Document zQdnan4emmRwxp2LMgr6kKqyn

Chemical Safety Dctta Sheet SD-56 ' - - sift * PROPERTIES AND ESSENTIAL INFORMATION FOR* SAFE HANDLING AND USE OF VINYL CHLORIDE (hf piiyritn!; cftaMtocU ond fwpiillw am fvUy undmr. _ .1 The American Conference of Governmental Indus trial Hygienists evaluated the most recent available industrial experience toxicity data for vinyl chloride and revised the TLV from 500 ppm-to 200 ppm. Win -DoirChamira I -Qnngmny-----`"`'has an allowable time weighted average for industrial exposure to vinyl chloride of 50 ppm." -,V" Tr": -\j**, **U'>Date F< ttKi? *s*=aKfc43rtM*fc c*'*1*'' .c: r :* >"j*' v'vttrjoftA, n 'c..;r,i 'writ ,f ... . - .i<5,n*~ J lMANUFACTURING'CHEMISTS"ASSOClATfONa" IMS CONNECTICUT AVENUE; N.-WP ' WASHINGTON, D. C. 2000S R&S161931 s Published as aa activity of the Association's Safety and Fin Protection Committee. Other MCA committees which have cooperated in its preparation indude: Air Quality Committee Chemical Packaging Committee labels and Precautionary Information Committee Occupational Health Committee Transportation Equipment Committee Water Resources Committee Address correspondence to staff editor--F. G. Stephenson, Manufacturing Chemists Association, 1825 Connecticut Avenue, Washington, D. C. 20009. * t ' 1972 by Manufacturing Chemists'-Assncio*fon,fnc;----- -------- The information and recommendations contained In this Chemical Satyiy^ Date Sheet hare been compiled from of any information or recommendation herein, and the Association assumes no responsibility in connection therewith/ nor can it be assumed that all necessary warnings and precautionary measures an contained in this Chemical Safety Dera Sheet, or that btheror additional information or measuresjnpXJIPtbe, requind^or^t^^U^SSf--Jtf particular or exceptional conditions or circumstances, or because of applicable.federal, state. Of loopi-law. R&S161932 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface _____________ Page f 1. NAMES .............. 5 2. PROPERTIES 5 3. HAZARDS? 3:1 Health Hazards_____ ___ --~--............ --........ --............ ..........-- 6 3.2 Fire and Explosion Hazards --_____ ___------ ------- ......------------------- 6 3.3 Stability Hazards --------------------- --------- ---------- ------- ------- --------------- 6 4. ENG1NEBUNGCONTROL OF HAZARDS 4.1 Building Design------- ----------- ----------------------------------- LTM.------ -------4.2 Equipment Design ------ ...---------------------------------- ----:--------------------4.3 Ventilation _____________________________________ _____ 4.4 Air Analysis ................ ,,.--.................................................... ........ --~~ 4.5 Electrical Equipment ________________ ___ _--............................---- 6 7 7 7 8 5. EMPLOYEE..SAFETY. 3.1 Employee Education an3 Training 5.4rPersonal Protective Equipment___------------------------------------------------- 8 6. FIRE FIGHTING 10 7. SHIPPING, LABBJNG, HANDLING AND STORAGE 7.1 Shipping ........................................................... 7.2 Lobtlin^ ........................................................... 7.3 Cylinders ------------------------- -----------------------------7.4 Tank Cars ____________________________ --------7.5 Transportation Emergencies ............ ...... ...__ 7.6 Storage ________ __________________________ 7.7 ''Repackaging ----------- .TM.:----------- 8. TANK AND EOUIPMB4T CLEANING AND R&AKS K r- * f', 4* ` 9. WASTE DISPOSAL_____ 10. MZDfCAt'MANAGEF^TT' 10.1 Health Hazards 10.2 Preventive Measures 10.3 Suggestion^ hJ'PhysicfSn* sAfr 11. FIRST-AID^ __ 10 __ 10 .. 12 12 13 .. 15 _ IS. 16 _. 17 Chemical Safety Data Sheet VINYL CHLORIDE PREFACE Vinyl chloride monomer is classified by the U.S. Department of Transportation as a flammable compressed gas- lt i* easily ignited, producing hazardous combustion gases largely composed of hydrogen chloride and carbon monoxide. The primary health hazard of VCM is associated with excessive respiratory exposure. In acute overexposures the primary effect is on the central nervous system, producing intoxication and dulling of visual and auditory responses. Excessive chronic exposure may- pro* duce liver injury. The full text of this chemical safety data sheet shduld be consulted for details of the hazards of vinyl chloride-monomer and suggestions for their control. FIRST AID-SEE PAGE 18 For assistance in the event of any emergency involving this chemical in transportation, call MCA's Chemical Transportation Emergency Center. CHEMTREC _ v^ (800) 424-9300 * (U*m 483-7616 in DbtrktofCohmbia) ToH-frw, day or night UwIm* Smmwm Mfh (Transportation Emergency' Assistance Plan)' S ICAr R&S161934 4  Chemical Safety Data Sheet. VINYL CHLORIDE ' Vi 0 ;;0 - J NAMES Chemical Names: Common Name: Formula: Vmy! Chloride Monomer Ghloroethytenejir. ot- GMoroetheae: y. Vmyi.aUpAte.yCM , CH,cSa^ ^ - IMi .. -U-i Ik." 1. PROPERTIES TT 2.1 GRADE* Commercial, sometimes referred .to as V *. , >41 ^ ^ 2.2 IMPORTANT PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES ! ' `)J J3. " ` #V* y Boiling Point at l ata;--------------------- _--i---------- 13.8*C. (+ 7*F.) Color- .Colorless or water.white Corrosivity. .Noncorrosive at normal atmospheric temperatures when diyOnofemre free).. In contact with water at demited ten^hrtturMvinylchlorMtoaccelewtescorroafaBfliteon orsted` ioaE1fxr'',-;--- - --......... ; y 'JT. Explosive Limits (Percent by Volume in Ate)------- vme;26:4% i fFluh Potat-tOpa Cap) ;^ '[ s<oii?oJ. * jjlis-k- - Hygroscopidty--^:-------------------------- ---------- Nftjrtt gnUbnad /Mw batvr. -Critical Pressure,?pia .. .. ------ ------------ -------- .775 ... f.'V- Critical Temperature______ cuc^-------- ;--------Ignitioa Temperature, Autogenous----:-- Light Sensitivity__________--'Ul------------Melting Point at 1 atm_______ _ (Freezing Point) Molecular Weight__________ _____ Odor___________________________________ .158.4`C. 317*F.) .472f^a*0(882*F?)' : ! " ar-> Uninhibited VCM is light sensitive .--153.71*0. t-- 245*F.) .6250 ` ><>; s? > Jw|t sntefln^gy. Inhibited, phenolic odor. i. itt*; ' f*; w ith o-y Physical State vr Reactivity___ ^.,'K.s Tfig-'ott.- & uor. .- T a - j mmi SpedfieGravity** liquid @4*C. , ;;3,, n'y Gas at ordmary temperature and pressure. LiquidTmder pressure m cylinder or pressure vessel at room tentpdamre. "Aj 2r a TA/ f In) s *. .Poiymcxiresreadily in presence of air, or heat This behavior- . , ...... 4h- ble bond. Otherwise vinyl chloride is qmtfc* Wrar.t to/ Sfuniwiicc , (Watered).i.ii...-.;iL'n aiofaraqab ....yd i-^itiliad iuri:o <r::,t VaporDeositycf gas (Abim, fyUV ) r.......2.15 JiohainRrioa . yiusrofcwr a-ifi } om U<y [u'.-Ylj, -HA. 35jg^ti Density;liWid,Ib,/cu.ft - u- . ^......... j!,. t...........................v.,:: :>; t . Th*W: gf iiy S'!"--- ?-job-si^--*56t7l;en> kism bibntqxj no s^?slq '. rnntthinc at 1Q5*F. v-ict--______ 5438 TamiL-L- " ...t; o: bs>.i at at U13S0S*RF-.-_---------------~-r--tr-----T--T*--3O-T-T-T------T------------- 5S3M.69! ,, .. - .......... ` '-WJtB*.... Threshold Limit Value (ceiling).--.. 5907pm ot,1300mg/M-, _ . v^... R&S161935 XO-M Manufacturing Chmists. Association Vinyl Chloride . 3. HAZARDS 3.1 HEALTH HAZARDS (See Section 10 MEDI CAL MANAGEMENT) 3.1.1 The primary hazard of vinyl chloride is associated with excessive respiratory exposure. Ex posure to high levels may produce some lung irritation. Chronic overexposure may produce fiver injury. When inhaled it acts primarily as an anes thetic. The odor is pleasant to most individuals and, therefore, acutely dangerous levels may he easily tolerated. 3.1.2 Warning Properties The lowest concentration of VCM at which its odor can be detected is reported to be 260 ppm. Olfactory fatigue, however, may occur and the sense of smell cannot be retied upon as a wanting for ex cessive low grade exposures. 3.2 FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARDS 3.2.1 Vinyl chloride is a gas at normal atmos pheric temperature and pressure. The gas will bum very readily in proper mixtures of air or oxygea. Au explosion hazard can exist when drawing samples or venting to the atmosphere. Open flames, local hot spots, friction, any spark producing equipment, and static electricity are to be avoided when handling this material. 3.2.2 Combustion Products of Vinyl Chloride Monomer Analysis of a combustion gas sample obtained immediately above a flame of vinyl chloride monomer burning in air shows presence of hydrogen chloride (27,000 ppm), carbon dioxide (58,000 ppm), car bon monoxide (9,500 ppmT and phosgeneless than 10 ppm. Only in the very near vicinity of a VCM fire would significant amounts of phosgene be present The main sources of danger to personnel result from the massive formation of hydrogen chloride gas and from carbon monoxide. However, the pungent odor of hydrogen chloride acts as a warning to dear the area or to obtain the necessary breathing ap paratus before attempting any fire control measures. See MCA Chemical Safety Data Sheet, SD-39, Hy drochloric Add (Aqueous) and Hydrogen Chloride (Anhydrous). Cm STABILITY HAZARDS Vinyl chloride is shipped and used in both the inhibited and uninhibited state. In the uninhibited state, high purity must be maintained since contami nants* may catalyze polymerization or causedecom- position of the VCM, liberating hydrogen chloride. Prior to shipment, uninhibited VCM shotdd-be tested for stability under shipping and storage conditions. Cleanliness of shipping containers is of prime im portance when shipping uninhibited VCM. Vinyl chloride may polymerize as a result of ex posure to air, oxygen or sunlight at ambient or higher temperatures, ! .'.."j Vmyi chloride does not form pcroxSdcs'bymutoxidatian as readily as many other mottomen^vh In the absence of an initiatoc,-VGM fa^cbeihicaily quite stable. Commercial VCM, uninhibited, isstored and shipped in steel containersr under conditions which avoid expesure to air and sunlight. For large volume, long term storage, refrigeration is sometimes employed to maintain the temperature at about 20s C., maximum, to minimize the formation of haze, a condition caused by a small degree of polymeriza tion. 4. ENGINEERING--.CONTROL OF HAZARDS 4.1 BUILDER tfBSiGtf -^ ' ' - - * . ` ' W.f.'s. .wt.'jC J.` Equipment and vessels containing VCM should preferably be isolated from other facilities by wafis: and floors of fire resistive construction. Standard fire wafistarerecommended -for tbellb^ ~ lation of larger equipment and storage tanks, while partitions of plaster on expanded metal lath may be : used to isolate smaller equipment from other com-' bustible materials. Not less than two means of exit should be provided from each separate room or building in which VCM -------------- ------------ --- ----- is stored, handled or used. No- portions of such a room or budding should be farther than 75 feet from the nearest exit; Additional exits should bo-provided -depending upon the number-of persons-m the budd ing. (SeeNFPA Standani^lOLlifejM^^od^) --AH ea^-do^-dioriBtlWBgiontilBitlieHdUtid^ of travel and should be provided with panic-hardware.1 Fire doors should open out in thc:direction of travel and be of an approved type. T Operations where Urge-quantities of VCM are. used should preferably be boused in one story budd ings, > ::r - u 6 R&S161936 Vinyl Chlorkfe Manufacturing Chamois Association swt Explosion vents may be used to reduce destructive damage to buildings, ducts, mixers, blenders, driers and similar equipment in which flammable vapors are liable to concentrate. Explosion venting windows, roof and wall panels, skylights, light windows, diaphragms, etc., may be used to minimize building damage due to explosion pressures. Since the required area of explosion vents depends upon such factors as the intensity of an exptosioivr vapor temperature, type of structure, the type of vent closure, e&,.ibe detenninatipn of vent ratios, should be made by expenencetLeni^een and safety and fire protection specialists. Consideration may be given to explosion suppression systems/ {Reference: NrPA Ftre'&)des,vyi^^ '`-^6%)^^' - The question of adequate spacing Of Chemical stor age buiidingsfromotner buildings and processing equipment should be considered. A fire resistive stairwell with self-dosing fire doors may be specified for hazardous operations-on upper floors; The need for segregating floor drains from sanitary or process sewer systems should be considered. 4.2 EQUIPME^DESXGN, 4.2.1 Processes should be so that op erating personnel will not be exposed to direct con tact With vinyl1 chloride1dr W^vapor. 'Tbe technkal problems of designing equipment, providing adequate ventilation, and formulating operational procedures which promise maxhnmtf security and economy, can be handled best by engineers or other competent per sonnel. The manufacturers of vinyl chloride, and of the equipment in which it is to be used, are always prepared teThclp with these problems. 4-2.2 la the hanrilmgotviny chloride or opera tion <# any typ^ pf wnyfddcckfesysteovaU valves, pipe lines, vents, safety- devieesr-etCL,. should be so located that they can be readily inspcctefl end re paired. They should always be in proper order and lowed. All vent lines should extend outdoors to an area free of any source of ignition for discharge. Vents and vent lines should have flash arresters. 4^2.4 Material of copper or copper-bearing alloy should not be used, in contact with vinyl chloride doe to the possible presence of acetylene and the forma tion of explosive acetylides. 4.3 VENTILATION 4.3.1 Ventilation should be adequate to maiwtnm exposures below the ceiling value of 500 ppm recom mended by tbe U.S. Department of Labors; 4.3.2 If the workroom or operating stea ls sep aratejfem v^^^JoiiA^^ray^orproc^Qg^eqmp- emeigopties, however, the area may be prodded with mechanical .exhaust ventilation to maintain con centrations'bekiw 500 ppm. MechanicaT ventilators should be of the nonsparxing or explosion-proof type and sbould bave motors conforming to the National Electrical Code (Class I, Division I). 4.3.3 In the processing or storage area, if outside location!* impracticable, special emergency equip ment.,fm veatilatioo is necessary under abnormal condttioas, siKb as,leaks or spills. ^ 4.3.4^ThbmostImportant comideratioum^ven- tBation'dt to - ensure an ^adequate-air fiow^awayirocn the`work artu?-- ? -< ^< 14.3.5,rlXlf Ventilating systems should beinspwted periodically abtf maintained in a safe and efficient woriting pmrfitiotk 4.3.6 Under abnormal conditions, such as-when leaks or spills occur, all available ventilation should be used. 4.4 AIR ANALYSIS 3* . -- qfthealr forvinyl chlot$elnthe WItgive a measure of the effectivertem of envmeririg.c(^rtfi..of.the,ys4)OTx. It may fc^per- forrned^to qrv|||>^fao^^^^gtt any source. ` sparks?flames, heated, surfaces and ell sources of Ignition `whlch'iifi^if fires or* ex- plosions. All charging amj,d shoukl enter through, or extend to, ,______ miaa to- miwimiwt of aETcon- Of'WXBcss/lfawrv>1 niV and 'TraUmlw should be constdered on storagectanks aa&otheHarge vessels in case of fireewr letkvacaistheao vcsseb>?m- 43.3 It ,is esseuttaObr's " used and mitntStasTtfr facturer and that a periodic test schedule of the equipment, including ,safety devices, should be fol- ' ......-vrt-* -s It.sboold^be keptfirmly in mind that^lhe use of the following instnanents and.test procedures for tiw/ -------- snr> r-n-'ST. rikotoi&bc. ' m^or^fltlft^KrexpTOve range are mostJ*easfiy determined bytbe-useofa hKfleator," TbeTeoocenhatiow of-vapor nuqrfbebread directly on tbemeter which'is usually gradbatedin "{SOami^rtllB luwei fihunuabhrlinirt. - TBc;t6ove shotild not beused tor the detection of health haz ards/- "'f-.' cj 'j'-;.rL y.>- * '-rli *' R&S161937 SD-tt Manufacturing Chemists Association Vinyl Chloride 4.4.4 A specially calibrated indicator is commer cially available for vinyl chloride monomer deter* initiations within the toxic range. Ampules which change color on exposure to VCM vapors are also commercially available and may also be employed for the detection of low level concentrations. 4.5 ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT All electrical equipment, motors, fights, and flash lights used in an area- in which vinyl chloride is stored or handled should conform to the National Electrical Code. 5. EMPLOYEE SAFETY 5.1 EMPLOYEE EDUCATION AND TRAINING 5.1.1 Before undcrtalring any tmning of the em ployees who are engaged in handling or processing vinyl chloride the supervisor should be thoroughly familiar with the contents of this data sheet MCA Case Histories describe accidents and injuries that have occurred while handling or processing vinyl chloride monomer. Safety specialists and suppliers may also be consulted. 5.1.2 After becoming thoroughly familiar with the hazardous characteristics of vinyl chloride mono mer, the supervisor should review -each procedure where the material is to he wed and preferably with the assistance of tbeworkets directly involved. Dur ing die review all danger, points should be identified and the precautionary measures determined. The review should not only be concerned with the dangers of contact or exposure to vinyl chloride monomer, but also those which may be involved in handling containers, operating equipment and other aspects of the work. Procedures for all foreeeable emergencies should be established including the location and op eration of safety showers, fire extinguishers, alarms, etc. and the need for personal protective equipment. 5.1.3 During the safety review of the operations it may become apparent that some danger points can be eliminated. Possibly additional ventilation, ma chine guarding or modifying.the method of handling the material or containers can avoid potential haz ards. Process changes, however, should never b* sons^n chemical processing even a slight deviation might have disastrous results. 5.1.4 Afi signific^r,hazmds which caiinot be satisfactorily guarded by rearrangement'or other modification shookfa be-cxpfajunlntogether with -the precautions to be followed in1the standard-operating procedures. Preferably these safety precautions should be an integral part of the ropeiating instruc tions. For example, if .eye. protection is required while taking a sample^be-standard operating proce dure might read, "Wear goggles and take sample from Still No. 000." This type of instruction is preferable to explaining to the worker the need to take a sample and in another part of standard operating procedure.having a notation to the effect that he is to wear eye protection when sampling. 5.1.5 If thereareextremely critical steps in the process where, for example, over charge or.jmder charge may cause uncontrollable reaction, considera tions should be given' to making these supervisory check points: In such Instances & standard-operat ing procedure should specify that the employee most notify his supervisor before proceeding further or as in this example, prior to charging the material to the reactor. It then becomes the supervisor's respontibility to verify that the. employee has followed the proper procedure before undertaking the critical step. 5.1.6 The safety review described should be re peated periodically for afi chemical processing opera tions and always following a significant change in the process* . ...... .... 52 PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT 5.2.1 Availability and Use Personal protective equipment is not an ade quate substitute for good, safe working conditions, adequate ventilation, and intelligent conduct on the part of employees working with VCM. It is, how ever, in some instances the only practical, means of protecting the worker,, particularly in emergency sit uations. Obe-sfi6uldappredatE that personal protectivet^pueT>rottronlytheworkerwearmgit, and other unprotected-workers-hi the area may be exposed to danger. -4M-- ^Jhe effectiveness pf.personal protective equip- raearTeqfilresBj^^ Tn`8s proper use and care.TTTbe following pettonaT protective equipmeWsho^beiised.'ithramdkaited: iT.22 ____ ___________ Cupet^,''pteA^ o^iTubber. framed goggles, equipped with the approved impact,resistant glass or plastic lenses,should.,be. worn' whenever there, is danger of the material coming in contact with the eyes.. Goggles- shouid.be carefully,,fitted. --- 5.2J SpHtadeiype Safety Goggles Metal or plastic rim safety spectacles with side shields may be used Where continuous eye protection 8 R&S161938 Vinyl QilarM* Manufacturing Chamitri Association 4 4 is desirable, as in laboratories. Spectacles, however, ment frequently used is high pressure breathing air should not be, used where complete eye protection is from.standard (200 cu. ft) cylinders, with a demand needed such aswhenhandiingbulk quantities, when type, valve andfacea piece. This arrangement-may there is dinger,of splashing, or wheftfeematerial is also be used with 50-100 lb. dean piped piant air, under pressure, -r l, 5.2.4 Fra Shield* -,-t '' svr:,. "ra' and, as an additional precaution with the demand mask,3a. smattt*cylinder af compressed air may be worn for use as an emergency escape from the area. Plasticshields; (fell length; 8" mmimumji .with . 'Consult a reHatde safety equipment dealer for details forehead prett^den may be; worn ;in addition to : -on the proper use ofU.S. Bureau of Mines approved ehenricat-safety goggles where complete facetifotec- K eqtripmenL'd: - ^ *7 - tion is desirable. Chemical "safety goggles should always be wonras added protection where there is danger of material striking the eyes from underneath or around the sides of the face shield. ^c." "'(id)' Industrial. Canister-Type Gas Masks, ' equippedNvifefulIface pieces and approved^ fee U.S. Bureau ofMines, fitted wife the proper canister for absorbing vapor, will afford protection against 5.2.5 Respiratory Protection ^ 5.2J.1 Severe exposure to VCM Mtfy octaofAii tanks during equipment cleaning and repairs, when decontaminating.areas, following spills, or incase of failure of piping or equipment. Employees,wbomay be subject to soch exposures should- be provided with propecrrenintoiy protection. .Available types are descnlwiibtto**.' - concentrations not exceeding 2 percent by volume rra accordance wife manufacturer's in1 oxygen content of the iif must not be less than 16 percent by volume. The masks should be used tor- relatively short exposure periods only. " They are not recommended for use in tnemergeocy since, at feat time,' fee actual vapor concentrations is unknown and an oxygen deficiency may exist The wearer must be wanted to leave fee contaminated Note: Respiratory protective equipment area immediately on detecting fee odor of a chewiieal must be caiefaBy maintained, inspected, cleaned and sterilized at reguiarintervils and alwtys hefore 'and vapor. This may indicate that the mask is not funcdomngrprotKriy. feat fee vapor concentration is too after me by anotherpeisciL.,, . =r!f. rhigh,4hatthe canister is exhausted or thatthe mask (a> Self-contained^`Breathing Apparatus w not property fitteAiiBecanje of the limitatioaa-octwhich: permit*; thewearer,to ;cariy< a rappiyof air . .lined,fuse of canjstrr masks should be restricted. compressed in the cyfinder j" fe^^^lfaTOf^WhdlS^fee^'gas having ttffiNir no ity. The length of time a self-contained breathing apparatus provides protection varies according to the amount of air earned. Compressed oxygen must, not be used where- there is danger Of flammable Uquids, vapors, or sources of ignition, especially in confined spaces such as tanks or pits because of the increased fire hazard an oxygen rich atmosphere presents. :; (ty^tosttfeePressure Hose Masks which are suppliedbottoms reqniring.no internal lubrication may be used. Thewearer must be -al^ftiio `use die same route for exit as for entrance andmusttake precautions to keepthehoseline freiMof entangle ment ,The air blower,mustbe placed in an area free odor may be encountered in addition to VCM fee mask should be equipped wife an "all purpose can ister" and a "tuning device" as approved by.the U.S. Bureau of Mines. v (e) Chemical Cartridge Respirators may be used to avoid inhaling disagreeable but relatively harmless concentrations of VCM vapor. These res pirators,1 however; are*n6f recommended forprotec- tiqq where toxk.cooccntrations may be epqnmitered mq. rcy.i^CAlil30NriJ!lterdype'respiaL^ htitfoffer protection sgnmstngsira or 0*:;tfefidency and are unsuitabieJor u^arifaihwkhywitiMVCTi^^^ vr : liar?'^ jtoi^iuppliedL^ife -dean, ~ "Htrd"itats Ihoufcl bewoni wherefe^k^^ table foruse oqlyrwbere^oo> -escape -m-caseH&fefttpMrf ger from faffing<fe}te^$a*|^ WJ Z~\ "Bump caps" are salikactory^in areas where .Cfeerefe fittfrbrnd3LitefiI front feDingoblei**' They jputty baseifj $Ssr jY&nlV -lit - rnir afer method . separate compressor of the type mot requiring in- Leather or ^^ShetiB^Ytibbbf safety shoes wife tpia strel roe-caps are recommended where there rtransi hibrifffiioit-*Preurerr^^ valves, as well as. suitable traps and filters, -mustthe installed at all -mask stations.- An alternate axrange- rC .. tiA ' to "ao dnggr of-heavy.objects falling on awortaaan's foot. Liquid vinyl chloride penetrates leather, and shoeswetwithVinylchloride should be (a) discarded ,-ti...ssh 9 01 R&S161939 Mm*ml Manufacturing Chemists Association Vlnv) Chloride if the monomer is phenol inhibited, and (b) removed and not worn until thoroughly dry when handling uninhibited monomer. 5.2.8 Body, Skin and Hand Protection 5.2.8.1 Any work gloves, clothing or wearing apparel whichbecomes contaminated with VCM should be removed immediately, and the body should be thoroughly washed. All contaminated work gloves, doming or wearing apparel should be thor oughly washed, and dried benwe. reuse. 5.2.8.2 When=cleaning, inspecting, or repair ing tanka, safety equipment such as safety belts, rescue-harness, lifeline, clothing and respiratory pro tective equipment should be worn as required by the specific nature of the work and the hazards involved. 5.2,83 Frequent .inspections and necessary repairs should be made to all personal protective equipment so that it is always ready to give proper protection to the wearer. ? 5.2.8.4 Facilities for personal cleanliness should be provided. . - 6, .FIRE FIGHTING 6.1 When vinyl chloride burns, the hazardous gases generated are mostly hydrogen chloride and carbon monoxide (See 3.2.2). 6.2 Emergency Measures (See 73.2) 6.3 Fire involving large quantities of spilled liquid are difficult to extinguish mace vferyi chlorideis not miscible with water and is lighter than water (will float on top of water). Most smafi fires can be ex tinguished with carbon dioxide or dry chemical agents if properly applied. Adequate fire extingtrishingeauipmcnt of carbon* dioxide or dry chemical type, fixed and portable, should be provided. Water fag or tory is also -satisfactory for cooling. Diking and/or draining should be provided for confining and disposing of the liquid in case of tank rupture r spills. .Precautions* should be taken to guard against VCM entering the general sewer system. 6.4 No one should be permitted to enter a fire area umfl it has been checked and approved tor safe entry unless eqtnppedwfth proper protective dotting-and Mawirtiliiiiit ngiffliy ..... 't ' .'Ti.1'!.- '.'I...... /-"no - 7. SHIPPING, LABELING, HANDLING AND-* STORAGE 7.1 SHIPPING 7.1.1 DOT Qaidfieitkm and Regulations Vinyl chloride monomer is rfassifteri by die VS. Department of Transportation as a flammable com- pressed gas,-Whenshipped by raiLwater orliighway, it must be packaged in authorised contmiiem and shippers must complywith all' DOT Regulations re garding packaging, loading, handling, lending, mark ing and placarding. H ------- -----rerh* ^r.1' =" -- "' ''<n: 7.1.2 Uwl Snipping Container- r-. .& Type eadSise x; jL- Cyiinders--ABWO, 4BA225,4BW225r3A150, ^AA&ISQ, uDOT-25a*d, 3^1800. Cyumers with brgmd seams aronot permitted.^ Maxhmmrpennitted flUmg density-^. -; Cargo Tanks--MC330 and331.,Maxramm per- '^^Thlttedr fiDing density-- Tank Cars--DOT 106 500 X Maximumfilling density--84% DOT 105 200 W Maximum filling density--87% DOT 112A340W Maximum fining densityMifi 7_2-LABELING 7.2.1 DOT ReqnfoemenU .7.2.1.1 Each container of vinyl chloride, in* chilling tank cars shall carry an kleattiyiag iabal.1 ^ 7-?.rl-?--ITif.'nmnw'iliinwIiw ttump.'Viirvl fMn. ride/ns shown ti-^s^umoS^list (pamr T723) mast he used andshowiron the outside stipptetbotamers'per para 172.1(a) and 173.401(a)07 i"pASES~asdescribcd^mpara.l73.408(a) 1*4? o' cl '*.(Jam v,u. 5fi1 "ifll !f> " DOT 177.823(b) requires tfaabteak on both skies and at the front and rear, widr letiBn stleast 4" high, with the words-"FLAMMABLE GAS" or "FLAMMABLE COMPRESSED GAS." 10 Vinyl Chlerid* Manufacturing Chemists Association In addition, the name "VINYL CHLORIDE" must be displayed in letten at least 2" high.'; The words "FLAMMABLE GAS" must be displayed on other motor vehicles transporting 1000 lbsor more, gross weight per para; 177.823(a). ,,1',' 7.2.1.5 Pagh railroad car must bear - die "DANGEROUS?-placard per para,174.541(a)(1) and (3). . . nr: .. .z . ,, tiiirn< 7.2.1.6 Para^ l73.402(a)(13) pedflea that an "EMPTY* Iabetmust be^appHetk to containers which have been emptied and on whiefa the old label has not been removed, obliterated,4ir, destroyed. It .-il. i-TIK ! i^nibat iVj . 1' must be so placed on the container as to completely cover the otd label;.r:; -> - 7^1.7^ Para.'174.562(b) specifies that a "DANGEROUS-tEMPTY" placard dull replace or cover1 tfae"Dangkrous" plaeard-on the railroad tankcarwhiaihasjbeeiremptied......... ,Z . . ic -- "...$3.1 ,,H ,vr V" *h<" * .Chemists Associa* turn recommends tn^alTcontainers of VCM should bear a label as showru^ The text is designed foc the product as shipped for* industrial use. It should'be >' v-T*\**rv `f*f**r>*J . on; DANGER! EXTREMELY FLAMMABLE UQWD^AND GAS * ~ UNDSl PRESSURE ^! ^ ?r?- HARMRJl IF INHALED*^ T'jnjtfog: -I i.tn, f-SUfr a:. w!:.. CONDITIONS OFINH1BITOR TO sgnU... ,, ,, ml!"n ar tar. -r; Keep*away"from hoot, sparks, and open flame. ,, .bsfcn '2 s FIREk - n si t \ s.i (*' ,Awi- .4-" jdvst \ -Jib > :.t Keep container dosed. ^ Use with adequate ventilation. Ayotd'breathingVapor. '*/' itw- "Wu ' '.Nii , riL :(' '/.?-T ~, ,:y: j, - " " ': 1u,1* . >v>-' Avoid'contact:with skin.; . ... j: *jnI Keep cylinder our of suqrand awayi^rorn heafino ru bvg>:r.: 1 i.j.a Ust'YB ~ lS rjh n^p Container should beflroonded when being sf^sir`w' ' '1 ... T . 4, . , 5" Vtl/ 2i. bilzjnr.:: Tib;iir/3 :rfi . .rfw . ^ 3^9Tq o: nobtl^n^ js^pabi. infi ii blfjOCu siiofiRST AlDi tMinhaled^ nmove to fresh^air. I J q.` e^.T -r,- ' Coif'd1 physician. rtohHagiT .<> U9SCJW 1^-Tk Slrof?S aw *> Mtr ' aanaixm s oS iwlasd died mlsw / OLLt tmcomKM* V'-to awdw u Td aabaii^ r s I) .D*0t rjk9c7*b*dvsm apray, dry dienMW^ 1G^ 1c aasom I.';; , .If .jr:. ; e?kta>h Portarqe spills or I _.er tool) w* -` , evacuate area. Dikgtijfp d) gtihsju*.. teutn itA Et.C.V <taicu; ad bluoru y>r. Knwq r MCAXheiiiicei Selhtf'Oata ShMt SO-M eveflahU. ' ' r* if sr" r.nHw icl ^orntL- vo vd fqssx'j billft ad ion jiam. `nelsady" El Lf ^.aienHa sill ill .enobeiugs," TCKJ dJi'." sonabrour n si R&S161941 SD-M Manufacturing Chamois Association Vinyl Chloride used in addition to or in combination with any spe cific wording required by law.. Since individual statutes, regulations, or ordinances nay require that particular, information be included in alabel, that certain information be displayedin a particular man ner, or that a specific label be affixed to a container, the use of this label text will .not.necessarily insure compliance with such laws. Such laws include the Federal Hazardous Substances Labeling Act; federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodentiane Act; and similar state and municipal legislation. 7.3 CYLINDERS 7.3.1 Magnets or slings should never be used to unload cylinders. Whentransportings bf crane. derrick a suitable platform, cradle*** boot shook! be used. 7.3.14 Raton of Cylinders The cylinder valve protection cap or outlet cap must be securely replaced The lower portion of the DOT shipping tag, if attached to the cylinder, must be removed. In other cases, applicable to DOT Regulations,-compfiance. is essential. Bffl of lading should give the cylinder identification number (which appears;on(the shooider of cylinder) for each cylin der shipped^ show name of consignee and indicate thatthccylidersareempty.. ^ Full or pirdy emptied cylinders should not be returned without permission of the supplier. Such cytlndtti wusi'brshippedwa full cylinders and corre spondingly labeled and tagged. All empty cylinders Should ` 7.4 TANK CARS 7.3.2 Care should be exercised not to drop cylin ders or otherwise handle them roughly. , . 7.4.1. - Because- of the flammable and toxic propertiesof VCMtJie unloading of tank cars is a hazard- 7.3.3 Cylinders may be moved by tilting and ' ous operation. The supplier should be contacted rolling them on their bottom edge. Dragging and,, .. for instrucrioos andjthe instructions closely followed. sliding them should be avoided. 7.3.4 When cylinders me.ttiospodad by hand 7.4J DOT. Regulations, Para. 174.560 to `^74.563 mchaMy contain instructions which most track, they should be held aeo^dy in position bymeans of a locking clamp, cham or other suitable' holding device. beqbeeaved4C3 ' 7^3 jiCars should be unloaded only on private rifting*. 7.3.5 Cylinders should never be used as idlers for movingftny object or material. '~f:` 'at> 73.6 Valve protection caps should always be kept in place except when the VCM containers are connected to piping, apparatus or equipment. As soon as a cylinder is disconnected the protective cap should be replaced. 7.3.7 Avoid disturbing the fusible plug. The safety device should be tagged in order to differen tiate it from the discharge conn.e. c:>t<io>',n. . ofi 1 ne-t 7.3.8 The area where the cylinder is connected should have adequate ventilation to prevent the build up of concentrations in the event of a leak. r4 .-lij . tO ii V. . IU .. 7.3.9 (Cylinders *hqddbe,p*r J ------- regulators as recommended by4he ------ 7.4.4 Shipper's instructions should always be fol lowed and all caution markings on both rides of tank and domeshould be read and observed. 7.415 No best should be applied to the tank car. An inert gas line or compressed vinyl chloride gas line should be attached to vent connection of die tank car. to provide a pressure for transfer of the liquid vinyl chloride from tank. Transfer may also be 3 by pumping. * ,a" y v," - 7.4:61' Cylinder hitrogetf ftnertgas) is often used as the pressuring medium in the event vinyl chloride gas is not available. Larger instaflationsmay have a suction, iinetoounected from tbestorage tank to a .wmpresser wfooh-dachertea-compresjed vinyl chlo- cat. The pres 7.3.10 A water bath heated to a maximum of 50C. (122*F.) may be used to empty cylinders by sure on die car should never exceed the service pres sure at which the safety valve, is-set to operate. means of the vapor pressure of ^ 7J.11 *' ' ' " `` ' lines from me unloaded, entering the cylinders osto e.ec.ov* >*. hl all (YSlveSimust.bc made tight, the unloading connec- 7.3.12 meifth^-^^CT^eii^^,^Wei kn4iqns,tgust fie t$q*pved,and all closures,?made tight Air-must not be penndted to enter the vessel The should be securely closed. Air must not-hallowed inert gasified for ffie'Tinloading procedures should to enter theoontainer. ,, oObe^eft intbc vessel.>at a {Measure not to exceed the 7.3.13 Cylinders must not be filled except by or service pressure for which the car was designed, but with the conaea*~of "the*owner,-wiidtben^oniy' ia --ffriral to psirmat farming a vacuum in cold accordance with DOT Regulations. 12 R&S161942 Vinyl Chloride Manufacturing Chemists Association SUi 7.4.8 The DOT DANGEROUS placards on sides and ends of tank can must be removed, or reversed (if in metal placard holders) by the party discharging the tank car. The empty car must be offered to the receiving carrier 'either without plac ards, or preferably with four (4) DANGEROUS-- EMPTY placards. 7.5 TRANSPORTATION EMERGENCIES 7.5.1 Aariatnee Available 7.5.1.1 CHEMTREC (CHEMical TRansportation Emergency Center) This center, located in Washington, D. C. at the offices of the Manufacturing Chemists Associa tion, is manned 24 hours per day, seven days a week, and provides, by telephone, immediate response/ action information for police, fire-fighters and others concerned with the control of chemical transportation emergency situations. For assistance, dial *(800) 424-9300 in the 48 contiguous States of the USA 483-7616 in District of Columbia (200) *483-7616 in Alaska g. Rubber gloves h. Slicker suit i. Rubber overshoes j. Safety tinea (braided stainless, plastic cov ered) and harness k. Goggles ^ v: L Safety hat m. O-rings n. Strapwrench o. lO^adjnstable wrench p. Screwdriver q. Ground continuity meter r. Large first aid kit and collapsible water container, ttpptox, 50 gals. The water container should be filled at the emer gency site and be available for eye wash or treatment of chemical sltin contacts. 7.S.2.3 Recommended Procedures Leaks of Vinyl Chloride 'r In Canada, call Canadian Chemical Produc-- era Association** TEAP (Transportation Emergency Asostance Fto). * Use long distance prefix if needed. 7.5.1.2 Company Mutual Aid A number of vinyl chloride manufacturing companies voluntarily participate in a mutual-aid or ganization under which, in the event of a transporta tion accident, the closest company VCM plant will dispatch a qualified adviser to the scene of the acci dent if requestedl to do so by the shipper of the commodity. 75.2 Emergency Control - .752.1 -.Personnel Attending Aecidant Scan* i '^ rSltippezsfrepresentatives do not take charge of emergency operations. They are present as advxvisasonlJh,'.''' vw;:* 7.5 Recommended Emergency Kit b. Self-contained air supply c. Woodplugs and wood mallet d. Data slieet and pencil e. Camera andfilm f. Flashlight (Bureau of Mines approved) I. Controllable Leaks o VA-1 . SmalUioles: Drive wooden pingrs. b. Larger holes: Neoprene patch, ^bonded or.chained to tank. Spe- ..................cialrip should be left to the judg ment of the man at the scene. c. Jagged holes are difficult to dose. d. Potassium bicarbonate wifi extin guish a vinyl chloride fiwfbut reignition often occursteUsa> it around valves if it appeapttbnt a leak can be subsequentlycoo- " trolled. r'-'jsam>5r>. A; ol * n. Uncontrollable Leaxs--NoFtax, a. Isolate area. 0Oi' ' -b. Removesources ofignitiee.V r;TT, `''H"'iirc. Controlr'Spread of -vapap by water ''rr.CK i spoilt1'. .`V, 1%. __ . ;%fiJivSvd iz) : m. asmqiiipi Uncontrollable Leaks--Firb J, >. .f 4. . Evacuate and isolate area. Keep adjacent cars cool, i[ possible, with water spray.'' C- Keep unofficial personnel away. d. Treat a non-buming tank car in vicinity of fire as if it is about to ."..rupture. 13 R&S161943 SO>56 Manufacturing Chemists Association Vinyl Chloride e. If vinyl chloride gets to a sewer, evacuate area and flush sewers with fire hoses. 7.5.2.4 Spilled Vinyl Chloride Spilled vinyl chloride should not be deliber ately ignited. 7525 Recovery or Removal of Vinyl Chloride Depending upon circumstances and extent of car damage, VCM may be recoverable, but recovery should not be the determining factor in controlling the situation. a. If car condition permits, transfer contents to empty tank car using nitrogen pres sure. b. If car is ruptured, attempt to use pump with flooded suction. c. If pumping is impractical, use water or oil to float out remainder of VCM. d. HU empty tank with water or nitrogen. e. If a vinyl-ice mixture forms, keep a water stream to die tank until it dissipates. I Handling of vinyl chloride in a damaged car can be influenced by weather con ditions. At low- temperatures, since vaporization s reduced, patch tank, if possible, so that k can be moved. 7.5.3 Marine Enurgendw 7J.3.1 UJS. Coast Guard regulations require that a cargo information card for vinyl chloride be carried aboard the tank harge mounted near a warn ing sign and in such a.poaition as to be easily read by a man staodingoiMhedeck of the barge. The cargo information card shall also,be carried on the bridge or in the pilot house of the towing vessel. Copies are available from the Manufacturing Chemists Associa tion. 1.5.3JZ SpecialSafety Equipment In addition to normal safety equipment pro vided at the dock, the following special items should be available: b. Exptosuneters; c. Ground continuity meter. d. Water with an appropriate number of nozzles. e. Dry chemical fire extinguisher. f. MCA Chemical Safety Data Sheet SD-56 and Cargo Information Card CIC-80. 7,5.3.3 Recommended Emmrgmncy Procedures - 7.5.3.3.1 Leaks of Vinyl Chloride L General--Activate Alarm n. Controllable Leaxs--No Fires a. Isolate teak from source. b. Eliminate ignition source. c. Control spread of vapors by water fog. V- . d. Attempt to repair leak using ade quate safety protection proce- m. Uncontrollable Leaks or Ruptures--No Fires a. Isolate area. b. Remove all sources of ignition. c. Use water spray to prevent ac cumulation'' of Squid to dissipate vapor doud. It is not recommended that , dm ship's fire water supply behootod into the city water supply.) IV. Uncontrollable Leaxs--Fire a. Isolate area. b. Evacuate area except for emer gency personnel. c. Use water fog on fire and fumes (do not extinguish fire unless leak canbecontrolled). d. Use copious amounts of water to keep adjacent#ms cool e. Treat adjacent`tanks, as if about to rupture.. : . d. -Makejprovisioni7t07sainim>ze the --------- >* mixmg^ifaflhwkh^CMvapcn: in confined spfloes.and: the burning tanks or line (water, -uk Li. NjOfinert'gaset). T533X Spilled VoiTIBSSUfwibe deliberately ignited. 7.5.3 !3.3 Recovery or Removal of VinyiChloride^-- Depending upon circumstances and the ex tent of the tank damage VCM may be recoverable 14 R&S161944 Vinyl Chloride Manufacturing Chemists Association but provisions must be made to keep air out of the tank. ,, a. If tank condition permits, transfer con tents to atf empty tank or bade tor shore. b..'"Ittank. cannot be patched anefit does not have a deep well puny or the ' deep wdl puny* cannot'be "used, sparge heated nitrogen into tbebot- tom of the .tank to vaporiz`the " r;; yCM.;,, ; - ; -V . ' ; ' c.,.Fiampty tank Fith.water or mqrtgas. 7.6 STORAGE rv 7,6.1 VCMshouki always be handled with full recognition of its-flammability. Precautions should be taken, both tO'keep the.matenal enclosed and to .limimt* fouiew cftgmtioo... 7.6.2 f - L tsr>C\ a !*><-I** # VCM is nonconosive at normal atmospheric temperatures when dry (moisture free). In contact with water at devateS tempermtures VCM accelerates corrosion of bon or steeL v~ ' . :-*:l;i si- ...r Vj ... . . -- 7.63 VwIaSlIHyjnr.M-V/ . - -m ~ : .,,VCMls\v^Volatile;and is a gas air normal upis. wpQtvKfXS usea.xor tmtLtanpentia* axe nsa^'&bBcr lEnpmnrexiB^Qiranfliivv Uninhibited VCM may be stored either under refrigeration^or at normal-atmospheric temperature in the absence' of dr or sunlight. Regular checks should be madHtiHhe presence of pointers.: .W! JJG '/SW :`r ML' 7.6.5 7.6.5.1 -....... All-jpipiqg ^including JostromeniSf leads), ItnfUK itiab; rfW. itwipM and ' umiiniwiim nu ohms. Electrical lighting, wiring and equipment should- conform to NEC. An efficient water spray system should be installed or made available. Ade- -.quate ;diking, and/or draining- should be provided under tank area to confine and dispose of the liquid in case.of vessel..r*upture. - Cylinder* used to store VCM must meet DOT Specifications. r:: IT 1 .m 1.6S2^\ fsolsri---.- - ~ 'StorageLareas ahoofiJ be selected inaccord- " ance with load codes or authorities havingjurisdic- idonr For* highly volatile and flammable material, `0:Ttbraj^shi6blbe locked outside of bufldmp. -Cylin- ders containing VCM should be stored always-In a ^verticalposfcjou;.outside of buildings, and m an iso- belaied\andbPrit-tveutilated1area. It is preferable to - stonrcyfindeiVtiB the open,' but provision sbould be - jpadc^to itrield them- from the direct rsysof the sun amb prevent- accumulatioa of dirt, snaw^smter, or ice ph valves or safety devices. , 1.6A3 CompsAibim and DangeroushfK*i' Tanksin VCM-service should be Bsed^only for the storageofVCM.BeforeVCM k piaced.rn a ..tank,4hq.vaiei^hoaldbepurged with.^dryiog^gas ^tUoffijfTO^oxygqe.rVCM kgeBenJIynqococtosive at txamdatmospheric,temperatures when.dry (moisuomre^Ql^vgimadjto ^baa,to-ii9to4.whtm.wet,.mi at <_-- ^-rPtreu-.ams.inavbcdonro the-presenceaf; ..... In contact with water atelevated temperatureiVCM accelerates corrosion of iron or steel. Acetylene as at' impurity in VCM may form an explosive* com- potmd' {tcetylide) when exposed to copper or pos- Toys. *- ,i-j. U;,k`, ,n-' ,;7r7.. KEP4$KAGING- Should be dean, DOT. %>edfication^ %13f, f Adeqtute-.-yentilation sbonld^-bfrrprqvided and all sources 'of ^"ignfdon removed from transfer bnaremul .-qamq bat ; TJ signed to have a wonting pressure of atleast 100-150 to locale of planned stbrifgeAl jr trol.vabesFto^Hi^ "* Wsg^ppek***^ of 150 pst or over, to riveted construction. It is recommended wherever possible that all Hfpttjofcf lfapsttter.the bottom or comptctted ps. P^rtfivT 1 -^^the diiiiauiabxilBinicteristlcs of the- metaT ahd may .^oerioosiy-daBiifestheicylindeK' Lownnet' 0f,.dcv>s mayreachjthe fnsingpoint by,the i extend to the bottom^of `the vessel;1 Tltis aids in - guardingegynFjriea^imulatiqd of static electric- ~ bonded untK-trn" ;c gnM^never^ex^^tog25 . --rih'V Tor recommended practice to transfer content!; of a "cylinder sec 73. t -J an, r':"'I-- tone sr-:' 15 NTV/ R&S161945 i Manufacturing Chemists Association Vinyl Chloride 8. TANK AND EQUIPMENT CLEANING AND REPAIRS (SeoMCA Safety Guide SG-10 "Entering Tanks and Other Enclosed Spaces") 8.1 JOB EVALUATION AND PREPLANNING 8.1.1 Because vinyl chloride monomer has phys ical and chemical properties which generate hazards of a toxic and flammable nature, tank and equipment cloning and repairs should be conducted in such a winnar tr> eliminate of rntnimirr. the hazards. (See 10.1.1 Health Hazards--Note concerning Acroosteolysis.) 8.1.2 Equipment and tank cleaning and repair should be under the direction of thoroughly trained personnel who are -fully'familiar with all of the haz ards and the safeguards necessary for the safe per formance of the work. AH precautions pertaining to education, protective equipment, and health and fire hazards should be reviewed and understood. 8.1.3 The hazardous nature of tank inspection, cleaning, and repair requires that the foreman and crew be selected, trained, and drilled carefully. They should be fully familiarwith the hazards and the safe guards necessaryfortber safe-performance <*'the work. The preparation at% stepwbe wock-procedure for the entire job, recognizing aD possible htzards as they might occur, developing sare * procedures and designating suitable protective eqtdpineat, has been found to be pardcularty effective in maintaining work safety. 8.1.4 A written work permit must be prepared bef re tank preparation and entry. It must describe work procedures to be used, hazards which may be encountered and procedures and equipment to be used to nullify these hazards. It must be prepared, reviewed and signed by the supervisor to whom the tank is assigned after they have satisfied themselves that tank entry and repair work can be done safely. 8.2 TANK OR EQUIPMENT CLEANING 8.2.1 Tanks and equipment, pumps, lines and valves should normally be drained and thoroughly cfeaned before bt^ 'Thpairtd.'^orkinCh should never be allowed, to>; attempt to reptuf'equipment while it is in operation aDd.tne lines in service unless special precautions, are hted such'as . "Hot Tap" .Work. ~ L 8.2.2. Smoking; uaecf open flames, andthe pres ence of unauthorized personnel shook! be prohibited. 8.2.3 All lines," wftkh may contain hazardous Substances, entering.or. leaving the tank should be blanked. After draining,' the' tank should be flushed with water to remove any remaining VCM liquid. The tank should then be steamed to remove residual VCM. Water and steam lines and nozzles should be grounded to iMhihnm* hazards of static electricity. The tank should then be cooled by filling with water and draining. Finally, the tank should be purged with fresh air and turn tested for VCM by an ap proved method. It should also be tested for oxygen sufficiency. The controls for all agitators, pumps and other electrical equipment connected to the tank should be padlocked by the worker entering the tank. 8.3 ENTERING TANK 8.3.1 No one should enter a tank or confined space until a work permit has been signed by an authorized person indicating that the vessel Ires been properly prepared, tested and found to be safe. 8.3.2 No workman should enter a tank or vessel that does not have a manhole opening large enough to admit a person wearing a' safety harness, lifeline and emergency respiratory equipment. ^ 8.3.3 Forced air ventflatton is recommended dnring the entire time men are cleaning, repairing or inspecting the tank. Ventilation can be accomriHahed 5gThn*ing or removing vapors from the bottom foe tank efttet/tfaroiigli,. a bottom, opadng or through a large flexible duct Blowers should be sparipiouf and should not be allowed to overheat and thus provide a source of ignition. All men who enter the tank.should wear a safety harness and life line. #8 8.3.4 When a tank car or storage tank is being cleaned , or repaired one man on the outside of the tank should keep the men in the tank under; observa tion. This man should not leave his post or enter the, tank without firet-obtaining-a substitute. Another man should be available nearby to aid in rescue if any of the men in the tank are overcome. 18.3.5 Suitable respiratory protective equipment, together with rescue harness and lifeline, mould ai rways be-focatedoulifcfe the tankforrescue purposes. , - / 8.3.6 Duriog tkeVcoune qf the work, frequent sir umpies should be taken to see that the; coocen- tratioasarewithiuMferange, ^ ai**, isioteiiupfed,4thertankati tested1toda nfeW^woMP permit issued bcfore-wdrk fe resumed. 8.4; EMERGENCY RESCUE1,V V. ;-C* 8.4.f A rescaer shoold -not^eater ^ confined space without wearing approved respiratory protec ts equipment, a safety harness and an attached lifeline. Another employee- should be immediately 16 R&S161946 SMi Manufacturing Chonrists Association Vinyl Chloride for a minimum of 15 minutes with water is required. The pesence of skin and eye washing equipment in the areas where vinyl chloride is used is necessary. Washing supplies and equipment should be maintained and always immediately available. 10.2.3 Physical F.yhmtinns Preplacement examinations should be made on all workers having potential exposure to vinyl chlo ride, with particular emphasis placed upon liver and kidney functions. 10.3 SUGGESTIONS TO PHYSICIANS Treatment for vinyl chloride intoxication is symp tomatic; no special procedures are- required. It should be recognized that the principal target of chronic exposures is the liver, with secondary effects, particularly in acute exposures, to the kidney. In acute overexposures the primary effect is on the central nervous system. Note to Physician: Avoid use of epinephrine or related drugs in treating acute overexposure cases/ since vinyl chloride may sensitize die heart to the arrhythmic action of there drugs. 10.3.1 Oxygen Administration Oxygen has been found useful in the treatment of inhalaoon exposures of many chemamls, especially those capable of causing either immediate or delayed harmful effects in the lungs. In most - exposures, administration of 100% oxygen at atmospheric pressures has been found to be adequate. This is best accomplished by use-of a face mask having a reservoir bag of. the non-rebreathing type.f Inhalation of-100% oxygen should not exceed,one hour of continuous treatment After each' hour,, therapy may be interrupted. It may be remsrituted as the eiiniAnl condition indicates. Some believe that superior results arc obtained when exposures, to lung irritants are treated with oxy gen uaderan'exhalatfcm pressure not exceeding 4 cm. water. Masks providing for such exhalation pressures are .obtainable. A .single treatment may suffice, for minor?exposuies to irritants.' It is believed fay some observer*that oxygen under pressure is usefuLas an aid in the prevention of pulmonary edema-rafter breathing irritants. In the'eventof an exposure causing symptoms or in case of a history of severe exposure, the patient may be treated with oxygen underA cm. exhalation pressure for one-half hour periods out of eveiy hour. Treatment may be continued in this way until symp toms subside or other clinical indications for inter ruption appear. CAUTION: It may not be. fadvisable to ad minister oxygen under` positive pressure in the presence^ of impending^ or muting cardiovascular failore.. The asci.al^mdtcatdm k:not;recommended becausesomechfarinatedhydrecarbonscanacrease the^risk of ventriculatitorilUtion after adrenalin therapy.' 11. FIRST AID 11.1 GENERAL PRINCIPLES First aid should be started at once in case of acute intoxication with Vinyl chloride. Immediately re move the affected individual to fresh air. Refer all injured individuals to a physician and give a detailed accounfoC tfaeincxtatt.,, _ -t 11.2 CONTACT WITH SKIN AND MUCOUS MEMBRANES Vinyl chloride, in^concemrated'form. Is a skin irri tant All contaminated clothing iboold be'remqved at once; and this i^Qthipg;including shoes, if thcre is any evidence of'cbritaram&tioa, should not be' worn again until thoroughly,j{int,fAll affected skin areas should be thoroughly wished with warm water and soap; The individuaUsboutd be referred to a physi cian: - -1 - .. *- 11.3 CONTACT WITH5 EYES If vinyl chloride has entered the eyes, prompt washing with copious quantities of water for.at least 15 minutes should be instituted hnmediafdy:' It is advisable toirrigatethe eyes gently with water at room-temperature in order to minimize additional pain and discomfort Prompt medical attention should be obtained. ' >----------------------------------------------- rwmrer,;. - 11.4 <: INHALATION Promptly remove ectal individual irom ex postingto fresh,air^.r ,, _ ..... .. .effec_ tive immedisgdy shouldrbe aclministerM^provided a person au for such administration by a physician is available. The patient should be comfortably warn but not fiot Stimulants will rarely bet necessary,-where adequate oxygenation is maintained. ^Any-soch drugs for shock treatment shopld be given1 only by the attending physician, "ttevet attempt to give anything by mouth to an unconscious patient. "ri: 18 R&S161947 Vinyl Chlorid* Manvfachring Chemists Association _ r- it- -. -- available to man the lifeline and to assist in the VCM should be done after the container has been rescue if needed. .. The rescuer should.be in view of thoroughly cleaned .of VCM vapors. Pumna sbould the outside attendant .at, all tune^ or-in voice com- ,'jbe.testKl by a competent person to see ifitufree of mmupatioo - w, : w* t ' "'2T* ,IC~'" ' m-- - , , .jjr 8J EXTERIOR) REPAIR!(JFORR, VC3yC.lt is not.recommided that air.,be.ined.to purge a vessel.............. "5WT" 90 nucr .-.'A' If tbericpair work is,interrupted, the tanlfeatmow- All outside welding. bnming`/bi` spaiproducing pheie should be checked thoroughly and a new work work on tanks or equipment which have contained JO. >Ui 'a! permit issued beforeiesumption f work._ r.01 no 2z -ohfj 'r--- ' ;k .'i : .. ,"j ion a" ' ?. WASTE:;D)SP<ysAt (See 7.5) `FfjXtr r. u " T' . ,,V '* . '.z~. z :. '- ,sb VWfc: 9.1 All Federal.State, and: Local regulations're 9.3 Wheik. a waste disposal ^robtem^anses as a garding Jiealth ;and spoliation should-be'observed. result of Vmajor spill or equipment raptnrer Only Disposal-ofwaste? material however,: depeeds*toa ^property, protected andqualified pcnonnj&-should great extent upon surroundings, weather conditions .remain in the area. ^ and the emergency making disposal necessary. 1- ISCfNL JJ---. -f.L'f . tyiii 92 When it beoomcs necessary to-dispore of VCM Waste mixtures containing VCM shouldworbe as such, it is preferable to do so as a vapor, venting r allowed to enter dram or sewers as serious expMous to aaarea free of any source of ignition. in soch systems may result - - -v."- w: S9}fs 10. MEDICAL MANAGEMENT bws-,. ,;0!V 33T io.i .hwith;^uu|s; xmA symptoms resembling mild alcohol int a 10.1.1 Vinyl chloode monomerdoes notpresent aserioasmdintrim health--hazard provided workers ireede^telycsopeAWBcd'.jmdiobterve'Xherproper means Ot HanHIing'ttii and Health Act, the U.S. Department of Laborhas humans. Levels approximatety 16,0QQ>pptttft>C uie of time will produce vyyidcaBBS of , with light-headedness, 'son&mrurea, and h*, r--w ^ Visual and auditory respo^;10t*Kt h umans. ' -- -- - ' -*r- !*rtnrtvf,-. set a 500 ppm Ceiling Value on permitted employee 10.1.3 Chronic Toxicity exposures. Based upon animal and human observa tions, this level provides considerable margin of The liver is the principal target resulting from safety for industrial exposures. c. $ t -excessive chronic exposure. The currently recom- ' mended ceiling level (OSHA) of 500 ppm is well Note: A syndrome termed occupational acro- below a level producing any signs or symptoms of ostedysis,. characterised.: primarily by ^-Rayoaud's toxidty. f.li phenomenon and osteolytic changes in certain,bones, particulariy the distal , phalanges-of-the hands, has been noted among certain workers -in vinyl chloride sinoi. v> -r. - -; 10^. PREVENTIVE MEASURES ma/nii&Bia. polymerizatioq-operations. The pacific cause of this disease, and particularly any rok ^aycd lby-,vinyl ilc i:ii J'1' fij.lr.s;:-jvii*f bafj*10^.1 vVAH opexaurais m which,yuw,fflgi!*f.ss used shoulabe regularly evaluated^ chloride, is unknown. - concentrations kept, at airtimes, bdowySOO^jpin. Recent research studies< reported rfftxbt Italy in Sophistkatetkair /sampIm^b&hnlquesWtt^iret^ted. dicate that repeated, long-term high level exposures of ratstoVmyrxlJon^Tm>iiCTner vapor^Sm iretilt in Tins indudes gas chromttography. 'ProCdmea'must ' the devd^pm^f M^C&iignimt^TUtrioft.'Hdwbver, many years, of 'nida^ttni^^ieh^ px- 'hoswreWfen " ^ , -----W----K---/-cur- rent standaatis^havt^t'ISemonstraied any cardnojg u yo noouuji.^viiuurUj,, tr,.u'j(uc. v.i. tmew vlt"fifTKrftnou vi blood? irsfteu 10.1.2 ^AeutTWxidty vis iLrw eituslurnii? , ,..mrte,'if?K?4)i*W'KSoq:p&"K've out bt contact with the eyes. If accidental <xmt^4o the skin occurs, immediate washing with soap and minutes exposure ; ^ required to .'produce minimal water is necessary, if to the'eyes, immediate irrigation ' Hi. tqmoir 17 i * t 6 4 R&S161948 i f r - ,, Y 'i. _ S-C,' . _ . 'r-'_( *i ` **j. - i . J * ' ;,'/* ' . 1 ' - * - f'-'1 j - '^ `- v '' - * ; -- - <* w ^ - `V- ' ` : i-^*> * *'fcl :*w .-"* - ,. .,^:v V. *%4. /or u *j ' -I ......' ' '-a*.. _ iJiO '5*0'? 'Syf-i.' ... ' ^ *-A?` V .. "f ".. -"; - inff *T' f-C' * lr_, . - ':c; . "^:f /^rrCi v*ufoT - j, .j jprj, - , * " f4 ,' - : . M ' 1 ... 3*38 v^n KAS ~~ WM 'x:* '.-*5*' 'J r< |`* j ..,,_.... i*WlM . s^r-Jr-OsT ____ jA J.'.lit' . V,^*- ' a: .. .. `f4 - : :*o. . \7~ C-CS tSV .**02' {i"F M3 3': ..-----8M3 COYei) .. <r_-cc *%#' _. -: " - ^ t;. Jiijr 'jGTis? nc&\~. * *#'i*k #%... *. rsiv'.i i` r-Vr r r1- ; bnr u M.ainr ;. s-o^ ia*. I ,' cvfv:? j HOtTADOWA TZ3M0 OMISUT3AWHAM | *000 S> .0 vwoti?nliiioW ,*uoavA h!to*tt3 &? | ^ri-ES'-SO? !ei-.or{c j _______________________________________________ ______________ __ j - * * '> R&S161949 OTHER CHEMICAL SAFETY DATA SHEETS AVAILABLE (Date of latest available edition, at of March 1972, given in parenfhetet) Acetaldehyde(1952) SD-43 Acetic Acid(1951) SD41 Acetic Anhydride________0962) SD-15 Acetone 0962) SD-87 Acetylene 0957) SD-7 Acrolein0961) SD-85 Acrylonitrile0964) S0-31 Aluminum Chloride______(1956) SD-62 Ammonie Anhydrous____ (I960) $D-S Ammonia Aqua(1947) SOU Ammonium Diehromata --0952) S045 Aniline0963) S017 Antimony Trichloride (Anhydrous)___________ 0957) SD-66 Arsenic Trioxlde0956) $060 Benzene 0960) S02 Benzoyl Peroxide0960) SD-81 Benzyl Chloride0957TSD49 BetanapMhytamiiw ___0949) SD* Boron Hydrides0961) SD-84 Bromine 0968) SD-49 Butadiene0954) SD-55 n-ButylUthium in Hydrocarbon Solvents --0966) SD-91 Butyraldehydes . -______ 0960) SD-78 Calcium Carbide________ 0967) SD-23 Carbon Oisuffide - .. . 0967) SD-12 Carbon Tetrachloride____ 0963) SD3 Caustic Potash0968) SD-10 Caustic Soda0968) SD-9 Chlorine0970) SD-80 Chloroform 0962) SD-89 Chiorosuifonic Add. ,0968) SD-33 Chromic Add0952) SD44 (tresnl nydohexene Diethyiamine --0952) SMS 0957) SD-68 ... 09711 SM7 Diethylenetriemine 0959) SD-76 Dimethyl Sulfate --0956) SD-19 Dinitrotoluenes gthyl Anetste 0966) SD-93 (iwn sasi Ethyl Chloride Fthyf Fther 0953) SD-50 (1065) SMO Ethylene DlcWoride_____0971) SD-18 Ethylene Oxide - 09711 SD-38 Formaldehyde ...... 0960) SD-1 Hydrochloric Add --0970) SD-39 Hydrocyanic Add Hydrofluoric Add 0961} SD-67 09701 SMS Hydrogen Peroxide (leaf SD-53 Hydrogm Sulfide . _ ,0968) SD46 Isopropytamlaa- --flMTMMSE Lead Oxides 0956} SD-64 Maleic Anhydride 0962} SD-88 Methanol 0970) SD-22 Methyl Acrylate and Ethyl Acrylate____ ____ 0960) SD-79 Methyiamines 0955) SD-57 Methyl Bromide 0968) SD-35 Methyl Chloride 0970) SMO Methylene Chloride.____ 0962) SD-86 Methyl Ethyl Katona ____ 0961) SD-83 Mixed Add ____ 0956) SMS Naphthalene ____ 0956)6058 Nitric Add ____ 0961) SD-6 paraNitroaniUna___ ____ 0966) SD-94 Nitrobenzene 0967) SMI Nitrocelluloaa (Wet Typed 0970) SD-96 Ortho-Dichlorobenzene -0953) SD-54 Paraformaldehyde (I960) SD-6 Perchloroethvlem (19711 SD34 Perchloric Acid Solution--(19 SO-U Phenol (19641 SM Phosgene _ 0967) SD-95 Phosphoric Acid 0958) SD-70 Phosphoric Anhydride__ 0948) S&Z6 Phosphorus, Elemental --0947) SD-16 Phosphorus Oxychloride -0968) SMS Phosphorus Pentasuifide .(1958) SD-71 Phosphorus Trichloride --0972) SO-27 Phthellc Anhydride_____ (1956) SD-61 Propylene 0956) SD-59 Sodium Chlorate0952} SD42 Sodium Cyanide------------ 0967) SD-30 Sodium, Metallic0962) SD47 Sodium and Potassium Dichromatas(1952) SD-46 Styrene Monomer(1971) SDS7 Sulfur0959) SO-74 Sulfur Chlorides(1960) SO-77 Sulfur Dioxide0953) SDS2 Sulfuric Add(1963) SMO Tetrachloroethane ______ 0949) SDS4 Toluene (1956) SD-63 Tduidine0961) SD42 Toluene Dfitocyanate___ 0921) SO>73 1,1,1-Trichloroethene --(1965) SD40 TrichloroethyleneQ9SQ SD-J4 Virtyl Acetate(1970) SCW5 Vinyl Chloride :0972) $0-56 Zirconium and Hafnium Powder(1966) SD-98 Fqf Pubncorienrilff and pricesrwrlte or phone-- -- Publications Sarvic* MANUFACTURING CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION ~~ Phone. 202--483-4126 07B*S000 R&S161950