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FILE NAME: Friction Materials Standards Institute (FMS) DATE: 0000 1977? DOC#: FMS070 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION: Friction Materials Standards Institute History HISTORY FRICTION MATERIALS STANDARDS INSTITUTE alahiicec-oyrayarofoefhaincForrlpeotiroantioMna--te1r9ia4l8. Sfteawnmdavradrs, lIansethitautfaeabplrooabaobflyehsahoeullmd usea pInaraheaieput taIt. wUouhlldlabaehaapFprroicptrioianteMtoategroiablackSeafuadrathrdaar Ztoaaeehieaue"aroo(ItMa"SZo)fwaeaha Ainacaoorcploarcalotned (l8aLM1A9)4,3leaaftahristeohraydglaoaaaolbuatclokatoofehthaeaiIdrak192U0'aal.ag Manufacturer! the f ir s t caealogs thae could be llkaaad eo eha FKSl Automotive Data Book vara published by eha Aabaaeoa Brake U a la g A ssociation. Thla aaaoclaelon vaa not incorporated o r ig in a lly , aad consisted a a a a a tla lly o f aovmral aaaufaeeurara of brake lin in gs aad elueeh faclags who praparad a cowoo catalog aeartlng in 1926. Thaaa early caealogs wars publlahad with eovwra casing tha Individual aaaufaeeurar aad vara glvaa a e it la which included eha asso cia tio n 's oaaa. Ze Is inearestlng to note thae thaaa catalogs lis te d drua d isaste rs, widths, lengths sad thicknesses along wleh positions and functions of tha p a rticu la r fr ic tio n m aterial fo r each v e h ic le . Thera vaa no standard nusher as such in eha early caealogs. la ehoea days, in tern al expanding brake with diameters running up to 17" vara used on passenger cars. Tht o rig in a l Asbestos Brakt Lining Association had lea o ffic e at 578 Madison Avenue in New York C ity . In 1929 the Asbestos Brake Lining Association incorporated under eha law of tha Scats of New York. The corporation saved into new f a c i l i t i e s ae 7 *asc 1st Street and continued eha a c tiv itie s of eha e a r lie r aaaoclaelon. The f ir s t Oats Book sim ilar to tha current book was published in 1930 aad was appropriately named tha "1930 Automotive Oats Book." I t vaa not u n t i l "1931 chat standard numbers v trs ustd to idsnelfy eha various brake lin in g s . The brake codes in chase sarly days vara 100 Lockheed Non Servo, 200 Bandix Servo, 400 Seeeldraullc and 4,000 Brake Block. In 1932 the Automotive Data Book vaa given a rad cover which became, except for the var years, ehs standard cover. The Asbestos Brake Lining Association changed i t s name to tha Brake Lining Manufacturers' Association (BUiA) in 1933. During eha seam year, the Associa cion moved to 370 Laxlngton Avenue vhere the In stitu te stayed u n til January 1972. In .October of 1933 Miss Harriet Duachak vaa hired by the Brake Lining Manufacturers' A ssociation as chair Secretary, Miss Duachak served tha In s titu te through the var years and during eha chaagas thae led eo the forma tion of eha F rictio n M aterials Standards In stitu te in 1948 and 1949. Miss Duschek continued with eha In stitu te u n til har retirement in 1971. The Brake Lining Manufacturers' Association published the Automotive Data Be: and i t s Supplement up u n t il Che sta rt of World War I I when supplements oniv were publlahad. There vaa l i t t l e additional information on commercial veh icles from 1942 to 1945. During tha v ar, Mlaa Duachak's e ffo rts centers: on work fo r ehs Navy Department and eha War Department (prior eo eha Depart ment of Defense). lo n sid srsb lt cross-reference and catalog daea vaa prepare: for commercial and in d u stria l ap p licatio n s, and tha 17,000 aariaa vaa a s ta :Lished for non-autemotive m aterials. At the completion of World War I I tr.e It v u la ta te a tin g to ooe the in th 1930's tb Brake lining Manufacturers' Association included suggested li s t prices la their catalo gs. Thia waa during th dart of eh Nv D eal's national In d u strial Recovery Ace and actions along ths H aas vre not only p m tt d but vr neouragad. aoverr , th lae 1940' wars d iffe r e n t. Th Brak Lining Manufacturers' Association vas dissolved la 1948 a fte r Ju stic e Department allegatio n s conesm iag certain a c t iv it ie s by members of the la s titu t . Th BLMA ves dissolved la 1948 and a l l asaats vere sold eo th newly formed Clueeh Facing and Brake Lining In seltu t In 1949. A chronology fo r th is dissolution follow: OATH MEETING Harriot Duechek--beecutlve Secretary 1933-1971 ACTION 8/26/48 Membership Resolution passed to dissolve BLMA 9/23/48 - C e r tific a te to dissolve BU4A file d v lth New York Secretary of S ta te . 4/27/49 Directors Directors actin g as Trustees in dissolution of BLMA, resolved to s e l l assees eo Clutch Facing and Brake Lining In s titu te . 4/30/49 Assees sold to Clutch Facing and Brak Lining In s titu te . A c tiv itie s of BLMA discontinued. D issolu tion of BLMA vas completed. ORGANIZATION OF THE FRICTION MATERIALS STANDARDS INSTITUTE During the period of dissolu tion of BLMA le vas suggested that a nsw organ!i scion bs formed prim arily for purposes of continuing publication of the Automotive Daea Book. V lth that la mind, a c s r t ific a t a of incorporation vas f ile d In New York State to form the Clutch Facing and Brake Lining in scie n te . An ou tlin e os the cormacion of the Clutch Facing and Brake Lining In s titu te v lth ehe subsequent name change to Frictio n M aterials Standards In s titu te is shown. 2 1i . i o i *d C e rtific a te ot Incorporation fii d with Haw York Secretary Scat* for Clutch Facing and Braka U a ln f In a tic u ta . 12/14/48 Incorporator Incorporator! adoptad a Conatitution and By-L 4/30/49 Purehaaad aaaacs of BLMA. 5/1/49 Clutch Facing and Brak Lining Institute commenced opration. 6/23/49 Membership 1st Annual Membership Moating, which lasng oth thing! resolved to hevc name changad (from Clutch Facing and Brak Lining In atitu ta) to F rictio n M aterial Standard In a titu ta , Inc. 6/27/49 C e r tific a t o f name change file d v ith the New York Secretary of Scat. Mr. las S tick le s of the New York fir of McLaughlin, Stlck las and Haydan was Legal Counsel for the BLMA and FMSI during than day of tra n sitio n . Mr. S tick le s continued as Counsel for tha In stltu a u n t il' 1973. ' 4 The In s titu te consnanced operations under tha name Clutch Facing and Brake Lining In stitu te on May 1, 1949 and shortly th ereafter changad i t s naaa to the F rictio n M aterials Standards I n s t it u t e , Incorporated. At a netting of the Board of Directors in June 1949 the f i r s t President was elected: Mr. Amor ? . Smith of Russell Manufacturing in Middletown, Connecticut. Many years la te r the R ussell assets were acquired by H.K. Porter Company and operated under it s Thermoid D iv isio n . Tha Vice-President vea Mr. Thomas L. Gatke, than President of tha Gatka Corporation. Mlae Harriet Duschek was elected as Secretary to continue on with tha re sp o n sib ilitie s she had during tha days of tha BLMA and during tha dissolution of that group. The new In s titu te took over o ffic e space at 370 Lexington Avenue in New York C itv . 1949-195 1. AMOR SMITH. PRESIDENT Curing the d issolu tion of LIMA and organization of FMSI, Miss Duachak and her s t a f f continued gathering data on braka lin in gs and clutch facings so that there would ba a clean tra n sitio n for the In s titu te 's Automotive Data Book. On of tha prime concerns of the new group was in keeping th is information flowing to the members. Because of eha rapid changes and in d ivid u al corporate reasons three major manufacturer did not jo in tha new In a titu ta : American Brakablok, Johns-Manv i l l a , and Thermoid. The In s titu te membership during th is tra n sitio n was not the same as that of 3 irs or ta t la jc it u c vr: - 'A&*toa Manufacturing Co. (Anco) Flbr* 4 Matal Producta, Inc. Gack Corporation G rlxaiy Manufacturing Company Laaco Braka Producta Corporation, Ltd. M arshall-Eclipse Olvialon (Baudlx Aviation Corporation) Molded Matariala Dlvlalon (C a rlisle Corporation) Raybeacoe-Manhaccan, la e . Ruaaell Manufacturing Company Scandinavia Belting Company Southern Friction Matsrlala Company S.K . W#liman Company World Bastos Company During the tra n sitio n , American Brakablok, Johns-Manvi11s, and Tharmoid vara lntaraatad in receiving technical information and catalogs, and in order to accommodate thaaa manufacturers a new Associate class of membership was established . At th is time Associate Members had rights to a l l techni ca l information but did not have rights such . as the right to vote, to serve on committees, be elected as o ffic e r s and the Ilk a . Ques tions arose at the time concerning Regional Members and in p a rticu la r the 3LMA of Canada. The Regional Member c la s s ific a tio n was established during these early months to sp e cifica lly Include trade association type members such as the former 8LMA of Canada. The Frictio n M aterials Standards In stitu te of Canada then continued on as the fir s t Regional Member of the nev In stitu te . Amor Smith--President 1949-1951 During these years Mr. Frank M ille r of Raybestos-Manhattan served as Chairman cf the Data Book and Technical Committee. Mr. M ille r had been one of the more dynamic contributors to organising the nev In s titu te and vaa la ta r to serve as it s President. At that time the Technical Committee handled ju st about a l l committee work for the In stitu te as a c t iv it ie s were centered in catalo gin g, assignments of FMSI numbers, and the dissemination of application information to members. In 1950 the f ir s t FMSI release was made for the Series 700 type dise brake lin in g s . FMSI #700 was assigned to e 1-1/4" button used on Crosley cars In the laea 1940'a . The second release in th is series was FMSI #701 used on 1951 Chrysler Imperial disc brakes. I t vaa not u n til several years la te r ehat additional disc brake lin in g releasee were made by 4 Frank M illa r --President 1951-1953 ,fle id e n tific a tio n cfcarta because of chnf in brake shoe design which had be goiat oa for i m r t l years. Soworal -- * indicated that a brake lin in g M ( M t yie 11 lea dimensions doe# aoe truly id a a tlf vhae 1 in sta lle d on a certain v e h ic le . Several members indicated that i t vaa nao sary to sp ecify tha ahoa and >o m vara attempting to do th is by using ehe FKSI l i a l a f ntak er. Complications arose, of course, vhera eartala VM1 U a la t au ^ ara vara used on aora t h a oaa sat o f shoes. Mr. Paul Gossett of Ian tilt Indicated a w illingness to provide ahoa sllhouattaa to eha In stitu te with eha d e m a n d in g chae eha Iaacieuta would publish them la chair catalo g . For eha oast several years additional work was done on eha idea of brake shoe id e n tific a tio n , but eha origin s impetus caaa fro Mr. Goasaee. Whan the In s titu te was formed, resolutions vara passed eo have eha Iaseleuce work la eha fie ld o f cataloging with tech nical b u lle tin s on vehicle releases, and in th is p a rticu la r area alone. In 1950, i t was suggaseed ehae I t aight be worthwhile to expand In s titu te a c t iv it ie s to Include Information on sales s t a t i s t i c s . Discussions were held on th is subject ae the Membership and Board of Directors meetings. The o rig in a l suggestions were to have a aonthly reporting which would include not only the types of linings sold but the channels of d istrib u tio n such as sales to a d istrib u to r, to an exporter, to an o rig in a l equipment source, and the lik e . The In stitu te discussed alterna tive plans for H isto ric a l Sales Reporting with Erase and Erase, C e rtifie d Public Accountants, but no action was taken at th is time. During Mr. M ille r 's term as President, the In stitu te for the f i r s t time conducted it s Annual Meeting at a s it e other thaa the Commodore Hotel in Hew York C ity , the Annual Meeting being held at the Commodore In 1950, 1951 and 1952. In 1953 the Annual Meeting was held at the Edgevater Beach Hotel in Chicago, a t which meeting the In s titu te had the f i r s t reception and banqua for it s members. In the two veers ended in June 1953, the In stitu te welcomed four new Active Members: A tlas Asbestos Company, L .J . Milay Company, Brasbeetoe Brake Lining Company and H. Krasne Manufacturing Company, with these addition s, tha In s titu te had twenty Active Members, four Associate Members who had joined e a r lie r , and two Regional Members from Canada and Great B rita in . -- rwcimg ta OUcajo, ch Directora electa nr. rcec weyburne ot eh Marehall-lipee Divisin of Bendlx Aviation Corpor cioo President. Mr. yburn hd bea activa la eh ffalta of eh pend caaaor BLHA ad va oa of eh pria orara la eh ot|aalstloa of eha M S I. Elactad eo erve u yica-Prtaidane vaa Ht. George U t car of eh Moldad Mata rala Division of Carlia i Corporation. Ourlt ch evo u t m rhtt Mr. Wnybunm aarvad aa Prmaldmnt, chora vara cachai cal chamgao la frleeloa producto, aad a eha vay chat eh laatleuea propoaad eo Mae eha changes. la 1955 cho Badlz eyp arvo brake vaa rede signed eo a fixed aaehor froa eh former ad ju atabla anchor typo. Bacaua of problems la manu facturing tolerances vleh eh f i n d aaehor brak, many aaaufaceurra moved eo aa eccen tric (or eaprad) grind on eh drua brak lin in g . To haadl ehla eh Inseleut decided eo ladlcaea ccen trlc grind oa o r lg la a l equipment lin in ga vieh a fooeaoe. Automatic cransmlaslons had bn gradually carving a larger prcae o f eh aarfcae Inca immediately afear Vorld War XX, aad eh Technical Coaalce conaidarad eh poaalb illey of l i f t i n g aad numbering autoaaeic eraaaalaaion band. Thera vaa conalderabla aceivley in ehla area, bue eha Board of Directors rejected eha Idea of cataloging eha bands. On shoe id e n tific a tio n , eha f i r s t question vaa Fred Weybume--Prsidant 1955--1955 whether eh n a should be FMSI shoe numbers assign ed and .how in eha Dace Book. Ie vas suggest! ehae before proceeding vieh such work using lnforaselon froa Bndlx, ehae th Moraine Division of General Motors and Uagnr E le c tr ic be contaceed for information on ehelr brake shoes. In considering a numbering syseem for shoes, soa suggestions were ehae the FMSX shoe number have s ig n ific a n c e , such aa: the #11 would indicate 1" vide shoe, 012 would in d icate a 1-1/4" vide sho, aad a p refix would be used eo indicate eh eyp of brake such aa 01 fo r non^ervo, 02 for servo, e tc . The suggestion vaa also mad chat sho nusdrs be assigned without s lp lf ic a n c e as to dimensions and usage. In 1954 cha aabrs modified resoludons on Xnstleute a c tiv itie s co parale a c tiv itie s other than ju s t eha providing of prints and assigning of numbers :cr Daca Book work. Th mmbers adopted an enabling resolution eo prale study of the p o s s ib ility of eha In stitu e proceeding with the gathering of sales s t a t is e le . L ater, a S ta e lse lc s Cornaleta vaa formed to study and make recoasaendaeionr co che Board of D irecto rs. During Mr..Wayburn's adm inistration. Fiber aad Mst a l Products In c. changed ic s name co Easco Asbescos Company. (Lasco was la ta r acquired by the Themoid Company.) U .S . Spring and Bumper Company of Los Angelas was acquire by a new corporation S ilv e r Line Company. A lso , at thia time the Thermoid 7 -- M tiso L i M r Joined che Institute whn Jurid-Werk* o Weac Germeny w u accepted. Up t i l th is clan che only 8*giooe Mnnber* M n che Canadian d B ritish * ocijtion m j up f -d ifferen t * u f accurate I * th United PP*d fo t ad was !MPC<4 . to t0 M l MMb.r ln l S 3 - h . la *U *b fr t e t . lU c .r U U tico! A !v y r> U t t th . E n ,U .h FtletloB taM elulOB u c o c in e with -tho B ritish Broke Lining Manufacturera y i o d o e l to form the Britioh Friccin Maten.!* C o c i i which i* o t i U a Ingtonsl "eaber o< tho taotituco. Iaeeltu ta roturnod to Now York C ity to hold ito onauol m f n h t p -- tS J l 9 n 2 d J o 1955 ot tho Co-odoro H otel. Except to t tho s n i i a l ^ e c i n g in Juno 1933 o i l ouch a tin g e hod boon oc tho Co--odoro. 1933 1936. WILLIAM NAMFELDT. PRIBIDPT At tho Juno 1955 meeting Mr. William J . Nonfoldc of tho World Bootoo Corpora tion woo oloccod oo Proo done. Mr. Nonfoldc hod boon active la tho Znotltuto during chooo oorly yooro. Mr. Loo Sullivan of Buoooll Manufacturing woo oloccod Vico-Proflidonc. During Mr. Nonfoldc'o corn, tho H istorical Saleo Prograa got underway. I t cook tho torn of a oonthly report based on a questionnaire sbale cod to tho sabers hip. Tho firo e report gathered data on an annual bools bock to 1947 and on a monthly basis vieh flguroe for t 1934 and 1955, and than vent on a current basis for 1936. Tho data woo sent to the accounting firm of Ernst and Erase in Now York City for compilation. Of tho twenty-one members, 17 meabero participated in the o rig in al H istorical Salas Prograa. The Data Book and Technical Cottralteee under it s Chairman, Mr. Al Daly of Scandinavia B olting, was p a rtic u la rly active during 1956. Four committee meetings vero hold. The Committee set up the s u ffix syscea to be used for capered lin in g s . The s u ffix T indicated a can grind on sacondary lin in g s . Tha s u ffix TT indicated a can grind on both prinory and secondary. Considerable time woo opone on shoo drawings and ?MSI shoo assignments, but the absence of drawings iron the p rin cip a l shoe manufac turers delayed work during 1935-56. I t was decided, however, thee the FMSI would noe Include che FMSI shoo number drawings ln tho Data Book and some oehor presentation would be required. The Committee considered the p o ssib ility of gathering induetrial sp ecifica tio n s. However, four In d u s tria l equipment manufacturers were contacted end only one rep lied , with chat one in d icatin g chat i t would not provide th is inform ation. Tha idea 8  ;n ii The Data k k and Technical C o itt e e pane coaaldarahla t i m aeeaeiag to aeaadardlsa bonded segment lengths. I t van proposed ce have standard w d r llla d segment i l u i aad a m a^arlag Tact for e h . Information vaa lacharad on paaaaagar car aad lifh e truck sagmaaca la l " to 3-1/2" videha Thla standardised alca prograa for d r i l l e d segments v m somewhat sim ilar to a subsequent aceaape ae aeaadardlsaeion aad coaaolldaelea of n a ls a a . Tha data vaa disc ributad to aaabara with suggestions that further work b couaidarad la cha araa of consolidation of uadrlllad s e e n t s . However, easy aaaufaceurara vara already providing chair ova varalea of ataadardlaad alaaa for the u adrlllad segment market. Among other Itaaa atudlad vae a aafacy campaign alogea Involving recoamaadatloae by aaahars. Thla alogea vae to be ueed oa lettarheede aad la brake llo ln g ile a ratura to promote automotive aafety. During chia buey year Mr. w illiam Naafaldt gave conelderable tla e to the In e tltu te . In May 1936, Mr. Naafaldt died exp ected ly aad Mr. Lao Sullivan of Ruaaell Manufacturing, the Vica-Prealdent, took over hie r e s p o n s ib ilitie s . Reaolu t ions vara paaaad both by tha Meaberahlp aad by the Board of Directors honoring Mr. Nanfelde for hla contrlbutiona to tha la e tie u c e , exprtsslng th eir deepeat sympathy to Mr. N anfeldt'a f s a lly . Mr. Dick R ile y , vho vea la ta r to become president of Firestone Tire and Rubber, took over aa tha * delegate from World Bescos. 1956-1937. LEO SULLIVAN. PRESIDENT At the June 1936 meeting, Mr. Leo Sullivan of Ruasell Manufacturing vho had taken over as acting President a fte r Mr. Nanfelde' s death, vaa elected President for the next f ls c e l year. Mr. W illlaa Vachout of the Molded Materials Division of C a rlis le Corporation vae elected Vtce-Praeideae. There vaa considerable a c tiv ity ae regards membership In 1936-37. The Johns-M anvllle Corporation, which had joined during che FMSX reorganisa tion as an A ssociate Member, elected to transfer aad bacome aa Active Member. In ed d ltlo n . Auto F rictio n Corporation joined the In e tltu te in 193 7. There ves also a new Regional Member admitted: DLt Plaetlcoe do B r a s il, S .A . In 1936-57 there vaa a reorganisation of erada associations in Greet B ritain end chare now vea one Regional Mambar, eha B ritish F rictio n Materials Council. There vaa considerable pressure exerted by rebuilders aad others to gat a brake shoe psograa underway. Tha Automotive Pares Rabullders Aasocistion (A?HA) Indicated that they vould go ahead vlch a shoe program of chair own. Wagner had- ch air own shoe id o a tifica e io n catalog aad would not parale lea use by che FMSI. Thera ware d i f f i c u lt ie s in g ettin g ahoa lafo raatlo o from Sendix because, of th e ir in sisten ce that shoe lis tin g s be made In tha Automotive Data Book. Moraine iudicaced that they ware overwhelmed v ith 9 - -- wii psraouaai Available tor ho d ra ria ci. i t v u i UUu c d ch*c eh Institute |o ahead ih0 information they had eo |c a program started. Apparently char vaa enough praaaura baiof axartad that so m typa of ahoa idoneiflcation would hara eo ba presented eo eha fi id. Tha Data Book and Tachalcal Comnlttea alao worked on acaadardlfad banded segmenta proposing a coding system. Thar vara flva or six dlffaraac bonding aagmat program in eha fla ld and i t van auggaatad that thia program ba hold up eo vale aeeloa by eha SAE. Illuatraeiooa of eha various program for beading aagmnca had baas dlatrlbutad eo naabara bue no auch acandard ayaean vaa p acifically propoaad by tha Zaacltuta. Som aaabara conelauad to express dlaaaela- faction with tha f la t faa for Actlva Members and a auggaaeion waa mad ehae eha faa ba baaad on catagorlaa auch aa on faa for braka lin in g manufacturara, nochar faa for braka block nanufacturara, and nochar faa for cluech facing manufaceurars rich additional faaa for choaa in aora chan on caeagory. * 1957-1959. WILLIAM VACHOUT. PRESIDENT Mr. William Vachouc of eha Moldad Macarial Olvtalon of C a rlia la vaa alacced Presidcr.c and Mr. Gaorga Lamaon of Tharmoid vaa alactad Vica-Praaidanc in Juna 1957. The Data Book and Technical Commiet vaa p a rticu la rly activa holding flv a committee meeclngs in eha f lr s c f is c a l yaar and four mattinga in eha sacond year. Their work waa eoncaneracad on bondad segment slaaa and braka ahoa id e n tific a tio n . Mr. Arc L itc h fie ld of Raybaaeos-Maabattan succeeded Mr. Al Daly of Scandinavia Balelng aa Chairman of th is com ieeaa. Among it ana concerning eha Coanieeaa vaa a Pennsylvania Law requiring eruck braking surf acts eo have ae le a st 90 lin in g langth par ahoa with a maxima of 120* length. Alao slnearad m e ta llic lin in gs vara iaeroducad on Gaaaral Motors paaaangar vahiclaa during th is period. That ware developd by eha Moraine Division of General Motors and eha Inseleuta assigned FMSX nuabara in a new 900 Series for the segm nea. The vara used prim arily for police and ta x i operations but vara availab le options on several paaaangar v eh icle. Work on bonding segment alxaa vaa rafarrad back and forth baewaan tha Board and eha Coomitt because of d ifferences aa regards p a c ific reconaandactona on bondad segment s iz e s . Thar vara aaay alsaa ahoem and chtsa vara cross rafarancad to PMSI numbers. I t vaa raeonmeadad that members use bonding segment sizes as chay saw f i r . 10 ---- rw M aa t u c i n c ccelo la 19S8. That catalog Had daca o Aaatteaa aada passenger can asd light trucka Itm K ick to WlUy*. Sum nameplates in the fin e 1954 eaealoi vara Da Soco, Ideal, SadaoB* Lalaar-fraaar, Packard aod Scudabakar. Tha fin e shoe auaban ran roa l eo 41, and included alaaa roa 4 x 1-1/4" thru 13 x 4". Than v a n ao d isc brake ahoaa la th is f l r t c catalog. Pub11cat le a o f th la catalog vaa tha raaule of aavaa p a a n o f verk and dapaadad oa the cooperation of braka ahoa aaaafaetusaxa uch aa Beadlx, Moraine, Vagner, Chrysler and Kelaep-Hspas. Three oev Regional Meaban v e n accepted bp the In s titu te . Autoaoblle Producto of India and Prendeco S te d lle of B raall joined la 1934, and Fabrlak of Holland joined la 1959. Basco and Aabeetoa Manufacturing Coapaap (Anco) v a n aargad Into tha Theraold Division of R .I . Portal Company, In c. Rita Sat Manufacturing dlacontlanad lea aanbenhlp In 1939. Inland Manufacturing D lvlaion o f General Moeon vhlch had jolnad aa en Aaeodate Menber, raalgnad In 1939. American Brakablok Dlvlaion of baric Brake Shoe Company Indicated lea Intention to dlaeontlnue aa an Aaaoclete Meabar in the In e tlc u te , and become a f u l l Aeelve Menber la Ju ly 1939. Becauac of the aaelgnaant of FMSI ahoa numbers and tha publication of the nev Brake Shoe Id e n tific a tio n C atalo g, tha In s titu te 's Conecltution vaa amended co I n it ia t e a nev aeoberahlp c la a a lfle a c lo n for brake ahoa manufac tu rer*. Thla vaa la t e r to become the Li canaca type member*h ip . In addition, the Membership voted co change the fee formula from a f la t charge per Active Member to a formula with a baalc fee plua aa additional fee depending upon the categories in vhlch a member p articip ated . At les inception th la formula c a lle d for a $300 baalc fee plua $230 per category. The categories vera (1) brake lin in g s and lined brake shoes; (2) brake blocks; and (3) clu tch fa c in g s . A fee formula baaed on categories had beer, suggested and revised several times and vaa eo form tha basis for a formule that vaa co be la e ffa c e for the In s titu te through the 1970's. At the June 1939 Meeting at the Edgeveter Beech Hotel la Chicago, the Board of D irectors honorad the outgoing Prasldane of tha In s titu te , Mr. W illiam Vachout of C a r lls la , and Mr. Frad Vepbuma of Baadlx and Mr. Lao S u l l l v u of Ruaaoll vho had o a r lla r served aa Praaldants of tha la a t lt u t a . -these svards v e rt in recognition of the contributions aada by thaaa formar Praaldants during tha formative years of PMSX. 11 - kwwiw wiVISlOU VM actaa fi iid a c and Mr. Richard Riley of World k to v u elected VicPraa^dant. Mr. Riley resigned u Director ad VIee-Prealdent in i960 ad Mr.- Jass McGovern of Rsybaatoa-Mamhsccan, la c . vaa lactad to sueeaau Mr. Rllay a V ica-Prasidant. With eh aert of eh !MSI brake ho nunbers ad eh Braka Shoa Id e n tifi cation* Catalog, and eh rcauleing new membership e la s a ific a tio o , four braka ahoa aanufaeturtra war adalcead eo eha la a titu t ia 1959: Pe-Adeo Corpora elon, Pick Manufaceuring Company, National Traaaport Incorporated, ad C ad illac Seaal Autoaoelva Produce Corporacloa. Thar vara naaa chaagaa and raorganisation by son Active Member*. Tha Bendix Aviation Corporation bacaaa tha Bandlx Corporation. Scaadiaavla Baiting bacaaa Scandura ad tha World Banco Compiuij bacana d iv isio n of Plraaeona Tiro and Rubber -Coapany. Lonafraio do B ra sil waa admitted am a Rational Membar in 1960. Unlvarsal F rictio n M atarlala D ivision (of Soaring Tool Company) was admitted as an Active Member ia 1960. Fabraik of Bollaae which had joined as a Rational Member in 1959, resigned in 1960, aad eha Atlas Asbestos Company also resigned as aa Active Member la 1960. Erase aad Ernst Company who had baaa sarv ieing eha H is to ric a l Sales Program advised that some members had discontinued submitting data and they questioned eha value o f continuing with the H iseo rlcal Salas Prograa. A fter several discussions at meetings ie was resolve chat the In s titu te would suspend eha Histories Salas Program and seek eo e aliae additional members to p a rticip ate in the prograa. The H iseorical Sales Program was suspended in 1961. The f ir s t s ig n ific a n t use of disc braka lining: appeared ia 1960 when several assignments were mede In ehe 1960 Supplemene eo the Automotive Oeee Book. Theee esalgnmenes were prlmerily on B ritish passenger ears such as tha Jaguar. MG and Triumph. George Lamaon--Presidant In 1960 the Annuel Meeting vae held at Castle 1959-1961 in the Clouds, Lookout Mountain, Tennessee. This was eha f i r s t dapartura from eha Saw Yc-* and Chicago matting lo ca tio n s. Tha follow ing yaar tha meeting was held at the French Lick Sheraton in French L ick , Indiana. During ehia adm inistrate: the fee formula vaa ravlsad to makt a separata in d ivid u al eatagory out of re lined braka shoes. (This would subaaquanely ba ravlsad to new unlinad brake shots.) ' 12 L --------- lo a u isn Association (AiL) fop n m , sftcy standards. fop brake lin in g . In cha meanwhile b i l l wee introduced in eh Pennsylvania legialaeu re co scabliah requirements for braka lin in g uad on vohielaa in ehae acaca. Thia waa co ba cha forerunner of a c tiv ity in ochar caca. 7 1961-1963. JAMES McCOVBW. PRESIDENT Hr. James MeCovam of Raybaatoo-Manhattan waa alaetad President and Mr. S. Arthur Smith of S llv a r Lina waa alaeead Vica-Praaidane at tha 1961 Matting. Tha Data Book and Tachnical Coanictaa did conaldarabla work on lmprovaaaaee and changaa co cha Braka Shoo Id an cificatio n Catalog in lin a with auggaaclona by Conleeaa oaabara. Thar waa a a ig n ific a n t ra-daaign in layout of eha catalog. Tha catalog axpandad eo includa 174 drua b r A a ahoaa. Expanaion of cha catalog co Includa eha fir a c foraign ahoaa (Volkavagn and Volvo) waa coop lac a In eha 1962 Braka Shoa Id a n cifica tio n Caealog. Tha Committee r-aeudid eha ida of aaaignmanca for aueonatie transmission band and cha Inaeituea one quaationnairaa co aavaral vah icla aanufacturara. Rapliaa wart aichar nagaciva or not forthcoming. I t waa dacidad eo auapand a c tiv ity aa regards automatic transmission bands. ( a sp ecial cornmiccaa was sac up co study eha fe a s ib ilit y of a braka servica manual but because of c o n flic tin g requirements of cha members tha Committaewas disbanded without action being taken. Rockwall Axle introduced cha Seopmascer brake in 1962. The Technical Cormaiteca reviewed th is and o rig in a lly recommended SM c la s s ific a c io n for th is brake. This was later changed co the WT or wedge type brake. Three Regional Members in 3 ra zil resigned or discontinued chair membership in the In stitu te at th is dm . SLR Plasclcos do B r a s il, Francisco S ta d ile , and Lonafreio do B ra sil a l l rtslgnad btcauat of d iff ic u lt ie s in payment of funds from B rasil eo the United Sesces. In addition. Universal Friction M aterials Company resigned as an Active Member. A sp ecial committee to scudy the Constitution and tha im plications of membership of brake shoe"manufacturers was set up. Bssad on th is Committea's recommendations the brake shoe manufacturing membership waa discontinued and in it s place eha Lieanaaa c la s s ific a t io n waa established . This would permit p a rticip atio n by ad d ition al manufacturers without cha overall benefits of membership. In June 1962 tha ftaabarshlp mac again at the French Lick Sheracoo in French L ick , Indiana. In 1963 ehay mac at the Westchester Counety Club, Kye, Sew York, with chase laae mattings s p o licy had bean established eo hold tne Annual Meeting at resort type a r e a s .- ________ -- w; wn* ofc M r i c x s t m c i S tu d y C o w l e c and th eir approval vas recotananded to the Board of Diract ora. Tha Board approved-chi* work at tha Juna 1977 masting. Tha In stitu te returned to Inal*brook la Tarpon Sp rin t*, Florid* for eh* Juna 1976 Annual M aatlnt. Ac th is Maatlaf tha In a tltu ta ln ltla ta d I t* f i n annual g o lf tournament with Mr. John Moor* of Raddavay Maaufaeeurlaf Corporation traveled to uthe tha f ir s "''allay t coumaaane -- the Sun" champion, la at M arriott's June 1977 Caaslback eh* In atltu ta Inn Scottsdale Arizona. At this ra ttin g Dr. H. C. lavineohn, Corporate Medical Director of Raybescos-Ksnhactan addressed the Membership. His presentation dealt with occupational sxposur* to asbestos from a medical viewpoint. * * * * iV ..'is r.is: :i:r.s. 9 - rev_u.-ethdroaucgthi vJi ut ireas o f the In stitu te and 1977 war* highlighted. it s predecessor organ Tha history 1* a * - r e f f o r t s end foresight of many individuals who faced d iff* - = - : r . a v . C o un -2 tthl e e s1sc ghoiusrs a--nared snvaAnr". u dlaut reirnyg the actio nraowrhgi. - " r o u g h th. ocr.tinvsd t i f i r r s of individuals 3~i J tn In tiT M t* raoras