese on Inve March I960, table 18. 1208 MINERALS YEARBOOK, 196 9 TABLE 33.--Zinc imported into the United States, in ores, blocks, pigs, or slabs, by countries, in short tons--Continued ' [Bureau of tlio Census] Country 1950-54 (average) 1955 1950 1967 1958 1959 Blocks, pigs, or slabs; North America: Canada.. Mexico.. Total...:.............. South America; Peru. Europe: Austria............................. Belgtum-Luxcmbourg.. Germany *................. ........ Italy..................................... Netherlands...................... Norway.............................. United Kingdom............ Yugoslavia........................ Other Europe................... Total. Asia; Japan............ Other Asia.. Total. 95,371 17,809 113,240 3,599 113,402 19,480 132,882 9,707 110,875 17,153 134,028 6,590 : 103,904 ..23, 530 127,500 22,947 03.476 23,256 116,731 9,736 8.034 5,254 7,200 2,407 3,194 1,379 1.035 160 28,003 17,748 0.042 0,190 1,079 504 79 32,242 2,296 32,353 15,265 13,486 5,905 611 500 no 70,000 1,020 34,163 8 772 10,010 2, 604 1,791 10,009 60,109 110 21,707 20,,10G730 2, 520 2,769 672 5, 781 42,398 0) 44 4,883 2, 887 2,039 Belgian Congo....................................... Rhodesia and Nyasalond, Federa tion of.................................................... Other Africa......................-................... Total................. Oceania; Australia.. Grand total: Blocks, pigs, or slabs..................................... -........... 2,950 213 110 3, 279 1,400 150,231 15,228 280 1,264 16,772 4,033 196,696 17, 782 21,500 7,281 244,978 33,007 . 3,074 30, 081 9,623 20,901 1,064 22,065 2,240 88,414 9,538 . 97.783 12,357 220 ' 7,66560 " 7,439. ,168' 841 3,641 20.053 ; 12,790 4,667 17,457 9,866 156,96) . i Data include line Imported for immediate consumption plus material entering country under bond. Revised figure. Less than 1 too. Includes 62 tons Imported from French Pacific Islands. West Germany, 1952-59. Northern Rhodesia. ZINC TABLE 34.--Zinc Imported for consumption in the U thousand dollars [Bureau of the Consua] Year Ore (zinc content) Blocks, pigs, slabs Short tons Value Bhort tons Value Sh to 1050-54 (average)____ 381,704 1055.................................. 384,648 1956.................................. 462,379 1957.r.............................. 679,416 1958.................................. < 637,699 1969................................... 436,000 351,437 36,811 49,231 88,616 >61,121 38,568 148,844 195,069 244,720 268,824 186,093 104,462 338,017 40, 452 06,034 >64,129 <35,611 33,906 Year Dross and skimmings Short tons Value 1050-54 (average) 1966.......................... 1956.......................... 1967.......................... 1958.......................... 1959.......................... 2,789 108 417 363 737 955 3221 3 01 67 77 110 1 Excludes Imports for manufacture in bond and export, which are cla by Bureau of tbo Census. * Data known to bo not comparable with otbor yoars. < Rovisod figure. 4 In addition manufactures of zluo were Importod as follows: * 1950-5 1956--3287,361; 1957--3264,348; 1958--3389,803; 1969-3821,916. TABLE 35.--Zino Imported for consumption in the U pigs, or slabs, by countries, in sho [Bureau of the Census] Country 1960-54 (average) 1955 10 Ores (Zinc content): North Araorico: Cnnndo....................................................... Cuba........................................................... Guatemala................................................ Honduras.................................................. Mexico....................................................... Other North America......................... Total....................................................... South Amorica: Bolivia........................................................ Chile........................................................... Peru............................................................. Other South America.......................... Total....................................................... Eurono: Italy........................................,,................... Spain........................................................... Other Europe.......................................... Total....................................................... 132,502 148 6,021 268 164,129 13 292,071 882 10,147 1,130 48,417 281 60.857 (>) 2, 639 9,072 4,477 16,988 162,307 428 8,137 78 165,647 316,697 170 4,686 57,454 83 62,303 3,043 3,043 146 1 13 187 347 5 91 97 See footnotes at end of table. 667820--6< -77 1210 MINERALS YEARBOOK, 1959 TABLE 35.--Zlno Imported for consumption in the United States, in ores, blocks, pigs, or slabs, by countries, In short tons--Continued (Bureau of the Census] Country 1060-61 (average) 1056 1056 1067 1058 1959 Ores (Zlno content)--Contlnuod Asia: 868 416 1,314 AfrlcA: 6,005 689 7,104 3,280 381,704 Blocks, pigs, or slabs: North America: 95,380 10,528 Total....................................................... 111,908 3,696 Europe: 8,034 5,254 7,140 2, 407 3,194 1,379 1,035 160 28, 612 Asia: 44 c) 44 Africa: Rhodesia and Nyasaland, Federa- 2,950 213 110 3,279 1,406 Qrand total: Blocks, pigs, or 148,814 466 465 7 2,143 384,648 113,402 18,730 132,132 9, 767 17, 748 0,612 6,303 1,079 504 79 32,355 16,228 280 1,264 16, 772 4,033 105,059 816 942 02 9 211 816 061 303 407 407 14,095 462,379 ' 10,751 * 27,100 ( ) 524 19,751 27,714 , 5,710 6,100 679,416 537, 699 116,876 16,929 133,804 6,690 103,064 23,600 127,664 22,047 93.327 22,804 116,131 9, 736 2,290 32,353 15,267 13.486 6,965 611 600 110 70,578 1,020 34,1G3 i 8,772 10.010 2,504 : 1,791 i10,672 .68,832 56 17,069 2,036 6,816 730 2,601 112 6,009 34,327 4,883 2,887 l, 708 4,883 2.887 1,708 17, 782 3,808 33,007 3.974 20,991 560 21,690 7,281 36,081 9,623 21,551 2,240 244. 726 268, 824 185, 603 39 39 4.06J 1.376 6,338 24,869 436,009 88,414 0,718 08,183 13,837 805 11,648 663 7,178 1,706 839 1,868 3i8M 26,669 866 866 13,790 4,840 398 17,928 9,141 164,463 i Excludes Imports (or manufacture In bond and export, classified as "Imports for consumption" by Bureau of tbe Census. Revised figure. . Less than 1 ton. Includes 62 tons Importod from French Paclflo Islands. West Germany, 1052-69. Northern Rhodesia. ZINC TABLE 36.--Slab and sheet zino exported from the U In short tons (Bureau o( tbe Census] Destination Slabs, pigs and blocks 1966 1967 1968 196 North Amerlco: Canada................................................... Cuba......................................................... Mexico.................................... ................ Other North Amorica...................... 8 86 839 21 13 6 31 31 613 846 1,2 68 46 Total..................................................... 964 616 >928 1,4 South America: Argentina................................ .............. 6 Chile....................................................... Other South America....................... 96 7 66 3 8 Total.................................................... -- 163 121 58 7 Europe: Denmark................................................ 1,428 1,064 330 1,6 44 476 United Kingdom....... ............--.... Other Europe...................... ............ Total.................................................... 6,040 26 7,204 6,604 (> 8,380 2,4 672 4.0 672 8,6 Asia: India....................................................... Japan........................................................ Korea, Republic of............................ Other Asia................................. Total....................................... Africa: 1 433 0 442 ' 4 912 73 1,609 . .. 1 406 411 ' 67 4 Oceania............................................................ Grand total............................ 8,813 4 10,785 2,073 28 ll, 62 i Due to changes in classification by Bureau of tho Census data kn earlior years. * Rovisod figure. * Less than 1 ton. 1212 MINERALS YEARBOOK, 1959 TABLE 37.--Zlno ore and manufactures of zinc exported from the United States, in thousand dollars (Bureau of tho Census] Year Zinc oro, concentrates (zinc content) Slabs, pigs, or blocks Sheets, plates, strips, or other forms, n.e.s. Zinc scrap and dross (zlno content) Zinc dust Short Valuo 8hort Valuo Short Value Short Valuo Short Value tons tons tons tons tons 1960-64 (average) 1955 `............................. 1056 >............................. 1957 I............................. 1058 '............................. 1959............................. 2, 111 854 7 1 $543 1G2 (*> () 30,021 18.009 8,813 10,785 4 2,073 11,620 $10,817 4,175 2,466 2, 653 4 704 2, 673 4, 850 3,057 4,444 4.050 4 3,818 <3, 620 $2,893 2.193 3,031 2.050 2,637 ' 2,708 5,897 21,612 14,921 6.409 6,344 11,334 $804 2,250 1,640 822 301 1,053 (*) 445 372 695 619 621 O $163 136 196 170 162 EfToctlvo Jon. 1, 1052, zinc and zinc-alloy somifabrlcatod forms, n.o.c., were oxportod os follows: 1053-- $101,740 (quantity not avalloblo); 1053--280 tons ($151,400); 1054--M3 tons ($257,310); 1055--051 tons ($295,685); 1950--682 tons ($301,230); 1957--485 tons ($240,527); 1058-1,168 tons ($542,000): $069--1,071 tons ($612,388). 1 Not Includod In 1050-64 averages; 1050--506 tons ($186,557); 1961--723 tons ($400,056); 1062 Included with "scrap"; 1053--502 tons ($181,056); 1964-609 tons ($160,750). Less than $1,000. < Revised figure. i Due to ohangos In classification by tho Buroau of the Census, data not strictly comparahlo to oarilor years. Tariff.--The duty on slab zinc remained at 0.7 cent a pound, that on zinc contained in ore and concentrate at 0.6 cent a pound, and that on zinc scrap at 0.75 cent a pound throughout 1950. The duties on zinc articles under the Tariff Act of 1930 were unchanged, remaining as shown on page 1290, Volume I, 1953 Minerals Yearbook. WORLD REVIEW NORTH AMERICA Canada.--Consolidated Mining & Smelting Co. continued to lead Canadian zinc production. According to the annual company report, the Sullivan silver-lead-zinc mine at Kimberly, British Columbia, produced 2,440,000 tons of crude ore. Iiock excavation was nearly' completed on the 500-foot extension to the main shaft to open two new, levels for production. The Bluebell lead-zinc mine at Riondel, Brit ish Columbia, produced 251,400 tons of ore. Shaft sinking to lower levels was in progress, but some difficulty was encountered from water. < The H. B. zinc-lead mine near Salmo, British Columbia, produced 463,500 tons of ore. An exploration program consisting of a 900-footadit and 1,200 feet of drifting in the main ore zone was conducted at:> the Duncan lead-zinc property in the Lardeau area of British Co-?, lumbia. Production of slab zinc at the company electrolytic plant at; Trail, British Columbia, was 194,499 tons, 76 percent of total Canai' dian output. Approximately 78 percent was produced from concen trates of company-owned mines, 11 percent from retreatment of stockpiles of zinc-plant residues and lead-blast furnace slag, and 1X; percent from purchased ores and concentrates. ZINC TABLE 38.--World mine production of zlno (oontent short tons 1 (Coinpllod by AugustQ W. Jana and Doronlco B. Country * 1950-54 (aver age) 1965 1966 360,879 United States *..................................... 6, 640 400 238,336 608,293 433, 357 1,134 10,400 1,433 296,061 614,071 422,633 1.638 0,050 12,000 2,288 274,351 642,340 Total.................................................... 1.203.448 1,267,966 1,201,300 South America: Bolivia (exports)................................. Chile......................................................... Peru.......................................................... Total..................................................... Europo: Bulgaria*................................................ Finland.................................................... France...................................................... Germany: East *................................................ West................................................. Irelaud..................................................... Italy.......................................................... Norway.................................................... Poland *........... x.................................. Spain......................................................... Swodon.................................................... U.8.8.U.* *.............................................. Yugoslavia.'........................................... 17,319 28,004 1,909 136,137 183,029 4,480 22,900 4,306 14,100 6,300 91,347 0,941 1,453 116,049 6,011 137,600 87,150 47,925 207,000 1.811 53,455 23,200 23, 500 3,200 183,074 233,043 5.787 35,200 23,300 12,100 7, 700 101,558 13,500 2,709 132,057 7,411 139,000 101,800 64,810 260,000 3,167 65,834 20, 350 18,818 2,969 193,037 241.174 '' 6,808 39,400 43,000 13,870 7,700 101,898 22,300 1,798 137,531 7,007 138,000 96,100 72,797 310,000 1,663 63,426 Total * *................................................ Asia: Burma...................................................... China*..................................................... India......... ............................................... Iron *......................................................... Japan........................................................ Korea: North *............................................. Thailand................................................. Turkey .................................................. 815,000 ' 2,623 11,000 1,929 7,700 90,399 -- r985,000 1,071,000 9,100 31,000 2,900 6,300 119,787 8,100 39,000 4,200 6,200 136,585 10,500 u 080 1,270 2,403 39,000 3,200 770 56,000 440 1,060 2,400 1,090 Total * *................................................ 134,600 213,000 263,000 Africa: Algorla..................................................... Belgian Congo...................................... Morocco: Soutbom tone................. Rhodesia and Nyasaland, Foder- atlon of: Northern Rhodesia.................... South-West Africa4........ .................. Tunisia.................................................... 10,791 104,179 28,416 26,807 17,082 4,166 36,982 74,700 57,686 36,703 129,651 692 46,649 38,070 18,612 6,311 38,134 23,728 6,200 Total............................................... 198,224 222,118 270, 667 Oceania: Australia...................................... 240.978 287,362 311,462 World total (estimate)*................ 2, 776,000 3,200,000 3.420,000 I Data derived In part from Yearbook of American Bureau of Metal St Yearbook, and Statistical Summary of Mineral Industry (Overseas Oeo * In addition to countries listed, Czechoslovakia and Rumania also p are not available; estimates for these countries are Included in totals. * This table Incorporates some revisions. Data do not add exactly to whore ostlmatcd figures are Included in detail. 4 Recoverable. * Estimate. * U.S. imports, 11ncludos zinc content of ralxod ores, except 1959 figure, wblcb represe * 8molter production. * Year ended March 21 of year alter that statod. 111 year only, as 1054 was first year of commercial production. II A SOPflirn Tap- lORI.KA 1214 MINERALS YEARBOOK, 1950 TABLE 39.--World imelter production of zlno by countries,1 in short tons" [Oompllod by Augusta W. Jann and Uoroidco D. Mltc'ioll] Country 1050-64 (average) 1055 1950 1957 1958 1950 North America: Canada................... Mexloo *................. United States-- 229,804 69,645 869,622 256,542 01,878 903,504 255.504 62,130 983,610 247,310 02,353 986,790 252,093 03,329 781,246 266,342 61,362 798,066 Total.................... 1,159,101 1,281,924 1,301,310 1,205,405 1,096,608 1,115,370 South America; Argentina............. Peru................. .. 11,191 6,971 14,881 18,801 10,200 10,419 10,150 32,483 17, 400 32,034 917,600 29.696 Total.................... IB,102 33,692 26,619 48,633 40, 434 47,196 Europe: Austria................... Belgium *..._____ Bulgaria......... Franoe..................... Germany. West.. Italy......................... Netherlands.......... Norway.................. Poland.............. .. Spain....................... U.8.S.R.*............... United Kingdom. Yugoslavia............ Total ............................................... Asia: China (refined) ........................... .. Japan...... ................................................ Total *................................................ . Africa: Belgian Congo..................................... Rhodesia and Nyosalond, Fed. of: Northern Rhodosla............ 214,167 92,152 100,180 68,676 20,346 46,623 137,600 24,331 207,000 81,246 16,034 1,009,000 11,000 78,676 89,600 21,930 26,897 1,403 233,625 1.497 123,624 197,020 75,201 31,347 60.176 172,200 20,291 260,000 91,108 16.176 1,284,000 29,000 124,075 163,000 37,443 31,248 7,932 264,280 6,435 124,106 204,064 79,817 31,980 63,762 109.000 25.381 310.000 91,247 21,890 1,380,000 38,000 160,109 188,000 46,390 32, 390 10,291 259,765 8,282 143,905 202,648 82,107 33,085 53,299 176,013 24,138 330,000 80,111 32.473 1,447,000 41,000 162,162 193,000 64,227 33,040 11,698 230,730 9,000 165,190 146,816 78,050 20,286 50,180 179,252 27,239 300,000 83,537 34, 445 1.418,000 45,000 155,401 200,000 58,905 33,880 12,606 247,260 9,900 1621260 162,046 83,499 35,445 63,216 186,263 26,369 420,000 81,722 36,220 1,610,000 66.000 176.642 242,000 60,418 33,483 Total.................................................... Oceania; Australia................................... . World Total (estlmato)____ 48,833 90,188 2,480,000 68,691 113,220 % 030,000 78,786 117,692 3,100,000 87,267 123,580 3,100,000 92,785 128, 647 2,900,000 93,901 130,4M 3, 140,000 1 In addition to countrlos listed Czechoslovakia and Rumania also produco zinc, but production data are not available; estimates are Includod In total. 1 derived In part from Yearbook of Americaa Bureau of Metal Statistics, United Nations Monthly London)011" Yearbook, and Statistical Summary of Mineral Industry (Overseas Geol. Surveys, 1 This table Incorporates some revisions. Data do not odd exactly to totals shown bocause of rounding whore estimated figures aro included in detail. 4 In addition other lino-bearing materials totaling 30,288 tons In 1953; 18,545 In 1954; 37,442 In 1955; 39,554 in 1956; 30,604 In 1957; 19,572 In 1958; and 314 In 1969. 1 Estimate. * Includes production from reclaimed scrap. ' Average for 1953-54. The annual report of the Pend Oreille Mines & Metals Co. showed that the Reeves McDonald Mines, Ltd., produced 421,000 tons of ore at its Remac, British Columbia mine, yielding 32,376 tons of con* centrates containing 14,267 tons of zinc and 4,408 tons of lead plus values in silver ana cadmium. Shaft sinking was completed to an elevation of 1,045 feet above sea level. Other development work was accomplished to assure future production. Sheep Creek Mines, Ltd., Windermere, British Columbia, reported zin c production for the year ending May 31, 19 ore grading 2.36 percent lead and 5.45 perc Hudson Bay Mining & Smelting Co. op Manitoba-Saskatchewan boundary and retu Canada's second largest producer of zinc. T tons of ore, an increase of 1,500 tons over 1 percent from the Flin Flon mine, 7.4 perce mine, and 5.9 percent from the Schist Lake development work at its Coronation mine, Flin Flon, at the Stall Lake mine, 4 miles and at Chisel Lake, 5 miles southwest of production at the company electrolytic zinc p toba) was 62,582 tons--25 percent of the to The Manitouwadge (Ontario) mine of W the third largest zinc producer in Canada for the year indicated mill feed to be 375,0 trates containing 32,600 tons of zinc, 2,750 siderable quantities of lead, silver, and gold.1* Geco Mines, Ltd., at Manitouwadge, mill with a calculated grade of 2.10 percent copp 1.30 ounces per ton of silver. The ore yie concentrates assaying 54.7 percent zinc. E ment continued, and major improvements ventilation system. Sherbrooke Metallurgical Co., a subsidiary Zinc Co., was erecting a zinc roasting and su Maitland, Ontario. The two roasters (wi tons of concentrate) were expected to be op 1960. A long-term contract was made for and the roasted zinc concentrate was to b company's two plants in the United States, smelters in the United States and Europe.14 In Quebec, Quemont Mining Corp., Ltd. ore containing 2.04 percent zinc plus values i Production was 32,071 tons of zinc concent cent zinc. During the year, the shaft was providing four additional levels at 150-foot producers of zinc concentrate included Wa which treated 311,000 tons of ore containin 4.36 percent copper, and produced 16,630 assaying 51.3 percent zinc; and Normetal M milled 376,400 tons of a copper-zinc-gold-silv tons of zinc concentrate assaying 52 percent zi The Mattagami area of northwestern Qu center of intense exploration by numerous over a dozen drills were active along the ma General structural and stratigraphic control established as a guide to further exploration 11 Mining Magazine (London), vol. 101, No. 4, October 10 19 Hudson Bay Mining & Smelting Co., Annual Report, 10 " Northern Miner, vol 40, No. 48, Jan. 14, 1000. p. 1. M Precambrlno Mining In Canada, vol. 82, No. 11, Nov 18 Northern Miner, vol. 05, No. 48, Feb. 18, i960, p. 1. 1216 MINERALS YEARBOOK, 1959 In New Brunswick, Heath Steele Mines, Ltd. (subsidiary of Amer* ican Metal Climax, Inc.) remained on a standby basis.1* 1 In Newfoundland, Buchans Mining Co., Ltd., operated its lead; zinc-copper property near Red Indian Lake throughout the year. Production, as of June 1, was curtailed to 90 percent of the 1968 rate, conforming with the announcement made Dy the company at the United Nations-sponsored meeting on lead and zinc. The new concrete-lined McLean shaft was deepened 1,321 feet to reach 3,444; feet. Diamond drilling extended the R-4 ore body 740 feet to a depth of 3,265 feet. Shaft sinking was to be suspended at 3,621' feet, pending additional work to determine the extent of the ore body.17 _ In the Yukon Territory, United Keno Hill Mines, Ltd., operated its Mayo district silver-lead-zinc mine. Production for the year con sisted of 16,074 tons of lead concentrate and 13,767 tons of zinc con centrate containing 8,859 tons of zinc plus values of silver, lead, and cadmium. Ore reserves at yearend were estimated to be 550,000 tons assaying 38.21 ounces of silver per ton, with 6.60 percent lead and 4.89 percent zinc.1' Greenland.--The lead-zinc mine at Mcstersvig probably would be depleted in about 3 years, because the reserve in the mine and sur rounding area was not increased despite vigorous prospecting.18 Mexico.--The Mexican Government previously nad decided to pro ceed with construction of a Government-owned zinc refining plant to be organized under the corporate name of Zincamex S.A. to process zinc concentrates of producers not handled by private smelters. The process to be used had not been decided upon nor had the plant location been selected. American Smelting & Refining Co. continued operating its exten sive zinc-producing units in Mexico but at a somewhat reduced rate. American Metal Climax, Inc., through its Mexican subsidiary, Cia.' Minera de Penoles, S.A. mined 242,000 tons of ore. This was a 30- percent reduction from 1958, partly reflecting the announcement of the company at the United Nations meeting of its intent to reduce production voluntarily. The 3V*2-mile haulage tunnel at the Avalos mine, begun in 1957, was nearly complete at the end of 1959 and was expected to be in operation by April 1960. ' San Francisco Mines of Mexico, Ltd., at the San Francisco and Clarines mines, Chihuahua, during the year ended September 30, 1959, milled 823,000 tons of crude ore yielding 55,000 tons of 65.68 percent lead concentrate, 94,000 tons of 57.50 percent zinc concentrate, and 8,300 tons of 27.67 percent copper concentrate. 1 Fresnillo Co. continued to operate its lead-zinc mines at Fresnillo in Zacatecas and at Naica in Chihuahua. In the year ending June 30. 1959, the company milled 581,600 tons of ore at the Fresnillo mill and 353,900 tons of ore at the Naica mill, yielding respectively 36,247 and 30,977 tons of 51.8 and 52.4 percent zinc concentrate. _1 El Potosi Mining Co. (subsidiary of Howe Sound Co.) operated ita: * * American Metnl Climax, Inc., Annual Report 1059, p. 22. 17 American Smelting ft Refining Co., 61st Annunl Report, 1050, p. 18. Mining Magazine (London), vol. 102, No. 2, February 1000, p. J07. * Mining World Annual Review, Apr. 25, 1900, p. 139. zin o El Potosi mine in the Santa Eulalia distri ment disclosed several ore bodies of averag Minas de Iquala, S.A., subsidiary of The ated its zinc-lead-copper mine and mill nea SOUTH AMERICA Argentina.--Compania Minera Aguilar, Joseph Lead Co., operated its lead-zinc-si of Jujuy. The mill treated a record tonnag 67,500 tons of zinc concentrate, compared The zinc concentrate was roasted at the Borghi. The sinter was reduced to slab zin smelter owned by Cia. Metalurgica Austr duction of slab zinc by Austral smelter w power shortages and dropped from 9,800 t in 1959.20 Production at National Lead Co. operatio to be 15,100 tons of concentrate containing 9, Bolivia.--The Pulacayo and Animas mines ing Bolivian zinc producers. Total reporte from 15,700 tons in 1958 to 3.700 tons in 1959. Peru.--Production of slab zinc at La O Pasco Corp. was 29,595 tons, smelted entire duced at company-owned mines.21 Compa tura, S.A., experienced its most profitable 6 years before. Minas de Yenturosa, S.A. Its mine and contrating mill were shut dow future of the company was uncertain. The Minerales Santander, Inc., initially placed in 1958, produced 21,865 tons of zinc concentra cant zinc producers in Peru were Volcan Atacocha, Cfa. des Mines de Huaron, and N EUROPE Austria.--The lead-zinc mines of Austria crude zinc ore. Concentrates from this or trates, were treated at the Bleiberger Berg plant at Gailitz, yielding Austria's product zinc. Bulgaria.--A large increase in flotation-pl to provide for rapid expansion in the new the Rhodope mountains near the Greek bord completed in two stages--the first to provide tons, and the second an additional 2,000 tons. tent of the ore was expected to be over 2. percent lead.22 Finland.---The principal zinc producer was produced zinc concentrate containing 60,60 * St. Joseph Lead Co., Annual Report, 1959, p. 11. u Ccrro de Pneco Corp., Annual Report, 1059, p. 10. u Mining Journal (London), yol. 254, No. 6503, Apr. 8, 1 1218 MINERALS YEARBOOK, I960 values in copper and lead from 453,000 tons of ore. A new copper- lead-zinc mine at Pyhasalmi in central Finland began shipping ore in late November. Completion of the mine was scheduled for 1902, when mining was expected to be at an annual rate of 335,000 tons containing 18,000 tons of zinc. The ore reserve was calculated to be adequate for 25 years at this rate. Italy.--The Salafossa mine, near Belluno, reported increased pro duction. Approximately 1.5 million tons of about 1-percent lead and 5- to 6-percent zinc ore had been developed. Mining was to be by room-and-pillar method, using systematic roof bolting.*** Portugal.--An old established Spanish company, Companhia Real Asturiana de Minas, installed a factory for zinc rolling in the north of Portugal at Matosinhos. This was the first plant of its kind in Portugal.*4 Spain.--Plans were announced for two electrolytic zinc plants to be built in Spain. Sociedad Austruiana del Zinc, a new firm, which was 40-percent owned by Real Compania Austuriana, was to build a plant at Aviles to produce 20,000 tons a year. Minera Celdran, S. A., min ing and exporting zinc ores from Cartagena province, planned pro duction in 1959 from a new 12,000-ton-a-year plant.25 Sweden.--Boliden Mining Co. announced that it had a 63-million- ton reserve of lead-zinc-copper sulfide ore. In the Skelleften district, the Boliden, Langsele, Renstrom, Kristiveberg, Ravliden, Adak-Lind- skold, Brannmyran, Rudtjebacken Ostra Hogkulla, and Langdal mines contained 26.4 million tons. The Loisvall, Lovstrand, and Vassbo mines contained 31 million tons, and the central Swedish group of Garpenberg, Kalvbacken, Svnrdsjo, Saxberget, and Ljusnarsberg mines, contained about 5.6 million tons.28 ' U.S.S.R.--Russia's output of zinc, estimated at 130,000 tons in 1950, was reported to have doubled by 1955 and to have reached 300,000 to 350,000 tons by 1958. In addition, about 100,000 tons a year had been imported. As fast as production increased, it was reported that consumption probably would increase at a faster rate and Russia might well become a bigger importer of zinc.27 United Kingdom.--The British Government announced that all slab zinc remaining in its stockpile was to be sold during the next 4 years, considering prevailing conditions and any relevant reports of the International Lead and Zinc Study Group. The stockpile contained 53,000 tons consisting of about 35,000 tons of Regular High grade,1 12,750 tons of Special High grade, and 5,250 tons of Good Ordinary;, Brand (Prime Western) zinc.28 ' Production of lead and zinc declined. Operation at Greenside mineL at Glenridding near Lake Ullswater in the Lake district, ceased, toward the end of the year, as the ore reserves had been exhausted.*; Yugoslavia.--A lead-zinc ore body of about 2 million tons, contain^ ing 5 percent lead and 4 percent zinc, was developed at Zute Prime, m Mining World Annual Review, Apr. 25, 1000, p. 121. ( u Foreign Trade (Ottawah vol. 113, No. 2, Jan. 16, 1060, p. 21. Engineering ana Mining Journal, vol. 160, No. 4, April 1959, p. 138. . M Mining World, vol. 21, No. 8, July 1959. np. 83-84. r Address at American Zinc Institute, Annual Meeting Apr. 23, 1950, by R. Lewis Stubbs, Director, Zinc Development Association (London). Mining Record, vol. 71, No. 10, Mar. 10, 1900, p. 3. Mining World Annual Review, Apr. 25, i960, p. 125. zin c Kopaonik mountain, An ore body at Blagvd lead and 7 percent zinc was proved. The Zletovo mines in Macedonia were stea zinc concentrate production. Further east, at tain, over 1 million tons of 5-percent lead an been found. The smelter at Celje, Slovenia^ produced 18 tons in 1958) and the electrolytic zinc plant tons (13,592 tons in 1958). The Celje smelt solid plant and a second sulfuric acid plant. being enlarged bv 50.percent. At Mojkovac, Montenegro, a large zinc depo The building of a zinc electrolytic plant in discussed.80 ASIA Burma>--The Burma Corp., Ltd., continued lead-zinc-silver mine in the Shan States of nor tion was 21,300 tons of zinc concentrate. E to Belgium, 10,800 tons to United Kingdom United States. India.--Output of lead-zinc ores, all from creased 38 percent to 178,500 tons. Milling of zinc concentrate, which was shipped to Ja Government approved in principle the propo of India to build a zinc smelter with an ini 16,500 tons of zinc. : The project was based mines and visualized an increased output to Iran.--All lead-zinc concentrate produced U.S.S.R. In the latter half of May, trade ne Tehran, resulting in purchase contracts fo agreed upon were about 12 to 15 percent bel which, according to Iranian mine owners, operations very difficult. Japan.--The production of 178,000 tons of p of 168,000 tons from domestic ore, 16,000 to and 4,000 tons from other sources, represents a and a record high. Monthly capacity of zinc 1959 was 15,300 tons, an increase of 8 percent o increase was attributed mainly to expansion o There was a noticeable increase in output from zinc mines. The Kanniolsa mine of Mitsui M Ltd., with a daily milling capacity of 4,000 ton more than 30 percent of tne total output. In northern Honshu the Dowa Mining Co. 1 mile south of the old Koska mine. Ore was below the surface. Two types of ore, one with a barite gangue, had been developed. mixed copper-lead-zinc 6ulfide with gold an ore contained copper. Work cited In footnote 20. Ministry of International Trade and Industry, Japane 47--48. 1220 MINERALS YEARBOOK, 1959 A reserve of more than 4 million tons had been indicated, anti exploration continued. The company started a 2-year development plan entailing shaft sinking and lateral development, construction C* a 22,000-ton-per-month mill, and enlargement of the smelter.** 76 AFRICA Algeria.--Society Alg6rienne du Zinc*3 reported its mine across I border from Bou Beker, Morocco, produced 112,000 tons of ore con taining 25.47* percent zinc and 8.68 percent lead during the y ending September 30, 1959. The decrease in tonnage from 169, for the previous year was attributed to strikes and difficulties associa with foreign exchange, because the Moroccan and French francs w devalued on different dates. Ore was treated in Morocco at the : of Societe Nord-Africaine du Plomb. The company's ore reser was enough for 3 years of full-scale production. Diamond drilli completea during 1959 indicated zones of mineralization, to1 explored further in 1960. Belgian Congo.--The Prince Leopold copper-zinc mine of the Uni! Miniere du Haut Katanga at Kipushi, near Elisabethville, was *-1 only zinc producer in the Congo. According to the company's amr report 1,021,000 tons of ore milled at the concentrator produced 180,7 tons of zinc concentrate, containing 60.32 percent zinc. A subsid' of the company roasted 146,000 tons of concentrate, producing sulf acid for ore treatment and 122,000 tons of sintered concent' During the year 95,500 tons of roasted concentrate was sold to Met? (Societe Metallurgique du Katanga) for electrolytic processing,'. 78,600tons of raw and sintered concentrate was shipped to Belgi A study was being made of ways to recover the zinc contained in' slag of the spoil heap at the Lubumbashi copper plant. *' Morocco.--Production of zinc concentrate in Morocco increased 96.000 tone in 1958 to 113,000 tons containing about 65,000 tons zinc in 1959. _ Rhodesia and Nyasaland, Federation of.--At Broken Hill, the . desia Broken Hill Development Co., Ltd.34 mined 207,100 short of crude ore (164,300 in 1958). The leach plant treated 108,800 i of material containing 37.9 percent zinc. The heavy-medium sen" tion plant treated 149,300 tons of feed to recover 117,400 tons of r product that was part of the 175,300 tons of feed to the sulfide fl tion plant producing 50,700 tons of zinc concentrate, assaying-1* percent zinc. Leach solution and calcined concentrate were proc* in the company-electrolytic plant to yield 33,400 tons of slab During the year, more zinc concentrate was produced than coul roasted. The surplus was stockpiled, pending completion of the" Imperial vertical furnace-type smelter. South-West Africa.--The Tsumeb Corp., Ltd., mined and 625.000 tons of ore averaging 23.7 percent combined copper, leadj zinc during the year ending June 30, 1959. The company sold' ** Mining 'World Annual Review, Apr. 25, IfiOO, p. 120. '* '* Newmont Mining Corp., Annual Report, 1050, p. 14. . ^- The Rhodesia Broken Hill Development Co., Ltd., 00th Annual Report, 1050, 1 ZLNO concentrate containing 21,009 tons of zinc duri assured ore reserve above the 30th level as 8.165.000 tons with an average zinc content o diamond drilling below the 30th level had ad tons of ore with a zinc content of 1.9 percent.8* Tunisia.--Production of zinc concentrate, al mine-mill unit, totaled about 6,600 short tons of zinc. . United Arab Republic (Egypt Region).--In acc gyptian agreement, press reports indicated re mining, extraction, and additional exploration at Um Gheig near the Red Sea coast. Also u construction of a zinc plant in Suez with an an ity of 5,000 tons. .V OCEANIA Australia.--The Broken Hill district of Now the leading Australian zinc-producing area. M ating were New Broken Hill Consolidated, L Broken Hill South, Ltd.; and North Broken output in the Broken Hill district was 2,130,0 ore yielding zinc concentrate containing abou in addition to lead concentrate and silver. During the fiscal year ending June 30, 1959, milled 1,030,000 short tons of silver-lead-zinc o in the Cloncurry district of Queensland. The of zinc concentrate, containing 16,154 tons of z lead bullion (containing 5,023;218 ounces of s and development resulted in substantially incre the year, the Commonwealth Government of Au it would lend the State of Queensland funds Townsville-Mount Isa Railway. The railway make possible further expansion of the Mount Is Lake George Mines, Pty.. Ltd., during the fisc 1959, milled 236,000 tons of ore to produce 36,8 trate, containing 20,800 tons of zinc as well as pyrites, and gold from ores mined in the Cap New South Wales.*3 Development below the 2 duced awaiting results of the drilling progra level. ' For the fiscal year ended June 30,1959, the m Zinc Co. of Australasia, Ltd. (in the Read-Ro 222.000 short tons of ore yielding 84,000 tons o concentrates. The zinc concentrates from this d Hill district were treated at the company Ris to produce 128,000 tons of slab zinc.** Const extensions and improvements was continued dur m American Metnl Climax, Inc., 1059 Annual Report, p. 20. . "American Smelting A Refining Co., Annual Report, 1059, p * Lake George Mining Corp., Ltd., Annual Report, 1050, 16 "BZ Industrie^ Ltd., Annual Report, 1050, p. 7. j 1222 MINERALS YEARBOOK, 1959 TECHNOLOGY The American Zinc Institute and Lead Industries Association re ported that their cooperative research program was successful in those portions devoted to the plating of zinc diecastings and zinc litho graphic plates and that progress was achieved m other research projects. Several papers reported research by the Federal Bureau of Mines 50 and Geological Survey.40 Zinc was extracted41 from zinc sulfide concentrate by an oxidation process in a sulfuric acid solution. In the process, the agitated acid mixture contained in an autoclave at 110 C. was reacted with oxygen under 20 p.s.i. pressure. About 99 percent of the zinc in the zinc sulfide wus converted to zinc sulfate with finely divided free sulfur as a byproduct. A series of zinc alloys42 (U.S. Patent 2,472,402) containing tita nium and copper was said to be superior to other zinc alloys in strip and sheet form in low creep rate, low coefficient of linear expansion, and resistance to grain growth during annealing. Patents issued included a solderable zinc-tin alloy;43 a cyanide-type plating bath for depositing a zinc-tin alloy;44 a process for making a buffered zinc oxide;45 a method of gasplating objects with zinc metal;45 zinc-base alloys characterized by a high wear resistance pro vided by inclusion of iron-titanium-aluminum particles or iron-zir conium-aluminum particles;47 a process for producing pigment-grade zinc ferrite;48 and the use of zinc to remove certain fission product metals from a solution of uranium in liquid bismuth.40 "GroBh, W. A., and Evans, T. A.. Jr., Zinc-Ore Mining and Milling Methods, Plquette Mining and Milling Co., Tennyson, wise.: Bureau of Mines Inf. Clrc. 7877, 11)50, 10 pp. Chester, J. W., Application of Electrical-Resistivity Surveys to Explorations for Zinc- Lead Deposits, Raclnc-Spurgeon Area, Newton County, Mo.: Bureau of Mlne9 Rept. of Investigations 5503, 1959, 5Tpp. ,,. , ^ HUd, John H., and Rose, C. K., Exploration of Lead-Zinc Deposits In the Ro b s Basin- Lake Como Area, San Juan County, Colo.; Bureau of Mlucs Rept. of Investigations 5518, 1959, 54 Dp. 40 Harrison, J. B., Welle, J. D.. Geology and Ore Deposits of the Chicago Creek Area, Clonr Creek County, Colo.: Geol. 'Survey, Prof. Paper 320, 1050, 02 pp. Heyl, A. V., Jr., Agnew. A. F., Lyons, ID. J., Ilohre, C. H., Jr., and Flint, A. ID., The Geology of the Upper Mississippi Volley Zinc-Lead District: Geol. Survey, Prof. Paper 309, 1959 (I960), 810 pp. u Forward, F. A., Veltman, H., Direct Leaching Zlnc-Sulfldc Concentrates by Sherrltt Gordon: Jour, of Metals, Vol. 11, No. 12, December 1959, pn. 836--840. American Metal Mnrket, New Jersey Zinc Reports Extensive Tests on New TJ-Cu Rolled Alloys: Vol. 00. No. 166, Aug. 25,1959, p. 7. 41 Saubestre, Edward B. (assigned to Sylvantn Electric Products Inc.) Solderable Zinc Alloy Coating: U.S. Patent 2,884,360, Apr. 28, 1059. 44 Saubestre, Edward B., and Arnant, Arnold D. (assigned to Sylvanla Electric Prod ucts Inc.) Electroplating of Zlnc-TIn Alloys: U.S. Patent 2,989,724. Aug. 4, 1950. "Co d d , John B.t and Humphrey, William Earl (assigned to Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, N.J.) Process for Preparing Zinc Oxide; U.S. Patent 2,898,191, Aug. 4. 1959. * Drummond, Folsom E. (assigned to The Commonwealth Engineering Co., Dayton, Ohio) Zinc Gas Plating: U.S. Patent 2,898,227, Aug. 4, 1050. 4T Holswarth, James C., and Thomson, Robert F. (assigned-to General Motors Corp., Detroit, Mich.j Highly Wear-ReBlstant zinc Base Alloy: U.S. Tatent 2,800,304, Aug. 11, 1959; Highly Wear-Resistant ZId c Base Alloy and Method of Mnking Same; U.S. Patent 2,912,324, Nov. 10, 1059. 41 Downs, Charles Donald, and Martin, John (assigned to Columbian Carbon Co., New York, N.T.) Method for Producing Zinc Ferrite Pigment: U.S. Patent 2,004,305, Sept. 15. 1059. 49 Dwyer, Orrlngton H., Howe, Herbert E., and Avrutlk, Edward R. (assigned to U.S.A. as represented by the Chairman of the Atomic Energy Commission). Removal of Certain Fission Product Metals From Liquid Bismuth Compositions: U.S. Patent 2,914.399. Nov. 24, 1959. ZINC A silver-zinc primary battery 50 was devel The battery had a power output of 31 wattpound battery could be prepared to meet spe 3 seconds. In the dry condition, it was claim life and when activated, a useful life of 8 ho "Journal of the Electrochemical Society, Silver-Zinc M November 1059, p. 205c.