Document zQeegqjv8wD90XedmGVvQG3b7

Lay translation which should be verified by medical translator. Deutsche Medizinische V'/ochenschrift, 8 (43), P 2034-2037, 1973 'On the So-called Vinylchloride Di8ease,, By S. Jtthe, E. Lange, G. Stein, and G. Veltman University Skin Clinic of Bonn Director: Prof. Dr. Leinbrock Since 1958, when the first information on the hazardous health aspects to workers in the vinylchloride manufacturing industries was found, and especially since 1963, when the same effects were found affecting workers in the polyvinylchloride industry (PVC), and through further reports on this subject (3, 4, 1% 8, 12, 28), attention has been drawn to thiE branch of the chemical industry. This deals with a disease similar to a skin and bone affecting scleroderma, but a disease un explainable in etiology and pathogenesis. The main symp toms of this have been the Raynaud syndrome, nodular to large area dense skin alterations and band-like osteolysis in the finger phalanges. We could report our first observations on this disease type in Germany in 1972 (15, 16, 17). As the clinical picture was at first comparable to a specialised form of progressive scleroderma, we submitted all employees to a painstaking SPI -13024 3 the nail plate). We saw scleroderma-like skin alterations In 8 patients: small knots or more spread out; very coarse and relatively sharply defined, usually covering the surface skin projecting infiltrate on the outstretched hands, the distal third of the arms under the elbow, and the area of the cheeks. Three patients had no clinical skin alterations. The histology findings of the excision specimens (from the left or right hands) of all patients were relatively uni form. Besides hyperorthocytosis and epidermidosis, there was an expansion and increase of capillaries in the upper cutis. An increase, widening and homogenation of the collagen bundle and a clear rarefaction and fragmentation of the elastic fibers was evident. The same findings in the epi dermis and the fibers of the upper cutis were proven to exist in the patients without clinical skin alterations. The histology alterations in the epidermis and the collagen connective tissues are similar to the edematosis to infiltra tive stage of progressive scleroderma. Here, however, a clearly defined border is seen between that of possible but to some extent considerable injury of the elastic fibers and the vessel alterations. So far, circulation disturbances are the most common symptomc: Nine of thirteen patients complained of this, and in fact eight of them gave this complaint as their first symptom. The degree of complaint ranged from increased sensitivity to the cold, and "akrozyanose" to the Raynaud SPI -13026 4 syndrome (four patients). The circulation obstruction could be Judged objectively with the aid -of temperature measure ments, determination of the time required to rewarm after exposure to the cold, capillary microscopy, and arm-hand arteriography. In no case did oscillography and plethysmo graphy result in a certain pathological prognosis. From this, one can ascertain that the origin of the circulation obstruction is in the periphery and not in immediate range . of the large blood vessels. This consideration is supported by the angiographic and capillary microscopy results. Four patients with sensitivity to the cold were proven to have ampule-like widenings of the capillaries in the nail Joints -Just as described in the Raynaud syndrome (1/f). All seven patients who underwent arteriography showed pathological vessel images. The alterations ranged from a slight narrow ing of the Aa. digitales palmares propriae et communes with ^single segmentary localized closure^ to a high degree of stenosis and segmentary closures, and even to the extent of -the loss of contents by the arteries in the entire length `of the finger and clear stenosis of the entire hand Joints. After the examination until this point, it appeared that a direct relationship existed between the length of exposure and the amount of vessel damage. The most obvious x-ray results of this disease were the band-like osteolysis between Processul unguicularis and the phalangen on single or all fingers in six of the patients. SPI -13027 5 In addition, fragmentation and border defects of the Pro cessus unguiculares could be found in six patients. It is also possible to determine different degress of bone alter ation: in light cases only a small lytic zone is visible, and in the advanced stage the phalange is almost fully de stroyed and the Processus unguiculares mounts onto the basis of the phalanx cap-like. A full restitution of the bone is not to be expected based upon the facts at this time (23*24). Remarkable herein is the solid correlation of acroosteolysis and the club-like expansion of the end phalanges. Thus, the 'drumstick fingers" are an expression of the lytic bone process and not of an internal disease. An examination of the blood building system and coagu lation draws our attention to this remarkable finding: all thirteen patients showed light to serious thrombopeny. The thrombozytic count lay repeatedly between 30,000 and T19*0C0/^la.JI (under a normal limit of 150,0C0Ac) In a -sternal puncture given to six patients in search for an 'explanation, there resulted in no case a reference to the ^obstruction of the'thrombosytopoese" , osteomyelofibrosis, or osteomyelcsclerose. The other examinations showed no deviations from the norm, except for a slight reticulocis in eight patients (between 16 and 26 %), and a slight leu kopenia in five patients (2350 to 3950 leudocytes/^JL ). Reticulosis and leukopenia may be caused by the splenomegaly / in the twelve patients. At this time, it is not clear if SPI -13028 6 the thrombopeny is also so caused, but it is probable that it deals with a turnover disturbance or an increase in disin tegration in the periphery. It was observed in the anamnese that three patients re ported recidivisic pain in the left upper abdomen and one patient reported pain in the right upper abdomen and a feel ing of fullness, as earlier diseases of "Leber and Milz," yet long-time intake of medicines or extreme alcoholism were not discerned. However, three patients without the scleroderalike skin condition and acroosteolysis had record histories pointing to a chronic liver ailment (Esophagus varices bleed ing, splenoral anastomosis;portal hypertonus; esophagus varices, splenomegaly.). The bromosulfaline retention was clearly increased, but by comparison the values for serumtransaminase and-phosphates were for the most part nothing out of the ordinary. This discrepancy could also be proven in the other ten patients. Four patients had esophagus varices, and in twelve cases splenomegaly was proven scintallgraphically. The laparoscopic and liver biopsy results of five patients, which were available to us at the end of 1972* showed remarkable agreement: surface area of the liver clearly or finely waved, capsule fibrosis, increased bloodand lymph-vessels, histologicaly a slight to clear fibrosis of the portal system and indifidual cell necrosis, and slight coarse fat droplets. The result, that we could further ver ify at this time let us express the following theory: Except SPI -13029 7 for the slightly toxic alterations of the liver cells, this results from the expansion of the connective tissues in the portal system into the diffuse circulation in the liver* In advanced stages this leads to an interhepatic block (most like ly because of the hinderances in the height of the portal system, possibly similar to a sinusoidal block), with esophagus varices. It remains to be found if the splenomegaly is only is a secondary condition or if this primarily the direct result of toxic changes. Of nine patients examined in the lung functions (anamnese, x-rays, .spirometry, entire body plethysmography, and blood gas analysis) after references pointed to mainly restrictive alterations, eight of these patients showed partial insuffi ciencies. Further research must be undertaken to determine if these disturbances can be traced back to the fact that similar changes occur in the lungs as in the collagen and elastic supporting tissues of the skin, that is, that a beginning diffuse lung fibrosis is the cause of these dis turbances. The Initiating Factor This paper is concerned with an industry-caused disease, in which the symptoms include (arranged in order of most common occurrence) thrombopeny, splenomegaly, toxic liver damage, ventilation blockage, circulation obstruction, and skin and bone alteration. This- complex of symptoms has not yet been SPI - 13030 8 been assigned to a known syndrome. It is unexplained etioiogically and pathogenically. Is it possible to obtain a certain insight in the etiology and pathogenesis by a comparison of our results with those previously recorded in literature? What is then possible to be the initiating factor? At a simultaneous pressure and temperature increase, liquid vinylchloride is polymerized to polyvinylchloride with the addition of water and various additives, depending upon the different properties desired. In different countries, independent of the additive type, the Raynaud syndrome and acroosteolysis was present in workers cleaning autoclaves. The symptoms appear so characteristic that it lead in the past year to the disease designation of "occupationallyconditioned acroosteolysis" and was advanced to a diagnosis position (28). It is not assumed that the additives, differ ing by type, country of production and methods, play an import ant role, but the harmful combination of these with the vinylphloride can not be completely excluded. Therefore vinylchloride, the substance present in the largest amount, be comes the main point of our interests. The monomer vinylchloride is pumped over a closed system of an autoclave. The exit possibilities of the gas - and thus the inhalation possibilities - consist then in more places within the production process: 1. Permeability of the autoclaves (intake and offtake) SP1 -13031 9 during polymerization and recovery processes* 2. In the discharging and opening of the autoclaves as well as in the drying process of the finished polyvinylchloride. The residual gas consists of up to 90% vinylchloride (6) and often leads to leaden tiredness and short-lasting disorientation in the employees. 3* From the polymer precipitation on the walls of the kettles. Therefore, from the technical viewpoint, it is completely possible that vinylchloride initiates the hereby described disease. Some facts are already known about the effect of vinyl chloride on human and animal organisms. The narcotic effects have long been recognized (22). Since 1958, reports have re peatedly been made concerning the angioneurotic obstructions and the Raynaud syndrome in workers (1, 10, 21). In the literature one finds single references to the intoxication of vinylchloride, wherein a reversible dizziness, light to very noticeable giddiness, disorientation, skin appearing as a 2-degree burn, and lessened blood coagulation have been determined symptoms (6, 9* 11)* One worker died as a re sult of poisoning. With the use of experiments involving animals, lung odem, blood congestion in the lung% liver, and kidneys, as well as decreasing blood coagulation could be proven (20). In long term experiments it was possible to produce centrolobular degeneration in the liver and necrosis with foamy vacuolization as well as periportal cellular infiltration (26). SPI -13032 10 Recently, reports were made concerning skin, lung, and bone tumors and obstructions in the bone' structure (27)* These results, based on animal experiments, lead again in 1970 to a depression of the MAK (maximum occupation concentration) to 100 ppm (13)* It is not yet known to us the regulations concerning gas concentrations at the occupational site* The symptoms related in the framework of this disease (Raynaud syndrome, toxic liver changes, obstruction in the bone compositions and prenarcotic syndrome) may then be pro duced by vinylchloride* Thus, in the knowledge of the occu pational site we can express the conjecture that long term exposure to vinylchloride is at least a, if not even the -disease-initiating factor. The fact that the name "occujaationally-caused acroosteolysis" hints only at a not necessarily determining symptom shows that a new name should be coined. V/e have proposed the designation "so-called Vinylchloride disease" for this syndrome because this disease, influenced by the participation of numerous organs, obtains the character of a system disease. Pathogenesis The pathogenesis is, as before, unexplained. On the basis of our research we discussed the theory that the disease as a pathogenetic principle in the furthest sense is caused by an obstruction on the connective tissue or the vessel connective tissue. In addition, as our theory shows that the toxic agent is effective not only per inhalationem, but SPI -13033 11 also perkutan, the fact exists that only uncovered main arteries exhibit scleroderma-like coatings and that the band-like os teolysis iB only found on the finger phalanges. We saw sclerOderma-like skin alterations as well as acroosteolytosis only in workers who had worked a long period with the cleaning of autoclaves. This can perhaps be explained by the fact that 600-1000 ppm of vinylchloride could be measured in the area of the autoclave walls (5)* As an indication based upon the obstruction of the connective tissues, we saw the qualitative and quantitative alterations of the skin and the multipli cation of collagenic fibers in the portal system of the liver. The increase and expansion of the capillaries was visible by capillary microscopy and histology in the upper cutis, in addition to the peripheral circulation obstruction proved clinically, angiographically, and thermographically* Even the alteration of the bone (osteolysis as a result of trophic obstruction by damage to the vasa nutricia) and the lung (restrictive and obstrictive ventilation blockage) can be synonomously explained. The prognosis of the disease judged quite optimistically by earlier literature-appears quite serious to us, especially with, respect to thrombopeny, splenomegaly, and portal hypertension. According to our observations of alterations in the bone, this disease should 6e judged with reserve. Consequences for the Practice The triassic formation of this disease system, serious SPI -13034 12 prognosis and relatively high mortality (from our investigation tV7 certainly more than 10%) has led prevailingly youn men to sol icit us to place the following suggestions: Execution of epidemologic and preventative medical experi mental tests. In our opinion, it is not sufficient any more to search for only Raynaud syndromes and knotty skin alter ations because these symptoms , as characteristic as they are, already show the advanced stage of disease. Perhaps more important, controls to determine the thrombozytic count in regular time periods should be given to all employees of PVCproducing industries. This should take workers with a con stant thrombopeny out of this branch of the industry, as this appears to be the first objective symptom, before further and more serious internal damage occurs. 2. No employment given to those with liver diseases or circu latory problems. 3 Regular gas concentration measurements in different work sites to avoid exceeding the MAK limit. Experienced tech nical improvement with the goal of greatest possible automation, andimprovement of the ventilation conditions to reduce the possibilities of gas inhalation to the lowest amount possible. Compensation to diseased workers and recognition of this disease as liable to indemnity by inclusion in the list of BKVO. 5* More research, especially with animals, using vinylchloride with special consideration to the skin, bones, lungs, liver, and spleen. SPI -13035 13 BIBLIOGRAPHY: Literatut^ (1) Anphefcuu, M. Ot<iu. F. (Hihri* iKtcw, L, C Dohrin.:wu. V. Carci: Consulcraiii cUnMro*pstfteriu.< j%upn f-.Miomcnuiui Raynaud la ,-nnci>fri Jm tmJutfria polieJomrii de \:ml. McJ. interna (Buc.) 21 (1949). 472. (I) latalin, A. V.. A. K. Vitin. A. C. Kochetkov: On the pathogcresi* f changes developing doe to a lung* tern exposure to the effect of vinyl* chloride. Gig. Tf. plot. Zabol. 16 (1972), 24. 0) Outelam, A.. P. Moulton: Un syndrome d'acro-o>teo!>ic d'origine professionelle et de constition nouvelk en Prance. J. Radiol. Elcarul. 41 (1947), 277. (4) Cordier, J. M.t C. Fiev. M. J. left*re, A. Sevrin: Actoosrcolysc ct Ihioni cutjnees a&soctecs chez deux omtkn affectcs au nenoyage d*au<<v daves* Cah. .Med. Travail 4 (1944), J. 0) Cook. W. A., P. M. Ciever, B D. Diaman, H. j. Magnuson: Occupational OClDOStcolysis. 11. An indutrrial hygiene study. Arch, environm. Hlth 22 (1571). 74. (4) Daoaigcr, H.; Accidental poisoning By vinyl chloride. Caoad. mcd. Assoc. J. B2 (1940), 122. # (7) Dinman, B. D., W. A. Cook, V. M. Whitehousc, H. ?. Magnuson; Occupational actoosteolyris. 1. An epidemiological snidy. Arch, envitunm. HIth 22 (1971), 41. 0) Dodson, V. N., B. D. Dinnun, W, M. Whitehouse, A. N. M. Nisr. H. J. Magnuson: Occupational acroo- teolysii. HI. A clinical study. Arch, mmconm. HI* 22 (1971), 82. Dublin, L. J., R. J. Vane: Occupa tional hazards and diagnostic science. Bulletin No. 222 0933). Bulletin No. 41 0941), U.S.A. Dept. Labor; xiiicrt in: Dafltfger (4). ftirhuUtioft. Fortchungthcrichte del Lan* dcs NorJrhcin*WcMfilen. Nr. 1585 (Wetrdcumhcr Verlag Koin 1944). (15) Jiihe, 5.. C. Vcltmin: Zvr Kunik dcr tog. Vmylthlorid-kra.Viirioi), Inter* natinnalcs Symposium dcr 'Xcrksirztc dcr <hcmi*dicft Industrie. 27. 4. 1972. (14) J-ihe $., C.-E. Lange: Sclcrodermieanise Hautverandcrungen, RaynaudSyndrom und Akroos'roJtscn oei Ar* beitem dcr FVC-herstcIlenden Industrie. DtsJi. mcd. Wsdir. 97 (197^, 1922. (17) Juhc* $., C.-E. Lange. G. Stein. G. Veltman: Zur Klimk dcr sog. Vinyl* chlorid'Krankheit. jahresta/or.g Deutsche Ccsclischaft fur Arbeitsmedizifi, 26. 10. 1972. (15) Lange, C.-E., S. Jiihe, G. $rein. G. Vcltma;i: Die sog. Vin>)ioridKranUieit - tine bcruftbcd;r.gre System* sklcrose? Int. Arch. Artxitsocd., im Druck. (19) Lange, C.-E., S. Jiihe, H. J. Marstejler, R. Mjlier, G. Yeltr-ir.: Leber* seniden im Rahmcn dersog. Vinyl* chlorid-Krankhcic. Jahrcstagung Deut sche Cescilschafr fur Arleioauditia IS. S. 1972. (20) Mastromaneo, E., A. M. Fisher, H. Christie, H. Danziger: Aco* inha lation toxicity of vinyl chloride to laboratory animals. Amer. induMr., Hyg. Ass. J. 21 (1960j 294; zisicn in: Malten, K. E.. R. L. Ziclhuia (cd.); Industrial Toxicology and Deraurolcgy in the Production and Processing of Ptasrica (Elsevier*. Amsterdam 1944), (21) O'Conner, R. B.: A new ocoipationsl diseaK it bom. J. occup. Med. 12 (1970), 234. (22) Peoples. A. S.. C. D. Leake: The anesthetic action of vinly chloride. J. Pharmacol, exp. Ther. *8 (1923), 2S4. (23) Stein, G., S. Jiihe, C.-L. La&ge, G. Veltman: Band/ormige OfTcolyseii in den Endphalangen dcs Haedskeietri. Fortschr. Rrintgcmtr. US (1973), 60. (10) Filatova, V. S., L. J. Balakhonova, (24) Stein, G.. S. Jiihe. C.-E. Lange. E. S. Gronsberg: Hygiene conditions in G. Veltman: SkelettveranderungeB hei dC production vf vinyl chloride. Gig. der sog. VinyldiloriJ K/ankjot. Tr. prof. Zabol I (1939), 4; zinert in Ronrgenpraxis, im Dmdc. Public Health Eajdo. Absrr. 40 (1940) Ko. 4, p. 4. (22) Suciu, )., J, Drejmao, M. Valaskai: Contribotu la studiul imholnsvirUor 0!) Harris, D. K.: Health problems in produsc de clurvra de viniT. Med. manufacture and use of plastics. inrenu (Buc.) IS (1943), 947. Brit. J. irvdusrr. Med. 10 (1923). 222; linen in: Miheo. K. E., R. L. Ziclhuis <ed.): Industrial Toxicology and Derma* Oology in the Production and Procexing of Plastics (EUener: Amsterdam 1944). 142. (ID Harris. D. W. C. F. Adams: (26) TorkeUon, T, K.. F. Oym. V. K. Kowe: The toxicity of vinyl chloride as determined by repeated exposure to laboratory animals. Amer. toduttr. Hyg. AJS. J. 22 (1961). 259; zhierr in: Malcen, K. E , R. L. Ziclhuis UJ ): lndutrial Tuxiculogy and Dermatology Acro-Ottentais occurring in men engaged in the Producrion and Protcss;ng of 8a (Be polymer.iactun of vinyl ddonJe. Flatties (Elsevier: Amsterdam 1964). Brit. med. J. 1947.2. 712. |277 Vk*1a, t. L., A. Bigoni. A. Caputo: (13) Hmuhler, H. (Hnj )- Cetund* On.'ugenic respunte of tat skaa. lungs, heiuschldltdte Arbeirssiorie. Tuttkulo* and bones to vinyl chloride. Cancer gitdi-arbcttsmedtiniid> Brgnindung ton Ret. 21 (1971), 516. MAK*Wcrtett (V'eriag Chcroie: Warn* heia 197}). (21) Wilson, R. H., W. E. McComide, C F. Tatum, J. L. Cre<h: Ocmpitional - (14) Jacoby, H.: Periphtre Durchblu- acmosteolysia. J. Amer. med. Au. 201 iwnpLratikhciten im Spiegel dcr Mtkro* (1967), 777. i Dr. Sunnne Jiihe. Dr. C.-E. Lange. Dr. G. Stein, Prof. Dr. G. Veltmin Univerj:tats-Hu:k!inik 53 Bonn 1, Venusberg SPI -13036 23181 Chemical A j.-tracts , Tol. 79, 1973 n intracellular media in all }>cisons undci iinty. ' !i<* O level in :.s (lusrv.; .m, K. A. G. (Aktieholag naheo n, nlnod plasma decreased with age. The 7 level .n intracellular Svt; 352,817 (Cl. H Old). 15 Jan 1973, Appl MT3/V. . .'ey media iuercased with ace, that in intrrev i-.il.ir !,<|s. -s.i- practi 'O'.'i: 6 rip. Tf.r 3 ---- rn--. r? -- -S-OTp'' ~!F. -o1'-- - cally Const. These findings agree with the literature da: a ul the .inic.st'.iC su-i|r.ii iuii at its irytio.ii, a cube rc... effect of (H-cupational stresses as in this cas* hicli atni. air temp,, above the absorbent surface and through which i' . 1.. i 1 . noise, vibrations and industrial dust on electrolyte metabolism. from tile bottom carrying drops of ab-ruben-. t :op 2 '.! K. Ftrossbcrg cnh.i.in, a circulatn.r. fine fro.n '.fit t of t'-ni':;,,/. rn 7'- ' 23182f Importance of polonium-210 determinat. m in the .',,r returning sepd. ab-o: Ikt.i t:. tiie betand a lot ..el,:, urine of workers in uranium mines, l'anov, I).; Porovic, I).; the circulation line for grinning the 'eij.-c.ulated absorbe-... Novak, L.l Djordjevic, V. (Inst. Labor Med. Kadiol. I'rot., Belgrade, Yugoslavia). Suvrem. Med. 1972. '.'.'I1! 1' fi-lb I. G. Zewi 23191b Determination of mitvamounts of some substances (Bulg). A study of 299 workers in the uranium ;.,i.n.:. . ! Yugo ,u air. .ari'.-v f` ' S'>tr`ov, E. E.| Filippova,'3. A. slavia who were exposed to Rn as well as rats living under the U.S.S R 30h,'f.'.' 7 ' -., . ;.,i. '373, Appl. i4 2ep 10" . same conditions showed that it is not possible to dct. the con h'rom Otkr\tiy(., Iznbrc.., .- 1 'vcrTev, Tci . 197' tamination by Rn and its degradation products by testing the 5tl(71. 84. The avalyterl sample'oi an" was t,iv:n; ,r-tv. gh * - urine for Ilol'o. No correlation exists between the cones, of ,l0Po eii-.r.ainmtut sc par;,1 <r !:' *r! > i fine-grained ahsnrlier.t ( :u. in the urine and the concn. of Rn in the work environment. ooiingi to iinv i im: ;na: < : - J. J. l'nhl ilig ainl bliivtmg i .. < . fi ,. . wi. .< 23183g Hand tremor induced by industrial exposure to in t:`.i giis analyzer for furil.t: li i.-f.rdir,' *.:. . : . . organic mercury. Wood, Ronald W.; Weiss, Ann B.; Weiss, a. curacy of anal., air was par.i;- o.' . jg, :|. Bernard (Sch. Med. Dent., Univ. Rochester, Rochester, X. V'.). -ubstances. During subsequent :-ea\:!.y, air t ,J a- ,i Arrk. Environ. Health 1973, 26(5), 249-5:2 (Eng). Hand tremor ior supplying the substances into the gas ana\ >t in 2 subjects with industrial Hg exposure decreased after cessation of exposure and the subjects became asymptomatic after 3.5 months. The extent of hand tremor was evaluated by requiring the subjects to maintain a force of 10-40 g with the forefinger on a finger trough attached to a strain gauge. Performance improved after the subjects were removed from Hg exposure. Raymond Zchnpfennig 23184h Sanitary-hygienic appraisal of working conditions during the welding of metal covered with protective coats. Prot- senko, C. A.; Danilov, V. I.; Timchenko, A. X.: Nenartovich, A. Y.; Trubilko, v. I.; SavChenkov, V. A. (KharkL Nauchno- Tssled. Inst. Gig. Tr. Profzabol., Kharkov, USSR). Avtonmt. Svcrka 1973, 26(2), 65-8 (Russ). Air samples were taken using a sjiecially equipped welder's helmet and analyzed for dust, phenol, CO, HF, acrolein, phthalic anhydride, NO,, Mn, and SiOj. Tests were run with and without general ventilation. Weldings were both hand-operated and automatic on a 10-mm coated steel plate. Gas-cutting was also examd. The coatings were a glypthalic (I) a phenol-formaldehyde (II) and a poly ethylene fill;, in 25 iim thickness. The results are compared with the max. permissible concns. I is the least and III the most objectionable II, with ZnO, is toxic. Olaf Thomsen 23192j Test tube for carbon dioxide meat,,, cment. Auc- gesellschaft G.m.b.H. Ger. Often. 2,151,693 (CL G *. e.. '.'4 Apr 1973, Appl. P 21 51 093.8, 13 Oct 1971; 5 pp. Th`- r-c?rurit.< range of CO, test tubes, useful for automotive enhau-: .a c:s. w... extended by an AfiOj-supported KOH prelayer. T.n- layer w .. made by drying in vacuo at 100 a mixt. conM;. Ai.<>, ...-Ti.a mm) 100 g and K< H i jhv KOI I in 72 :r.t HjO) 1* ir 2 a..<l en- ing with 11,0 1 A long bed of thi- ir.a;-, : 10. vol. %CO,at :e: , as c ,is. 0.11. 23193k Oxidation catalyzer for exhaust gaacs V . Seito; Uchida, Sumio; Kori, Yoshizo; kl.a. Okamoto, Osamu (Hitachi Makuseru Co., Ltd. Tju a. rCoit; 73 27,988 (Cl. 13(9)G11), 13 Apr 1S/73, Appl. Tr . i`.:^4, i Ao. 1971; 3 pp. A perovskite-type A,Bi.,MeO, A, aik. cart, metals; B, rare ca, ih metals; Me. Fe group metals: x.0-*f-0.9t oxidn. catalyzer lor exhaust gases from a car .oh chem. ; s -s prepd. by heating the acetate mixt. at 900, for 6 b , ; .wder:-... mixing with XHHCO,, pressing in a pipe-form, and heating at 1200Jor 1 hr to obtain a sfnter of 859;, porosfi .. ..orVa n-ei' evgjjA 1000 for long periods and is not poisoiu , 9. P j.,S ar.c :> t&wpdi. < . ' vc --.i.'.-, iaga3T94m Adsorbent of poisonous gases. It... . ' r; 23185} Hygienic certification of the building projects de- . *japan. Kokai 73 27,989 (Cl. 13(9)G112 ;, 13 Apr ;: velopment, and reconstruction of plants producing organochlorine J 60,973, 13 Aug 1971; 4 pp. N and S oxides in e::i- .. ;a. - --e products. Levina, M. M.; Filatova, V. S.; Belaya, E. G.; absorbed on a spinel-type oxide contg. one or c. a . * ' Ashirova, S. A.; Tikhomirov, Yu. P.; Levin, A. L.; Mostin- metals, e.g. Cu, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, and Fe groups skaya, R. Z.; Kuznetskii, B. E. (Inst. Gig. Tr. Profzabol., alk. earth metals on active carbon an:' desorb-. . ; L Gorki, USSR). Gig. Sanil. 1973, (4), 86-7 (Russ). Certifica soln. - tion of building plans, ^development, and reconstructions of 23195n Device for recycling exhaust gas i . a . plants manufg. PYC along with a favorable solution of sanitary- Cusson, Charles (Pan American Chemical Co Inc. S. Afn'ca hygienic problems appear to depart from hygienic requisites. 72 01,665 (Cl. C 10A), 25 Oct 1972, Fr. Appl 71 r.'.TUO, 09 At, Poor ventilation in plants manufg. vinyl chloride, polychloro- 1971; 6 pp. The exhaust gases of a heat engi'.e arc , tc> cled prene, and trichloroethylene is poor and does not conform to reduce the amt. of NO, in the final effluent, ids ,.v .mst gt. ,? stds. Architectural modifications should be employed to effect are recycled below the discharge for return to the -I itake; :i:e hygienic stds. John Howe Scott gases are passed into a catalytic puritin. unit where the voL re 23186k Studies of combustion with s sludge burner. Wies- cycle of exhaust gases is varied with supply of fut' to the es.-ine. enberger, J. (Ger.). Waster, Luft Belr. 1973, 17(1), 24-C (Gcr). Her.ry '.-i. G:.: erg A 40 to 1500 kg/hr sludge burner bums combustible industrial 23196p Smoke abatement in the cesulfurizaticn of r.: iron. waste sludges with a min. of soot or CO. The sludge is atomized Braetsch, Peter; Domalski, Willi; Behrens, Manfred .o.ahl- in the nozzle by a stream of compressed air or steam and elec, werke Peine-Salzgitter A.-G.) Ger. Offen. 2.150,9o5 -.C:. C fired. The burner fires into a suitably insulated muffie furnace 21c), 26 Apr 1973, Appl. P 21 50 965.9-24, 13 Oct 1th pp. chamber from which combustion products may be removed for The development of >moke in the desulfurizatio- . -.. -ron wa= anal. Using a 100 kg/hr model burner, old crankcase oil and lac reduced by adding soda-cement-fluorite mixts x ...r. 7'-7"'[ quer solvent wastes were burned with a min. of soot or C.O. Less Na metasilicate for fixation of the volatile Na.v : by dc- flammable materials can be totally burned if other llammable compn. of the soda. A mixt. contg. roda 63, Portland cement gases ate used in place of compresed air or steam. J. II. Lei tin and fluorite 9% was suitable for the desulfurization of Fe at 1350-400". ' 23197q Removal of sulfur oxides from chimney gaa. Ta 23187m Aircraft Emissions: Impact on Air Quality and naka, Takuslii; Hattori, Hiroshi; Matsumoto, Seiji (Sakai Feasibility of Control (Office of Air Programs APTD-0757). Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) Japan. Kokai 73 26.689 Cl. 1 : iteci States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Pti.gratns (USEI'A, Off. Air Programs: Research Triangle Park, N.C . 1972.60pp. 23188n Air Pollution Aspects of Emistion Sources: Pulp and Paper Industry. A Bibliography with Abstracts (United States Environmental Protection Agency Publication No. AP-121). United States Environmental Protection Agency, Air Pollution 13(9)F2), 07 Apr 1973, Appl. 71 52,227. 13 Jul 1971. i. pp. SO, in chimney gas are 94% removed by passing, at 10 ml 'min fas 20 hr, through a i-.lumn of 800 g of 4-4) mm diam. pellet- cci.tg SrCOi, which are prepd. by mixing SrCO, srith be-* it* ' diatoniaceous earth and pitch, molding, and igntttr.p The pellets are regenerated by treating with 20r, Nai-. for 3 hr. CaCO, and BaCO, are unsuitable. K. K " Technical Information Center (USEPA, Air Pollut. Tech. In 23198r Potassium sulfate recovery In the nuifccat form. Cent.: Research Triangle Park, N.C.). 1973, 166 pp. sul'ur dioxide-containing waste gasea. Yon S- 23189p Air Pollution Translations: A Bibliography With Abstracts, Vol. 3 (United States Environmental Protection Agency Publication No. AP-120). United States Environmental Protection Agency, Information Services Division (USEI'A, Air Pollut. Tech. Infor. Cent: Research Triangle Park, N.C.). 1973,200 pp. Schibilla, Eduard; Strx-we, Wolfgang (U'-.de, 1- Ger. OSes- 2,147.427 (Cl- B Old ; Mar 1 427.1,23 Sep 1971; 7 pp. '7nr wa uses contg. N. CO, and CO, .mtau na with ? -r SO, by washing with a KOH-KC! wdit obla;. a--i q* from a diaphragm eIeciro!yi. pl.ini. The kjCwfi '.orined fi ' c countercurrent wa,i.ing price-*- is oxidized by an or c-eiii air at 50-100"/3-24 atm and KCI is added to the oxidized solr.. v 23190g Absorber for purifying sulfur dioxide-containing flue lower the soly. of KtSO. The K,SO is filtered off and the 6F S P I-13037