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AROCLORS
AS USED TO EXTEND OR SUBSTITUTE CARNAUBA VAX
.
Monsanto Technical Bulletin No. P-132
Monsanto Chemical Company St. Louis 4, Mo.
June 1, 1948
Selected blends of AROCLORS*, chlorinated biphenyl and chlorinated polypheryls, are attractive extenders or sub stitutes for carnauba vax in the manufacture of polishes. This bulletin gives several practical formulas using Aroclors in vax blends possessing the qualities of car nauba wax for automobile, vood, leather and linoleum polishes.
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I. INTRODUCTION
The AROCLORS, chlorinated biphenyl and chlorinated polyphenyls, when properly blended possess the unusual qualities required to satisfac torily extend or substitute carnauba vax. Moreover, the extension of carnauba vax with blended Aroclors constitutes not only a saving of this unique and versatile wax, which has become scarcer in supply, but it also offers an attractive saving in cost.
Particularly in England, considerable work has been done to replace carnauba vax with blend3 of other vaxes and Aroclors. Much of the following information about the use of Aroclors for this purpose is taken from the publication "Carnauba Vax Substitutes" by G. V. Wood (Maxvaxa Limited), presented in the Manufacturing Chemist and Manu facturing Perfumer, March 1948, Volume XIX.
The physical properties of Aroclors are given in Monsanto's Techni cal Bulletin No. P-115, "The Aroclors".
II. PROPERTIES OF PURE CARNAUBA VAX
Pure carnauba vax has the following characteristics:
Specific gravity ......... Melting point ..... ....................... Acid value.......................................... Sap. value.........................................
0.99 at 15C. 84.1-91C. 2.0-7.0
78.4-88.3mg. KOH
Although there are several grades of commercial carnauba vax, in general
the following properties are typical:
.
Specific gravity ........................................ O.978 at 15c.
Acid value . ....................................... .
7.8
,
Sap. value .
........................ ....
87.0
. Iodine value . ........................................ 9.9$
Alcohols ............................................
49.22$
Melting point of alcohols .... 8lC.
..
Acetyl value .......................................... . 122
Hydrocarbons . ........................................ Nil
These properties indicate to the experienced vax blender that the preparation of a worthwhile substitute for carnauba requires the use of unique materials in order to conform vith the qualities of the natural vax.
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CHARACTERISTICS OP A CARNAUBA VAX SUBSTITUTE
the principal requirements of a good carnauba vax substitute are:
Hardness or penetration value should be at least equal to that of the natural vax.
Texture should be homogeneous, preferably non-crystalline ana somewhat brittle.
Melting point should be similar to the natural vax and . 'the setting point should not be more than about 6C.
belov this point, other-vise protracted cooling phenomena vill be experienced.
Performance. Especially vith respect to physical appear
ance and performance, the substituted vax composition
must possess the working characteristics of the natural
vax vjith reference to the particular end use application
of the substitute.
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IV. PREPARATION OP CARNAUBA VAX SUBSTITUTES
The early vorlc done both in America and in Europe to prepare carnauba
vax substitutes vas based largely on blending materials such as paraf
fin vax, ceresin, colophony, montan vax, beesvax, candelilla vax, ozo-
jcerite and shellac vax to arrive at a blend possessing properties simi
lar to carnauba vax. Like the case of carnauba vax, several of these
jjaturally occurring substitute materials have increased in price and
jjsve become scarce. Al3o, vith the use of naturally occurring vaxes
t;hre has alvays been the problem of maintaining uniform quality.
5>hse factors led to the recent interest in Aroclor3 as extenders or
substitutes for carnauba vax. A number of suggested blends and the
characteristics are given in the following table.
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COMPOSITION AND CHARACTERISTICS OP AROCLOR-VAX BLENDS
Parts by No. Composition Weight
Color
Aroclor 1268 5.0 |
Aroclor 1242 (1) Carnayba wax
2.5 2.5
|
Cere3in
20.0 )
Paraffin
70.0
^
Light Cream
Texture
*
Softening Point
Smooth, hard non-tacky
58C.
Melting
Point
.
67.5C.
-3
00
oc
Aroclor 1268 10.0
Aroclor 1242 (2) Carnauha wax
5.0 5.0
j
Ceresin
20.0 )
Paraffin
60.0 )
Pale
Similar to
yellow,
above
white
60C.
Aroclor 1268 19.6
Aroclor 1242 (3) Carnauba vax
4.9 6.8
j
Ceresm
19.6 )
Paraffin
49.0
Pale
Similar to
yellow
above
77C.
79C.
Aroclor 1268 30.0 )
Aroclor 1242 5.0
W Carnauba vax 10.0 1
Coresin
20.0 1
Paraffin
35.0
Pale
Smooth, hard.
yellow slightly
brittle
78C.
Aroclor 1268 35.0
Aroclor 1242 5.0
(5) Carr.auba vax 30.0 1
Ceresin
20.0 i
Faraffin
10.0
Pale cream
Slight surface 79C. crystallinity
Aroclor 1268 35.0
Aroclor 1242 5.0 (6) Carsauba vax 40.0
Ceresin
20.0
._
Cream
Similar to above
8lC.
78C. 86C. 86.5C.
Aroclor 1268 35.0
(7)
Aroclor 1242 Carnavba vax
5.0 50.0 ]
Corasin
io.o
Cream Smooth; carnau- 80.5C, ba ringed surface
88 C.
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It should be noted that a liquid or plasticizer-type Aroclor such
as Aroclor 1242 is used in combination vith the resinous-type Aro-
dor 1268. This is done to enhance the compatibility of the resinous
type Aroclors with the wax and to increase solubility of the blend
in inexpensive solvents such as mineral spirits. Mixtures of Aroclors
1254 and 5460 are also suggested for preparing the wax blends.
A good commercial natural brown grade of ceresin wax is incorporated
for binding and absorption of all surplus liquid in the wax blend.
The standard white commercial grade of paraffin wax, melting point
135-l40F., is used largely as a filler. The type of carnauba wax
used in preparing the blend3 is prime yellow with a melting point of
84.5C.
..
All of these compositions possess excellent molding properties and would be entirely suitable for the manufacture of molded products. Mixtures No. 5, 6 and 7 can be especially recommended for this pur
pose or for electrical insulation work.
Mixture No. 4 is excellent for use in polishes.
V. TYPICAL FORMULAE OF POLISHES
The following are typical formulae for a household polish and a car polish;
Household Polish
Composition
Parts by weight
Composition No. 4 (Table I) . . Natural ozokerite . ..... Paraffin, hard . . ..... Mineral spirits .................................
1 3 26 70
Characteristics. This is a smooth, soft paste possessing very good
polishing properties on wood and linoleum.
.
Car Polish
Composition
. - Parts by weight
Composition Ho. 4 (Table I) . . Candelilla wax.................... ..... , . Natural ozokerite ............................ Mineral spirits .................................
15
2 3 80
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