Document zb3Y47DgzxKnoGV92EOGy6v6n

A!C Pipe & Health Bulletin S2volume number date 1 3 JANUARY 10, 1980 CertainTeedH FROM: Roman P. Korobij JECT: A/C PIPE AND DRINKING WATER AUDIO/VISUAL PACKAGE The above A/V Package, of which you are all familiar, is totally self-contained except for a verbal introduction by the "presentor." To provide a bit of guidance to the "presentor" attached is a script which has proven to be effective. The "presentor" is of course under no obligation to use this exact script. In some cases, the "presentor" may even decide to forego an introduction, let the A/V Package stand on its own merits, and then simply answer any questions the viewers may have. CTD032359 ASBESTOS AND HEALTH AUDIO/VISUAL PRESENTATION SAMPLE PRE-PRESENTATION SCRIPT - 3 MINUTES Economy, efficiency, long trouble free life -- There isn't another pipe product on the market that can surpass the fifty year record of performance of Asbestos-Cement pipe. It does the job'. The bitumen coating on ductile pipe -- plastic pipe - galvanized pipe - asbestos-cement pipe -- (long pause) polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons -- vinyl chloride monomers -- the heavy metals -- asbestos -- all are known or suspected substances that may be health hazards -- depending on dosage levels. Ladies and gentlemen, there we have it. Just about all the pipe materials known and used to convey potable water contain substances considered possible health hazards. It is not my intent to cause concern or scare anyone present. The same charge can be made about your attending this meeting, walking from your car to this building. We all know the sun's rays contain many radiation bands that are definite health hazards, provided the dosage level is high enough. Then again, in today's world of why walk when you can ride, the risk of being hit by an automobile as you walk from your car to this meeting is not zero. The presentation you are going to see today will be covering just such matters. Dose - response - risk putting matters into proper prospective. Now if you take all the substances you touch, smell, swallow all the substances that are suspected or proven health hazards list them on these walls in alphabetical order - it's a very long list and what do you find almost at the top of the list? A-Asbestos. I'm not claiming that because asbestos starts with A that it's received more attention than all these other substances, but I do say that asbestos has been subjected to more scrutiny - more in-depth study - than 90% of the other substances on this list. I say the in-depth study of asbestos is good! We know more about it. At the same time it's bad if we choose to misconstrue or reach unfounded conclusions. The inhalation of asbestos fibers, rather high dosage levels in job related circumstances, causes a lung disease called asbestosis. The disease is similiar to silicosis found in quarry workers, black lung found in coal miners, brown lung, now receiving more attention, among textile workers. In addition, starting in the early '60's asbestos fiber inhalation was first linked with cancer. CTD032360 ASBESTOS AND HEALTH AUDIO/VISUAL PRESENTATION SAMPLE PRE-PRESENTATION SCRIPT - 3 MINUTES If inhaling asbestos fibers can be linked to cancer, can ingesting asbestos fibers in drinking water be linked to cancer? When I said few substances have been scrutinized or studied more than asbestos, a major portion of these studies has been conducted to answer this question. Results to date?? There is no evidence that a recognized health hazard exists'. But let this audio/visual presentation produced by the A/C Pipe Producers Association give you the facts. I think you will find it very interesting. Following the presentation, which last about 25 minutes, I'll be glad to try to answer any questions you may have. CTD032361 "A/C PIPE AND HEALTH" SLIDE - KEYED SCRIPT CTD032362 A/C Pipe an<t Health" (1), (Slides OJ, 02, A01, 02, A02, AOS, 04 -change during music-.) THE WORLD HAS NEVER BEEN ... AND NEVER OS WILL BE FREE FROM RISK. IT IS INESCAPABLE. OS IT IS LIFE ITSELF ... AND SINCE THE DAWN 07 OF TIME . . . MSN HAS ACCEPTED RISK AS A 08 NORMAL PART OF HIS DAILY ACTIVITY. THE PERCEPTION OF RISK VARIES . . . FROM vsi* ' '' 'fJ SITUATION TO SITUATION . . . FROM INDIVIDUAL TD INDIVIDUAL. WHAT ONE PERSOflA04. ____ CONSIDERS "SAFE" . . . ANOTHER MAY PSflCStrr AS DOWNRIGHT FOOLISH . . . ILLUSTRATINGX THAT PERCEPTION OF RISK IS SUBJECTIVE . . . EMOTIONAL . . . AND MAY HAVE LITTLE BASIS IN FACT. ALL RISKS HAVE ONE THING IN COMMON . . . THEY CAN BE MEASURED. THERE IS A NAME 09 FOR THIS MEASUREMENT . . . "PROBABILITY". SOMETHING IS JUDGED "SAFE" IF ITS PROpBILITY OF RISK IS "ACCEPTABLE". HOWEVER, "SAFE" AOS DOES NOT MEAN "FREE FROM RISK". A SEEMINGLY "SAFE" SIX MINUTE CANOE RIDE, FOR EXAMPLE, CARRIES THE SAME RISK OF DEATH AS A FIVE- HUNDRED MILE PER HOUR COMMUTER FLIGHT FROM WASHINGTON TCT NEW YORK CITY \ . . TRAVELING BY AUTOMOBILE ... THE RISK INCREASES 11 FIVE-FOLD. CTD032363 NOTHING IS "ABSOLUTELY" FREE FROM RISK . . SO NOTHING CAN BE "ABSOLUTELY" SAFE. BUT LIKE ELECTRICITY AND YOUR AUTOMOBILE, THERE ARE NON-HARMFUL WAYS TO USE POTENTIALLY HARMFUL THINGS . . .IT'S SIMPLY A MATTER OF PROBABILITIES/05 FEW RISKS ARE AS WELL-PUBLICIZED AND FRIGHTENING, AS THE RISK OF CANCER. WHILE THE FEAR OF CANCER MAY ALTER OUJF PERCEPTION OF RISK ... IT CANNOT . . . DOES NOT . . . ALTER THE PROBABILITY OF RISK.22 CANCER ... AN UNRESTRAINED GROWTH OF CELLS . . . IS NOT A SINGLE DISEASE . . . BUT MANY DISEASES CAUSED BY AGENTS A07 CALLED "CARCINOGENS". ASBESTOS IS A CARCINOGEN ... IT IS NOT ALONE. OVER 300 CHEMICALS . . . MANY KNOWN OR POTENTIAL CARCINOGENS //. HAVE BEEN IDENTIFIED IN DRINKING WATER ALONE . . . 14 A FACT WHICH HAS PROMPTED A CLOSE EXAMINATION OF ALL COMMON PIPE MATERIALS SINCE MOST CONTAIN POTENTIALLY TOXIC A09 MATERIALS. CTD032364 THE CRITICAL QUESTION WITH ANY TOXIC MATERIAL IS . . .AT WHAT EXPOSURE LEVEL IS IT HAZARDOUS? MEDICAL SCIENCE DETERMINES THIS BY A'PRINCIPLE KNOWN AS 15 "DOSE-RESPONSE". THE PRINCIPLE IS RATHER STRAIGHT-FORWARD. FOR EVERY "DOSE" . . . THERE IS A PROPORTIONATE BIOLOGICAL "RESPONSE". NOW LET'S ADD ANOTHER WRINKLE . . . THERE IS A DOSE SMALL ENOUGH WHICH WILL RESULT IN NO MEASURABLE 16 RESPONSE. THIS LEVEL IS CAtLED A "THRESHOLD". THRESHOLD EFFECTS ARE COMMON. WE HAVE THRESHOLDS FOR HEARING, PAIN, A10 HEAT . . . EVEN MARTINIS. WHETHER OR NOT, WE HAVE A THEORETICAL OR PRACTICAL THRESHOLD FOR CARCINOGENS IS A VERY CONTROVERSIAL QUESTION. THE ANSWER IS AS PHILOSOPHICAL AS IT IS SCIENTIFIC. All LIKE THE PERCEPTION OF RISK . . . OPPOSING MEDICAL OPINION SIMPLY REFLECTS DIFFERENT VALUE JUDGMENTS ON WHAT CONSTITUTES AN ACCEPTABLE RISK MEASURED BY REAL WORLD A1Z DOSES ... AND PROBABILITIES. CTD032365 EVERYTHING KNOWN ABOUT ASBESTOS INDICATES IT OBSERVES THE RULES OF "DOSE-RESPONSE" . .THEREFORE, A "PRACTICAL" THRESHOLD ... OR "SAFE" LEVEL OF EXPOSURE. . . MUST EXIST. IF IT DID MOT ... IT WOULD BE DIFFICULT 17 TO RECONCILE THE PREVALENCE OF ASBESTOS IN THE ENVIRONMENT WITH THE ABSENCE OF A13 RELATED DISEASE IN THE GENERAL POPULATION. ASBESTOS IS FOUND THROUGHOUT THE WORLD. 470 MILLION YEARS AGO . . . HOT, 19 SUBTERRANEAN WATER DISSOLVED ROCK LAYERS CONTAINING IRON, MAGNESIUM AND SILICA, FORMING "VEINS" OF LIQUID MINERALS . . . A14 AS THE EARTH COOLED . . . THESE MINERALS A1S CRYSTALLIZED INTO THE FIBROUS ORE KNOWN A1S TODAY AS ASBESTOS. PHAROAHS AND ANCIENT KINGS USED THIS UNIQUE PRODUCT OF NATURE. TODAY, YOU DON'T HAVE TO BE ROYALTY TO USE ASBESTOS . . . PRACTICALLY EVERYONE DOES. OVER 3,000 PRODUCTS USE IT . . . 21 USUALLY IN COMBINATION WITH OTHER MATERIALS. WITH PROPERTIES UNMATCHED BY ANY OTHER NATURAL OR MAN-MADE MATERIAL^. . ASBESTOS IS IRREPLACEABLE FOR THE MICRO-REINFORCEMENT OF HIGH PERFORMANCE PRODUCTS LIKE ASBESTOS-CEMENT A18 PIPE. CTD032366 COMPRISING LESS THAN 20 PERCENT OF A/C PIPE . . . THESE INCREDIBLY STRONG FIBERS ARE NOT FREE ... BUT LIKE REINFORCING RODS jng IN CONCRETE . . . THEY ARE BOUND . . . ENCAPSULATED. . . LOCKED-IN ... THE CEMENT BINDER ^THE`DISTINCTION BETWEEN "FREE" AND "BOUND" ASBESTOS IS EXTREMELY IMPORTANT. WHY? ... IT DETERMINES THE PROBABILITY OF FIBER.RELEASE ... AND IN TURN . . .THE PROBABILITY OF EXPOSURE. A21 MORE IMPORTANTLY ... IT EXPLAINS WHY 24 A/C PIPE IS A NON-HARMFUL USE OF ASBESTOS. THE ABILITY OF ASBESTOS TO SUBDIVIDE INTO MICROSCOPICALLY SMALL FIBERS IS THE KEY TO ITS BIOLOGICAL AVAILABILITY ... ITS 25 ABILITY TO BECOME AIR OR WATERBORNE AND THEREBY INHALED OR INGESTED. THE BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF ASBESTOS DEPEND ON DOSE AND ROUTE OF ENTRY INTO THE BODY ... AND ARE A22 BELIEVED TO BE A FUNCTION OF FIBER SHAPE AND SIZE . . . RATHER THAN CHEMICAL COMPOSITION. GENERALLY ... THE LONGER AND THINNER THE FIBER ... THE GREATER THE POTENTIAL HEALTH RISK. CTD032367 PROLONGED OR HEAVY EXPOSURE TO AIRBORNE A23 ASBESTOS CAN LEAD TO ASBESTOSIS ... A DISEASE WHICH IMPAIRS BREATHING; IN THE A24 CASE-OF SMOKERS, HIGH RISK OF LUNG CANCER; A2S AND FINALLY, TO A MUCH LESSER DEGREE, MESOTHELIOMA ... A RARE CANCER'OF THE A26 . CHEST. OR ABDOMINAL CAVITY. TO DATE, ALL IDENTIFIED OCCURRENCES OF THESE DISEASES ATTRIBUTED TO ASBESTOS, HAVE INVOLVED EXPOSURES IN . . .OR RELATED TO . . . OCCUPATIONAL SETTINGS. A27 IN CONTRAST TO INHALATION, A CLEAR CAUSE AND EFFECT" RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INGESTED ASBESTOS AND GASTROINTESTINAL OR GI CANCER A28 DOES NOT EXIST. EVERYTHING FROM MICE TO BABOONS HAS BEEN WATERED, FORCE-FED OR DINED AT WILL ON ASBESTOS ... AS MUCH . 65 AS 6 PERCENT OF THEIR FOOD INTAKE. RESULT? NO CANCERS. V THESE THEN ARE THE RISKS FOR EXPOSURE TO pQ ASBESTOS . . . "HIGH" FOR HEAVY OR PROLONGED INHALATION EXPOSURE . . . SOLELY "PRESUMPTIVE AO q WITH NO PROVEN RISK FOR INGESTION. CTD032368 REGULATORY AGENCIES SET EXPOSURE LEVELS TO AIRBORNE ASBESTOS BASED ON THE NUMBER OF FIBERS LONGER THAN 5 MICROMETERS^PROPOSALS TO LOWER EXISTING LEVELS ARE UNDER CONSIDERATION.***' LET'S COMPARE EXISTING AND PROPOSED STANDARDS TO FIBER LEVELS MEASURED WHEN CUTTING OR MACHINING A/C PIPE. INDEPENDENT INDUSTRIAL 32 HYGIENE STUDIES SHOW . . . WHEN RECOMMENDED WORK PRACTICESfcARE FOLLOWED . FIBER*- LEVELS ARE NOT ONLY FAR BELOW TOE PRESENT STANDARD ... BUT WOULD ALSO MEET THE PROPOSED STANDARD. THIS SHOULD COME AS 33 NO SURPRISE. REMEMBER ... THE ASBESTOS IS "LOCKED-IN" THE CEMENT BINDER. THE INFREQUENCY AND SHORT DURATION OF FIELD OPERATIONS'FURTHER REDUCE EVEN THESE 34 EXPOSURES. CONCLUSION . . . WHEN RECOMMENDED WORK PRACTICES ARE FOLLOWED. . . THE RISK OF WORKING WITH A/C PIPE IS ALMOST 35 . NON-EXISTENT. WHAT ABOUT WATERBORNE ASBESTOS. WELL . . . 479 LET'S LET THE FACTS SPEAK FOR THEMSELVES. CTD032369 THE PREVALENCE OF ASBESTOS IN SOIL RESULTS IN ITS PRESENCE IN MOST LAKE, RIVE* AND WELL WATERS ... AND IN MANY DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS . . . REGARDLESS OF THE TYPE PIP UTILIZED. SURVEYS BY THE UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY SHOWED THAT .433 NATURAL AND TREATED WATERS If{J1QNJAJ$, WASHINGTON, PENNSYLVANIA, CALIFORNIA, MASSACHUSETTS AND GEORGIA HAD LEVELS IN THE AZ4 RANGE OF MILLIONS Of FIBERS PER LITER. THERE IS ASBESTOS IN ALL SURFACE WATERS OF ALL HABITED AREAS OF ONTARIO, AND MANY PARTS OF ASS QUEBEC AND BRITISH COLUMBIA. NATURAL WEATHERING AND EROSION HAVE IN THE PAST, AND WILL . .. . FOR GENERATIONS TO COME . . . RELEASE ASBESTOS TO SURFACE WATERSHEDS AND 39 UNDERGROUND AQUIFERS AROUND THE WORLD. ANOTHER POTENTIAL SOURCE OF WATERBORNE ASBESTOS CAN BE ASBESTOS-BEARING SOIL DEPOSITED IN THE PIPE DURING INSTALLATION OR REPAIR. THIS CAN OCCUR WHETHER THE PIPE IS IRON, PLASTIC OR ASBESTOS-CEMENT. A THOROUGH FLUSHING EASILY ELIMINATES SUCH SOIL CONTAMINATION. CTD032370 TAPPING A/C PIPE TO PROVIDE HOUSE CONNECTIONS 'ALSO CAN CONTRIBUTE ASBESTOS TO DRINKING 40 WATER. WHEN WET TAPPING UNDER PRESSURE, EQUIPMENT WITH A POSITIVE PURGE SHOULD BE USED. THIS EJECTS 99 PERCENT Of THE ASBESTOS-CEMENT CHIfS AND DOWNSTREAM FLUSHING AZ6 JAKES CARE OF THE REST. /N.^^OKE. HEAVY-WALLED TAPPED COUPLINGS SUPPLIED 41 i DIRECTLY FROM THE FACTORY. V. - HOW THE CRITICAL QUESTION . ....DOES A/C PIPE CONTRIBUTE ASBESTOS TO DRINICING WATER CONVEYED THROUGH^IT? THE ANSWER IS NOT A SIMPLE ONE . . . BUT WE DO KNOW THIS . IT DEPENDS ON THE WATER. AS LONG AS THE 42 CEMENT BINDER REMAINS INTACT, THE RELEASE ... IF ANY . . . OF THE "LOCKED-IN" FIBER IS 4i INFINITESIMAL. HOWEVER, CERTAIN CORROSIVE OR "AGGRESSIVE" WATERS WILL ATTACK EYEW CORROSION- RESISTANT ASBESTOS-CEMENT. THE MOST COMMON ARE LOW HARDNESS OR "SOFT' WATERS ... AND >13? LOW PH OR "ACIDIC" WATERS. AGGRESSIVE WATERS . ARE "HUNGRY" WATERS ... NOT ONLY HUNGRY FOR CALCIUM AND MAGNESIUM IN CEMENT . . BUT HUNGRY FOR IRON, LEAD, COPPER, ZINC, AND CADMIUM IN METALLIC PIPE . . . ORGANIC RESIDUALS IN PLASTIC PIPE . . . POLYAROMATIC HYDROCARBONS 44 IN ORGANIC COATINGS ... AND ON AND ON. CTD032371 CORROSIVE WATERS TAKE A STAGGERING ECONOMIC TOLL FROM THE WATERWORKS INDUSTRY EVERY 45 YEAR ... BUT THE HEAVIEST TOLL OF ALL MAY BE THE TOLL IN HUMAN LIVES. MORE THAN FIFTY STUDIES IN NINE COUNTRIES REVEAL A CONSISTENTLY SIGNIFICANT RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN WATER HARDNESS AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE . . .STILL THE UNITED STATES' NUMBER ONE KILLER. IN ONE A38 STUDY, CITIES WITH THESOFTEST WATER HAD TWICE THE DEATH RATE FROM CORONARY DISEASE AS CITIES WHERE THE WATER WAS HARDEST. ECONOMICS ALONE ARGUE STRONGLY FOR TREATMENT A39 OF CORROSIVE WATERS ... THE POTENTIAL LOSS OF LIFE PUNCTUATES THE URGENCY. THE A/C PIPE INDUSTRY IS NOT THE FIRST TO SPOTLIGHT THE NEED FOR STABILIZATION, BUT IT HAS BEEN A LEADER IN TAKING POSITIVE A40 STEPS TO INCLUDE AGGRESSIVE WATER GUIDELINES IN NATIONAL PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS. THESE GUIDELINES DO NOT RECOMMEND THE USE OF ASBESTOS-CEMENT PIPE WITH HIGHLY AGGRESSIVE A41 WATERS. CTD032372 IN "MODERATELY" AND "NON-AGGRESSIVE" WATERS, FIELD MEASUREMENTS CONFIRM EPA LABORATORY RESULTS THAT A/C PIPE DOES NOT CONTRIBUTE SIGNIFICANT ... OR IN MANY CASES . . . EVEN MEASURABLE AMOUNTS OF ASBESTOS TO DRINKING WATER CONVEYED THROUGH IT. 48 Northeast Illinois ... an analysis of FIFTEEN PUBLIC WATER SYSTEMS CONTAINING A/C PIPE OF VARIOUS AGES, LENGTHS AND DIAMETERS . . . CONCLUSION ... NO SIGNIFICANT RELEASE OF ASBESTOS FROM :> A/C PIPE. A42 CALIFORNIA ... AN ANALYSIS OF WATER FROM A DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM WITH NEARLY ONE THOUSAND MILES OF A/C PIPE . . . CONCLUSION ... ASBESTOS LEVELS BELOW DETECTABLE- LIMITS. SO NEW MEXICO ... AN ANALYSIS OF ASBESTOS FIBER CONCENTRATIONS IN WATER SYSTEMS CONTAINING FIVE HUNDRED FORTY EIGHT MILES OF A/C PIPE . . CONCLUSION ... NO EVIDENCE OF ASBESTOS PICK-UP FROM A/C PIPE. : A43 TEXAS, OHIO AND CONNECTICUT . . . EPA STUDIES OF A/C PIPE SYSTEMS ... CONCLUSION . . . FIBER LEVELS "NOT STATISTICALLY SIGNIFICANT" OR "BELOW DETECTABLE LIMITS." CTD032373 52 COMMON SENSE TELLS US THAT "REAL WORLD" RISK MUST RELATE TO "REAL WORLD" EXPOSURE. THAT'S WHY THESE RESULTS ARE SO IMPORTANT ... THEY MEASURE ACTUAL ASBESTOS LEVELS IN A/C S3 PIPE SYSTEMS. CLEARLY, THE AMOUNT OF ASBESTOS . . . IF ANY . . . CONTRIBUTED TO DRINKING WATER SUPPLIED THROUGH A/C PIPE WAS INFINITESIMAL. A44 NOW, WHAT ABOUT WATER SYSTEMS WHICH HAVE MEASURABLE QUANTITIES OF ASBESTOS FIBER . . . A4S WHAT'S THE RISK OF CONTRACTING CANCER? THERE IS NO EVIDENCE THAT ANYONE IN THE GENERAL PUBLIC HAS EVER CONTRACTED ANY A4B DISEASE FROM NATURALLY-OCCURING ASBESTOS . . OR THE MINUTE AMOUNTS OF FIBER RELEASED FROM A/C PIPE. THIS IS NOT A JUDGMENT OF SAFETY ... IT IS A STATEMENT OF FACT.'A47 IN 1978, UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA RESEARCHERS REPORTED A STATISTICAL ASSOCIATION BETWEEN CERTAIN CANCERS AND WATER SUPPLIES HIGH IN NATURALLY-OCCURING ASBESTOS. WHILE THE A48 STUDY STIRRED UP A STORM OF QUESTIONS . . . IT DID NOT PINPOINT A CAUSE AND EFFECT RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INGESTED ASBESTOS .AND CANCER. AS THE RESEARCHERS NOTED . . . IMPORTANT FACTORS, SUCH AS SMOKING, ALCOHOL, AND DIETARY HABITS ... NOT TO MENTION OCCUPATIONAL HISTORY AND POPULATION MOBILITY . . . WERE NOT INCLUDED IN THE STUDY. THE CALIFORNIA DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH A49 SERVICES UNEQUIVOCABLY STATED ... THE REPORT DOES NOT ESTABLISH ANY CAUSAL LINK BETWEEN ASBESTOS AND BAY AREA DRINKING WATER ... A POSITION ALSO TAKEN BY THE U. S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY. CTD032374 56 WHETHER IT'S THE EXTREMELY SMAUTFIBER SIZE OR THE SUB-THRESHOLD "DOSE" . ....IF THERE IS A "CAUSE AND EFFECT* RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GI CANCERS, INGESTED;AS&E5T0S:.0R THE'USE 57 OF A/C PIPE . . . IT DOES NOT SHOW IN STATE, NATIONAL OR WORLD CANCER STATISTICS. 58 DULUTH, MINNESOTA . . . MILLIONS OF'ASBESTOSLIKE FIBERS IN ITS DRINKING WATER SUPPLY, AND MINNEAPOLIS-ST. PAUL, WITH NONE. A COMPARISON SHOWED NO STATISTICAL' DIFFERENCE IN THE INCIDENCE OF GASTROINTESTINAL CANCER. ASO CONNECTICUT ... AN EXTENSIVE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY STUDY SHOWED NO CORRELATION BETWEEN THE INCIDENCE OF GI CANCER AND THE USE OF ASBESTOS-CEMENT WATER PIPE. A51 THE UNITED STATES . . . DURING FIFTY YEARS RAPIDLY INCREASING A/C PIPE USAGE, GASTRO INTESTINAL CANCER RATES FOR THE PERIOD 1949-1976 DECLINED THIRTY-NINE PERCENT. A52 CANADA ... A STUDY OF TWENTY-TWO MUNICIPALITIES WITH HIGH CONCENTRATIONS OF NATURALLY-OCCURING ASBESTOS IN THE WATER SUPPLIES FAILED TO REVEAL ANY EXCESS CANCER MORTALITY. CTD032375 -453 SWITZERLAND ... THE HIGHEST PER CAPITA USE OF A/C PIPE IN WESTERN EUROPE. FROM 1951, MORE THAN TWENTY YEARS AFTER A/C PIPE WAS INTRODUCED . . . TO 1976, THE DEATH RATE FROM GI CANCER DROPPED A SIGNIFICANT THIRTY-TWO PERCENT. 64 THIS INABILITY TO RELATE A "REAL WORLD" RESPONSE WITH A "REAL WORLD" DOSE AGAIN SAYS THAT LIKE THE AMOUNT OF ASBESTOS CONTRIBUTED TO DRINKING WATER BY A/C PIPE, THE RISK FROM INGESTING THAT ASBESTOS MUST BE INFINITELY SHALL. HOW SMALL? AS4 LET'S TRY TO PUT IT IN PERSPECTIVE. IMAGINE A MAN ... AND A MOUSE. ZERO POINT TWO SEVEN PERCENT OF THEIR DIET WILL BE ASBESTOS. ASS NOT VERY MUCH ... BUT FOR THE MOUSE ... A MAGNIFIED DOSE ... A DOSE WHICH IN AN ACTUAL AS6 EXPERIMENT FAILED TO ESTABLISH A CANCER RISK. FOR THE MAN . . . IT AMOUNTS TO ABOUT FIVE FOUNDS OF ASBESTOS . . . ROUGHLY THE AMOUNT OF BUTTER HE EATS IN A YEAR. USING THE HIGHEST FIBER LEVELS FOUND IN DRINKING WATER, THE MAN A57 WOULD HAVE TO DRINK THREE POINT EIGHT MILLION QUARTS OF WATER PER DAY TO CONSUME FIVE POUNDS OF ASBESTOS IN A YEAR ... OR OVER FIFTY THOUSAND QUARTS PER DAY FOR A LIFETIME. CTD032376 THIS IS PREPOSTEROUS ... BUT IT DOES PLACL IN PERSPECTIVE THE PROBABILITY OF RISK FROM A "REAL WORLD" DOSE OF INGESTED ASBESTOS FROM A/C PIPE. . . A DOSE WHICH IS NOT UNCOMMONLY A BILLION TIMES LESS THAN*ASBESTOS LEVELS PROVEN TO BE NONCARCINOGENIC IN ANIMAL FEEDING STUDIES. 67 ONE IN A BILLION . . . THAT FIGURE PROBABLY DOESN'T REGISTER WITH MOST PEOPLE. IN TERMS OF VOLUME ... IT*S A VERY, VERY, VERY DRY MARTINI ... ONE DROP OF VERMOUTH IN FIFTEEN THOUSAND, SEVEN HUNDRED FIFTY GALLONS OF GIN. IN TERMS OF RISK ... IT'S A THOUSAND TIMES SAFER THAN SMOKING ONE AND ONE HALF CIGARETTES OR DRINKING A HALF BOTTLE OF YOUR FAVORITE WINE. 68 IN SPITE OF PERCEPTIONS AND PUBLICITY TO THE CONTRARY, THESE INCREDIBLY LOW PROBABILITIES OF RISK TELL US THAT A/C PIPE IS NOT A RISK TO THE PUBLIC ... A JUDGMENT CONFIRMED AGAIN AND AGAIN BY SOME OF THE MOST RESPECTED AUTHORITIES IN THE WORLD. DR. IRVING J. SELIKOFF . . . "INSOFAR AS ASBESTOS CEMENT PIPE FOR PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES IS CONCERNED ... WE HAVE NO DATA DEMONSTRATING HAZARD." CTD032377 71 NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE . . . "NCI SCIENTISTS . . . HAVE FOUND NO UNUSUAL CANCER MORTALITY PATTERNS SO FAR AMONG PERSONS RESIDING -WHERl* DRINKING WATER IS CONTAMINATED 8Y ASBESTOS . . ." 72 SELECT STUDY COMMITTEE OF THE AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION RESEARCH FOUNDATION . . . "NO FIRM EVIDENCE SHOWS THAT THE PROPER USE OF ASBESTOS-CEMENT PIPE POSES A HAZARD TO HEALTH BY REASON OF INGESTION OF ASBESTOS FIBERS ... THE PROBABILITY OF RISK TO HEALTH FROM THE USE OF SUCH SYSTEMS IS SMALL - APPROACHING ZERO." 73 FALSE ACCUSATIONS AND "GUILT BY ASSOCIATION" HAVE CREATED A PERCEPTION OF RISK ABOUT A/C PIPE*, SCIENTIFIC MEASUREMENTS AND COMMON SENSE SHOW THIS DISTORTED PERCEPTION HAS NO BASIS IN FACT. ABO THE A/C PIPE INDUSTRY HAS A COMMITMENT . . . A COMMITMENT TO QUALITY WATER. QUALITY WATER A61 DEMANDS . . . CONSERVATION IN USE . . . DILIGENCE ABB IN TREATMENT ... AND ECONOMICAL RELIABILITY AS3 IN DISTRIBUTION. DESIGNED FOR VALUE . . . A64 ENGINEERED FOR PERFORMANCE . . . SCRUTINIZED FOR A65 SAFETY ... A/C PIPE IS AS COST-EFFECTIVE . . . A66 RELIABLE . . . AND_ SAFE ... AS ANY WATER PIPE AS 7 IN COMMON USE TODAY ... AND THAT'S A FACT! CTD032378 "A/C Pipe and Health1' (17) A68 ' CONTINUING TO PROVIDE PROOUCTS OF INTEGRITY A69 . . . .- WHICH THE PUBLIC CAM USE W*TH A70 CONFIDENCE . . . WILL REMAIN THE COMMITMENT OF THE A/C PIPE INDUSTRY ... A COMMITMENT A71 IT INTENDS TO KEEP . . . TODAY' ... A?2 TOMORROW . . . AND IN THE FUTURE. (Slides A74, A75, 79 run to conclusion.) C* CTD032379 RECOMMENDED WORK PRACTICES "RISK AND RESPONSIBILITY" SCRIPT - KEYED SCRIPT CTD032380 NARRATOR: 0 2 Blank slide - sound, effects 23 YOU BUILT THE AMERICAS ... YOU BUILT EUROPE, THE*MIDDLE EAST . . . AND. MORE. YOU5. . . THE MEN AND WOMEN OF THE 6 CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY ... AND YOUR 7 PREDECESSORS . . . SINCE MAN FIRST PUT ONE STONE UPON ANOTHER. YOU*BUILT THE GREAT HIGHWAYS OF THIS WORLD 9 ... THE BRIDGES ... THE RAILROADS . . . 10 11 YOUR HAMMER DROVE THE GOLDEN SPIKE. YOU 12 BUILT THE SKYSCRAPERS ... THE SOARING MONUMENTS TO MAN' S INGENUITY AND DESIGN". 13 YOU REACHED ACROSS CANADA'S ENDLESS PRAIRIES . . . TAMED THE AUSTRALIAN OUTBACK . . . IS YOU LABORED BENEATH THE MIDNIGHT SUN TO BRING QUALITY DRINKING WATER TO MILLIONS OF PEOPLE. 16 YOU BUILT SEWER SYSTEMS TO MAKE THE ENVIRONMENT CLEAN AND HEALTHY . . . 17 FOR US, OUR CHILDREN, AND CHILDREN YET UNBORN. 18 YOU BUILT THE HARBORS AND THE CITIES . . 19 20 THE AIRPORTS ... AND THE SPACEPORTS . . . . SPRINGBOARDS TO THE STARS. CTD032381 THE CONSTRUCTIOtPlNDUSTRY CAN BE PROUD OF ITS CONTRIBUTION TO THE QUALITY OF LIFE . . ?2AND TO THE ECONOMIC WELL-BEING . . . OF MANKIND. THIS SUCCESS HAD BEEN HARD WON. CONSTRUCTION IS A TOUGH, DIFFICULT, DANGEROUS BUSINESS. IT'S RISKY . . , FROM A BUSINESS $OINT OF VIEW . . . AND FROM A PERSONAL POINT OF VIEW. RISKY BUSINESS . . . GOOlf^WEATHER, IN ON SCHEDULE, A PROFITABLE JOB. . . 28 BAD WEATHER, BAD LUCK, AND A WIPEOUT ON THE NEXT . . .^CONTRACTORS KNOW THE BUSINESS RISKS ALL TOO WELL. CONSTRUCTION ALSO POSES OTHER RISkI* . . . THE RISK OF A STRUCTURE COLLAPSINlf9 . . . THE RISK OF A FIRE OR EXPLOSIOlf . . . THE RISK OF A TRENCH- CAVE-IN ... AND SMALLER RISKS TOO . . . CUtI2 AND BRUISES, BROKEN TOES, BATTERED FINGERS. CTD032382 MAYBE THAT'S WHY THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY J2ATTRACTS THE REGULATORS . . . FROM THE NATIONAL CAPITOL . . . FROM THE STATE AND PROVINCE. IN THEY COME . . . WITH THEIR ^CLIPBOARDS AND THEIR LONG CHECKLISTS AND THEIR ENDLESS FORMS TO BE FILLED OUT IN DUPLICATE . . . TRIPLICATE ... OR QUADRUPLICATE. BUT THE INDUSTRY DOES NOT LEND ITSELF EASILY TO REGULATION3; . . ITS WORK FORCE IS TRANSIENT . . . WORK ONE WEEK, GONE THE NEXT?5 AND ITS WORKPLACE IS HIGHLY MOBILE ... WITH MEN AND EQUIPMENT MOVING FROM SITE TO SITE. ThFcONSTRUCSION INDUSTRY ALSO IS EXCEPTIONALLY DIVERSE . . . 3/ RANGING FROM "HIGH STEEL" TO HUGE TUNNELS BENEATH . . . SOMETIMES FAR BENEATH ... THE GROUND. THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY HAS GROWN ENORMOUSLY . . ?*AND HAS HELPED THE WORLD TO REACH FARTHER AND HIGHER 39 THAN EVER BEFORE. BUT WITH GROWTH . . . AND WITH THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEW PRODUCTS AND NEW TECHNOLOGIES . . . COME NEW CHALLENGES AND NEW RISKS. CTD032383 40 SAFEGUARDING THE CONSTRUCTION WORKER FROM INJURY AND DISEASE HAS ALWAYS BEEN A CHALLENGE. IT^TARTS WITH UNDERSTANDING 42 THE OBVIOUS ... AND THE HIDDEN . . . RISKS . . . THEN CONTROLLING, AND FINALLY PREVENTING THOSE RISKS THROUGH GOOD WORK PRACTICES. 43 GOOD WORK PRACTICES ... NOT ONLY THE CORRECT AND MOST EFFICIENT WAY TO DO ANY 44 JOB . . . BUT THE SAFEST. GOOD WORK PRACTICES MAKE GOOD SENSE . . . THEY REDUCE INJURIES, 45 LOST TIME, PROPERTY DAMAGE, INSURANCE PREMIUMS, 46 WORKER'S COMP, AND YES, PAPERWORK. GOOD WORK PRACTICES . . . KEEP EMPLOYEES HEALTHY . . . 47 ON THE JOB . . . PRODUCTIVE. 48 HOW DO YOU IMPLEMENT A GOOD WORK PRACTICES PROGRAM? LET'S SEE HOW ONE CONTRACTOR DOES 49 . IT. MIKE THOMPSON OWNS AND OPERATES A SO CONSTRUCTION FIRM . . . HAS A FAMILY AND 51 A NICE HOUSE . . . PARTICIPATES IN COMMUNITY AFFAIRS . . . AND IS A RESPONSIBLE AND 52 SUCCESSFUL BUSINESSMAN. CTD032384 MIKE HIRES WORKERS WITH CARE ... HE WANTS PEOPLE WHO WORK HARO AND TAKE PRIDE IN THEIR WORK ... HE MEETS HIS CONTRACTURAL3 OBLIGATIONS ... AND HIS MANAGEMENT OBLIGATIONS . . f^AND ON TOP OF IT ALL, HE MAKES A LITTLE MONEY FOR HIMSELF. SSEXPERIENCE HAS TAUGHT MIKE THAT, LIKE GOOD MANAGEMENT, GOOD WORK PRACTICES PAY OFF. HIS DAD HAD A CLOS^CALL IN A TRENCH CAVE-IN MANY YEARS AGO . . . AND MIKE HAS NEVER FORGOTTEN IT. EVER SINCE, MIKE HAS DONE THINGS "B'pTHE BOOK" . . . ON AND OFF THE JOBSITE. HE WANTS HIS MEN HEALTH^5. . . AND ON THE JOB TOMORROW. CO MIKE'S COMPANY DOES A LOT OF WATER AND SEWER JOBS . . . SO HE'S LEARNED A LOT ABOUT PIPE . . .Particularly . . . asbestos-cement PIPE. HE MAKeI3SURE HIS MEN KNOW ABOUT IT TOO . . . HOW TO INSTALL IT PROPERLY . . . 52AND HOW TO WORK WITH IT SAFELY. MIKE USES PERIODIC^AILGATE SAFETY TALKS TO TRAIN HIS MEN. HE KEEPS THE^ALKS PUNCHY AND TO THE POINT . . . EMPHASIZING THE IMPORTANCE OF USING RECOMMENDED WORK PRACTICES FOR A/C PIPE. C7D032385 . "Risk and Responsibility" (6) MIKE: * . ffS0K FELLAS, GATHER AROUND. I'M GOING TO SHOW YOU HOW TO HANDLE THAT A/C WATER PIPE WE'LL BE LAYING TOMORROW. S6 MOST OF YOU ALREADY KNOW ABOUT A/C. BUT THERE ARE A FEW THINGS I WANT TO REEMPHASIZE e7 ABOUT IT. FIRST, IT'S EASY TO HANDLE, AND IF YOU FOLLOW THE MANUFACTURER'S INSTALLATION 68 MANUAL, IT GOES IN THE GROUND FAST. SECOND?5IT CONTAINS ASBESTOS. I KNOW YOU'VE ALL HEARD OR READ THAT ASBESTOS CAN HURT YOU. WELL, IT CAN . . . ESPECIALLY -IF YOU BREATHE A LOT OF DUST CONTAINING^ ASBESTOS OR BREATHE IT FOR A LONG TIME . . . YOU INCREASE YOUR RISK OF GETTING LUNG DISEASE ... OR EVEN CANCER . . . ESPECIALLY THOSE OF YOU WHO SMOKE2. . . AND ANY TROUBLE MAY NOT SHOW UP UNTIL FIFTEEN, TWENTY, THIRTY YEARS AFTER YOU'VE BEEN EXPOSED. NOlIf THE ASBESTOS IN A/C PIPE IS "LOCKED-IN" . . . BONDED RIGHT INTO THE CEMENT . . . JUST LIKE THE "REBAR" WE USE WHEN REINFORCING CONCRETE.7JTHE ASBESTOS FIBERS CAN'T GET INTO THE AIR UNLESS YOU DO SOMETHING TO RELEASE THEM . . . LIKE CUTTING, MACHINING OR TAPPING THE PI I? THE WRONG WAY. CTDO32386 MINIMIZING'DUST . . . THAT'S THE KEY T0 SAFE HANDLING OF A/C PIPE . . . IT'S SIMPLE, NO ASBESTOS DUST . . . NO RISK. 75B0TH THE STATE AND THE FEDS REGULATE EXPOSURES TO ASBESTOS DUST. IF DUST LEVELS GET TOO HIGH, BIG DADDY IS GOING TO STEP IN AND SAY NO. BUT EVEN BEFORE HE DOES? FELLOWS, I'M GOING TO STEP IN AND SAY NO. THE WAY TO STAY BELOW DANGEROUS DUST LEVELS IS TO FOLLOW RECOMMENDED WORK PRACTICES ... LIKE SHORINtTuP THOSE DEEP TRENCHES IN THAT SANDY SOIL LAST WEEK. IT BOILS DOWN TO 7SD0ING THINGS BY THE BOOK. 79 LET'S GO THROUGH THIS BY THE NUMBERS. A/C PIPE IS SHIPPED FROM THE FACTORY CLEAN AND DUST-FREE. IT'S SAFE TO HANDLE OUST AS WE RECEIVE IT . . . EVEN IN ENCLOSED SPACES ... SO GO AHEAD WITH UNLOADING AND STRINGING OUT . . . JUST LIKE WE ALWAYS D0.8 IN CUTTING OR MACHINING THE PIPE, USE OUR 81 STANDARD CARBIDE BLADE EQUIPMENT . . . SNAP 82 8Z CUTTERS ... AND MANUAL ... OR POWER . . . FIELD LATHES . . . WHEN YOU USE SHORT LENGTHS TO SPof*A HYDRANT* IT'S OK TO REBEVEL THE CUT END WITH A WOOD RASP. CTD032387 Risk and Responsibility" (8) WHEN DRY TAPP IN(/IeRV ICE CONNECTIONS BE SURE TO REMOVE ALL DUST AND CUTTINGS BY FLUSHING WITH WATER . . .JON'T USE COMPRESSED AIR OR DRY SWEEP 'EM . . . REMEMBER THE DUST. 8^FTER WE GET A PRESSURE TEST ON THE LINE, USE THAT TAPPING EQUIPMENT WE RIGGED WITH A POSITIVE PURGE FOR ANY LAST-MINUTE WET TAPS ... AND MAKE SURE YOU FLUSH THE MAIN AT THE CLOSEST HYDRANT DOWNSTREAM.87 IF YOU HAVE TO REMOVE A COUPLING . . . simply use a Rawer and chisel. 88 AND ON THAT SEWER JOB NEXT WEEK, YOU CAN 89 USE SHELL CUTTERS TO CUT IN LATERALS OR A DRILL, CHISEL, AND RASP. ALL THESE TOOLS `IS ' ARE SAFE. IN FACT; f^E PIPE IS REALLY EASY '' TO -WORK WITH SAFELY. 90 ' TRY TO KEEP ALL EQUIPMENT-FREE OF DUST AND IF YOU HAVE WASTE ASBESTOS-CEMENT CHIPS FROM 91 CUTTING OR MACHINING . . . OUST PLACE THEM IN ' THE TRENCH AND BURY THEM ALONG WITH THE PIPE. REMEMBER, DON'T DRY SWEEP THIS STUFF ... OR USE THE AIR HOSE . . . THAT BLOWS IT AROUND. IF YOU'RE WORKING IN THE YARD OR SHOP, USE . 92 THE PORTABLE VACUUM ... OR SCOOP UP THE CHIPS AND PUT THEM IN DISPOSAL BAGS. I'LL GET RID OF THE BAGS. CTD032388 "Risk and Responsibility" (9) FIRST WORKER: MIKE: SECOND WORKER: MIKE: ? S3 THERE'S (VIE THING I DON'T WANT YOU TO DO WITH A/C PIPE AT ANYTIME . . . NEVER CUT IT WITH AN ABRASIVE DISC SAW. THAT PRODUCES A HELL OF A LOT OF ASBESTOS OUST.** I REPEAT, NEVER USE A DISC SAW OR TO CUT OR BEVEL A/C PIPE. NEVER1 95 THAT'S TOO RISKY. HEY MIKE, WHAT ABOUT ALL THOSE CHIPS AND SHAVINGS FROM MACHINING ... ARE THEY 96 DANGEROUS? NO, BIG STUFF LIKE THAT STILL HAS THE ASBESTOS LOCKED-IN ... YOU JUST CAN'T BREATHE SOMETHING THAT BIG. ANY OTHER QUESTIONS? 97 YEAH, HOW COME THIS STUFF IS SAFE IF IT'S SO DANGEROUS? HEY . . . NOT MUCH WE DO IN THIS BUSINESS ISN'T RISKY. BUT ANY RISK OF WORKING WITH 98 A/C PIPE IS EASILY MINIMIZED. JUST USE THE .RIGHT TOOLS AND FOLLOW RECOMMENDED WORK PRACTICES. *^ACH ONE HAS BEEN CHECKED FOR DUST LEVELS. THE'RE ALL WELL BELOW OSHA 100 REQUIREMENTS. OK MEN, THAT'S IT. LET'S GET TO WORK AND ' PUT SOME MONEY IN THE BANK. CTD032389 "Risk and Responsibility11 (10) NARRATOR: 202RISK AND RESPONSIBILITY . . . FACTS OF LIFE IN THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY . . . AND IN THE PIPE INDUSTRY. THE A/C PIPE INDUSTRIALS CONTRACTORS, UTILITIES, AND CITIES TO USE ITS PRODUCTS WITH CONFIDENCE? . . GOOD WORK PRACTICES ARE THE BEST WAY TO SAFEGUARD YOU AND YOUR EMPLOYEES?*4 r !. WE LIKE THIS IDEA OF GOOO WORK PRACTICES . . . ." ' ; - w. - >." ' . ' OF SELF-REGULATION ... AND WE TRTNK YOU'LL r *, -Vi- - 105 LIKE IT TOO. t 106 WE CONSIDER SAFETY ON THE JOB A PARTNERSHIP ... THE MANUFACTURER1?7. . THE CONTRACTOR2^ ... THE WORKER2?*. : THE A/C PIPE INDUSTRY WANTS TO DO ITS PART. . . . 00 I ' .. 110SO LET'S JOIN TOGETHER IN THIS PARTNERSHIP W ' > * * . *; * r IN SAFETY ... AND AFTER THE NEXT JOB 777 770 * 1' 773 COMES IN . . . ON SCHEDULE .. . ON THE MONEY. WE CAN ALL TOAST2?4. . "TO SUCCESS" ?2? . US "TO YOUR HEALTH". CTD032390