Document zQJgYOOMBq7NqrMJR81xnkXk0

4 1967 CONTENTS OFFICERS p. 5--20 CEMENT.QUARRY, MINERAL, OFFICERS p. 31-33 CHEMICAL OFFICERS p. 39-41 ARTICLE: COAL MINING SECTION - IMPORTANCE OF DUST CONTROL p. 3-6 pneumoconiosis p. 3-5 ARTICLE: COAL MINING SECTION - WHAT THE COAL INDUSTRY CONTROL DUST p. 6-8 si1ica dust p. S silicosis and other respiratory ailments p. 3 IS DOING TO COAL MINING OFFICERS p. 36-38 ARTICLE: CONSTRUCTION SECTION - OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH IN CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY p. 21-25 lung cancer in asbestos insulators p. 21 asbestosis, asbestos dust, asbestos spray gun p. 22 computer output of lung cancer in asbestos insulators p. 24 THE CONSTRUCTION OFFICERS p. 59-61 ELECTRICAL OFFICERS p. 14, 15 GLASS, CERAMICS, RUBBER, PLASTICS OFFICERS p. 43-46 INDUSTRIAL OFFICERS p. 155-158 LABOR SAFETY OFFICERS p. 38, 39 MARINE OFFICERS 48-50 METALS OFFICERS p. 36-38 ARTICLE: MINING SECTION - THE MINER AND HIS ENVIRONMENT p. 4-16 pulmonary dusts p. 6 silicosis p. 7 MINING OFFICERS p. 54, 55 PETRGLEUM OFFICERS p. 43, 44 PUBLIC UTILITIES OFFICERS p. 30, 31 RAILROAD OFFICERS p. 30, 31 WOOD, TEXTILE, OFFICERS p. "4--47 NSC-19 00061 j VOLUME 1 OF THE TRANSACTIONS j 55th NATIONAL SAFETY CONGRESS ; (October 23-26, 1967, Chicago) ' Papers Delivered in the j GENERAL SESSIONS [ (With List of Exhibitors and General Index) 000613 ! CONTENTS five Years of Future Dates for the National Safety Congress | Officers of the National Safety Council 1967-68 ...................... ; Trustees of the National Safety Council 1967-68 .................... j S-nrd of Directors of.the National Safety Council 1967-68 ... t f ANNUAL COUNCIL MEETING : invocation........................................................................... Rabbi Mordscsi Bimw 21 | Minutes of the Annual Council Meeting.......................................R. L. Forney 2 2 t Address............................................................................... Brooks McCorwict- ?' J. | Adless............................................................................... Kenton Vandcmnr!: 35 President's Report.........................................................................Howartl Fy-'t 2/ NATIONAL SAFETY CONGRESS BANQUET Invocation...................................................................Dr. W. Henry Shillinn>'V> :'0 National Safety Congress Banquet . ................................................................. E.tlvtjUors--55th National Safety Congress & Exposition.................................. Ii'd ' < to All (28) Volumes of 1967 National Satety Congress........................ 0th Volumes in 1967 National Safety Congress Transactions ... ^ ir|- PLAN NOW TO ATTEND THE NATIONAL SAFETY CONGRESS OCTOBER 28-31, 1968 / CONRAD HILTON HOTEL, CHICAGO The Congress is always a big week, a worthwhile week for the 13,000 safety people who attend. At the '68 Congress you can meet other safety people, with the same problems and responsibilities as yourself. You can exchange views and ideas on accident preven tion, health, hygiene, and fire prevention ... on safety in industry, traffic, school, at home and on the farm. You can see the largest of all safety equipment exhibits at the Congress ... an opportunity for you to make wellinformed buying decisions for your company. This four-day educational program, planned and pre sented by the National Safety Council, can be your most thought-provoking, most worthwhile safety expe rience in 1968. Make plans early to attend the 1968 Congress and bring the other people in your organization who have safety : responsibilities. FUTURE CONGRESS OATES 1968 October 28 31 1969 October 27 30 1970 October 26 29 1971 October 25 28 1972 October 23 26 NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 425 NORTH MICHIGAN AVENUE CHICAGO, ILLINOIS 60811 I National Safety Council OFFICERS-! 967-68 Chairman, Hoard of Directors--A. S. Alston, F.sccutivc \'i l'i, .|. dent, American Telephone and Telegraph Company. Now 'C-t1, New York President--lIowaiid Pyle, President, National Safely Cnnn.il, (;|,i cago, Illinois Vice President for Farms--Nomman C. Minihuim, Director, National 4-11 Service Committee, Inc., Chicago, Illinois Vice President for Finance-]. 11. Sciiwaiiten, Eserutive W- IV ,i dent, City Products Corporation, Chicago, Illinois Vice President for Homes-]. II. Tyi.kii McColm i.l, Pn -.i-l----I, I' I, ware Trust Company, Wilmington, Delaware Vice President for Industry--11. S. McFarland', Director of IVis.m"l Services, General Motors Corporation, Detroit, Michigan Vice President for Labor--Anrilun P. Cildi-a, Secretary-Treasurer. United Brewery Workers, Cincinnati, Ohio Vice President for Membership--Herman J. Si-pkiiku. Canfi.T-l. ('hi-. Vice President for Motor Transportation--IIaiiiiy IS. Foci chop, SemVi Executive Vice President, Fruehnuf Corporation, Detroit, Mh-InVan Vice President for Production--llue.ii Cuims, Dean, School of |nni.. nalisin, Drake University, Dos Moines, Iowa Vice President for Public Information-John J. Kaiioi., Vico J'rosid. nt. Director of Special Projects, CBS Television Network. NVw Vo-t. New York Vice President for Public Safety-- Hoiieiit A. Oi.i.n, Via- I'pH I- o'. Car Wood Industries, Inc., Wayne, Michigan Vice President for Religious Leaders--Eiuvin D. Caniiam, Editor in Chief, The Christian Science Monitor, Boston, Massachir National Safety Council (Officers, continued) Vice President fur Research--Nohvin C. Kiei-kr, M.D., Chief Medical Director, The Equitable Life Assurance Society of the United States, New York, New York Vice President for Schools and Colleges--Dn. Dewey F. Baiucm, Pres ident, Detroit Institute of Technology, Detroit, Michigan Vice President for Stale and Local Safety Organizations--C. IIunteh Omekn, Vice President, Southern Bell Telephone and Telegraph Company, Louisville, Kentucky Vice President for Traffic--Ren West, Attorney, Nashville, Tennessee Vice President for Women--Mns. Hoiiace Dawson, Illinois State Legislator, Evanston, Illinois Vice President for Youth Activities--Alex A. Maleski, Associate Di rector Program Services, Boys' Clubs of America, New York, New York Executive Vice President--John D. Lawloh, Executive Vice Presi dent, National Safely Council, Chicago, Illinois Secretary and Treasurer--R. L. Founey, Secretary and Treasurer, Na tional Safety Council, Chicago, Illinois Assistant Treasurer--]. D. Fuleoiid, Director, Treasury Division, Na tional Safety Council, Chicago, Illinois National Safety Council TRUSTEES-! 967-68 Chairman of the Trustees-- IIowaiiu I'yi.k, President, National Salt's Council, Chicago, Illinois Vice Chairman of the Trustees--A. E. Perlman, President, Penn (a m tral. New York, New York t j> Members A. S. Alston, Executive Vice President, American Teh phone and Telegraph Company, New York, New York (Kx-Ollicio) E. H. Bailey, President, Union Pacific llailroad Company, Omaha. Nebraska Melvin II, Baker, Honorary Chairman, National Cypsmn Company, Buffalo, New York B. F. Barker, Chairman, PPG Industries, Inc., Pittsburgh, Pennsylva nia Mns. Olive A. Beech, President and Chairman, Beech Aircraft Cmp., Wichita, Kansas Charles Dana Bennett, Washington, D. C. Harold Blancke, Former Chairman, Cclanese Corporation of Amer ica, New York, New York D. W. Brosnan, Former Chairman, Southern Hailway System, W ' hington, D. C. Walter J. Burke, Secretary-Treasurer, United Steelworkers nl Amer ica, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Walteii F. Carey, President, Automobile Carriers Inc., Flint, Mi- higan Joseph F. Cullman, Iiiij, Chairman, Philip Morris, Incm pm.iled. New York, New York J. Doyle DeWitt, Chairman, The Travelers, Hartford, f ( !it nl National Safety Council (Trustees, continued) IUssi:u. Di:You\u, Cljaimuui, Goodyear Tire 6c Huliber Company, Akron, Ohio Ki NirioN Dunn, ('luinnan of the* Hoard, AHKX Corporation, New Yoik, Ni\v York Emiu; V. Du Pont, Director, E. I. do Pont de Nemours & Company, Inc.. Wilmington, Delaware T. M. Evans. C'hairman, Crane Co.. New York. New York Edwin II. Gott, President, United States Steel Corporation, Pitts burgh. Pennsylvania K. Hoi.and IIaiuuman, Hrown Brothers Ilarriman ami Company, New York, Now York I. V. I Ieiiii, Chairman of tlio Boards, The Continental Insurance Com panies, New Volk, New York William A. Unwin, Chairman, Deere & Company, Moline, Illinois Chant Kkeiin, Vice Chairman, The Equitable Life Assurance Society of the United Stales, New York, New York Jamks II. Kiam, President, Avco Corporation, New York, New York John- H. Kimiu-.iily, Kimberly-Clark Corporation, Neenah, Wisconsin Joseph L. Lanieii, Chairman, West Point-Peppercll, Inc., West Point, Georgia Stanley Leaiineii. Vice Chairman, Phillips Petroleum Company, Bar tlesville, Oklahoma Edmund Ir. Maiitin*, Chairman, Bethlehem Steel Corporation, Bethle hem, Pennsylvania J. A. Maiitino, Chairman, National Lead Company, New York, New York Biiiny Mason, Jil, Chairman, Union Carbide Corporation, New York, Non York Neil McLlhoy, Chairman, The Procter & Gamble Company, Cincin nati, Ohio i.. National Safety Council I r\. i <hiimu. r! Hoiiemi S. (tei.MAN, (.haiunan, The Natinnal (i llwoslri r ,,j> . Oaylnu, Ohio A. E. Peiilman, President, Penn (.'ential. New Ymk. New York C. L. Piiili.ippe, Chairman of the Board, Genera! Llectrie Compan*., New York, New York IIowaiii) Pyle, President, National Safely Cmmeil, Chicacn, lllineis (Ex-OWcm) r .j J. M. Roche, President, General Motors Corporation, Dilmit, Miehi(tan II. I. Homnes, Chairman, American Telephone and Tclciriaph (j mpany. New York, New Y'ork lb S. Stevenson, Chairman, Allis-Chalmers Mai it i f.it 11 n i n ; Cnmi Milwaukee, Wisconsin Do. John F. Thompson, Honorary Chairman, The Inti a national Nickel Company, Inc., New York, New York Lynn A. Townsend, Chairman, Chrysler Corporation, Detroit, ? )i< !URan M. J. Waiinock, Chairman, Arnistruui' Cork Company, Lancaster, Pennsylvania John L. Weinberg, Partner, Goldman, Sachs & Compam, New York. New York Hunter P. Wiiaiiton, General President, International Union of fVeratiiig Engineers, Washington, D. C. Hoiieiit W. Woodruff, Chairman, Finance Committrv, The Grv.-aCola Company, Atlanta, Georgia National Safety Council BOARD OF DIRECTORS-! 967-68 Chairman of the Board of Directors--A. S. Alston, Executive Vice President, American Telephone and Telegraph Company, New York, New York Vice-Chairman of the Board of Directors--Dn. Dewey F. Baricii, President, Detroit Institute of Technology, Detroit, Michigan Members Edward S. Adams, Director of Safety, Iowa Farm Bureau, Dcs Moines, Iowa William R. Adams, President, St. Regis Paper Company, New York, New York RonEHT H. Aliiisseii, Safety Coordinator, Corporate Personnel Rela tions, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey Cole A. Allen, Vice President, American Mutual Liability Insurance Company, Wakefield, Massachusetts A. S. Alston, Executive Vice President, American Telephone and Telegraph Company, New York, New York Sidney Altf.iiman, President, Altcrman Transport Lines, Inc., Miami, Florida Dudley Andry, Manager, Metropolitan New Orleans Safety Council, New Orleans, Louisiana Richard K. Ayeus, Managing Director, Metropolitan Safety Council, Denver, Colorado Da. Dewey F. Baiucii, President, Detroit Institute of Technology, Detroit, Michigan F. R. Baunako, Manager of Compensation and Safety, Bethlehem Steel Corporation, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania M. F. IIiancardi, Manager, Safety & Workmen's Compensation Serv ices, Allis-Chahners Manufacturing Company, Milwaukee, Wiscon sin Dn. Richard W. Bishop, Associate Professor, Physical Education Depaitment, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida . Eiiwaud J. Bock, Vice President, Monsanto Company, St. Louis, Mis souri Rodeut F. Boweiis, Director Personnel Relations, Chrysler Corpora tion, Detroit, Michigan National Safety Council I ft.Mill Mm, ' Carroi.i. W. Boyce, Chief Editor - Fleet Owner Magazine, M < a Hill, Inc.. New York. New York C.'aenAH IllUNCIIiNI, Manager of Teelmieal Nerviees, The K.|ii;i dde Life Assurance Society of the United Slates, Nexv York, New V ,,k Ci.aiik D. Rnioucs, Managing Director, lodostiial Medical Assn, i <ti>>11. Chicago, Illinois Russell I. Brown, Rockville, Maryland James (). Bunco, President, James Rmpo Insurance, lne.. Saeiaoe-ulo. California '1 ffahold BunsoN, President, lhnson-MaistclIcr Associate:;. i\Vc. Yml. New York Ci.ayton D. Calkins, Manager, Safety A- Personnel, Pacific Mniin Trucking Cn., San Francisco, California Eiiwin D. Caniiam, Editor in Chief, The Christian Science Monitor, Boston, Massachusetts Walter F. Carey, President, Automobile Carriers Inc., Flint, Mulli gan Allen L. Corii, Director of Industrial Safety, Eastman Kodak f pany, Rochester, New York Dll. Seymour J. Cohen, The Auslio Emet Synagogue, Chicago, fllie John T. Collier, Special Projects Officer, Legislation and Pul die fairs, U. S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare. \\ ington, D. C, Paul IL Connellky, United Brotherhood of Carpenters ami Join x of America, Washington, D. C. Dn. John D. Connors, Executive Secretary, Committee on Safely a I Occupational Health, American Federation of Labor and Cmim of Industrial Organizations, Washington, D. C. John M. Couric, Vice President for Public Relations, Na'ion-1 ' ciation of Hroadeasters, Washington, D. C. Ernest G. Cox, Deputy Director, Bureau of Motor C.tnea S.i!Federal Highway' Administration, Washington, D. C. If. E. Crawford, Vice President, General Motors Gorpoiali troit, Michigan ' , . _. James M. Chawi; North America, or Vico IVcsidenl;- Insiipp^i^ ipp liia, IVnjtsyIv:min *r 7,\ Much E. Cuims, Moines, Iowa hoo! of lonmalism, Drake Uni\ji t :iI \, D : 000G17 # Hcilional Safety Council (Hoard of Directors, continued) National Safety Council (Hoot(J of Din t ton, ' Du. C. Fiiazieii Da muon, Professor of Safety Education, School of Education, Tlic University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin M. It. Darlington Jn., Managing Director, Auto Industries Highway Safety Committee, Inc., Washington, D. C. II. C. Daulton, Director of Safety, Louisville & Nashville Railroad Co., Louisv ille, Kentucky L. B. Davis, Vice President & General Manager, Defense Programs Division, General Electric Company, Washington, D. C. I Ion. Mattie Belli; Davis, Judge, Metropolitan Court of Dade County, Miami, Florida Mas. IIoiiace Dawson, Illinois State Legislator, Evanston, Illinois Anthony De Lorenzo. Vice President, General Motors Corporation, rs_.---\r: vision, Deere & Company, Moline, Illinois Frederick J. Dodson, Assistant Vice President, Liberty Mutual Insur ance Company, Boston, Massachusetts ".......... ri. 'Z-.- 'r. C/._irr.-.''errr.'irr. C' : ; -.. V.'.r'h !c MeLsr.nan. Donald A. Dukelosv. M.D., Assistant Director, Department of Com munity Health and Health Education, American Medical Associa tion, Chicago, Illinois Emile F. du Pont, Director, E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Company, Inc., Wilmington, Delaware James P. Economos, Director, Traffic Court Program, American Bar Association, Chicago, Illinois Ciiahles W. Feucuson, Senior Editor, The Reader's Digest, Pleasantvillc. New York D. M. Fergusson, Superintendent of Safety - Personal Lines, Nation wide Insurance Company, Columbus, Ohio Alvin M. Feiist, Jn., Vice President, .Rich's, Inc., Atlanta, Georgia A. C. Field, Jil, Manager, Public Affairs, WCN Continental Broad casting Corporation, Chicago, Illinois Maurice Fischer, Assistant to the Editor, Chicago Daily News, Chi cago, Illinois 12 Dn. Lowell B. Fished, Coordinator of School University It>-lai University of Illinois, Urhana, Illinois . Dn. A. E. Floiuo, Professor of Safety F.ihiealioo. Department ol Health and Safety Education, University of Illinois, Champ-lien. Illinois Paiikeii C. Folse, Safety Advisor, Mobil Oil Corporation. New Yml. New York J Eikiaii J. Foiiio, The Coca Cola Company, Atlanta, Georgia IIaiiuy E. Foolkiiod, Senior Executive Vice President, Erurhaul Cm poratiou, Detroit, Michigan Mns. John G. Fowled, National Vice Chairman of Vohintms, ThAmerican National Red Cross, Washington, D. C. Wf.liiy M. Fiiantz, President, Eastern Express, Inc., Terre Haul-. In diana John W. CiunoNs, Director of Public Relations, Automotive Saf- ly Foundation, Washington, I). C. Authuii P. Cildea, Secretary-Treasurer, United Brewery Worki-is. Cincinnati, Ohio RonEiir E. Cocke, Vice President, Safely fi Regulatory Iti-lalino-. Creylumnd Lines, Inc., Chicago, Illinois Ceoiice L. Goiiiiell, Manager, Personnel Safety, Monsanto Company. St. Louis, Missouri Dan D. Cowings, Assistant Professor, School of Health, Physical Edu cation and Recreation, Indiana Slate University, Terre Haute, Indi ana ! Wm. Paul Gray, National Executive Secretary, Future Farmers of America, Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Washing ton, D. C. : C. Hunter Green, Vice President, Southern Bell Telephone and Tele graph Company, Louisville, Kentucky Geiiard O. Griffin, Manager, Hazard Control, Dravo Cnrpoialirm. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Rev. Robert A. Gn Seminary, St. Louis etor of Seminarv Relation UK.Oldi 1 Samuel R. Guard, h and Chicago Daily Roy Haeusler, Chic ion, Detroit, Michi Marketing Research, Chi4^i^|ui-Tim> Chicago, Illinois J ^ ' 0>OOGiit8AiltJiliJiJifSaletK Chrvsfe^Sorp-n a National Safety Council (liotnd of Directors, continued) Kinv vnn It. I 1ai.i:i:h M , International S:11(Hepresenlalive, liileniat j<nml Association n( Fire Fighters, Cincinnati, Uliiu An i ML'it A. Mansion, .Secretary, The Hartford Insurance Croup, Hart ford, Connecticut 111:11111:111 E. i l.uu'ini, l'vcsiilent, Public Service Coordinated Transport, Maplewood, New Jersey H. M. IIaiitman, Assistant Manager of Compensation and Safety, llethlehcm Steel Corporation, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania Aliiemt L. Hauck, Director, Safety and Public Helations, Transporta tion Underwriters, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana Daniel F. Haves, Chief, Industrial Safety & Eire Protection Branch, United States Atomic Energy Commission, Washington, D. C. lUniEUT C. Hendon, Vice President, Industry Affairs, REA Express, New York, New York Hu.ssr.1.1. E. Heston, Director of Engineering, Grinnoll Mutual Rein surance Company, Crinnell, Iowa W. C. Hewitt, Senior Vice President, Phillips Petroleum Company, Bartlesville, Oklahoma Donald M. IIigcins, Director, Health and Safety Service, National Council, Boy Scouts of America, New Brunswick, New Jersey Ur. Iticv. Mscn. Ceouck C. Higgins, Director, Department of Social Action, National Catholic Welfare Conference, Washington, D. C. Dn. Kenneth IIildeiiiiand, Minister, The Central Church of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois Joseph R. Hocsett, Attorney at Law, Ilngsctt, Shaffer & Rooker, Kan sas City, Missouri Du. Jeiiome II. Hollanii, President, Hampton Institute, Hampton, Virginia Dn. GaiioU) D. IIolstink, President, Bacone College, Muskogee, Oklahoma Paul J. IIooveii, Vice President, The Halle Bros. Co., Cleveland, Ohio W. G. Houton, President, Bus Horton Inc., Oklahoma City, Oklahoma I'uei) IIui.ken, Corporation Director of Personnel, The Boeing Com pany, Seattle, Washington II. M. Huntington, General Supervisor, Safety, International Har vester Company, Chicago, Illinois 1-1 I National Safety Council (Hoard of Directors, ronton. Miss Ruth Jkwgi.i., Stale Music Coie.iillanl, Stale Di paiiii..-I , Public Instruction, Raleigh, North Carolina Paul II. Johansen, President, Central Motor Lines. Charlett-, \',.ii' Carolina Paul V. Joliet, M.D., Deputy State & County Health Ollii, , , Wa.!, ington County Department of Health, Hagerstown. Maryland T. Lawhence Jones, President, American Insurance Association. N" York, New York f ,JS (EOliGE L. Judy, President, Bituminous Goal Operators' Assoeiatii",. Washington, D. C. William L. Kandel, Policy Associate, Industrial Relations Dzpait ment, National Association of Manufacturers, New York, New Yoik James L. Kahns, Administrator, Division of Motor Vehicles, Wisconsin Motor Vehicle Department, Madison, Wisconsin John J. Kaiiol, Vice President, Director of Special Projects, CBS T.! vision Network, New York, New York s Aliikiit B. Kelley, Federal Highway Administration. Wash hi" I w 1 p C. Noiivin C. Kiefeii, M.D., Chief Medical Director, The Eipiilabl- lab X Assurance Society, Nciv York, New York Dn. Denis J, Kigin, Assistant Dean of Extrusion, Arizona Stair Uni versity, Tempo, Arizona Keith Kiiikuatiiick, Associate Farm Director, WHO Ibuadi asliug Company, Des Moines, Iowa " rvNAri, ju., oilier, Aeenlent invention .Section, Institute nl " riculturnl Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa Weiineii C. Knoop, President, The Baldwin Company, Little Hoik. Arkansas Mns. IIideo Kodani, Mas. John is, Kiiukgei Iuiank E. Ladkiieii, I pany, Columlms, Oh F. S. Lake, Director Michigan alisades, CnlifcqgWn ;cc, Wisconsin of Snfrlv, Nationwide InstirnnMj (>"u- ,. 0006IS) >4 ly, lntiT.stiHc System, ('.r;ind * mm'' John D. Lawi.oii, F,xc Chicago, Illinois Nal'onal Safety Council < Hoard of Directors, continued) \ \ \ \ |-. 1.1 ( .mu , S;t 14 t y I )iin I < u , Ini (laml ( rmriil A'.'.ni ialinti, (,`lii(. a^n, hi. r mis I! I.kmiin, Director of School Transportation, New Mexico Slate I), p.nlim nt of Education, Santa Fc, New Mexico l*mr.ii' l.i'i v. President, 1 lie I'hilip Losly Company, Chicago, Illinois F.ti'viv IS. Locke, Vice I'rcsiclent, Texas Employers' Insurance Associa tion, Dallas, Texas Iaxiis I). I .ogsiion, Superintendent, Thornton Township Hit'll Schools and Junior College. Harvey, Illinois William II. Lowe. Vice President and Treasurer, Inland Steel Com pany, Chicago, Illinois I ons T. l.i'CAS, lvxeentise Director, National Hide Association of America, Washington, D. C. I Ion. Geraldine 1\ Macelwane, Judge, Common Pleas Court, Lucas (anility, Toledo, Ohio W. C. Macintosh, Manager, engineering Department, 'The Hartford Insurance Croup, New York, New York .\li-:x A. Maleski, Associate Director, Program Services, Hoys' Clubs of Amci ica. New York, New York Hiciiauo E. Maueand, Pii.D., Chief, Injury Control Program, U. S. Public Health Service, Cincinnati, Ohio Miss Maiiion E. Martin, Commissioner of Labor and Industry, State of Maine, Augusta, Maine 1C. O. Mattocks, Director, Division of Science and Technology, Amer ican Petroleum Institute, New York, New York Mns. Marjorie H. May, Director, education and Home Division, Cheater New York Safety Council, Inc., New York, New York I. II. Tyler McConneli., President, Delaware Trust Company, Wil mington, Delaware Hiiooks McCouxiick, Executive Vice President, International Har vester Company, Chicago, Illinois Houeiit F. McCuiiiiy, President, Newport Supply Company, Costa Mesa, California E. (', McF uiiien, Dallas, Texas II. S. McFarland, Director of Personnel Services, Ceneral Motors Corpoiation, Detroit, Michigan National Safety Council (/!// inn-nors. rrn:n,-d Dn. Iloss A. McFarland, (higgenhcim PhiIcyaii- ot Aiio-.pa'i- t|. Jit. and Safety, Harvard School of Public Health, llostnn. Massat line IP Thomas C. McGuire, President, Industrial Indemnity Company. San Francisco, California Jack McLaughlin, United Steelworkers Local HIM, Cary. Indiana Dn. IIauold Mendelsohn, Professor and Director of Research. Si'"- : of Communication Arts, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado Vmr.ii. J. Mkyfiis, Companji Safety Director, Western Flei liie C.-w puny, New York, New York Noiiman C. Minduum, Director, National l-H Service Cm.... it I- Inc., Chicago, Illinois Lomond J. MoncKON, Director, W'lilcr Safely, 'The American Nation:'1 Hod Cross, Washington, D. C. Mbs. Charlotte Montgomery, Contributing Editor, Good House, keeping Magazine, Westfield, New Jersey "Thomas C. Moiiiui.i., Vice President, Stale Farm Mutual Autumnl'il' Insurance Company, Bloomington, Illinois F. Fueokiuc Motmow, Vice President, Bank of America. New York New York A. B. Mimi'HY, National Director Safety Services, 'The American >' tional Red Cross, Washington, D. C. Allan D. Musohove, President, IML Freight, Inc., Salt Lake Cilx. Utah EinvAUD C. Myers, Viee President and Assistant to President. Unit. ! States Steel Corporation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Amos F. Nkyiiaht, State College, Pennsylvania r Roiikiit A. Olen, Viee President, Car Wood Industries, Inc., Wayn. . Michigan Cart. David Oliver. USCC, Chief, Boating Safety Branch, United States Coast Guard, Washington, D. C. Anil run G. Pictry, Communications Coordinator, The National Society : For Crippled Children and Adults, Chicago. Illinois Fi.ETCHEn N. Platt, Mai merit Department, Ford nflic Safety and Highway mipany, Dearborn, Lorne F. Purves, Supcrii; Star, Ltd., Toronto 4, Oi; Howard Pyle, President, Transportation and Safctv, TnriRiln 00061:0 afetv Cmmeil, Chicago. 11 ii- National Safety Council j (lloonl <>/ Directors, continued) : I- S. Oueeneh, Manager, N.ifcty iim! Kile l'rolccliini Division, E. 1. (In : Pont <le Nnmutirs A Company, Inc., Wilmington, Delaware I. C. Raiillieek, Supervisor, Industrial Safety Section, Ford Motor Company, Dearborn, Michigan l'i ii" K. Iti-N isciii.iii, (bail man of (lie Hoard, Hamilton roimdry Inc., Hamilton, Oliin Maiik Roiienon, Vice President, Yellow Transit Freight Lilies, Inc., Kansas City, Missouri i n.sNK II. Romms, Division Vice President, Central Telephone Com pany, Las Vegas, Nevada Jack J. RosEiinnumi, Executive Vice President, United Farm Bureau Mutual Insurance Company, Indianapolis, Indiana lUnu-aiT T. Boss, Manchester, Michigan E. M. Roxvley, President, Southern Specialty Sales Company, Inc., New Orleans, Louisiana IIaiivcv C. Russell, Vice President, Planning, l'cpsi-Cola Company, New York, New York b. II. rtvmioi.M, Vice President and Director Civic Adairs, Chrysler Corporation, Detroit, Michigan . C. k. Sc.iii.ukteii, Executive Vice President, Employers Insurance ol Wausau, Wausau, Wisconsin Kaiil Schulze, Supervising Safety Engineer, Standard Oil Company of California, Western Operations, Inc., San Francisco, California J. II. Sciiwahten, Executive Vice President, City Products Corpora tion, Chicago, Illinois CnimoN II. Siieiciie, Director, Highway Traffic Safety Center, Michi gan State University, East Lansing, Michigan Donald J. Siiehdondy, Vice President, Industrial Relations, Pitts burgh Plate Class Company, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania On. W. IIeniiy Siiili.incton, Field Secretary, General Hoard of Pen sions of the Methodist Church, Evanston, Illinois Pi'iicy II. Shue, Assistant Secretary, Program Development, Kixvanis International, Chicago, Illinois P. L. Siemili.kii, President, International Association of Machinists, Washington, D. C. | If. S. Simpson, Manager of Safety, Caterpillar Tractor Co., Peoria, } Illinois IS National Safety Council t llwllil of 1 h'lve/oj v. to James M. Slavin, Director, Traffic Institute, Noithwestciu t'ni-.i i Evanston, Illinois Eaiii. W. Smith, ExecutiM' \'iee President, Hallimore Salih t'"nn: Haltimore, Maryland Dll. Julian W. Smith, Director, Outdoor Education Piop-cl. l oll, of Kdiieafion, Michigan Slale Univcisity, East Lansing. Miehie.ao S. F. SeENCK, Director. Safety and Loss-Prevention. Am.nY.oi (' aiiamid Company,,Wayne, New Jersey Pete Spilleii, United Auto Workers Local 5Sf>, South Holland. I1' Louis P. Spitz, Executive Director, American Association of M -o Vehicle Administrators, Washington, D. C. Heiiman J. Spoeiieu, Canfield, Ohio Winslow A. Staiii.k, Hesident Manager. I.ih'ily Mutual ............. Company, Springfield, Massachusetts Wayne D. Staley, President, The Dm iron Cnnipanv, Inc.. n.o.o.; Ohio VV. E. SllHTINo, Director of Solely, (.'airier (.'ni|inialinn, S\.:.< .. New York Edwahd W. Tanquahy, Elmhurst, Illinois James F. Van Namee, Administrator Accident Prevention, Weti.r house Electric Corporation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Miss Caiiol Van Sickle, Public Relations Department, The <.'oiilm -' tal Insurance Companies, New York, New York Du. Pmeston A. Wade, Professor of Clinical Surgery, Cornell IViw sity Medical School, New York, New York Mils. Riciiaud K. Waiiiien, Ilaugor, Maine Ciiaiilks A. Wf.iiii, Pres Owners, Wnshlngton, D. Miss Mahy M. Weeks, P cation, Cirl Scouts of th< York IlowAim M. Weiss, Vico P] poration, Flushing, New Y Ren West, Attorney, Nashv j;.tional Ass(u<ii<tion of ccialist, Health and Safety ,Edf. tales of America, New Yoib, 'a; I.. ....................tf <*. National Safety Council (Board of Directors, continued) Miss Janice B. Westady, M.l'.ll., Assistant Professor, School of Public Health, Hie University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina IIuntem P. Wharton, Concral President, International Union of Oper ating Engineers, Washington, D. C. ( .educe M. Wheatley, M.D., Senior Medical Director, Metropolitan Life Insurance Company, New York, New York Victou Is. Wm i EiiousE, Director of Snfety, International Brotherhood of electrical Workers, Washington, D. C. I. II. Wilkenson, Director of Safety, Department of the Army, Washington, D. C. S. L. Williams, Safety & Tire Protection Engineer, E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Company, Inc., Wilmington, Delaware Doiiwin L. Williamson, Superintendent, Training and Safety, Cleve land Transit System, Cleveland, Ohio E. H. Wii.lsey, Extension Safety Specialist, Department of Agricul tural Engineering, l'urdne University, Lafayette, Indiana Paul Windsou, Secretary, Bureau of Safety, Chicago, Illinois Lowell F. Wingeut, President, Mountain States Telephone and Telegraph Company, Denver, Colorado Paul S. Wise, General Manager, American Mutual Insurance Alliance, Chicago, Illinois I'hanklin D. Yooeii, M.D., Director of Public Health, Illinois Depart ment of Public Health, Springfield, Illinois * .1 \%r. 000822 i':K HI ANNUAL COUNCIL MEETING INVOCATION By IUBBI MORDECAI SIMON Executive Director of the Chicago Bonnl of Baltins Almighty ami Eternal Gotl: Inspired by your ethical and moral teachings, we have come to gether to reflect upon our progress to this lime and to consider the tasks still before us. As citizens of a nation dedicated to the Fatherhood of Clod and the brotherhood of man, we arc charged to do justly, love mercy and to walk humbly with You; to extend compassion, understanding and aid to the perplexed and sorely-tried; to love our neighbor as ourselves. : To these humanitarian heights has the National Safety Council dedicated itself through its noble aims and purposes of constantly working, studying and planning for means that will result in the extended health, welfare and education for all. To these noble ideals, we pray, may we ever remain faithful, as we develop a continuing sense of dedicated commitment to this organization, our respective professions and those we serve, a com mitment which both elevates and ennobles. We beseech Your blessings upon all who have affiliated them selves in the attainment of these common objectives. Endmv them with the knowledge, wisdom and guidance necessary for fruitful leadership and success in the attainment of these goals . . . Inspire us to labor zealously and unflinchingly for the perpetuation of the American way of life. Guard our county from iniquitous designs, intolerance and blind prejudice. Keep our borders free from every enemy, both from within and without . . . Grant us clear minds so that we may approach the problems of our day with forthrightness and unselfish ness . . . Spread Your tabernacle of peace over all the nations ol the earth. May the work of peace be righteousness, and its effect, fr< 'dom from fear and want for all men. Amen. 1007 National Safety Congress V,unities. Penalties of both :i civil and ciiminal naInrc arc provided for in the Act. A civ il action for preventive relief, includ ing an application for a permanent or tem porary injunction, restraining order, or other order, may l>e instituted by the Secretary in the district court of the United States for the district in which the mine in question is lo cated or in which the mine operator has its principal olfice, whenever an operator ( 1 ) \ iolates or fails or refuses to comply with any order of withdrawal and debarment, or (2) interferes with, hinders, or delays the Secretary or his duly authorized representa tive. in carrying out his duties under the Act, or (o) refuses to admit an authorized representative to a mini', or (1) refuses to permit the inspection or investigation of any mine, or of an accident, injury, or occupa tional disease occurring in or connected with a mine, or (5) refuses to furnish any infor mation or report requested by the Secretary. Upon conviction, persons may be pun ished bv a line of not loss than $100, or nu'H than > '>.000. or by imprisonment not to exceed sixty d.ivs. or both, where (1) there is a violation or failure or refusal to comply with an "Imminent Danger Withdrawal Order," or (2) there is a violation of a man datory standard and failure or refusal to comply with an' order of abatement if the failure to comply with the order of abate ment has created an "imminent danger", that is, a danger that could cause death or serious physical harm in such mine immedi ately or before the imminence of such dancer can be eliminated. These criminal penalties have a peculiar twist to them. In Senate Report No. 1296 the Committee* stated-- "Section 1J(I>) . . . makes mine operators liable to criminal penalties (fines of $100 to S3,000 and imprisonment for up to 60 days) upon conviction in Federal court of one specified offense. This offense is: violation of, or refusal or failure to comply with, an order of withdrawal and debarment, if, at the time the order is made, a danger exists `that could cause death or serious physical harm in such mine immediately or before the imminence of such danger can be elimi nated.' "These criminal penalties do not apply, therefore, to a mine operator who has been given a notice fixing a time limit for abate ment ol a violation of a mandatory health or safety standard, who has failed to abate the v iolation within the time allowed, who lias then been given an order of withdrawal anti debarment, and who has then violated, failed, or refused to comply with this order --unless his failure to abate the violation has created an imminent or immediate danger of death or serious physical harm by the time the order of withdrawal and debarment was issued." Thus, it would seem that an offense has been committed if between the time of issu ance of a notice of abatement fixing a lime limit within which to abate, and upon llie expiration of the lime, the failure to abate the violation of a mandatory standard bus re sulted in a condition of imminent or immedi ate danger. The Act was effective on September 10, 1666; however the provisions with respect to issuance of "Imminent Danger Withdrawal Orders" and "Elapsed-time Withdrawal Or ders and some of the penalty provisions do not become elfeclive until one year after the date of publication of notice in the Federal lieginter of the designation of mandatory standards. The meanings and interpretations of the Act in many respects will have to await the time when we are faced with actual situa tions and circumstances which undoubtedly will arise after the Act becomes fully opera tional. Some questions and disputes may not be entirely clarified or decided until eases are heard and decided by the Board of Re view and by tlu^ourts. OFFICERS OF THE CEMENT, QUARRY AND MINER A* AGGREGATES SECTION NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL ^ General Chairman-). It. Tiu:vnvvv,vv, Safely Director, Vulcan Mai. rials. Co.. I'in-.i......... .. Ala. t First Vice Chairman--Martin D. Gkntiiv, Manager. Industrial Relation.;, Cia.i r >1 i',, Cement Co., Dallas, Tex. Second Vice Chairman--Patrick C. IIaii.eii, Labor Relations Asst., Id. d Denver, Colo. , Scrre/rir!/-Roiu.ur J. Ciiomi.ey, Safety Director, The Standard Slag Company. )*,,.. .. Ohio Xewslcllcr Editor--Tun II. Reynolds, Director of Safely, Medusa I'ortl-md < '<....... ' pany, Cleveland, Ohio Associate Newsletter Editor--T. W. Myeiis, Mgr. Employment mid Sable, lb. i >... ,| Portland Cement Co., Division of llie Elinlkole Company, Middle Branch, (tin Program Committee--Martin D. Gentry, (Chairman), Manager, lndnstti d )bla' General Portland Cement On., Dallas, Tex.; Roman M. Hoi.nr'men. Salelv t:..i-r,|i.. Standard Materials Div., Marlin-Marietta Corp., New York, N. Y.; "I low.vrn I'. |..n Division Manager, Industrial Relations, The Ruheroid Company, Hound !:>?.. jersey; Sidney A. Quin, Manager of Loss Prevention Dept., Royal Globe 1 t|MI!;|||tr Dallas, Tex.; F. J. HocKlis, Manager, Administrative* Srrvicrs, Gypsum A1*'nrfjfiun. VJIgO, III. .. *i. \fcni*~-ership Committee--Sidney A. Qiiin, (Chairman), Manager of Loss I 'rex - >.!'.-n :> Royal Globe Insurance Co., Dallas, Tex.; A. Victor Aiinil. In., S-< r. l ov f : Manager, Gypsum Association, Chicago, III.; General IIovvauh i'.oor.isn\. * I--.,. Director-Secretary, National Slag Assn.. Washington, D. C.: Kevin Cai.i.xii v' . Net: ; Concrete Masonry Association, Arlington, Vn.; Leonard R. Flickeii. Direr tor of '< | Kaiser Cement & Gypsum Corp., Oakland, Calif.; Roiieiit M. Korn, I'rcdrl.-iil. :.o jjKJSjJBjlicstono Institute, Inc., Washington, D. C.; Leslie S. Yoi.tz, Safety Engio- ' . V: ' 'P$V^cria,s C0-' Midwest Div., Hillside, III.: E. J. Wauixc'. I/ivorark . I (:**! ! !,r* fttjQalo, N. V; O. K. 'NYuj.iams, Salrlv Director, Amriican A^;,r**-**r;*|(`ten. vilfc\ Ohio ` * I i 000623 gj*ivjir:.s and Contests Committee--Fouiiest Moved, (Chairman). U. S. Ror-ao o! ',! ishington, D. C.; Cyril I. Malloy, Jm., Admin. Assistant. National Sand ;o>d c. `tociatirm. Silver Spring. Mil.; Cenkmal Hovvauu Eoci.esiov, Mniiae.im: ctarv, National Slag Association, Washington, D. C. I I'lir.hirniii:: CommiHcr-Di mu i.t. M. Cornell, (Co-Cliaiiman, West), Safely Engineer, ] 'oi t him I Cement Assn., Chicago, III.; Lloyd L. Cash, Jii., Safely Director, 'flu; Georgia Marble Company, Tale, Ca.; Guv Moulds, Huron Cement Co., Div. National Gypsum Co., Alpena, Mieli.; Vincent Gallaciiieu, Manager of Safely, Material Service Division of Crucial Dynamics Corp.. Lyons, ill.; Ilminer M. lloi.iiEiucn, Safety Coordinator, Staml.ml Malriials Div., Martin-Marietta Corp., New Voile, N. "Artcio 'VtvNSOS, Director of Insurance ami Salety, Material Service Div. ol General Dynamics Corp., Chicago, 111.: "Leslie S. Volt/, Safety Engineer, Vulcan Materials Company, Midwest Division, Hillside, III.; W. M. Ho.ste, (Co-Chairman, least), Safety Engineer, Corps of Engineers, New England Division. Waltham, Mass.; J. Milton Duiiium, Safety Director, Martin Marietta Corp., New York, N. Y.; P. J. Juikie, Industrial Relations Manager, lhnnlaille Conslruetiou Materials, Ine., Morristown, N. J.; "Howard Hikkkxstahl, Man ager of Training and Safety, Alpha Portland Cement Company, Easton, Pa.; `Fred E. Stoucii, Director of Safety and Personnel, The Whitehall Cement Manufacturing Com pany, Ccmenton, Pa.; Hoy G. Stott, Mining Health and Safety Engineer, V. S. Bureau of Mines, Washington, D. C.; John J. Sweeney, Safety Engineer, Bethlehem Mines Corp.. Stone and Slag Division, Hanover, Pa.; E. J. Waiiino, Laverack and Haines, Inc., IhiM.ilo, X. Y.; Haliti Wray, American Mutual Liability Insurance Co., Baltimore, Md. Visual Aids Committee--"Leslie S. Volte, (Chairman), Safety Engineer, Vulcan Ma terials Co.. Midwest Div., Hillside, 111.; "IlowAitn F. Johnston, Division Manager, In dustrial Helations, The Huheroid Company, Bound Brook, N. J.; Hoiieiit T. Smith, Dravo Corp., Keystone Div., Neville Island, Pittsburgh, Pa.; Fni:n J. Roceiis, Manager, Administrative Services, Gypsum Association, Chicago, 111.; John J. McClelland, Na tional Crushed Stone Association, Washington, D. C.; Chaiiles C. Shf.lton, Vulcan Materials Co., Mid-East Division, Winston Salem, N. C. (:'<-Thc-Joh Safely Committee--J. Milton Durham, (Chairman), Safety Director, Martin Marietta Corp., New York, N. Y.; J. H. D. Brown, Asst. Manager, Accident Prevention Bureau, Portland Cement Assn., Chicago, III.; Lloyd L. Cash, Jn., Safety Director, The Georgia Marble Company, Tate, Ga.; Leonard It, Flieker, Director of Safety, Kaiser Cement & Gypsum Corp., Oakland, Calif.; Rov C. Stott, Mining Health and Safely Engineer, U. S. Bureau of Mines, Washington, D. C.; Don It. Rossicnol, Dravu Coip., Cincinnati, Ohio Publicity Committee--Kenneth A. Cutschick (Chairman), Manager, Technical Services, National Lime Assn., Washington, D. C.; Cyril I. Malloy, Jr., AdmiR. Assistant, Na tional Sand & Gravel Association, Silver Spring, Md.; William Carter, Executive Di rector, National Crushed Stone Association, Washington, D. C.; John J. McClelland, National Crushed Stone Association, Washington, D. C. Traiiiiii" Committee--"Howard Rieeenstaiil (Chairman), Manager of Training and Safety, Alpha Portland Cement Co., Easton, Pa.; J. Milton Durham, Safely Director, Martin Marietta Corp., New York, N. Y.; "William A. Kipp, Manager-Safety, Universal Atlas Cement Division, II. S. Steel Corp., Pittsburgh, Pa.; Gerald D. Raver, Logansport, hid. Long Uanpe Hiimimg Committee--"Garland E. Mioceue (Chairman), Safely Director, Superior Stone Co. Div., Marlin Marietta Corp., Raleigh, N. C.; "Francis W. Bush, Sr., Director of Safety, M. J. Grove Lime Company, Frederick, Md.; Howard F. Johnston, Division Manager, Industrial Relations, The Rnhcroid Company, Bound Brook, N. J.; "JIowaud Riefenstaiil, Manager of Training and Safety, Alpha Portland Cement Com pany, Easton, Pa.; "Fni;n E. Stoiich, Director of Safely and Personnel, The Whitehall Cement Manufacturing Company, Ccmenton, Pa.; "Anvil) Tihnson, Director of Insur ance and Safety, Material Service Division of General Dynamics Corp., Chicago, 111.; "Leslie. S. Volt'/, Safety Engineer, Vulcan Materials Company, Midwest Div., Hillside. III.; "p l J. WonSF.CK, Manager-Safety and Welfare, Lehigh Portland Cement Co., Alleul Pa. //iisjiitiifitj/ CiuinnifliT--Roiuavr J. Ciiomley (Chairman). Sail Iv Din-i o-r. b- ' Slag Co., Ynungslmvn, (Iliio; John J. McClelland, National Curb'd 1 Washington, I). C.; "Aiivid Tihnson, Director of Insuium < and S .(!>. Mm A 1 Div. of Cent ral Dynamics Corp., Chicago, III. Smniniilmii Coaill<r--'Cam.and K. Miovetti: (Chaimi.iii), S iliTy 111-1 Slone Co. Div., Marlin Marietta Corp., It.tlr iuh, N. C.: "I't:a: < r. V . M' n. ' of Safely, M. J. Grove Lime Company, Frederick, Md. ' I'rrumiil Protective Equipment Committee-- "Paul J. Voicnri;, Manager-Sab *y 1 ' J-ch/gh Portland Cement Company, Allentown, Pa.; Ronr.itr J. Ciiomi.ev. Sab l;, I if The Standard Slag Company, Youngstown, Ohio; Charles G. Shilion. Ynb w M Co., Mid-East Div., Winston-Snlcm, N. C.; C, Russel Mattson. Safety Situ-Tv' r . Corporation, Neville Island, Pittsburgh, Pa. itenilrers-at-Lmpc--"T. W. Jones, Vice President-Prodmlion, New Haven Tinu i'n- f New Haven, Coon,; Ivan F. LeGoiit?, Safety Director, I'milaml Cement A Chicago, III.; "Douse O. Seiule. Jn., The Standard Si;* (IniHpiny, 'N'tnii* *n, Vij.ff Representative--Edward J. Sedlacek, National Safely Co.... il, l:?`> N. Mi' biChicago, Illinois COOIL "Past General Cliairnian 1067 National Stifctu Congress problems. Invite tlirm. seek limn, pel lln-nt In (innn to yon. lie approachable. 0. Have a trial period, followed l>v a care ful re-examination liy all people concerned. Helpful Hints for the Successful Su/n irisor. The live roost important words ol a super- \i-or are, "I am proud of yon." Tim four most important words of a su pervisor are, "What is yonr opinion? Tlic three most important words of a su pervisor are, "If yon please." Hie two most successful words arc. "Thank you." a The one most important word is, "Your. The least important word is, "I." I | OFFICES OF THE j CHEMICAL SECTION j NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL l?C7^n | Karr/ Chaiminn - IT T. Smith, Superintendent. Protection Division. Kniplovee 11-1 - i; Department, E. I. dul'ont tie Nemours & Co., Inc., Deepwater, N. J. | re Chairman in Choree of I'ronram--C. M. Or.sosj, Manager-Safety A- th -hh, Ji >h,. I Chemicals Division, Hooker Chemical Corporation, Niagara Tails, N. y. jj ' nttmj-K. \V. Wilson, Manager--Safely Department, Midland Divi-nm, Dow Cle iei -I j! I'-mipnny, Midland, Mich. i-' ji "ulctler Committee--W. S. Worm (Chairman) Safely Engineer, lles'-an h and D- l.-p r ~entDivision, Sun Oil Company, Mareus Hook, Pa.; W. 11. Laohi iiu va-, Safely Dir- l-a. j| Texas Eastman Company, Longview, Texas j - -iirrfiir lleecloinnent Sub Section--L. C. Wkci- .ii (Chainnan), Safety Manager. It- n - h S 'enter, Monsanto Company, St. Louis, Mo.; II. S. Bhastki). Safely Coordinator, M- >- ij Hup & Dolime Research Laboratories, Rahway, N. J.; R. D. Ppiiukii. Snf-lv SnperviI' T'enrcli Laboratories, Industrial Clieniicals Division, Allied Cliemkal Cnrp., M- -1i 'I tarn, N. J.; Owns Kuiiias, Director of Health At Safely, M.-dlim krodt ( 'I'eutiCii! V, < ' t '-.Louis, Mo. jj. . . . jj : :iKvriiig Committee--J. S. Snvpkii (Chairman), Rahway Safety Manager, Merck C< I !:c., Railway, N. J.; Mikp. Kiiikoiiian, Corporate Manager of Safely A- Medical, Ernie w,'. I l! U'Tisration, Chicago, 111.; J. II. Black, Hazards Control Officer, United Slate: I'ul-li. ' H-.-allh Service, Silver Spring, Mil.; P. J. McDonoprii, Manager of I JlfS 1 Tf* M 'll. . 1 winicals Croup, Olin Matliicson Chemical Corporation, New Yoik, N. Y.; E. N. Dree. * 1 ciisnltant, Safety and Plant Protection, General Electric Company, New York, \'. V : \ F. Sei iyo', Director, Safety and Loss-Prevention, American Cyanninid Conn ; . i'''.line, N. J. ji,., ji * Relations Committee-R. II. Scott (Chairman), Manager, Indust-i.l - ittcllc-NorlInvest, Richland, Wash.; *J. R. Bollman. Head of Safely, 1'ioeter ' Cmnhlvmpany, Cincinnati, Ohio; A. L. Ki.ino, Director of Loss Prevcnlion, Olin Math" m vmical Corporation, New York, N. Y. i '"ff Aids Committee--A. P. Osri (Chairman), Corporate Safely Engim- r, Clias. IT.- , Co., Inc., New York, N. Y.; C. R. Eastman. Safety Advisor, Mobil Chemical Cmopa", * York, N. Y.; J. V. Savi.iicooi., Coordinator of Safely & Loss I'r.n. ntion. AH" d irmical Corporation. New York, N. Y.; J. E. Moiuuson, Safely Divertor, Houston Chg.i-I Corporation, Rce.nniont, Texas.; J. E. Nichols. Director of Sali ty, HcvnnMs M; f ' `jpany, Hiclnnond, Vn. Health Committee--}). I. Kii.ian', M.D. (Chniiman), Medical Director, Texas Division. Dow Chemical Company, l'rcepoit, Texas; E. L. Aluawii, Supervisor, Industrial Ilyfiicne Service, International Harvester Company, Chicago, 111.; It. E. IIaxvkinson, Director. Division of Special Services, Employers Insurance of Wausau, Wausau, Wis.; F. A. Van Am. Deputy Director, Cilice of Occupational Safety, Iturcau of Labor Standards, U. ? Department of Labor, Washington, D. C. l i i Iniiral Publication Committee--K. I.kvi ns (Chairman), Director of Safely, C.-H. Douglas Aircraft Company, Santa Monica, Calif.; C. MaoDiahmii), Supervisor, l'olynu'r Corporation, Ltd., Sarnia, Ontario, Canada; W. C. Mcaiii:, Director of Technical Servim. Hartford Insurance Croup. Hartford, Conn.; K. C. Hood's, Assistant Manager, Safety 4 Fire Protection, E. I. duPont lie Nemours & Co., Inc., Wilmington, Del. Mrmbcnhi)) Committee--\V. J. Rankin (Chairman), Division Safety Engineer, 3M Com pany, St. Paul, Minn.; P. C. Lamii, Safety Consultant, Englewood, N. ].; E. A. Niu', Safely Administrator, Resall Chemical Company, Paranms, N. J. Statistics Analysis and Safety Awards Committee--\V. A. Stakkovicii (Chairman), Directs; of Safely, Sherwin-Williams Co., Chicago, III.; F. E. Macaulay, Safety Sopc-mss. Wyandotte Chemical Corporation, Wyandotte. Mich.; K. L. McQuii.liin, Safety & In dustrial Medicine Coordinator, Eli Lilly A Co., Tippecanoe Laboratories, Lafayette, ImL R. M. Nr.Ar-.Y, Safety Engineer, Safetv Affairs Dept., Union Carbide Corp., New Y'or-. N. Y. ' Training Committer--h. D. Siiinm. (Chairman), Safely f; Security Supervisor. U. S. Indus trial Chemicals Company, Tuscola, III.; Crown-: Annorr, Director of Safely & Servit? I'cnmalt Chemicals Corp., King of Prussia, l'a.; L. Williams, Safely Director, Jclfcnr Chemical Company, Port Neelies, Texas Off-Thc-Job Committee--D. M. Van Weems' (Chairman), Safety Coordinator, Stand-; Chemical Company, New York, N. Y.; G. II. MiCNTtn, Safety Engineer, Bristol Lnlioritorics, Division of Bristol-M; ers Company, Thompson Boad, East Syracuse, N. Y.; t Mims, Safely Engineer, Procter & Gamble Company, Cineinnati, Ohio lilnealienal Liaison Cinnmit/ee-Ameiicaii Chemical Soeir ly: *11. IT. Fa\vi:i-:it (Chaiman Technical Seerel.iry, National Academy of Sciences, National Research Council, Wa'-h inglon, D. C.; American Association of Imhistrial Nurses; Mns. M. E. Slaver, II. \` Charge Nurse, Mobil Oil Corporation, Trenton, Mich.; American Society' of Safety Eni neers; A. H. Ciiiustian'. Divisimr Safely Engineer, American Viscose & Chemical Di visions, EMC Corporation, Philadelphia, Pa.: Manufacturing Chemists' Association C. G. Elkmino, Corporate Director, Safely & Plant Protection, Cclanesc Corp., Chariot!- | N. C.; Intemalional Material Management Society; E. V. Clancky, Safely Enginse j Kodak Park Works, Eastman Kodak Co., Roelrcster, N. Y.; American Inst, of Clicinii' : Eiiginei is: "J. N. Romini:, Manager, Safety & Security, Research ami DeveLprw" j Dept., Phillips Petroleum Co.. Bartlesville, Okla.; Federal Government Liaison: F. A. Ye j .Vita. Deputy Director, Ollicc of Oeenpational Safety. Bureau of Labor Standards, U. 5 j Dept, of Labor, Washington, D. C. j Xominotim; Committee--aJ. N. Romini: (Chairman), Mgr., Safely & Security, Resent;:and Development Dept.. Phillips Petroleum Co., Bartlesville, Okla.; "11. W. Rait J? J Asst. Supt., Chemical Engineering Division, The Travelers Insurance Co., ITarlfo: ' Conn.: " 1. J. Piiaiiulos. Safetv Manager, National Distillers & Chemical Curp., N j Y \\ Y. '' I uii.ii suomntuiee-- K,. |\.. i.ummimx t i.lialrman ), Maiiag'-r, .! f' ly .* ll. Li ' i ' Eli Lilly & Co., Indianapolis, Indiana; *11. II. Fauci,ii, Tee iiiieal hi . ill .... , Academy of Sciences, National lteseareli Council, Washington,. d. c; ; `C. ' ' Manager, Personnel Safety, Monsanto Company, Limlbeigli Pd< d., I.-.!;. Akisory Committee--aA. L. Conn (Chairman), Director of Indu s'lial ;-ifet-. 1 Works, Easliiian Kodak Cu., Rochester, N. Y.; S. M. Mai:( iuini: Mil - l>orate Safely and Loss Prevention, Dow Chemical Company, Midi:, I. W -. ti . Ai.iiis.skii, Coordinator, Corporate Safely, Merck ik Co.. In*-., llah-.v W.w.i.At.K, Senior Safety Engineer, Accident Prevention S< vt'"u. In-lu . i-l 1: Kodak Park Works, Etislman Kodak Co., Rochester, N. Y. Staff Hcj>rcsentatii;c--J0UN Maiik, National Safely Council, TM N. Mi lage, 111. 00011. T.ist General Chairinan . IMPORTANCE OF PUS! COMTROf. 55th NATIONAL SAFETY CONGRESS Papers Delivered in (lie COAL MINING SE55IQNS COAL DUST ABATEMENT Importance of Dust Control....................................................... Henry N. Doyle 3 What the Coal Industry Is Doing to Control Dust................ George L. Judy 6 Dust Control and Other Safety Measures on a Longwall Face.H. C. Morton 9 Summary of Dust Control Activity.........................................James R. Garvey 12 MACHINE GUARDING AND SAFETY DEVICES Protective Cabs for Operators of Face Equipment............ R. M. von Storch 15 Power Cut-OfI Bars and Other Safety Devices...................... Joseph Taylor 19 Machine Design: Ventilation, Dust Control, Other Features. .A. Lee Barrett 22 HAULAGE SAFETY . Underground Rail Haulage Safety............................................ John W. Hager 25 Battery Haulage Safety........................................................... ;.;.. L D. Ellison 28 Belt Haulage Safety................................................................. .. W. R. Park 31 Officers of the Coal Mining Section 1967-68...................................................... 38 Five Years of Future Dates for the National Safety Congress.......................39 Other Volumes in 1967 National Safety Congress Transactions........ Back Cover 2 By HENRY N. UOYI.E Assistant Chief, Division of Federal Employee Merdlh. i U.S. TuMic Health Service 1 t One could dispose of the assigned topic in iary and phagncyl" s> stems, the : inn- very short order by stating that dust con the risk resulting from exposure !< vh- ` : il trol serves two primary functions--disease dust and atmospheric pollution. prevention and explosion control. I would as Those of us entering (lie ,T(h end '!> d sume, however, since you have asked me to ndes of life represent the lii-.t run-' i':- . In discuss tliis subject that you arc anticipating lie exposed to a ennlinmms complex !i .! ,:i. a much more philosophic treatment and, bc cause of my background, your interest is in 1 the health aspect. If we are to view this problem from, tin; logic contamination of the gem.ra' phere, coupled with the almost tm<- <-> - >1 practice of smoking. Thus, it shml'! I no shock to realize that respiratory di .v s ,-u- philosophic viewpoint,, three factors must be assuming a more pinmmcnt place in lh- o considered: The biology of man, our present lion's morbidity and modality pit' i". state of knowledge, and our social concepts. Chronic bronchitis, emphysema, m i t [onus First, let us look somewhat superficially at of lung cancer, and certain forms of - om - ; the anatomy of the respiratory system. Man's live heart disease all result from dm >r - respiratory system evolved to handle a rela lion of particulate matter in lh" I*"..;-; l or tively pure mixture of oxygen, nitrogen, and those exposed to industrial dust, the In'-od the noble gases. However, to protect the is intensified ami extended to oil, a d! > lungs from the natural contamination of the such as pneumoconiosis and heavy <u> ' I atmosphere, such as wind-blown dust and poisoning. pollens, several protective mechanisms de- Although epidemiologic evid'-nc" is tak vclopcd. The nose became prominent and ing, ohsci vntions tend to support ilw < m !u- was filled with many small hairs to serve sion that respiratory diseases other I1' " lh as a filter device for particles ns small as 5 classical occupational ones are more hr'|e'ul microns. The respiratory tract lietwccn the among workers exposed to indusliial dost. nose and. the major branches of the lungs That massive dust concentrations mar a pro developed One hairlike structures which longed period destroy the natural il-fens-s of served to trap the dust particles and, by the respiratory system thus leaving th" l-edy means of a continuous upward motion, to .susceptible to infectious and nnn-inf"' duo : reject through the nose or mouth. Finnlly, diseases is no longer a debatable 'pm -lion. if a dust particle penetrates theso defenses, the lung tissues were equipped with phngotyte cells which engulfed the dust particle From ibis point on, we shall have to iji. fine our discussion to the classic: ! oivnpa- tional dust diseases since this is ma . and removed it from the sensitive nrca. where our epidemiologic techniques am 'o|. Thus, man is equipped to live in an envi- liciontly sophisticated to demonslie.ie a < m ronmei't -which nature planned many eons ago. When the natural defenses of the res piratory tract are broken down, the Jung finally becomes a physiological dust trap. The miracle is that man can survive in to day's environment which is vastly different honHhe environment which nature planned. SfjhMfiJof us who live and work in an urban IlStraffcr a constant insult and an overlnad- sal relationship. Historically, this ml-C"-' l ; i has hern known lry observation f >' n - I.OOO years. However, it has only h--n within recent years that we have Ira u aM> to place this relationship into bioh "i-: p- rspcctfvc. It took the work of many itiv >->iir -tors to ultimately arrive at th" five r.nd 'iul factors involved in the production of do ' in duccd diseases, allhnugh in rc'io-.p's' *1' respiratory system duo to nian's '^Mination of the atmosphere. Supcrirn poscq.fon the technologic contamination of .ftMUrosphere with particulate matter, man insults his respiratory system by Mufflg which is known to destroy the cil appear to he simple relationships. IT- II- factors are: 1. 'The size of the dust parliek- nm I l -- such that it will prnelrale th- m-milory system--generally 11 -; Mi ni mi crons. 1907 National Safely Congress 000628 >| 2. The ilust imist contain a toxic compo nent; for example, silica or one of the heavy metals. 3. The concentration must lie sufficiently Croat to overcome the hodv's natural defenses. 1. The exposure must extend over a limp period of time. 5. All individuals do not react alike. Some have greater resistance to the disease processes than others or, conversely, less resistance. Only within recent years has this relation ship been taken one step further and devel oped into a mathematical one which says that given a toxic dust of loss than 5 mi crons, disease is then the product of time and concentration, or D (disease) = T (time) x C (concentration). The formula, of course, has several disadvantages, the foremost being that disease has no definable starting point and, because of tho factor of individ ual susceptibility, would apply to large r roups rather than to individuals. Given a large population and using an ar bitrary diagnostic sign as a reference, it should lie possible to develop a definable biologic relationship between time of expo sure and the concentration of toxic materials. If such a body of knowledge existed, it would be possible to inform a miner after x particle years of exposure that further work in the mines may endanger his health; that after x + y particle years, he has a certain risk of developing pneumoconiosis; and, after x -f z particle years, his chance of de veloping pneumoconiosis is almost 100%. I trust that the above will always remain in the realm of fantasy for the record-keep ing job xvould be stupendous. Nonetheless, we have come perilously close to such a system on several occasions especially in those areas where environmental controls were neglected. The formula D = T x C is generally used by the industrial hygienists in setting maximum allowable concentrations. Ideally, the product of T x C should be zero. How ever, under practical operating conditions, this is not possible. Therefore, time is fixed in accordance with man's normal working span and the concentration is adjusted in ac cordance with the relative toxicity of the dust under consideration. Thus, prevention of the dust diseases becomes a function of controlling either the time of exposure or the concentr i of the dust or reducing the production of the two to an acceptable level. The traditional method of control In the mining industry has been to limit the con centration of the dust by certain accepted procedures, such as ventilation and the use of dust suppressants such as water. A recent study of the Public Health Ser vice has demonstrated that a significant number of bituminous coal miners have a disabling respiratory disease commonly re ferred to as "coal workers' pneumoconiosis.'' Many questions remain to be answered espe cially regarding the etiology of the disease. That dust has a significant role in its etiology is unchallenged. Although a similar disease has been known in the anthracite industry for many years, a review of the literature would indicate that the prevalence of pueumoconiosis in the bituminous industry .war hot very great until about 1950. The signs and symptoms of the disease are so obvious that it is difficult to accept the concept that the apparent increased preva lence is related to improved diagnostic tech niques. Hoxvex'cr, the npparent Increase and prevalence may be related to tho increasing use of mechanical equipment underground. Unfortunately, very little data is available which xvould permit a comparison of-dust conditions before and after mechanization. It is possible that many con! mines may have readied the ultimate in dust control with existing ventilating systems and mine layout. To change cither of these factors re quires a large outlay of capital which possi bly cannot be equated with production gains. Thus we have reached the point where other methods of dust control will be necessary. Certainly the industry has no! fully explored what can be done through al terations in machine design. Coal cutting and removing machines were designed to obtain tire maximum tonnage in the shortest time period. Another design criteria needs lo lie added--with the minimum dust produc tion. ; All efforts to date liax'e been directed at reducing to a minimum the value of C in the equation D = T x C. The cost of accom plishing this reduction to an acceptable level may prove to be inconsistent with economic returns. Should this prove to be true, then efforts will have to he made to reduce the T factor in the equation. This can be accom plished in one of three ways: 1. By complete automation. 2. Limiting the work timo of triad employees. 3. By providing the undergrour, 7y<35liie iff air Ins a nu j'jw'er the^articlc m iibyr st with an artificial environment. between the weight of cSRRfcposir--! . <.y> Complete automation does not appear to lungs and dis'-ase conditions \-.-!i. ... ;i- le feasible at this time although great strides are being made to reduce the number of men underground. For obvious reasons, the principle of job rotation to reduce exposure time has never been acceptable to labor or management. such correlation has been pusphle t ... . tide number. In using the mss:: .' method, dust evaluation ir much simp! i. I instrumentation permits the eh fnil I individual exposures. Most of |be l-nv,.....,, countries are moving toward a me.-: The provision of an artificial environment which will likely lie in the ungnilnd' of 1.8 bai tlie ring of an exotic method applicable milligrams per cubic meter of air. to the exploration of space. In actuality at tempts have been made to create such an en vironment by tho use of air filtering devices "Inch fit over (lie nose and mouth. Such do--' Wees, generally referred to as respirators, have certain inherent disadvantages such as discomfort, breathing resistance, and com munications interference. For these reasons, labor and management as well as the health profession have developed an inanity regard ing the potential use of protective equip ment. Only since about 1935 has ::o.:My t,, (\; : country recognized that it has a n -r;! ;|. ity to those who have dcvrlnvr-l dn-t eases tlnmigli tlioir occupation. compensation was a shockin'; i m nl : many when it was first adoni-d To ,,, the inadequacies of our lust . .> 111 .-i-;>-;i laxx-s for the dust diseases xvas .-pi'-Mii-g to another three decades our present eo.,., , ' of compensation may be viewed as an haw. European legislation which has e:.l d:li he I the precedence for workmen's onion- o ala o It is difficult to accept the concept that a total life support system can he provided for a man in space but that we arc unable to ill the United Slab-s is tending loc nd ; liberal benelils for x-.nilris v. i'li pn, u--....... ins is. design a life support system for a man in a hazardous underground environment. It is possible that a major obstacle may lie urn unage of a coal miner. It is difficult to visu alize a coal miner looking like anything other than a coal miner. To accept him with |ho appearance of a scientist or n technician is almost au impossibility. The principle of pintial (li ability '( established in most Western Europ-sin iv--.ni- trirs. In the United Slab-s Ibo - q. feelod by a dust disease is of tr n in - !>,.; p, vorable position Ilian a person di-all,-d ! -. an accident or other occupational di.-- -is.- *. In many of the laws tho tune limits '.at apply to the lenglli of c-posnic, to n.-i-if. - . So far tills presentation has avoided n dis tation of the disease, and the filing of < l-ior cussion of a hygienic standard for bitumi are too short to take into account tto- !.... nous coal dust. Such a value docs not exist maiming nature of dust diseases. in the United States for exposure to bitumi nous coni dust and until such a standard is developed, the C value in our equation has no signilicancc. l'rinciplcs for compensation of tin- do t diseases have tended to remain in - P;. d and rigid pattern based on kmn-. b-l-- d- : i at least a quarter of a ccntuiv out n! .bn Bituminous coal until recently was consid Such procedures have resulted in rt .... ered a nuisance dust and, as such, the that are frcquentlv unfair to bo(h . ACC1II value of 50 million particles for Rigid administrative reqmTnmeo!; a -! '! cubic foot (MI'CF) xvas applicable. Epide concept of compensation for onlv tb i a dl- miologic studies have not been conducted in disabled lias doubtlessly been unf-i' to u the United States which would permit the xx-orkers with bona fide eases of oc>.m.-i!i->i--l establishment of hygienic standards for bitu pneumoconiosis. On the other h-n-t. s...,v minous coal dust. Research in the European courts in an attempt to overcome .v. .: i ad countries tend to support a respirable mass ministrative limitations lin-.-o pie?- I 1 - I . standard rather than one based on particles too liberal in tlieir iiibiprclalimi.s. per unit volume of air. The mass standard -hich expresses dust concentrations in millipams of dust of less than 5 microns per unit It is my personal opinion Ihet. neb- , ... piKHimoroniosis compf'nsalion l;r* > m** nr- cruized, xve may face many ...... no i. l"r)7 Notional Snfctj Congress 00062!! i'i. / nrYiriiiiKlr-i iii;i jirt ;iml f;jir Mslrm of cntnpuis:ition for the dust discuses. Some of llio factors wliicli need to l>r considered nrc: J. A lw Hit definition of those rlisease condiliuns which aie eaiiM'd hv the iuh;ilalion of dost. 2. l ull lecrjj'mtion of the delayed devel opment of the disease process. v ( oniju-nsalion pa\moots hnsrd on the d ;',iee of disability rather than radiol<rpr.il appearance. I. lumovnl of the last employer responsihilit y concept. In the last two decades our fundamental 1.now ledge of the dust diseases has pro gressed fin (her than in all of the preceding centuries. Despite this, the dust diseases contlime to he our most costly occupational dis eases in terms of morbidity and compensa tion costs. Thu greatest reservoir of pneumo(nniosis is in tin' hiluminmis coal industry. Despite these advances in knowledge, our preventive techniques have not materially changed in the last quarter of a century. The total elimination of this disease for which we have both the engineering and medical tools represents a great challenge to this profes sion. However, if the job is to he done, new concepts of prevention and control must be investigated. WHAT THE COAL INDUSTRY IS DOING TO CONTROL DUST By CEOItCE L. JUDY, Executive Vice President Bituminous Coal Operators' Association Jim emerging of mechanical minim: of coal in the United Stales, coupled with all the publicity today on air pollution, has brought the problem of dust control to the lotus of the mining industry's attention. This problem has been aeeentuated by lire appli cation of the more modem methods of coal recovers' by continuous and longwall ma(hinery and by the increase of rock drilling for roof holt installation. 1 he industry has recognized this situation with appropriate gravity and has taken steps to apply and advance the technology of dust to.'itiol. In light of our present limited knowledge of the effects of inhalation of xarious concentrations of dust over long periods of e-posme, current control mrnsmes ap pear to ho successful. Should blither studies pros'c that lower dust concentrations arc nece-sary for a healthful atmosphere, the indus try will meet those standards by improving eiment control measures or by developing lieu (echoologv. Such studies arc now bring undertaken jointly by the United Stales Bureau of Mines anil the I'uhlic Health Service of the Depart ment of Health, Education, and Welfare with the cooperation of the mining industry. Representatives of the member companies and staff of the Bituminous Coal Operators' Association scr- (ficially as advisors to the government agencies involved in this project. Member companies are making available their facilities for dust surveys under actual mining conditions. The industry has. if for no other reasons than increased comfort and safety through belter visibility, applied a wide-range ol dust control methods and devices. Stronp.rc measures are being employed or tested where silica dust is involved or where bitu minous dust is created in undesirable con centrations. Silica dust is being controlled effectively by wet drilling or vacuum collectors used with rock drills. Improved cutting bits have simplilictl these methods of control and the aereplancc by workmen nf tbo use of respira tors generally lias been realized by the puls licitv given to the recognizable problem o! breathing silica dust. llock dust standards have been strength ened bv I lie lowering nf the allowable limit of free and combined silica content from 2-5 percent to 5 percent. Reduction of exposure In silica dust lias been helped by the em ployment of conveyor belts and rubbcr-tiinl vehicles for coal haulage and for man trips. All told, the industry has found and is applviug the means to control the silica dust encountered in coal mining. The problem of controlling coal dust is, on the other band, more complex, pre|8lnanfi site ribs with tl and is confused by the fact that tlydmrtafli- - 1dower disclirtigc-.^^jy, ing of coal dust lias not been positively rec niminted mi the m i I lit ognized with respect to its contribution to liansling w itli iv p. <1 t. respitntovy or circulatory ailments. Constant Iloiv. elfort is being made to find means of pro ducing less dust in the mining operation and to abate, divert or eollret the dust that is piodm-rd. `Ilie most soplilslicat-'d m.'.ivnli.iu t r > > vironinentnl dust control is (||<- breathing apparatus wliieli is being ' 1 a major coal jirndneer Inr mo In en-o. ...... fa conventional mining, the use of prop erly situated high pressure water sprays, in which the uso tif additives is sometimes beneficial, has brought about a considerable reduction of dust at its primary sources in drilling and cutting. Water-filled l'VC bags for stemming blast boles, improved coal shooting techniques, and direct application of fine mist or fog sprays iiave proven elfee- miner operators. I lie prol' t; pe d- i- ie sisls basically of a pm laid" ci;, m- me st." vessel Inaeketed on tin: ma. bine I" it, i xvith a heat exchanger and a (pin k ncct-couplcd delivery hose to a lire it-1. mask fitted with a demand type regn); 'm. The quick disconnect and ."-foot I-wib .-I hose give the operator freedom nf m e o - ' and exit. tivc in abating dust at its primary source in blasting. Secondary dust sources such as loading and transferring coal also can be The portable storage vessels are ii'Hi-l . n tire surface from a blending tank into v l ; ' liquid oxygen and nitrogen are fed in pi p < controlled by sprays, and roadway dust where a problem by welting or application of calcium chloiidc. proportions. When charged fully to '! > p e the vessels weigh 23 pounds. They ima nir 7 inches in diameter and 23 inclu < in ! One large mining company which began and are (.'quipped with a pressure geo-"' >! an intcnsix-c study of dust resulting from control valve. conventional mining upon its introduction in the middle 1930`s conducted dust surveys which showed concentrations ranging from Ollier methods of providing du-.t fn aii at comfortable temperatures to (o-i'.io-. "i % to 227 million particles per cubic foot without tile use of water sprays during the loading cycle. With the combined use of wet miner operators such as by lov.-ru .m. compressors or sciubbers are being < pim- -V None of these devices lies had volt!. I. ,.| drilling, compressed air blasting, "bug dust ing" units and sprays on cutting machines, to merit complete evaluation <-,p-( i.iflv in light of the unknown degree of the pby >logical alb'cl of breathing hUuminnn:'. '.prays on loading machines and at transfer dust. points, roadway sprinkling and salting, and with normal ventilation, typical concentra tions in million particle iht cubic foot were reduced to M.29 for undercutting and shear ing, 9.25 for drilling, 9.49 for blasting, nnd in average of 7.89 for shuttle car loading, Longwnll mining sometimes inlm-lm ; significant com enlr.-ilinns of coal de l i s - the air stream in which certain crew in.- nbers arc exposed. Encouraging results in sup pressing such dust liv high-pressure info- i. u of water in advance of the loog-.all I. tramming anil dumping. This compares with concentrations of up to 20.3 mp/cf for liandliuding operations in the same seam. have been experienced at the Mo. .\"i . 1i-- of The Carbon Enel Company. Continuous mining normally results in the production of more dust and longer periods of operator exposure. Here, the methane lib eration rale frequently dictates the use nf auxiliary face ventilation with its attendant benefits of dilution and prompt removal of dust. Exhausting auxiliary ventilation sys Water infusion and other means <d v !ting and of eollei ling dust do have the I Itional benefit of reducing the pos-ahil:1.- . r dust being raised in the atmosphere in e-i sive nuiunnts. Au\dinry w-ulil:.lii-u, . where dust can be efleclively collected m luted at the end nf llm lolling, dues nut h ,v tems are more inefficient and are less effec tive for gas removal, hut arc advantageous for dust removal in that the air current is Ibis feature, and where it is necessary maintain high velocities-, float dud \.r| 1 carried for considerable di'lan".':; in i-l.nn airways. away from the operator. This has been reme died in various ways, cither by use of both Sust and force tubing situated on nppo- Suspended float dust and prc ipilnl-. 1 -e: cumulations can be icnd.-n d me-nt.. the use nf liivkl" dnspos v hi- l -1 -r - 1967 National Safety Congress as*. 000630 ft ennugli lock iln'-t into the return air stream to dilute the coal dust to an inert mixture. Tin's lias the advantage of continuous protec tion and obviates the need to reapply rock dust in back entries. Some coal dusts are paiticularly difficult to wet without the use of additives or in creased temperature to lower the surface tension of the water. The principle of in creasin'; the water temperature to improve "wettability" has been used with outstanding results by at least one. major company for special applications such as transfer points in tipples and in a long inclined surface convey or tunnel. 'They have found that steam jets at critical transfer points will suppress the dint elloctivcly through all subsequent trans fer points including final rail loading. There n, however, little encouragement that steam could be used practically in underground coal mines. Increased ventilation in the last open breakthrough and at the face is still the most common means of combating air-born dust. This is Freely because of the close relation ship of methane and dust with respect to lln il lutes nl liberation (generation) and lltc necessity to dilute and remove them. Many mines circulate quantities of fresh air several limes the legal minimum through the last open hi'-nkllirniigh. Superior quality material fur line cml.iius is now available and is gain ing wider use in the industry for conducting air into the working place more effectively, further, the industry has endorsed the United States Itmeaii of Mines proposal to n-vi-e the permissibility schedule to require that boring-type miners be designed with a 2('0-sqiinie inch cross sectional area for ac commodating auxiliary ventilation ductwork. As described in a paper presented at the 51st Annual Meeting of the Mine Inspectors Institute of America by M. C. W. Connor, Jr. of United States Steel Corporation's Cary Division, a two-split ventilation system dcm loped in that division is being used to contiol methane and dust and to direct the dust generated at the face away from personnel. This involved development of a mining se quence in which a separate fresh-air split is coursed over tire continuous miner and diivclcd to the leturn permitting the mining of tv. n or three places on cycle. Tile system made moic effective use of lire ventilating current at the face by minimizing the use of line brattice and eliminating the need for shuttle cars to travel through check curtains. Maintaining the line curtain ahead of the operator is essential in order to minimize dust in his vicinity and promptly dilute and remove gas. Little has been done effectively in the medical fields toward the prevention ot treatment of silicosis and other respirator)' ailments. The "Aluminum Therapy" process involving inhalation of aluminum and alu mina dust as a counteractant which was de veloped by the industry-sponsored McIntyre Research foundation in Canada has largely fallen into disuse. This is partly because the foundation required those companies to which it licensed the process to employ tensive engineering controls to abate dtisl underground, and that these controls, in themselves, were found to he sufficient 'There is some amount of controversy re garding the methods and procedures for col lecting and precisely evaluating dust sam ples. The standard instrument used for years by tin- enal industry is the midget inipingcr. The midget inipingcr lias a sampling efficiency of 80-100 percent. Threshold lim its for mineral dusts arc based on impinges sampling, making the dust counts of such samples directly comparable. The United States bureau of Mines--Vnblic Health Ser vice dust study proposes to use other types of sample collection devices for both area sampling and for "personnel" sampling. Con current inipingcr samples will be taken in order to establish a basis for conversion ol the data collected during the many years ef industry study of dust concentrations. The personnel samplers will be used to determine the actual concentration of dust to which various occupations are exposed, at the breathing zone, over a full shift period. The experiment is expected to .span a period of several years before meaningful data can lie obtained for comparison with clinical studies of respiratory ailments of miners. In summation, it is apparent that coal dust can and in most instances is being controlled to tolerable levels; and that the industry i< willing to meet the challenge posed by stud ies designed to determine whether coal dust standards should lie improved. DUST comply AND' frrt jkr sac^jt: ) MEASURES A TQNGWAU. FACJM W- By II. C. MORTON Division Supt., The Carbon fuel Company, Carbon, W'-st Yi'-ginia f During the summer of 1963, along with very inefficient, since, the longwall veiii into j oilier officials of The Carbon Fuel Company, service, the mine has remained in an -.< 1 visited the longwall faces operating in iioinicully sound position. Eastern Associated Corporation's mines at Our longwall face started np-ratiii:' Man li Kopperston nnd Keystone. Our purpose was 2, 1961. On July I, 1967, the section lied to evaluate tbc system as a possible solution operated 1,575 shifts and laid pinduc a I to roof control and recovery problems in our 1,103,262 Ions of clean coal or TOO. lit 'mis No. 20 Mine at Carbon, W. Va. No. 20 Mine of dean coal per shift. Add about t'.O'.T In, b in die Eagle Seam and at that time had seam rejects and the total material hand!-! been operating for a little over two years. was'l,379,077 tons or 876 tons per shift. (V- The roof in the mine is composed of a crating time for these calculations inebid--:; strata of very' soft and unconsolidated shale all the time (lie mini! operated minus the which varies in thickness from twelve inches time the longwall equipment was minin'! to ten feet. This roof strata can be held very and lining set up. Considering the fait that well in entries with wooden headers bolted we have experienced several rather seii'-u: j to die top and timbered, however, when roof falls on the head and tail entries and on over 60 percent of the seam is mined by con the longwall face and suffered from n'V a ventional room and pillar methods the shale problems which slowed production, ve roof becomes hazardous nnd difficult to han at least not ashamed of those (ignro.-:. dle. Consequently seam recover)- was low, Seam rrcoveiy as wo are pi,-m-iilly not over 55 percent, and the cost of produc ing is good. The first panel entries o- tion was about equal to the sale price. No. 20 driven in sets of three entries on 70-fl. r en Mine was about to fail and we were looking ters. The two rows of 51 ft. x 80 ft. chain for a saviour. pillars were left in tin, gob. While e nd ing 1 was greatly impressed with the longwall willi these projections v.o worn iirnv<,ing system I observed at Eastern Associated 83 percent of the seam area between tin- butt. Mines--it was love at first sight. I felt at off and barrier pillar. Now, wu are (hiving that time that the retreat longwall method only two entries for development. The < bam ! had the potential of the most economical, (o-iservativc and safest method of mining coal. Now, after having been directly asso ciated widi longwall mining for over three Jnd a half years, my feelings have not pillar between the entiles wbieb is fill in I In gob is only 17 ft. thick and 78 ft. long, . > we are now recovering 99.17 percent ol doscam area. Reducing the mnnlier of chain pillars left in the; gob to one row of very dim dunged. pillars not only increased seam recovery bn* J Of course, the method has not reached the it also contributed to our success with ike | potential--it h;f< probably now only readied system by eliminaliug sque- zing In tin ! d a level of evaluation equal to the model "A" entry and on the tail side of the face. Ford in that line of excellent automobiles. As In my opinion, large non-yielding pillais v-c sang then, "Henry made a Lady out of left ill llie gol) behind the face and between Lizzy"--we now have something more like a the caved area and solid coal to be miio d on kdy in the line of mining equipment. the adjacent panel has been tin- piineigal ! No. 20 Mine is now operating three scc- cause of the failures in the retreat longwall tional units of equipment. In addition to the method of mining in most eases. They wiM bngwall unit, one conventional shuttle car also cause squeezing and humping in o'.!r i !uait is used for developing longwall panel seams," over and under, wlu-n they aie inn----! i fairies and one for mining areas of the scam in later years. j adjacent to old mine workings or crop and There have been mimrnms grin tie.' y w : J property lines that cannot be fitted into the connected with the retreat longwall rtg-g. I longwall pattern. Although the development A lot of learning lias been neri-ssaiv -in-I ' ' is driving only two entries which is lot more is m'-ib-rI b-Tme the v. sle: . l'JG7 tiational Safety Congress OFFICERS OF THE COAL MINING SECTION National Safety Council 1967-68 General Chairman--William Paiusi, Pittsburgh Coal Co., Div. of Consolidation Coal Co., Library, Pa. First Vice-Chairman--James Westfif.ld, U. S. Bureau of Mines, Department of the Interior, Washington, D. C. Second Vicc-C/ioinmni--Halvii Banks, Inland Steel Co., Sesser, III. Secretary--II. F. Weavf.h, U. S. Bureau of Mines, Department of the Interior, Washington, D. C. .Yeiofi "ter Editor-- Hayulun' II. Fhaley, Consolidation Coal Co., Morgantown, W. Va. Labor Representatives-*Ciiahles Ferguson (Chairman), United Mine Workers of America, Washington, D. C.; Alueut Pass, United Mine Workers of America, District No. 19, Middlcsboro, Ky.; Hex Lauck, United Mine Workers of America, Washington, D. C.; Leonard Pnakovicii, United Mine Workers of America, Dist. No. 31, Fairmont, W. Va. Bituminous Coal Representatives--A. E. Cofeland, Pocahontas Fuel Co., Div. of Consolida tion Coal Co., Pocahontas, Va.; Hobeivt Williams, Colorado Fuel & Iron Co., Pueblo, Colo.; Coy South, Bell & Zoller Coal Co., Johnston City, 111.; E. E. Quekon, Peabody Coal Co., St. Louis, Mo.; William Meadows, The Pittsburg & Midway Coal Mining Co., Sturgis, Ky. Anthracite Representatives--Coal Associations' Rejjresentativcs--Quinn Morton III, Execu tive Secretary, Southern Coal Producers' Assn., Charleston, W. Va.; Harry Gandy, Jr, National Coal Assn, Washington, D. C.; Ford Sampson, Ohio Coal Assn, St. Clnirsville, Ohio; Ceoiice TiiEvonnow, Bituminous Coal Operators' Assn, Washington, D. C.; Chejter Tiiuax, American Mining Congress, Washington, D. C. U. S. Bureau of Mines Representatives--Fnank C. Memmott, U. S. Bureau of Mines, Dept of the Interior, Washington, D. C. Mine Inspectors' Institute of America Representative--1\. D. Bradford, U. S. Bureau of Mines, McAlester, Okla. State Mine Inspectors' Representatives--Arnold Snowden, Ohio Div. of Mines, Columbus, Ohio; Houeut J. Mahrs, West Virginia Dept, of Mines, Charleston, W. Va.; Leon Ruff, Illinois Department of Mines and Minerals, Springfield, 111.; Dennis J. Keenan, Penn sylvania Department of Mines and Mineral Industries, Cresson, Pa.; A. H. Makdt, Kentucky Department of Mines and Minerals, Lexington, Ky.; Ward Padcett, Okla homa Depa> it of Mines and Mining, Oklahoma City, Okla.; II. T. Williams, Alabama Div. of Safely and Ins] Department of Mines and Miner;] Mine Inspection Dept, Denver, Virginia, Big Stone Cap, Va.; C mission of Utah, Salt Lake City, r 000631 n, Birmingham, Ala.; W. ugl@!'',.'i v. f 1 ^Moj^bJbf^a^ONAI.D Jf*Nffgl.'ol"r ,1" ''' `I ; Wt JFSsTM'*MUi.fciNsV Div. Sta!- i f V.f, F. CiioNNitsc Chairman,..TIic1iidir:lT':i! <\-n. Engineering Committee--Donald Mitchell (Chairman), U. S. Bureau of Min,'-. !'ir.. hnrgh, Pa.; E. J. IIlinsky, WABCO, Goodman Division, Chicago, III.; S. i|. y, Jeffrey Manufacturing Co., Columbus, Ohio; C. A. Bailey, Applied llcscaich Lalvrai . U. S. Steel Corp., Monroeville, Pa.; James Ei.kin, Durpiesno Light Co., Coal |J. Pittsburgh, Pa.; C. B. Fuellsen, Joy Manufacturing Co., Ftanklin, Pa.; la' v; N. McNickle, Ilanna Coal Co., Div. of Consolidation Coal Co., Cadiz, Ohio; ('1.'m 1 1 Jesse, Semct-Solvay Div., Allied Chemical A Dye Corp., Tralee, W. Va.; Tom hi::.:. U. S. Steel Corp., Frick Div., Uniontmvn, Pa.; E. J. IIaioiis, U. S. Bureau r,f Mines. Pittsburgh, Pa.; S. P. Polack, U. S. Bureau of Mines, l'illshnrgh, Pa.; W. W. Da: im Bethlehem Mines Corp., Johnstown, Pit.; TIai.iui Kiiek, U. S. Bureau of Mines. !'ii:-. burgh. Pa.; IIarvey Younkeu, United Mine Workers of America, DisliiU No. F.h-.::. hurg, Pa.; James V. Burgess, Madison, W. Va.; John Kati.ic, Enslrru Ass-eiit-d ` e d Corp., Pittsburgh, Pa. Entertainment Committee--Everett White (Chairman), Mine Safety Appliances Co., l'iu-- burgh, Pa.; II. E. Mauck, Mountaineer Coal Co., Div. of Consolidation Coal Co., r-:,. mont, W. Va. , Training And Visual Aitls Committee--IIaiiold Davis (Chairman), Coal Age, New Ved , N. Y.; S. H. Mooney, Woodward Iron Co., Woodward, Ala.; Mauiiick Fowi.rn, I'mquesne Light Co., Greensboro, l'a.; Paul Budzak, Freeman Coal Mining Cove.., V I Frankfort, III.; Walteh Fleming, U. S. Steel Corp., Birmingham, Ala.; Julius ()>.'. n, Ilanna Co., Div. of Consolidation Coal Co., Cadiz, Ohio; George Kadie, Mel/.m-l I'mu 1 Publications, Coal Mining k Processing, Chicago, III.; D. S. Kinci iiy, U. S. Bureau id Mines, Pittsburgh, Pa.; F. D. Baker, U. S. Bureau ol Mines, Pittsburgh, Pa. Trogram Committee--Ward Stahl (Chairman), U. S. Bureau of Mines. Dept, of the In terior, Washington, D. C.; E. L. Baker, Lynch Dislriet, U. S. Steel Coni., T.ymh, 'A.; Charles D. Bowling, Scinel-Solvay Div., Allied Chemical & Dye Corp.. I.i>i-.;-i-, W. Va.; Paul Lingo, North America Coal Corp., Ohio l)iv., Powhatan point. Ohio; John Reeves, Mid-Continent Coal and Coke Corp., Carbondale, Colo.; It. L. Yin;, Bituminous Coal Operators' Association, Washington, I). C.; Ciiaiilks II. Mains. MmSafety-Appliances Co., Pittsburgh, Pa.; Lewis Ji.sai.oskv, Ilanna Coal Co., D:'-. <' Consolidation Coal Co., Cadiz, Ohio. Membership Committce-jAUZS Hurley (Chairman), North Americ an Coni Coip., <>--. land, Ohio; A. J. Baiitlett, Southern Coal Producers Assn., Charleston, W. V.-.: Alex Kf.Leman, Armco Steel Corp., Coal Div., Montcoal, W. Va.; rC. E. : Island Creek Coal Co., Holden, W. Va.; Claiience Jesse, Scmci-Solvay Div.. Al'gd Chemical & Dye Corp., Tralee, W. Va.; Dennis Frailev, Old IJcn Coal Coip., Benin". 111.; S. II. Mooney, Woodward Iron Co., Woodward, Ala.; H. E. Mauck, Mom;! m'- i Coal Co., Div. of Consolidation Coni Co., Fainnont, W. Va.; Jrssi; Suirm nn. IF..... Coal Co., Div. of Consolidation Coal Co., Cadiz, Ohio. Hw/ Control Committee-Francis It. Boyle (Chairman), Frick District, U. S. Steel <'mr . Uniontown, Pa.; Paul Budzak, Freeman Coal Mining Coip., West F ' fort. I1!.; /9:T National Safety Congress John McCormick, U. S. Bureau of Minos, Pittsburgh, l'a.; E. K. Quenon, Peabody Coil Co., St. Louis, Mo.; '.V. S. McConnell, U. S. Steel Corp., Cary, W. Va.; EdwaBO Onuscheck, Rochester & Pittsburgh Coal Co., Indiana, Pa.; Emeiiy Olsen, Western District, Coal Div., U. S. Steel Corp., Dragerton, Utah; D. C. Jones, McLcan-Hunter Puhlicalions, Coal Mining & Processing, Chicago, 111.; Ciiaiu.es T. Holland, West \irginia University, School of Mini's, Moiganlown, W. Va.; `Joshua Smiiii, Eastern Association Coal Corp., Mt. Hope, W. Va.; A. M. SiiAi-r iai, Republic Steel Corp., Uniontre.en, Pa. r- i .'/i ity Committee--Rex Lauck (Chairman), United Mine Workers of America, Wash ington, D. C.; Harrison Gilmer, U. S. Bureau of Mines, Department of the Interior, Washington, D. C.; IIerdkrt Posted, National Coal Association, Washington, D. C.; A. E. Flowers, Coal Age, McGraw-Hill Publishing Corp., New York, N. Y.; Robert \V. Van EvEn.s, American Mining Congress, Washington, D. C.; George C. Lindsay, McLcan-IIunter Publications, Chicago, 111.; Waiuien II. Moss, Continental Oil Co., New York, N. Y. Off-Thc-Joh Safety Committee--Peter Ferguson (Chairman), Bethlehem Mines Corp., Johnstown, Ta.; W. R. Park, U. S. Bureau of Mines, Mt. Hope, W. Va.; J. J. Cemacii, |r., Virginia Div. (if Mines, Big Stone Cap, Va.; Carson Hinmns, District 28, United Mine Markers of America, Norton, Va.; Thomas Liddle, Westmoreland Coal Co, Stonega Div., Big Stone Gap, Va.; William Muncie, Bituminous Casualty Corp, Rocl: Island, III.; E. W. Lewis, North American Coal Corp., Ohio Div., Powhatan Point, Ohio. Contcst-Anard.s Committee--"Hanny Gandy, Ju. (Chairman), National Coal Assn., Wash ington, D. C.; Roiiert Vinks, Bituminous Coal Operators' Assn., Washington, D. C.; Bi n Lauck, United Mine Workers of America, Washington, D. C. Research And Planning Committee--"Woods C. Talman (Chairmen), U. S. Steel Corp., Pittsburgh, l'a.; `Andrew Hyslop, Jr., Ilauna Coal Co., Div. of Consolidation Coal Co., Cadiz, Ohio; `IlARnY Gandy, Jr., National Coal Assn., Coal Bldg., Wash ington, D. C.; `C. E. Linkous, Island Creek Coal Co., Holden, W. Va.; *M. F. Brennan, United Mine Workers of America, District No. 7, Hazleton, Pa.; `James D. Reilly, Hanna Coal Co., Div. of Consolidation Coal Co., Cadiz, Ohio; `Joshua Smith, Eastern Associated Coal Corp., Mt. Hope, W. Va.; `Charles Ferguson, United Mine Workers of America, Washington, D. C. f'ominating Committee--`Woons G. Talman (Chairman), U. S. Steel Corp., Pittsburgh, Pa.; `Andrew HvsLor, Jn., Hanna Coal Co., Div. of Consolidation Coal Co., Cadiz, Ohio; `Harry Gandy, Jr., National Coal Assn., Washington, D. C. Staff Representative--Clinton H. IIoch, National Safety Council, 425 N. Michigan Ave., Chicago. 111. 60611. Past Ccneral Chairman PLAN NOW TO ATTEND THE NATIONAL SAFETY GlIHORfiW OCTOBER 28-31, 1968 / CONRAD HILTON I10TEI, rn' Pi np The Congress is always a big week, a woithwhih v for the 13,000 safely people who nllcncl. At the '68 Congress you can ineel oilier safely pr op! > With the same problems and responsibilities as yourself. You can exchange views and ideas on accident pic">ution, health, hygiene, and fire prevention ... on s.-tf-.'.in industry, traffic, school, at home and on Hie f .iir,. You can see the largest of all safety equipment exhiNlat the Congress ... an opportunity for you to make informed buying decisions for your company. This four-day educational program, planned and pi", sented by the National Safety Council, can b- yom most thought-provoking, most worthwhile safety " i ~ rience in 1968. Make plans early to attend the 1968 Congress and britm the other people in your organization who have . responsibilities. FUTURE CONGRESS DATES 1968 October 28 31 1969 October 27 30 1970 October 26 29 1971 October 25 28 1972 October 23 26 NATIONAL SAFETY CCUJ M C I I 425 NOIITH MICHIGAN AVENUE . CHICAGO, II.UHPIS V '! 1967 Xalional Safety Congress minimum injury In miplnycrs; to pmmolc nnixiinmu cllirit'iu'y: :ml to effect siivim'.s lv pi<'\< utility iitjuiy and ly icdiieintf interrup tions (.auMfl hv cn npaliotial ;ufidrnts. ' J 1m> objective was followed by an outline of im tli(if|s of (iblainiio.! I In* il >ji-t li\ *: "Tlii* ell i*t 11\i in s i *1 lln* A. i iilrnl l'i r\ i'.iI inn I'hul v.ill ili |h ml upon lln* pmlii ipatiou anil i 11*; p* i a I ji m of *ai pi i vi**i a ; ami employers of all * <iiifi i* tiii*. ami - iih < milt.i'tms niigut'.-d on lliia pinjivt, and lln1 coordination of llicir rfloils in enuying mil llio following basic pun laliiii's: 1. I'l.inning all work to protect against personal injury, propeity damage, and loss of productive time. 2. Maintaining a system of prompt detec tion ami correction of unsafe practices and r onditinns. 3. Making available and enforcing the nsc of personal protective equipment and me dian il guards. 1. Establishing an cflectivc system of tool and equipment inspection and maintenance. 5. Establishing an educational program to insure the interest and cooperation of all cm- I'lan v i lln inn'll: A. IVimiii.iI osauipli- and salelv vontacls. II. Instruction in safety requirements anil insistence on compliance with such requirements. C. Safety meetings. D. Elleelive use of bulletins, posters, or other safety literature. E. Investigation of all accidents to de termine their cause and promptly tak ing the corrective action to prevent their recurrence. 0. Each cimlraelor's and sub-contractor's principal supervisors shall obtain a copy of and shall comply with the Indiana Safety Code for the Construction Industry, and rules and regulations applicable, to tin* work pi i formed by eaeli employer on this proji cl." Following the outline of six methods to gain the objectives, the responsibilities of the chief project engineer: the safely cnoidiuutoi: the contractors and suh-eonlractnrs; and lln* job foremen are outlined. Tlie chief projet t engineer is responsible for llie entire plan as 1 ha\c outlined it to tlii- point and, in addition, must appoint a sal. I> i oerdiualor, autliin i/iug him to en force safely measures and to recommend lorn 'ive action v.hen silli-standard prac tices and conditions are olneneil. l ln* responsibility ol the safety coonlin.itor is lo follow all phases of the plan its llicy have been oiilllneil ami in addition maintain adequate records. The responsibilities of tin* contractor ami soil eoiiti'ielor are; I. Comply with all puni' ions of the Acci- ilei11 rrcvcnlion I'lan, including attendance at and palIjeipalion In solely meetings. Appoinl a qiialilicd inpio-.ciiliillvc with full nulhoiity to ac t on all matteis relating lo the Accident prevention I'lan. 3. I'lan work lo protect against personal injury, property damage, and loss of produc tive time. 4. Cooperate with the project safety coor dinator. 5. Comply with the requirements of the Indiana Stale Code and all other codes relat ing to his operations. 0. Provide to employees and visitorj all personal protective equipment required by the exposure and enforce the use of such equipment. 7. Insure that prompt first aid is adminis tered to an injured employee and transport him lo til" project clinic or as otherwise di rected lay the clinic. 8. Comply with all required accident re porting procedures. The outline of the job foreman's responsi bilities include: 1. Setting a good example fur the men. 2. Instructing in safe work practices and work methods. 3. Use of proper protective equipment ami proper tools. 4. Checking for unsafe conditions and practices. 5. Completely investigating accidents to determine causes and taking all necessary corrective action, C. Promptly completing required Accident llepnrts. 7. Holding meetings with men. The limns Jlarhor construction supervi sion and safety personnel are continually in the construction areas and insist on strict compliance with the Accident Prevention Plait and the "Cciicral Safety Hides for Con tractors". The fact that the Bethlehem Steel Corporation provides workmen's compensa tion and general liability insurance to cover approved contractors on the project greatly enhances enforcement of the safely program by Bethlehem and compliance with the pro gram by the contractor::. 000633 Weekly safely meetings a llic craft union stewards, cnnimiltees from lln-se modi with plant protection and sa personnel of the Burns I lari . llier assist in the compliance ly all contrac tors toward the ilesin-il goal of iiiasiiiiiiin safe working conditions. IViiodicallv, tin- business ngonl-i for tin'U'll': make salelv loin:: ol the eoiisliin lion mas with mcmhcis of the construction and safety departments pointing out various con structive improvements to further improve the program. Considerable time is spent working with the A.F.L. craft union safety representative to insure a mutual understanding that, for a. safety program In he effective, requires the cooperation of both management and labor. Without the complete sincere support of the 'mMinn -mi 1 Only intf Ipvp it!>*t titan firm t'-tnttr-- I H'lftHH-'l to liiim' tin: *:tlrly jum-..;. t . Into linr. 1 hr :iii| nf (hr ptinh. In-'. mi nt U rnli lirl w Ifii tlii* ini t . livlnr iirlitm*. |mv** I* i n*-- < . piornltin* |i*-rn mn .l <-lln li\v. Our pKif'innt i*: tint trnli! *- i-ili* : i in the roiiNlrm lion imlitsfry, Inr im tl. Dion (Irnomiu.'ilnr of plnnnin". nu ! cnminiiniciUion. nntl follow llir.mrh ; : pnniwi will) ilrclicfiUvl Iwiri wnrl; -mi 'V p ! of cadi individual on llio \\V r.n impleimnt our pmi'min with t-nlfm : a direct iioss of pnrposf rlimimfi"- I* fee" ami the a! tit ml** Mu* v ?H I: problem Inter". OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH PM THE CP''SIR?.-:. INDUSTRY By FEED OTTOBONI Senior Iiiiliistrial Hygiene Engr., Bureau of Oeenpatienal tlc -tit. California Stale Dept, of 1'iiblic llcallli, Berkeley, Calif. Occupational lieallh in the construction industry is a subject that lias not yet ret-iyed any real interest or attention in the failed Stales. Articles appear from time lo lime lo the American lili-ralure on a specific health hazard, such as lung cancer in nslrcstos insulators, or lead poisoning In painters. Ithcr than a few papers originating in Cali fornia, "here a slari has hern made on the Imat, i i-so, and dust problems of heavy equipment operators, almost nothing seems to have been written on the present health 'lilns of the individual crafts or on the over:ill health problems or needs of the industry. This lack of interest and work is siguiflr'nt. Either there are no problems in the in dustry worthy of mention, or there is an ap palling lack of some vital ingredient which is nm-ssary for stimulating the growth of a nsteaialic Interest in ||,o health nf more than four million American workers. first, lets define "nmipational health". The term has lu-eu so Inosrlv used river tin- last few y ears that intelligent tli-- u i. I r.r the subject lias been ditlieiill. feme e. interpret it In mean everything limn I I -A finger to the social well Iv ing nl r|- i I:.. man's family. For mir piiqinst-s ever, oeeupniinnal heallh m, an. ll m lion of work-caused disease and d* alibi control of the work environment. -i where belli labor and iiiuiiegi m- >. Ii clear responsibility lor eh-ervalinv. I sion, and ha/anl cmilrol. This- d -fuiiv i quite-; pailieukir meaning wh u me- i that the majority of occnpation-d die a lint eui'alilr; lh<*y are onlv pti-v.-,(:>!,' Five eon- iosions lie. rnri-.d |, . studies of oei upatjinial Iwahli pn-l |. i. the eonstroelioii iodieliv. W'e |. , I q.. fimdamental, if progress is In !< m -,l . me the result of neatly live ye ns ..I .1 lions in California. Tins iham i!! -- Hi * lln- lark of interest, llie lath ef y. . . ,.,, Ihe lack of aelion |hat h. -ii ll- : : is reeogiiiv.'-d Ihal lln- imi:- li 1 .! .... J%7 Xiitional Siifrltj Congress %! on<lnn pressing safety problems in the industry m.IV. ill pail, bo responsible lor snlunrigiog any conceited intiicst in health problems. While no attempt is made here to detract from the important responsibility for acci dent prevention in the industry, it is time tli.it programs in work-induced disease pre vention begin to receive the attention they deserve. High accident frequencies cannot, by any stretch of the imagination, justify a lack of interest in healthy working condi tions. Our first conclusion-there is a basic need to recognize that construction workers are now suffering job-induced diseases and that new diseases will cnicigo with advancing tcchu k.gy. To the casual observer or even a member of the industry itself, it is reasonable to be lieve that occupationally-induced diseases in construction work arc not a problem. The crafts have long histories of working out doors in the fresh air with hammers, shovels, and other tools which have in the past tradi tionally presented safely problems, but not health problems. A look at the Federal or State health sta tistics appear to support this concept: not because there is a lack of problems, but be cause neither the Federal government nor the states--with the possible exception of California--keep any statistics on the sub ject. When no disease is reported, it is natu ral to conclude that none exists. However, what appears as no problem is, in reality, no information on the problem. Experience in California supports this con clusion. In recent years, physician's reports of occupational diseases among construction workers have been coming into the State Health Department at approximately twice the average rate for all California workers. Since 1949, when recording began in Cali fornia, this rate has been continuously among the three highest of all the major in dustries. The diseases involve the skin, the lungs, systemic poisonings, hearing loss--es sentially the whole range of illnesses nor mally believed to lie in the exclusive prov ince of factory workers. Fit' 1 investigations suggest that more is to come. For example, an estimate based on hearing tests conducted at construction sites by fully-qualified audiologists indicates that some 20.000 heavy equipment operators now working in the state have permanent noiseinduced hear""' loss. The trend toward larger, faslrr. and more powerful equipment, worker in mind. The factories^ designed without consideration for the Inn);, lei hi health of the operator, is expected to critical industrial be.-illli pro! 19lh and early 20lb ceiiluricj V ;! f ' intensify this hearing loss problem. It also where the interest, the rese ilues-paving meiiilti'T? * for sio ]-c expected to introduce silicosis for the first money has been invested. The emphasis $13,000 yearly total Inidg-t will o time as a disease of the operators of dozers, today, although comparatively small, is still more than a fraction of the count is 1" power shovels, and front-end loaders. on the factory. As a result, the standard con Ictus, and that fraction will be f:u The equipment operator is not alone is trol methods available in all the textbooks, ientril. facing these health hazards. The recent rfr placement of the plasterer's conventional ; trowel with a spray nozzle has introduced j serious hearing loss problems insofar as tin plaster guns that vve have measured arc con cerned. Further, the gun application of as- : beslos-containing fireproof coatings continue ; without control and without concern. Yet data coming in regularly from studies of 1 men working around asbestos dust leave very little doubt that the gun operator and : other craftsmen in the area are being sub- . jected to the risk of asbestosis and lung can- i ccr. r There are many more examples. Plastic I adhesive and surfacing materials have made ' life an itchy nightmare for the tile setter and the cement mason. It is important to realis that much of this skin disease is accompinied by a permanent allergy to the epoq resin hardener used in the process. The slightest further exposure to the hardena : brings on a repent ease of the itch and the man is permanently disabled for any furthn work with the plastic. ventilation, isolation, enclosure, substitution, and personal protection, are organized to make practical and economical sense in a factory setting. The factory hand works for the most part in a fixed location. Exposure is repetitive and predictable over a long period of time. Utili ties are available and control methods can Ixs designed, tested, and finally built-in as part of the company's long-term capital Invest ment. It is not unusual to see a $20,000 ven tilation system built into a plant to protect 10 or 15 welders. But look at the welders on the construc tion job. In a lifetime, each will have done about as much work and generated as many fumes as a factory welder. However, the control system here is non-existent, because the control methods in the textbooks do not make practical or economic sense on a con struction job. Factory spray painting is done in a venti lated booth, according to the books. Since n booth would cost too much on a construction job, we scratch our heads and spray paint- On this basis, it is unlikely that tin - v. i.'. -ty subsidized work that went into holoii" |t<industrialist to understand bis problt-ms- a to custom-tailor bis environmental um'iel will be available to the construction n 11-: try'. The facts arc that the responsibility fur providing a reasonably healthy place to v.te'.lies directly with construction labor, i construction management. The need for cnvirouoicnlal standards is growing with each day. Noise oircr:: a li.nexample: Heavy equipment, trucks, compres sors, chain saws, jackhammers, and a wide variety of power hand tools nre producin'' hearing loss that Is reaching seandahm-? pm. portions. There are choices. The individual contractor can hire an aceuiistics expert on-1 modify these tools at his own expense. .'.; another choice, lie can attempt to stulf r > plugs in his men, a method that v. ill be :! no practical value on a construction job, :>- i one that will probably reduce prodm li. it; . A popular alternative is to do nothing rad let the insurance companies woriy about it. Another example involves today's welder. ' anyway. The sensible solution is to cidloetiicly There was a time when very little except or- i Dust, noise, heat, and nlmost any health write a set of performance standards for dinnry steel was found on a construction joU problem is controlled Ivy cookbook methods power equipment. These can be \\ t<t!-.-:> An unprotected welder could work with very in the factory'. The cook hook doesn't work for right now, from knowledge at hand, and little hazard from fumes. Alloys arc chnngin{ construction, so we live with the problems would specify maximum allowable nois in this. For instance, inhalation of the fumo and hope they will go away. tensities at an appropriate given disarm- from manganese steel will produce an illness It is now critically necessary that we ac from the equipment. Tim tool iiiaimfn'sin -- which closely resembles Parkinson's disease. cept the fact that a construction job is not Consider also that nickel, cadmium, vans- the same as a factory job, and that tlie fac ilium, and some other metals are toxic by in- i tory hazard-control cookbook--although free may have difficult ics at first. Dot their conneering and research departments are avail able and in the best position to control low halation. -is not applicable. ing loss at the lowest possible cost. It is clear that the pick and shovel an A third conclusion--we must begin to de __Adequate labelling also must be cni'.u'd- gone, and along with them went the fresh velop our own occupational health stand ercil. Very few of the materials capable ef air and the iron man. The construction in ards. causing eye, skin, or lung problems ran It as dustry has entered the era of machines and The golden era of occupational health in plastics, paints, welding rods, duxes, sol chemicals, and it should recognize this. the United States ended in the mid-1950's. vents, lubricants, etc., have useful war-iine A second conclusion--it must bo recog The movement which began in the 1930's labels when they reach the construction she. nized that the methods which have been de and provided wide knowledge of industrial This has two negative effects, in addition veloped for the protection of the factory diseases and excellent textbooks is slowly the potential for injury. First, even tig* in1'-'- worker may not be feasible on a construed dying. The Federal program is small and ested men cannot find out how- to pi-a job. without legal authority. State programs not themselves. And second, if tig- maO ri d d->--: Most of the occupational health literature only have been declining in manpower, but cause a problem, the men have no 11 - u in and practically all of the preventive method) show little interest in the construction indus formation that might lie useful in so!e< tin-- - in use were developed with the factory try. The traditional standard-setting agency less harmful product for the next job. 10f>7 Walionnl Safety Congress 'I Iiis is pnilinil.nl>' dramatized liy the ex perience ol llii' cement masons, where labels are often so vague as to make it impossible for them to determine whether the surfacing material they are expected to apply on a pm titular job is a dermatitis-causing epoxy, a hroncliospnsin-cau.xmg urethane, or a relatis civ safe pel) ester. The noise and label problems are straight forward. They follow the textbook closely. Others may not be so simple because of the mobile nature of construction work. Solu tions to those will require imagination and money. Ideas from the space program are S'ue to he useful and wc expect to see ex ploitation of the controlled individual envi ronment in the form of air-supplied suits for plasterers, cement masons, and welders; and air-conditioned, noisc-and dust-tight capsules for lie v" equipment operators. Standards, once set, can make these easily accessible at mass-produced costs. The logical approach is to accept the re sponsibility and begin to develop some standards lliat can be put into contracts and equipment purchase orders; otherwise the industry faces attrition of skilled manpower, higher compensation costs, hazard pay, and if the problem gets land enough, the inevita ble application of the ill-fitting industrial cookbook to these construction jobs. A fourth conclusion--records and statistics must be kept. . 1 repeat, health information on working men is scarce. This is particularly so in the construction industry because even the infor mation that is obvious in a factory is clouded by the nature of construction work. A factory is a relatively permanent envi ronment. Jobs acquire reputations: they smell; old timers get lung disease; this or that chemical will make you sick if you in hale it. This is epidemiology in its most primitive form, done w ithout the help of the professionals or the government. Neverthe less, it is very effective in discovering dis eases and developing control methods. Contrast tills with a construction job. The office is often a house trailer and a single craft is not likely to be on a given job for more than a year. Who now is going to do tile ' pidrmiology? Work-induced health damns, suffered by a riaft during the course of a single project very easily passes without notice. It is not until a series of such projects --and years--1' - passed that disability is marked enough to prevent further employ ment. At this point, cause-effect relationships arc obscure. No single event can be held re sponsible, and the work force has a few less craftsmen. If by some chance the illness is recognized as work-induced, the last em ployer may be held responsible for the entire cost of compensation. This is no solution. For example, earth mover operators have long suspected that somehow spinal prob lems are connected with their jobs. This may or may not be so; there are no statistics. It is hardly possible that all equipment operators are born with bad hacks. It is most likely, however, that the vibration and bouncing on some types of seats on some types of equip ment arc causing spinal damage. Unless it is known, first, whether or not operators it* truly suffering spinal problems and second, exactly which machines and what conditions arc responsible for the problems, prevention of "back troublo" will be impossible. With computers now available, it is feasi ble to rccortl the pertinent details of every job, every illness, and every death for every mail working in tile construction industry. This should be done by every craft union, with the cost shared by the employer. Rou tine computer output will then tell us whether painters die young, or equipment operators get silicosis, or plasterers get em physema, and whether the lung cancer that has been found in asbestos insulators Is being controlled or not controlled. A fifth conclusion--uniform, reasonable regulation must be insisted on. Competition is very real in construction. In fact, it appears to be so fierce that it often is cited as the justification for poor health and bad safety practices. For instance, the question ns to why water is not being used to control dust on n given haul road very often will bring the reply that this is highly commendable; however, "it was not included in the job estimate because the competiiio: never includes such tilings, and in order la hid tlio job successfully it was necessary to dispense with the water wagons". This is a standard answer for many prob lems. Its effect is to penalize the legitimate contractors and to make the natural groulb of healthy working conditions next to impos sible. This fanatic interest in cost-reduviio: seems to be eroding the few existing health standards accepted by the industry. For example, everyone knows that a sand blaster should wear an airsupplied helmet. nf Of?*?' i This has been accepted without question for matter how legal, neither inei-:;-*- , V; , decades. Yet during the last year the writer make diesel exhaust better to :ie* '1 i <e has seen five construction jobs where sand to inhale. blasters were working. They all religiously The competitive inducement !,> wore the proper helmets--but not one had money by shaving health and saf:'y c an air-supply hose connected to the helmed need not continue, flood applied ! -i Apparently the air supply Isn't being figured arris, as they ate developed under riii.d into the bids anymore, even though it is still in the law. conclusion noted nlrove, van In: made : p el of all construction contracts and a*! lab: Diesel engines in underground construc management contracts. In tips v ay. hcxh'iy tion arc an example of long-term, legal ero working conditions will be olficinHy ,:iey- sion. Diesels were nllowcd underground only nized as a legitimate cost of doing I i;V _ after long study and, finally, the setting of and the toll will bo paid in dollar:: by Ike rigorous standards by the Bureau of Mines. buyer of services rather than in the lee.hl- These included specially designed engines, and longev ity of the craftsmen who piev; ' : matching exhaust scrubbers, and ventilation them. rates based on numbers which accompanied The construction industry has a he t or tha vehicle from the manufacturer. CompotiJ 'hidden and pressing occupational hrakli live progress over the last 20 years has led to the erosion of standards and the acceptance of any diesel vehicle with a home-made problems, with more to come. For tl\? term future, government rescue dogs net seem possible and a serious and planned ef scrubber, and ventilation rates based on air fort by management and labor is !:.-!!- sampling methods that have not been proved needed. reliable. The engineered and tested stand The construction industry lias onjr;. and ards and safety factors prepared by the Bu become addicted to the privileges el haul reau of Mines are being forgotten. Allhongh work and fresh air. Change is always a few contractors still use Dtircnu of Mines cult. But one way or another, like it or i T. equipment, continuous pressure from the in the technology that wc arc using to eh in; > dustry has eroded the minimum standard. the face of the earth will, in the long i-n. One thing is certain: eroded standards, no change us also. IVH7 ,\ dtioii/il Safety Congress ramrs me different, Following tlie ilirrctinns id tlie manufacturers in mixing and applying these (In'iinVals is tin1 safest policy and will give tlie most effective rese'ts. The person in charge of the program should be well aci|n.iinte;l with the terms used in the recom mended instructions and familiar with lire eipiipinent provided to do the job. Hi) knowledge must be thorough and accurate, for according to the old saying, "It's better to know nothing than to know somethin; that's not so". OFFICERS OF THE CONSTRUCTION SECTION NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 00063K \. | Cencral Chairman--T. S. McKosky, Supervisor of Toolhouscs, Bethlehem Steel Corp., I Bethlehem, Pa. __ * Vice-Ceneral Chairman--*VV. G. Bryson, Safety Director, Tidewater Construction Corp., Norfolk, Va. I General Secretary-- J*Fredkmck II. Deec, Mgr., Accident & Fire Prevention Dept., Ann r ican Mutual Insurance Alliance, Chicago, III. Assistant Cencral Secretary--*Fhed A. Hornsey, Jn., Product I.ine Manager, Minn Safely j BuAilpdpinliga--ncBesnoCNoS.O, NPitAts.buCroghle, ,Pa(C. hairman), Sa' 'fely Engineer, Engineeiing k Ccnstru- lien Div., Koppers Co., Ine., Pittsburgh, l'a.; Ciiahi.is F. SrAimiu.. ( Vm i -(Ihaiini.in i. I DIAVsIsSisIOtaNntSChief Engineer, Liberty Mutual Insurance Co., Chicago, III.; Jtai.1 ir An.vii, Safety Engineer, Miller Davis Co., Melrose Park, III.; Ralph \V. Aumsi iiono, Snr.rrvi'iig Engineer, Engineering Div., The Travelers Insurance Co., Hartford, Conn.: I.loie. D. Bonham, Supervising Engineer, Joyce & Co., Chicago, III.; Charles \V. Borden. Jr., Manager of Safety, Ccco Corp., Chicago, III.; Henry V. Carvii.l, Safety Director Insurance Manager, Henry C. Beck Company, Dallas, Texas; Paul H. Orwn t United Brotherhood of Carpenters & Joiners of America, Washington, D. C.; W.w m ; C, HAncnEAVES, Safety Director, Fruin-Colnon Contracting Co., St. Louis. Mu.; II. F. Huber, Safety Director, Beacon Construction Co., Boston, Mass.: Noiuu nr I. Ilvv-u, Safety Director, Associated Cencral Contractors of Creator Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wi;.: Frederick M. Livincston, Jil, Safety Director, Turner Construction Companv. York, N. Y.; Rohkrt D. McCall, Manager of Accident Prevention. (inn-lnn.linu ledu .;ry Advancement Program, Pittsburgh, Pa.; Hucii J. McRae, Asst. Secy. Ruilding Onxli'"- tion Employers' Assn., Chicago, 111.; Francis L. Otto, Construction Specialist. Office of Occupational Safety, Bureau of Labor Standards, U. S. Department of Labor, Wash ington, D. C.; Alfred L. 1'eiuni, Jn., Safely Dir., Pcrini Corp., Framingham. Mas,; Richard E. ScimoimKii, Director. Home Office Engineering Services, American Mn'.mil liability Insurance Co., Wakefield, Mass.; Donald W. Stilwell, Jr.. Safety Supervisor, Tlie Ceeo Corp., Chicago. III.; Gene Wasseiiman, Safely Director, Weslcr Constpi'iimi Company, Inc., Newton Highlands, Mass.; |,Rorert A. Wendell, Chief, Safety Office, U. S. Anny Engineer Division, South Atlantic, Atlanta, Ca.; Tack Wilkinson, Pitei t<-r. Education, Welfare & Safety', Laborers' International Union of North Americn-AFL-CI'>. Washington. D. C.; Erwin N. Ziner, Project Manager, Ccnrge B. II. Macomb-r (Albion Station) Boston, Mass. Heavy--*Dan C. Christie, (Chairman), President, The Christie Co., Sacramento. C-dif.: James It. Milor (Vice Chairman), Safely Manager. II. K. Feiguson Cm., Clevehutd. Ohio; 1'Georce E. Aho, Safety Engineer, United Engineers and (most 1 uctm x. lire.. Philadelphia, Pa.; John Barker, Safety Supervisor, The Ralph M. Parsons Co.. Los Angeles, Calif.; Carlyle F. Bunn, Chief, Safety Branch, U. S. Army Engineer IlM-H ""Tisns City, Kansas City, Mo.; C. M. Cahill, Safety Engineer, Massiuno Construction ., Kansas City, Mo.; Fred S. Cameron, Safety Supervisor. Ebasco Services, lne., |,v York, N. Y.; Jack Chamdkrs, A1 Johnson Construction Co., Minneapolis. Minn.; Vyne L. Christensen, Insurance Manager & Safety Director. The Rust Engim-eting .. Pittsburgh, Pa.; Jack R. Duncan, Director of Industrial Relations. Tanner Pro;, d&fiebntracting Co., Phoenix, Ariz.; INeii. E. Caiuieu, Consultant, Hinsdale. 111.; v. F. JrwHArcrove, Safety Engr., Engineering Design and Construction, Tennessee Valley A".. ' `Sority, Knoxville, Tenn.; W. M. IIoxle, Chief, Safety Office, U. S. Army Engineer I >iv., |w England, Waltham, Mass.; D. F. Huddleston, Senior Accident Prevention Oflk >. Hydro-Electric Power Commission of Ontario, Toronto, Out., Canada.; 1 eu F. J r.n JJlniman, Construction Specialist, Employer* Mutual* of Wausau, llivcr Forest, III.; (a.AVion C Kii.pai iuck, Safety Engineering Supervisor, Port of New York Authority, \\ oriel J radc Center, New lork, N. Y.; A. It. Klasiiak, Manager of Safety, IlunltinConkey Construction Co., Cleveland Ohio; IIowaiid S. Latiiam, Chief Safely Engineer, Bureau ol Iteclamation, Denver, Colo.; Dale Maiui, Vice Pres., Safety Director, G|)crating I.ngrs., Local Union 3, San Francisco, Calif.; ItomaiT J. Massman, Safety Engineer, Massinan Construction Co., Kansas City, Mo.; C. Hussei.i. Mattson, Manager, Accident Prevention, Dravo Corporation, Pittsburgh, Pa.; William I). Monenv, Chief Safety Office, Chief of Engineers, Department of the Army, Washington, D. C.; Charles R. Nelson, Saletv Supervisor. Stone ft Webster Engineering Corporation, Boston, Mass.; J. 11. 0 Neill, Safely Supvr., The Fluor Coip. Ltd., Los Angeles, Calif.; Elite L. 1'euley, lVdlei-Knowles ft Co.. San Francisco, Calif.; Cluff A. Peterson, Director of Safety, \ innell Corp., Alhambra, Calif.; Frank Hoiierts, Industrial Relations Manager, Dravo imp., Bellevue, Wash.; Annum L. Sciimuiil, Director, Safety and Training Division, 1 lie Associated General Contractors of America Inc., Washington, D. C.; Thomas J. Seymour, Safety Engineer, Tennessee Valley Authority, Knoxville, Tenn.; Lee D. Tiiact, Director, Loss Control, Ingram Corp., New Orleans, La.; Jacod J. Veatcii, Chief, Safety Ollice U. S. Arniv Engineers Division, Missouri River, Omaha, Neb.; O. C. Wakefield, Chief, S./ity Ollice, St. Paul District, Corps of Engineers, U. S. Army, St. Paul, Minn.; I'E.uil W. Wheeler, Safety Engineer, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Navy Department, Washington, D. C.; Kenneth A. White, Chief, Safety Office, Chicago Dis trict Corps of Engineers, Chicago, 111.; Jerome J. Williams, Director of Safety, Morrison-Knudsen Co., Inc., Boise, Idaho; James R. York, Safety Engineer, Carden B. Ilall, Inc., Danville, Calif. // nfmin/--|*Don.\i.i) W. Dodson (Chairman), Manager, Engineering Dept., Aetna Casualty Surety Co., Chicago, III.; Eugene W. Rouiiins (Vice-Chairman), Managing Director, Contractors Division, American Road Builders' Association, Washington, D. C.: Homer F. Clark. Safety Officer, Department of Commerce. Bureau of Public Ronds, Washington, D. C.; Raymond R. Ciiowe. Director of Safety, Western Pennsylvania Ilraw it Highway (.nnslmclinn Industry Advancement Program Fond. Pittsburgh, Pa.; J. Montcomehy I'Ann ul. Director of Education ft Training, Virginia Road Builders Assn., Richmond. Va.; I.'ovuii) Fnn:n, Ohio Contractors Assn., Columbus. Ohio; Dave Gadrif.lson, Safety Director. Johnson Bros. Constructors. Inc.. Litchfield. Minn.; Philip A. IIavey, Slipt., Jlome Office Engineering, The Hartford Insurance Croup. Hartford. Conn.; Dale R. Mf.uskeii. Dale Mcdskcr & Associates, Inc.. Atlanta, Ga.; Warren R. Mendel, Engi neering and Grading Contractors Assn, of California. Los Angelos, Calif.; CllAnLES R. Nelson. Safety Supervisor, Warren Bros. Co., Cambridge. Mass.; Rohert O. Nimmo, lafctv Director, Peter Kiewit Sons', Inc., Omaha, Nebr.: Roy II. Olson, Safety Engi neering Consultant, Michigan Mutual Liability Co.. Lansing. Mich.; James A. Ramsey, In. Safety Director. Western Contracting Corp., Sioux Citv, Iowa; W. B. Salzman, Milhnrn Brotlicrs. Inc.. Mount Prosnect, III.: Roredt E. VF.noie. Asst. Mgr. Pacific Regional Engineering Dept., Fiieinan's Fund American Insurance Companies. San Franeren. Calif. Jlmne Building--I* (Rodent L. Mooiie (Chairman), Assistant Secretary. Lumbermans Mutual Casualty Co.. Chicago, 111.: Nelson B. Nissen (Vice-Chairman), Chief Safely Engineer, Argonaut Insurance, Menlo Park. Calif.; Frank R. Dwyer. Mgr., Engineering Dept.. Reliance Insurance Cos.. San Francisco, Calif.; Clement J. Luepkf.. Consultant, Fast St. Louis, III.; Wsr. P. Youngci.aus, Jr., Managing Director, The National Re modelers Association, New York, N. Y. Sprna1tn-*T. J. Laseosvskc (Chairman). Safety ft Claims Sunorvisor. Transit Insurance Administrators, San Francisco, Calif.: (Martin F. Mui.iiali. (Vice-Chairman), Manager, Safetv Liiciiiccring Dept.. Fred S. James & Co.. Chicago. III.; Vincent D. AuBuciion, Director, Field Safety, Nonter Corp.. St. Louis. Mo.: C. A. Beane. Asst. Sales Manager, Fibre Metal Products Co., Chester, Pa.; Ray L. Beeler. Director of Leglstrative Affairs, The Asst. Mated General Contractors of America, Inc., Salem, Ore.; Raymond W. Brandt, Director Safety' Services, O Rourke ft Company, Inc.. Fort Wayne, Ind.; Archer IV. Brown.-. Chief Lngr., American Hoist & Derrick Co.. St. Paul, Minn.: Alan F. Burch, Solely Director, International Union of Operating Engineers. AFL-CIO, Washington, D C.: Fm:n A. Camciikll, Insurance Manager, J. F. Pritchard & Co., Kansas City, Mo.; R. J. Dougherty, Corporate Director of Safety. Stcams-Rogcr Corp., Denver. Colo.; Ri i-.sof M. F.neiei.p. Safely Training Director, Chicago Bridge ft Iron Co.. Oak Brook, M ; |Gerard O. Crieein, Manager, Hazard Control, Dravo Corp., Pittsburgh, Pa.; Bl) Charles J. IIart, Sccrclaiy, Codes ft Standards Comm., Nation:'! |-.hvlriY:d *! Assn., Inc., Washington, I).' C.; IRom.iir L. Jenkins, Consnllant, Potomac, >;><-; v> W. King, Chief, Safety Office, U. S. Army Engineer Division, Ninth, l'.'cilic. I'mlDm'.. Oregon; John V. O'Huikn, Safety Supv. ft Labor Relations llcpr.. Bechtel Coipur.Mi ' San Francisco, Calif.; Henry T. Pkiii-/, Editor, Conslniction Methods A ' ,!- New York, N. Y.; Alan Rei;o, Manager, Product Kngineeiing, Daniel Won-llv n 1 ', Chicago, III.; Roiieiit C. Rknihoe, Chairman of the Board, J. C. lleulm" Ser. .. Jacksonville, Fla.; C. J. Samson, General Manager, Construction Safety A:s- i iti Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; A. J. Scaiuuno, Safely Director. Jalmeke M ui'--. New Orleans, La.; John G. Sellers, Safely Engineer, (annliuslion I'ligineriiiu'. hu-.. Windsor, Conn.; Hunter P. Wharton, General President, International Union ol t V v ating Engineers, Washington, D. C.; Stephen R. Wiutfii, Regional Sales Mgr., F.. ! >. Bullard Co.. Barrington, III.; Victor E. Whitehorse, Director of Safely, Intf*i Brotherhood of Eleclrieal Workers, Wnshinglon, D. C.; E. L. Wilson. Gcnei:il Supei i of Safely, American Bridge Div., U. S. Steel Corp., Pittsburgh, Pa. STANDING COMMITTEES Program Committee--W. C. IIiiyson, Coordinator; Co-Chairmen: C. F. Sparrfll fltuiM- ing), Lee D. Tracy (Heavy), E. W. HoniuNs-fHighway), M. F. Mpliiall (Sper iilla ). Membership Committee--II. V. CAnviLi (Chairman), B. A. ('.ole. Dan C. Cinnsro-D. W. Dodson, T. J. Laskowski, Robert L. Moore. Newsletter Committee--B. M. Enfield, Editor. _ _. ,,, Health Committee--Ca.m\k B. Schwartz, r.n. (Chairman), Employers Mutuals of River Forest, 111.; Edward L. McCrrcoii, General Sales Manager, Uni/Fb-x Div.. M< di cal Supply Co., Rockford, HI.; Roiiert D. Muliiall, Manager, Western Disliiet. Web!: Manufacturing Co., Saratoga, Calif.; Jane T. Sloane. r.n., Construction Nurse. C. 1. Ncwberg Construction Co., Chicago, III.; Jean II. Welsh, r.n., Constiuetiim ' Hartnctt-Shaw ft Associates, Chicago, 111. Research Committee--P. A. Havey (Chairman). Public Relations Committee--Hunter P. Wharton (Chairman). Training Committee--Aimmn L. Sciimuiil (Chairman). Vltual Aids Committee--U. J. Doucherty (Chairman). Standards Committee--Dan C. Ciuustie (Chairman). Siiecial Pro/ccls Committee--Wm. B. Murphy (Chairman). Off-the-Job Committee--PAm. II. Connelley (Chairman). Nominating Committee--E. W. Wheeler (Chairman), George E. Ai-p. Jiiiii' " Deec, RoREnr L. MoonE, Rouert A. Wendell. Honoranj Life Members--R. J. Beuley, C. M. Cahill. Staff Representative--Ciiahles J. Popke, Jn., National Safely Council, -12:i N. Michigan ' .. Chicago, Illinois 60611. (Past General Chairmen Administrative Committee (Task Force f QFf rF.RS QF THE ELECTRONIC AND ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT SECTION NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1967-68 General Chairman-)). B. Turney, Corp. Safety Dir., Texas Instruments Inc., Dallas, To. Vice Chairman and Secretary--Alan Reed, Manager, Product Engineering, Daniel Wood- head Co., Northbrook, 111. Membership Committee--B. T. Kinc (Chairman), Safety Engineer, Charles Bruning Co, Div. of Addressogr.aph-Multi graph Corp., Mt. Prospect, 111.; William R. Billett (Vic*- Chairman), Safety Dir., Frigidairc Div., General Motors Corp., Dayton, Ohio. ' Program Committee--A. F. Ciciiy (Chairman), Loss Prevention Mgr., Ccneral Telephone4 Electronics Cor))., New York, N. Y.; W. C. Mooiuiead (Vice Chairman), Adm., Saf. 4 Health Dept., AMP, Harrisburg, Pa.; C. Wm. Waltehs, Manager, Loss Prevention, Autoinatic Electric Co., Northlake, III. Ki'wslcttcr Committer--X. Richmond (Chairman), Administrator, Safety & Benefits, RCA Service Co., BMEWS Project, Cinnaminson, N. J.; Georce Hughes (Vice-Chairman), Superc isor of Safety & Acc. Prevention, Wcstinghousc Electric Corp., Budalo, N. Y. Research and Engineering Committee--Thomas McBrien (Chairman), Supervisor, Safety Services, Wcstinghousc Electric Corp., Baltimore, Md.; Icon Limansky (Vice-Chairman), Fellow Engineer, Wcstinghousc Electric Corp., Aero-Space Div., Baltimore, Md.; Jaoc Conway, Safety Director, Sylvania Electric Corp., Electronic Tulws Div., Emporium, Pa.; II.w- v IToi'kins, Safety Director, Rauland Corp., Chicago, 111.; E. S. Kopes, Bell Tele phone Lah., Laurcldalc, Pa.; L. E. Lafeiir, Managing Director, International Assoc, of Electrical Inspectors, Chicago, 111.; Ceorce Mac Donald, Vice-President, Self-Insurers Service, Inc., Chicago, 111.; Charles II. Miller, Safely Engineer, RCA Corp., Lancaster, Pa.; Fiuf.nd Milled, Safety Supervisor, Westinghouse Electric Corp., Electronic Di*, Elmira, N. Y.; J. L. Moimow, Safety Engineer, Collins Radio Co., Newport Beach, Calif.; Roma.r Myles. Safety Director, Color Tube Div., Motorola, Inc., Franklin Park, 111; George II. I'ore, Managing Engineer, Casualty & Chemical Hazards Dept., Under writers' Laboratories, Northbrook, 111.; L. F. (Gus) Swineiieaht, Project Engineer, Daniel Woodhc-ad Co., Northbrook, III.; Ted Woiuiol, Safety Director, National Video ' Corp., Chicago, 111. ' % Education and Training Committee--A. J. Claused (Chairman), Manager, Health and Safety, General Electric Co., Rome, Ga.; J. W. Loorer (Vice-Chairman), Safety Dir., National Cash Register Co., Dayton, Ohio; Russell Johnson, Safety Dir., George D. Roper Corp., Kankakee, 111.; J. A. Edmonds, President, Daniel Woodhead Co., North brook, III.; Roin.nr D. Mahon, Safely Director, Collins Radio Co., Cedar Rapids, Iowa; Howard P. Miciieneii, Manager of the Engineering & Safely Regulations Dept., National Electric Mfgrs. Assn., New York, N. Y.; Leo A. Miller, Chief Safety Engineer, Strom- berg Carlson, Rochester, N. Y.; E. C. Van Cata, Corp. Safety Dir., Skil Corp., Chicago, 111 ; B. L. A' ), Asst, to Insurance Mgr., SCM Corp., New York, N. Y. Ojf-the-Job Committee--Lawrence Zefernick (Chairman), Safety Mgr., Fairchild G> & Instrument Corp., Syosset, L. I., N. Y.; Munnocn G. Pryor (Vice-Chairman), S Mgr., Allen Bradley Co., Milwaukee Wis.; C. E. Hayden, Mgr., Saf. & Security, 1 Corporation, Philadelphia, Pa.; C. Lanc, Supvr. of Saf., Wcstinghousc Elec. Corp., V. Instrument Div., Newark, N. J.; IIerdert J. Peace, Safety Engineer, Ceiv tal D; Electronic Div., Rochester, N. Y. v ,o ;. Long Range Planning Committee--R. E. Whiteside (Chairman), Manager, Safely r. '' Services, Employers Insurance of Wausau, River Forest, 111.; F. C. Feukcoy, Safe neer, Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif.; ; Waldiion, Saf. Supvr., Packard Elec. Div., Ccneral Motor;; Corp., Wairen Old >. ! ! '. Cameran Award Coordinators--George MacDonald, Vice-President, Self-Insurers Inc., Chicago, 111.; R. E. Whiteside, Manager, Safely & Health Service-;, Km.eh -. ; surance of Wausau, River Forest, 111. * . Staff Representative--Joseph H. Vansickle, Industrial Dept., National Safely Covneil. N. Michigan Avc., Chicago, 111. 60611. ' Past General Chairmen--1947-49, E. K. Taylor; *19-19-50, II. B. Dut-i us; 1950-"l, V. !'. Biancardi; 1951-52, C. N. Focc; 1952-53, J. M. Tuansue; 1953-51, M. L. 1 . 1954-55, J. A. Edmonds; 1955-56, J. J. Lawleii; 1950-57, C. F. Sciu.'jinre; " t'! , ' . E. E. Gedhart; 1958-59, G, W. Koch; 1959-60, W. F. McChesney; * lOM-M, E. f. Turton; 1961-62, G. MacDonald; 1962-03, G. R. Smith; 1903-01, F. C. 1 ..... - 1964-65, II. A. Perkins; 1965-66, J. A. Waldron; 1960-67, R. E. Wiiiii mi.i:. Deceased. ,-J 1967 National Safety Congress be brought into the picture here. It looks like the Department Superintendent, or I'roduction Manager, or maybe even the Factory Manager, has not spelled out in clear and concise terms just what the Foreman's safety responsibility really is. You will recall that when John finally de cided to shut the machine down he stated, "I'll probably get fired for tliis." QUESTION: What about Foreman John'i language? Is it just "shop talk?" ANSWER: It may be, but it sure could con vey the wrong impression to anyone work ing for him. I think he would command much more respect as a leader if he talked of and thought of his fellow workers wilk more respect. OFFICERS OF THE GLASS AND CERAMICS SECTION - National Safety Council 1967-68 ' [j General Chairman--John J.Lonc, PPG Industries, Cumberland, Md. , v i First Vice-Chairman--John W. Bloom, Owens-Illinois, Inc., Fairmont, W. Va. ' ' Second Vice-Chairman--Andrew Oresick, fptj Industries, Ford City, Pa. if ' .j $ Secretary--H. Clark Underwood, PPG Industries, Pittsburgh, Pa. ; ,;:'i .................. ' ! . ^Newsletter Editor--Richard Reilly, PPG Industries, Ford City, Pa. if iV 1 > rProgram Committee--E. M- Thompson (Chairman), Ford Motor Co., Nashville Glass Plant. Nashville, Term.; *C. Doan Noce, PPG Industries, Crystal City, Mo.; Andrew J. Pa .X!-., v!A Hunt Foods and Industries, Inc., Perrysburg, Ohio. 11 iHealth Committee--Jorge Hernandez-Osuna (Chairman), Accion Social Regiomontaan, Monterrey, N. L. Mexico; *W. G. Hazard, Owens-Illinois, Inc., Toledo, Ohio; Ralph r1 ' Kinc, Ford Motor Co., Nashville Glass Plant, Nashville, Tcnn.; J. T. Destkkano. PPG i' :}' Industries, Pittsburgh, Pa. [fEngineering Committee--*John V. Skendall (Chairman), Harbison-Walker Refractories *?' Co., Pittsburgh, Pa. 'Frank Mannxnc, Ford Motor Co., Glass Div., Dearborn, Mich.; Alan Borer, .PPG Industries, Clarksburg, W. Va. , ;,i.Membership Committee--Dave Charlesworth (Chairman), Ball Brothers Company Incor- -' .v porated, Mundelein, III.;i'John RnEtNUErMEn, Hunt Foods, Inc., Fullerton, Calif.; ,, . Richard Hucke, Owens-lllinoii, Inc., Vineland, N. J. 1 :-r i ' . \ 1 tf 09-the-}o&> Committee--Charles B. Reagan (Chairman), Ball Brothers Co., Inc., Mniicfe. ^ Ind.; Donald D. Hobbs Anchor Hocking Glass Corp., Lancaster, Ohio ' 0- ' . , ]', ^Training Committee--A. D. Davis (Chairman), PPG Industries, Creighton, Pa.; Charles jV Iji'- R- Haines, PPG Industries, Mt. Vernon, Ohio; R. E. Sourwine, PPG Industries. Pitts- t fc burgh, Pa. I* Safety Promotion Committee--Georce W. Tetherly (Chairman), Foster-Forbes Oh Marion, Ind.; C. S. Kraft, PPG Industries, Henryetta, Okla. "'Vii ^esearc^ Committee--James D. Shannon (Chairman), Ford Motor Co., Class Div., Do: if MldL> Francis E. La Chapelle, Owens-Illinois, Inc., Hapcvillc, Ga. -ms- siodatlons Commfttee--Romut A, Smith (Chairman), Owens-Illinois, Inc., W W pAFrrr TV-1,-,. T.. 1 01un; Nominations Committee-- *Frank Manninc (Chairman), Ford Motor Co., Glass Div, Dearborn, Mich.; John W. Bloom (1st Vice Chairman), Owens-Illinois, Inc., Fairmont, W. ' OFFICERS OF THE ,V-a.; i*--C.i.D. oi an.. Ni ock, PPG Industries, Crystal City, Mo.; John J. Lonc, PPG Industries, RUBBER AND PLASTICS SECTION "Blowers and Buggers" Committee--(Past General Chairmen)--Fred G. Anderson, Corning,^ S' : r : . N. Y.; II. V. Cajidnioi, Owens-Illinois, Inc., Toledo, Ohio; John P. Stephenson, Ball Biw, %Co., Inc., Muncic, Ind.; James L. Morris, The Federal Gloss Co., Columbus, Ohio; J. C. DirTMEn, Cranford, N. J.; T. R. Donochue (deceased), PPG Industries; W. G, National Safety Council '\s?67~r`- Hazard, Owens-Illinois, Inc., Toledo, Ohio; Haiuiy A. Jackson, Frigidaire Division Plant .-.i #3, General Motors Corp., Dayton, Ohio; J. H. Gatrell, American Saint Cobain Goip,\$ j,V General Chairman--L. W. Boulton, Safety and Plant Protection Snpvr., l'u'yi.icr O.-ip. Kingsport, Tcnn.; John B. Fullen, Kopp Glass, Inc., Swissvale, Pa.; Russelx. W. FIbanx; ` | fi . Samia, Ont., Canada. Ferro Corporation, Cleveland, Ohio; Clyde C. Ruddick, Bethel Park, Pa.; John V. Sken-" V o.all, Ilarbison-Walker Refractories Co., Pittsburgh, Pa.; Edwin L. Wray, Ball Bros.J' ,Fir*t Vice Chairman--E. E. CoLDSw(pnpi, Safety Dir., Cates Rubber Co., Dome Colo Co., Inc., Muncie, Ind.; Clinton Ballincer, Owens-Illinois, Inc., Gas City, Ind.; Joseph if; " E. Moan[sox, Houston Chemical Corp., Beaumont, Texas; John Rkeinheimer, Hunt V ?,> Second Vice Chairman--J. R. Wetherholt, Safety & Security Supt., Uniroyal, Inc., Inlvt, II! Foods, Inc., Fullerton, Calif.; Robert W. Moulton, Ball Brothers Co., Inc., Muncie, Ind; ' * C. Doan Noce, PPG Industries, Crystal City, Mo.; Frank Manninc, Ford Motor Co, Class Div., Dearborn, Mich. ' Staff Representative--Grant Shibley, National Safety Council, 425 N. Michigan Avt, Chicago, 111. G0G11 % Secretary--G. W.'Nickel, Mgr. of Safety, Armstrong Cork Co., Lancaster, I'a. !:' " ' r Newsletter Editor--R. G. Fohejt, Mgr., Industrial Relations, General Tiro and RuLI-.t Co. M" Pennsylvania Division, Jeannette, Pa. Past General Chairmen Engineering Committee--T. E. Leah (Chairman), Safety Dir., Uniroyal, Inc., Detroit, Mich. 'R. G. Havener,'Corporate Safety Engr., Uniroyal, Inc., New York, N. Y.; J. II. ! Safety Dir., Ohio Rubber Co., Willoughby, Ohio; J. E. Haiivey, Safety Ee;;r,, Man: field Tire & Rubber Co., Mansfield, Ohio. . -.. Health Committee--W. E. McCormick (Chairman), Mgr., Industrial Hygiene lc To.\ie;!o> ;< The B. F. Goodrich Co., Akron, Ohio; H. M. McInerney, Safety Engr., Goodyear Tie ;i '' and Rubber Co.,I Akron, Ohio; George Wilson, Industrial Hygcnist, Firestone lire an. Rubber Co., Akron, Ohio; *S. A. WRtcirr, General Supvr., Safety Sc Ilooseh: ping D ;i! .(, V Inland Manufacturing Div., General Motors Corp., Dayton, Ohio. , tv: 'Membership Committee--John Glenn, Jr. (Chairman), Production Mgr., Electric Ifo* ' & Rubber Co., Wilmington, Del.; W. V. Kelly, Personnel Mgr., Stokes Molded Product. ' Trenton, N. J.; *N. R. Hunter, Safety Engr., Dunlop Tire & Rubber Corp., Rutlal. Z'N.Y. \ Education and Training Committee--R. N. Johnson (Chairman), Mgr., Safety & Sennit The Armstrong Rubber Co., West Haven, Conn.; L. Hartman, Dir., Trainin'! and i aftt. Firestone Tire and Rubber Co., Pottstown, Pa.; K. W. Getty, Asst. Personnel Mg; Carlisle Tire and Rubber Div., Carlisle Coip., Carlisle, Pa.; J. E. Ecnkr, J'.;.. I'-rsonr: Dir., Goodall Rubber Co.,JJj>ston, Mass. Publicity, Trade Association, and Liaison Committee--David J. Mariani (Cbainn-n), Saf Engr., The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co., Plant 5, Akron, Ohio. Code and Standards Committee--*M. R. Batche (Chairman), Mgr., Safety, and Rubber Co., Akron, Ohio. Statistics Committee--V. G. Cork (Chairman), Mgr., Safety, Uniroyal, V ?,*: -}iri' nr Reclaim Manufacturing Committee--*R. M. Boyx.es (Chairman), Dir., Industrial Midwest Rubber Reclaiming Co., East St. Louis, III. Rubber Laboratories. Committee--M. V, Barda (Chairman), Fire & Safety Engr., B. F.iis' Goodrich Footwear Co., Div. of The B. F. Goodrich Co., Watertown, . Mass.; G. Wain* i-. Bonsell, Supvr., Safety & Security, Lancaster Floor Plant, Armstrong Cork Co., Lan- yi caster, Pa. . ' . : ' - Fire Safety Committee--W. L. Cato (Chairman), Mgr., Safety, B. F. Goodrich Co., Akron, I Ohio; O. W. White, Personnel Mgr., Corduroy Rubber Co., Grand Rapids, Mich.; D. K. . Dankesreiteh, .Personnel Asst. & Dir., Safety, Hewitt Rubber Division, Hewitt-Robbim,jjj,': Inc., Buffalo, N. Y. Off-the-Job Safety Committee--D. E. Dtrnnow (Chairman), Corporate Mgr., Health;and;f Loss Prevention Section, Uniroyal, Inc., New York, N. Y.; Cooke O'Neax, Seo'y,! . Accident Prevention Committee, The Society of The Plastics'Industry< InC.,- NrwYorl(`'jl N-Y' . , . . ,, ... - Synthetic Manufacturing Committee--J. B. Chenowetk (Chairman), Safety Engr., Good-:y rich-Gulf Chemicals, Inc., Institute, W. Ya. Long Range Planning Committee--*R. W. Fickes (Chairman), Safety Engr., Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co.; Akron, Ohio; *C. E. Beck, Safety Dir., St.'Clair-Rubber Co.,.Maiys;^: . ville, Mich.; *G. H. BinutiiAnoT, Dir., Safety, General Tire and Rubber Co., Akron,)Olio;^ *S. T. Bunnows, Safety Dir., Mansfield Tiro and Rubber Co., Mahsfield, Ohio; Fbank.C.w Stabbuid, Safety Dir., Firestone Tire and Rubber, Co., Decatur, -HI.. r Past General Chairman.. I S4tI Si II 1007 National Soldi/ Congress Electric we find the following three steps particularly fruitful: 1. Acquaint private physicians with nature of work, requirements of Benefit Plan, and function of company medical staff. This has heeu accomplished by various means, rang ing from simple phone calls to plant visits to open houses for community doctors. We find a direct correlation between the amount of familiarity a patient's doctor has with the company and the length of illness absences. 2. Visitation of sick employees to discuss convalescent progress. This visitation may be done by supervision or nurses. In the past we have utilized visiting nurses, but we are basing our nurses primarily visit by tele phone now. It is still company policy to have supervision visit the employee to show con tinued interest in the employee while he is disabled. 3. Once a patient is ambulatory, he is asked to visit the company dispensary. The ability of the employee to return to his regu lar job or to "light duty" can then be dis cussed between company and private physi cians. Obviously, this kind of close attention to employee's health, and to the work and home environments that contribute to it, can best be accomplished by an on-premise med ical force. A company as large as Western Electric finds the effort not only a humani tarian necessity, but one which pays off in on-the-job performance. The scale of Western's commitment to employee health can he seen in these figures -37 full-time and 99 part-time physicians; health and safety programs at 57 company locations; programs ranging from biome chanics to computerized epidemiological studies, and fundamental research in such varied fields as heart disease and laser haz ards. 1 appreciate that smaller companies can not spread these costs across a large em ployee body. Many companies have found that private clinics can take on this vital medical-management partnership. Others de pend on insurance benefit plans--a sure way to prolong absences. Many reports have indi cated there is a tendency for length of ab sences to increase as benefits increase. Sound management plan is essential to control absenteeism. It creates the psycho logical and physical environment conducive to good attendance. The cooperation of fam ily and occupational physicians can do much to improve this attendance. This cooperation can restore the ill and injured to work as soon as possible and practice on a broad scale all that we mean by "preventive medi cine." Management and medicino can make a contribution to the operating efficiency of the organization. But most important of all, a vigorous medical-management plan is a foundation upon which to build a healthy society on and off the job. As the pressures of our technological age increase, as our urban environment becomes more complex, it is imperative that we bring business and medicine together to seek mutual solutions to health and safety hazards. OFFICERS OF THE INDUSTRIAL CONFERENCE NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1967 63 Vice President for Industry-U. S. McFahlanu, Director, Personnel Services, ......... I Motors Corporation, Detroit, Mich. Chairman of the Industrial Conference-C. A. Allen, Vice President-Engineering, \c, ri Mutual Liability Insurance Co., Wakefield, Mass. I, - <* Chairman of Sections--H. M. Hartman, Assistant Manager, Compensation aud N.ii Bethlehem Steel Corporation, Bethlehem, Pa. ,. Vice Chairmen of Sections-J. C. Radcuffe, Supervisor, Industrial Safety, Ford Motor Co., Dearborn, Mich,; K. S. Hedces, Safety Director, General Motors Corporation, LY'rnit. Mich.; H. M. Huntincton, Ceneral Supervisor of Safety, International Harvester Co. Chicago, 111.; II. C. Daulton, Director of Safety, Louisville A Nashville Hymned Louisville, Ky. ' Chairman of Committees-M. F. Biancaiidi, Manager of Safety & Workmen's Como Services, Allis-Chahncrs, Milwaukee, Wis. Vice Chairmen of Committees-F. J. Dodson, Assistant Vice President, Liberty Mutual Insurance Co., Boston, Mass.--J. VanNamee, Administrator of Accident Pievcnli'm, Wcstinghouse Electric Corporation, Pittsburgh, l'a.; Paul Windsou, SYcict.uy. Pm ;r. of Safety, Chicago, HU i Secretary--Roy G. Benson, Chicago, III. i Manager, Industrial Department, National Safety Come-:!, Committee Chairmen-- Associatjfins Committee--Dan Adaiii, Safety Coordinator, Pacific Coast Association ol !v:p & Paper Manufacturers, Portland, Ore. Audio-Visual Aids Committee-T. H. Wilkinson, Director of Safety, Department , f >i;. Army, Washington, D. C. Contest one/ Awards Committee-J. II. Snydeii, Manager, Safety & Plant Protcclv i , !i;- , , Walker & Sons, Peoria, 111. Executive Committee--C. A. Allen Nominating Committec-S. F. Spence, Director of Safety & Loss Prevention, Au-.-ri-,.: Cyanamid Co., Wayne, New Jersey Occupational Health Hazards Committee-!'. E. Bauiieii, M. D.. Medical Dive' Ilormcl & Co., Austin, Minn. ,. Oraiiwliomil Health Nnriiiig-Muiui-x Stewart, R. N., Illinois Boll Telephone Co., Chicago, 111. Ojl-thc-Job Safely Committcc-R. Beeson, Safety Coordinator, Dana Corporation, Hagers town. 1ml. Physical Hazards Committee--D. D. Mateeii, Safety Coordinator, Jones & Lnughlin Steel Corp., Pittsburgh, Pa. 15230 /(, ''Catch I'ru, els Committce-D. F. Haves, Assistant Director of Safety, Industrial and l'ubliealions, NASA, Washington, D. C. "ttaadards Committee--N. A. Tromiu.ey, Manager of Industrial Health Services, Chrysler Corporation, Detroit, Mich. icclmicul Publications Committcc-XV. L. Chiton, Director of Accident Prevention, Ontario Hydro Electric Commission, Toronto, Ontario, Can. t raining Committee-- H. Redholz, Safety Director, The Rath Packing Company, Waterloo, Iowa MEMBERS OF THE ASSOCIATIONS COMMITTEE NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1967-68 Chairman--Dan Adaiii, Coord, of Saf. Activities, Pacific Coast Assn, of Pulp & Paper Mir.;.. , Portland, Oregon W. M. Allison, Manager, Accident Control Division, Council of Forest Industries, Vancouver, B.C.; J. Andreae, Cencral Manager, Murine Div., Humble Oil &- Refinim; Co., Houston, Tex.; W. G. BnvsoN, Safety Director, Tidewater Construction Cerp , . Norfolk, Va.; Capt. C. H. E. Buxton, Director, Safety Bureau, New York Shipping Assn., New York, N. Y.; V. Cordell, Director, Public Health & Safety, National Restaurant Assn., Chicago, 111.; J. R. Grady, Manager Safety, Western Wood Products Association, Portland, Ore.; Ivan F. LeGore, Safety Director, Portland Cement Assn., Chicago, III.; R. E. Scott, Manager, The Ontario Pulp & Paper Maker's Safely Assn., Toronto, Ontario, Can. ' ASSOCIATIOr N CONSULTANTS- WASHINGTON AREA--Santo J. Barca, Stall Asst, to the Pres., Can Mfgrs. Institute. Washington, D. C.; Edward W. Baumann, Consulting Director, National Slag Assn., Washington, D. C.; George Burke, Manager, Tech. Services, Water Pollution Control Fed., Washington, D. C.; Joseph II. Colquitt, Secretary, National Assn, of Refrigerated Warehouses, Washington, p. C.; H. Louis Custeii, Dir. Retirement, Saf. & Ins., Natl. Rural Elec. Cooperative Assn., Washington, D. C.; Kenneth A. Gutsciiick, Mana ger, Technical Service, National Lime Assn., Washington, D. C.; Paul llr.n i-in. Asst. Dir. of Engineering, ^American Concrete Pipe Assn., Arlington, Va.; Wm. E. Hucijes, Managing Director; National Fibre Can and Tube Assn., Washington, D. C.; Hariiy^ . Koiiao, Technical Director, Natl. Soft Drink Assn., Washington, D. C.; E. J. Kosciiella, Dir. of Technical Services, Natl. Machine Tool Builders Assn., Wash ington, D. C.; Huch McCahey, Manager Association Dept., Chamber of Commerce of the U.S., Washington, D. C.; John Moiiay, Assistant Executive Secretary, Nation;-! Independent Meat Packers Assn., Washington, D. C.; Eugene L. Newman, Chief Con tracts, Saf/Division, Bureau of Labor Standards, U. S. Dept, of Labor, Washington, D.C.; William S. Ritnour, Secretary-Treasurer, National Plant Food Institute, Washington, D. C.; John Spancler, Asst. Executive Director, Natl. Asphalt Pavement Assn., Riverdale, Maryland NEW YORK AHEA-Harry Becker, Safety Manager, American Cns Assn., New York, N. Y.; Ray C. Ellis, Jr., Secretary, Hotel Safety Trade Croup, New York, N. V.; L. H. Gillette, Assistant Executive Vice-President, American Institute of Steel Con struction, New York, N. Y.; J. C. McChee, Labor'& Saf. Specialist, Copper Development Assn., New York, N. Y.; David B. Preston, Asst. Exec. Secretary, American Water Works Assn., New York, N. Y.; W. W. Pritsky, Code Eng., Bldg. Products, The Alu minum Assn., New York, N. Y.; Kenneth S. Rolston, Administrative Asst., Am-rican Pulpwood Assn., New York, N. Y.; William J. Stevens, Executive Vicc-p. Men!, onal Assn, of Photo-Lithographers, New York, N. Y. WCERS OF THE LABOR CONFERENCE NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1967-68 President for Labor--Arthur P. Gildea, Secretary-Treasurer, United Brewery Workers, 'Incinnntl, Ohio irman--Paul H. Connelley, Ceneral Office Staff, United Brotherhood of Carpenters, Vasliinglon, D.C. Chairman--l\v.x Lyuck, Assistant Editor, United Mine Workers Journal, Washington, i. C. i .'1/11/-H011111T M. Wilkins, Manager, Labor Department, National Safety Council, 425 .. Mulligan Ave., Chicago, 111. resenting Labor Conference on NSC Board of Directors--Paul H. Connelley (see liairman above); Dn. John D. Connors, Safety Director, AFL-CIO, Washington D. C.; iu aiiij B. Haggerty, Safety llcpr.. Inti. Assn, of Fire Fighters, Cincinnati, Ohio; Jack cLaugiilln, United Steelworkers Local No. 1014, Cary, Ind.j Peter Spiller, Safety ir.. United Auto Workers Local No. 588, South Holland, 111.; Victor E. Whftehouse, ifety Dir., Inti. Bro. of Electrical Workers, Washington, D. C. : : Nominating--IIunteii P. Wharton (see Board of Directors); Occupational Health an,I Research--David A. Padden, Industrial Hygienist, United Auto Workers, Detroit, Midi.; Off-thc-Job Safely and Driver Improvement, Co-Chairmen--Jack W. Move, SUB Repre sentative, United Rubber Workers, Akron, Ohio; Larry Sheffe, Inti. Repr., United Auto , Workers, Ottawa, Out., Canada; Planning--Paul II. Connelley (see Labor Ciinfi ii-maChairman); Promotion of Safety Training and Education--Melvin P. Mitchell, Execu tive Board, Inti. Bro. of Electrical Workers Local No. 17, Northvillc, Mich.; Publications and Publicity--John M. Baiuiy, Asst. Editor, AFL-CIO News, Washington, D. C.; Public Relations--Victor E. Whitehouse, Safety Dir., Inti. Bro. of Electrical Workers, Wash ington, D.C.; Radiation Safety, Co-Chairmen--Alan F. Buncii, Safety Dir., Operating Engineers, Washington, D.C.; Edward J. Lecan, Inti. Repr., Inti. Bro. of Electrical Workers, Washington, D.C. Past Vice Presidents for Labor--*Harry Read, Asst, to Secretary-Treasurer, AFL-CIO, ; Washington, D.C. (Oct. 1955-Oct. 1950); P. . Siemiller (Oct. 1950-Oct. I960) (see Board of Directors above); Lloyd D. Utter, Safety Dir., United Auto Workers, Detroit, Mich. (Oct. 1960-Oct. 1903); Hunter P. Wiiarton (Oct. 1903-Oct. 1907) (see Board of Directors above) ; Deceased 1 -3 ibers-at-Large--P. L. Siemiller, President, Inti. Assn, of Machinists, Washington, D.C.; > Iunter P. Wharton, President, Int'l. Union of Operating Engineers, Washington, D.C. ; Ires--Walter J. Burke, Secretary-Treasurer, United Steelworkers of America, Pittsnrgh, Pa.; Hunter P. Wharton (see Board of Directors above) esenting State Labor Departments--Rocco Alberto, Commissioner, State Dept, of La ir and Indu tries, Boston, Mass. ) mittee Chairmen: Awards--Thomas A. Dillon, Business Repr., Machinists District 55, diet. 111.; Congress Program--Jacob Gold, Safety Engineer, Bureau of Labor Stand- rds, U.S. Dept, of Labor, Washington, D.C.; Executive--Paul II. Connelley (Labor onfercnce Chairman); Fire Protection and Public Safety--Edward B. IIaccerty (see oard of Directors above); Government, Labor Agencies and Standards--Rocco Alberto see Representing State Labor Departments above); International Labor Safety--Jerry r >' . V unk, Public Relations Dir., Inti. Federation of Petroleum and Chemical Workers, Den- r, Colo.; Labor Day Campaign--Robert Faiuiell, Safety Dir., Operating Engineers A oc.il No. 150, Cliicago, 111.; Membership, Co-Chairmen--John L. Dowling, Director, : i ifety and Health (Canada), United Steelworkers, Toronto, Ont. Canada; M. W. Hamp- rK 1 i-in, Asst. President, Bro. of Locomotive Firemen and Engineinen, Cleveland, Ohio; a OFFICERS OF THE MARINE SECTION National Safety CounciM 967-68 ' ; TANKSHIP DIVISION Division Chairman--C. L. Boyle, Vice President, Transportation, Sim Oil Co., Philadylpl:;. Pa.' Vice Chairman--Caw. Philip Neal, Marine Dept., Mobil Oil Corp., New York, N. Y. Membership--Caw. R. P. Walker, Mgr., U. S. Fleet, Marine Dept., Texaco, Inc., l'o; Arthur, Texas. ` Program--Robert E. McCloskey, Marine Safety Director, Sun Oil Co., Inc., Marcus I loo! J . Pa. o . General Chairman-- J. Andreae, General Manager, Marine Dept Humble Oil & Refining ' Co,, Houston, Texas. ..... it? Vj Vice Chairman--CAn. Annum M. Knicht, Vice President, Mystic Steamship Corp., Bostom Mass. 'K Secretary--C. Bradford Mitchell, Consultant, American Merchant Marine Institute, Inc., f New York, N. Y. j Assistant Secretary-Hudeut F. Carr, Secretary, Moore-McConnack Lines, Inc., New York, N. Y. Editor, Marine Newsletter-0apt. Georce D. Barlow, Asst. Dir. Safety Bureau, New York Shipping Assn. Inc., New York, N. Y. .i * 1 l Assistant Editor-Joiitt R. Blackeby, Asst. Secretary, American Bureau of Shipping, New ? York, N. Y. :? ADVISORY COMMITTEE (PAST GENERAL CHAIRMEN) F. C. GnANT, Vice President, United States Lines, Inc., New York, N. Y.; Caft. Georce H. E. Buxton, Director, Safety Bureau, New York Shipping Assn., Inc., New York, N. Y.; D. L. Buchanan, Asst. Manager, Operations, Great Lakes Fleet, U. S. Steel Corp., Cleveland, Ohio; R. W. Berry, Vice President, United Fruit Co., Boston, Mass.; Wainwhicht Dawson, Safety Engr., Bethlehem Steel Corp., Bethlehem, Pa. i! ' : NOMINATING COMMITTEE ' Clwimion-F. C. Grant, Vice President, United States Lines Co., New York, N. Y. Vice Chairmen--Wainwiucht Dawson, Caw, G. H. E. Buxton, D. L. Buchanan. Secretary--BnuNO J. Aucenti, President, Marine Index Bureau, New York, N. Y. j \ j SAFETY OF LIFE AT SEA Chairman--Adm. Willard J. Smith, Commandant, USCC, Washington, D. C. Vice Chairmen--Reap Adm. C. P. Murphy, USCG Chief, Office of Merchant Marine Safety, Washington, D. C.; Reah Adm. Halert C. Shepheard, USCG (Ret.), Westmoreland Hill, Washington, D. C.; Rear Adm. R. Y. Edwards, Chief, Office of Public & Intematio; al Affairs, USCG, Washington, D. C.; Caw. William F. Rea, hi. Deputy Chief. Office of Merchant Marine Safety, USCG, Washington, D. C. ; Special Representatives--Hettmt A. Moran, Safety Director, Military Sea Transportation Service, Department of the Navy, Washington, D. C. 20390; Caw. M. I. Goodman, Chief, Office of Ship Operation, Maritime Administration, 441-G Street, N.W. Washington. D. C. 20235. PASSENCER & DRY CARCO DIVISION Division Chairman-Capt. R. N. LePace, Manager, Insurance Claims & Claims Prevention. Farrell Lines, New York, N. Y. Vice Chairman--Capt. R. J. Anderson, Asst, to Vice President, Operations, Prudential TJn Inc., New York, N. Y. Membership--Capt. C. H. Warinc, Malinger, Accident Prevention Div., Lykes Bros. SS Co- New Orleans, La. Program-CAPT. H. R. Rosencren, Safety Director, Moore-McCormack Lines, Inc. Brook lyn, N. Y. IS $ GREAT LAKES DIVISION Division Chairman--]oun L. IIoiiton, Asst. Manager, Marine Dept., Cleveland Cliffs Ito. Co., Cleveland, Ohio. Vice Chairman--John W. Manninc, Supt. of Operations, Steamship Div., The IT.im.u Min ing Co., Cleveland, Ohio. Membership--Riley O'Brien, Fleet Manager, Inland Steel Co., Chicago, 111. Program-^William H. Crippen, Industrial Relations & Personnel Director, American S3 Co .. (Boland & Cornelius), Buffalo, N. Y. ! . . STEVEDORING DIVISION Division' Chairman--Theodore R. Alff, Safety Director, Nacircma Operating Co., Niv. ' York, N. Y. Vice Chairman--Robert P. Alden, Safety & Wage Adm., Castle & Cook, Inc., Honolulu, : Hawaii. i Membership--Capt. John W. Cain, Manager, Galveston Operation, Altantic tc Cull Stevc: dores, Inc., Galveston, Texas. Program--William L. Rich, Jr., Asst. Manager, Industrial Relations, Crace Linos, New York, N. Y. SHIPBUILDING & REPAIR DIVISION Dioijfon Chairman--I. C. Yates, Safety Director, Alabama D.D. & S.B. Co., Mobile, Ala. Vice Chairman--J. R. O'Donnell, Safety Director, Avondale Shipyards, Inc., New Orleans, La. ! Membership--LloydJ. Pecoin, Safety Director, Sun Shipbuilding & Drydock Co., Chester, Pa. , Program--John S. Smith, Jr., Asst, to the President, Todd Ship Yard Corp., Houston, Texas. BARGE & TOWING VESSEL DIVISION Division Chairman--Ralph A. Guffey, Safety Director, A. L. Mechling Barge Line, Ir.c., Joliet; 111. Vfc# Chairman--Lee D. Tracy, Director of Loss Control, Ingram Corporation, Mew Or leans, La. Membership--Robert L. Gray, Manager, Marine Operations, Ashland Oil & RcGning Co., Ashland, Ky. 1 Program--F. McVet Ward, Southern Regional Representative, American Waterways Op erators, Inc., New Orleans, La. > Atlantic Area Chairman--A. W. Cash, Safe York. N. Y. Vice Chairman--Robert E. Hook, Pa. Pacific Area Chairman--Lawrence C. Fori Vice Chairman--Capt. Joseph cussion Croups m .., International TenninaT-Oj fon Co., Inc., New , Marine Safety D1 irector, Sun Oil Co., 00064? m t^.Qhievran Shipping Cp.|"jjjjftj-Hr ;o'e. President, Portland SteveddJfnS ?co, Calif. Portland, Or'\ i.. 4 Gulf Area Chairman--Capt. Ollie Davis, Operations Manager, Gull & South America Steamship Co., Inc., New Orleans, La. Vice Ch.'irman--CAtt. Chaju.es P. McFaull, Safety Director, Delta Steamship Lines, New Orleans, La. Crcat Lakes Area Chairman--F. Warren Seebald, Safety Director, Great Lakes Fleet, U. S. Steel Corp., Cleveland, Ohio. Vice Chairman--Cunton E. Baiwy, Secretary, Buckeye Steamship Co., Cleveland, Ohio. PLAN NOW TO Inland Waterways Area Chairman--Lee D. Tracy, Director of Loss Control, IngTam Corp., New Orleans, La. Vice Chairman--Vince Gallaciieb, Safety Director, Material Sendee Div., General Dy namics Corp., Lyons, 111. ATTEND THE Slantline Committees 1`rouram Committee--Capt. M. J. Sullivan (Chairman), Asst. Vice President, Marsh & McLennan, Inc., New York, N. Y.; Robert E. Kratzert (Vice Chairman), Mgr. Vessel Personnel & Services, Columbia Transportation Div., Oglebay Norton Co., Cleveland, Ohio. Statistics 6- Contests Committee-CAPT. J. F, White (Chairman), Dir. of Safety & Twin ing, States Marine Lines, New York, N. Y.; A. H. Moore (Vice Chairman), Safety Director, Farrell Lines, New York, N. Y. . Membership Committee--A. B. Randall (Chairman), Safety Officer, Marine Dept., Humble Oil & Refining Co., Houston, Texas. . Engineering Committee--Capt. R. H. Smith (Chairman), Manager, Safety Dept., United States P & I Agency, New York, N. Y.; Capt. Cordon Beal (Vice Chairman), Marine Supt., United Fruit Co., New York, N. Y. Visual Aids ir Poster Committee--Robert M. Snow (Chairman), Consultant Safety Engi neer. Staten Island, N. Y.; Ralph Guffey (Vice Chairman), Safety Director, A. L. Mecnling Barge Line, Inc., Joliet, 111. , Ofl-the-Job Safety Committee--Cerald Johnson (Chairman), Safety Director, Ashland Oft & Refining Co., Ashland, Ky.; Karl F. Eismeier (Vice Chairman), Vice President, Loss Control Division, Johnson & Higgins, New York, N. Y. Maritime Associations Committee--Carl E. McDowell (Chairman), Executive Vice Presi dent, American Institute of Marine Underwriters, New York, N. Y.; Ralph E. Casey, President, American Merchant Marino Institute, Inc., Washington, D. C.; Braxton B. Cajui, President, American Waterways Operators, Inc., Washington, D. C.; Vice Adm. James A. Hibsiifield, USCC (Ret.), President, Lake Carriers Assn., Cleveland, Ohio; Ralph B. Dewey, President, Pacific American Steamship Assn., San Francisco, Calif; Jack Jones, Director, Accident Prevention Bureau, Pacific Maritime Assn., San Fran cisco, Calif.; E. M. Hood, President, Shipbuilders Council of America, Washington, D. C. Awards Committee (Best Papers)--Bruno J. Augenti (Chairman), President, Marine Index Bureau, Inc., New York, N. Y.; Capt. Hewlett R. Bishop (Vice Chairman), Executive Vice President & Chief Surveyor, National Cargo Bureau, New York, N. Y. Ship Safety Achievement Awards Committee--Capt. Jones F. Devlin (Chairman), Maritime Consultant, New York, N. Y. . ... Public Relations Committee--Robert Younc, Jr. (Chairman), Associate Editor, The Weekly Underwriter, New York, N. Y.; Robert Ware, Editor, Marine Engineering/Log, New York, N. Y. ' s Staff Representative--Ralph M. Coe, Industrial Dept., National Safety Council, 425 N. Michigan Avenue, Chicago, 111. 60611 ' NATIONAL SAFETY CONGRESS' OCTOBER 28-31, 1968 / CONRAD HILTON HOTEL, CHICAGO The Congress is always a big week, a worthwhile week for the 13,000 safety people who attend. At the '68 Congress you can meet other safety people, with the same problems and responsibilities as yourself. You can exchange views and ideas on accident preven 1 tion, health, hygiene, and fire prevention ... on safety In industry, traffic, school, at home and on the faun. 1 You can see the largest of all safety equipment exhibits 1 at the Congress ... an opportunity for you to make v.a!>- r informed buying decisions for your company. 1 This four-day educational program, planned and pre sented by the National Safety Council, can be your i 'most thought-provoking, most worthwhile safety expe rience in 1968. \ ,i / Make plans early to attend the 1968 Congress and bring `.7 .,*/ the other people in your organization who have safety l responsibilities. *&< FUTURE CONGRESS OATES ;} 1 1.968 October 28-31 ' 1969 October 27-30 1970 October 26-29 1971 October 25-28 1972 October 23-26 NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 50 OFFICERS OF THE METALS SECTION NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1967-68 ('..mud Chairman--Yi. D. Kent, Safely & Security Super, Aliimimim Company of America, Davenport, Iowa. lust Vice Chairman--C. I'. Vomits, Mgr. of Safety, Jones & Laughliu Steel Corp., Pitts burgh, Pa. Second Vice Chairman--]. Pa'ilvi:k, Mgr., Industrial Hcl., East Chicago Works, Ulaw-Knox Co, East Chicago, Ind. 7 hiit! Vice Chairman--S. Collins, Ccncral Supvr. Safety, Midwest Steel Div., National Steel Corp., Portage, lnd. SicA.(an/--1. C. Dakls, Management Representative, Bethlehem Steel Corp., Chicago, 111. .Yenslcttcr Editor--F. II. Illic, Manager of Safety and Security, Aluminum Co. of America, Pittsburgh, Pa. i r-Editor and Speakers Bunau-U. L. Slimetz, Senior Safety Supvr., Republic Steel Corp, Central Alloy District, Canton, Ohio. C ingress Program Committee--J. E. Si-bowls (Chairman), Safety Mgr., Caterpillar Tractor Co, Peoria, 111.; Alex Cuzowsky, Safety Eng, Colorado Fuel & Iron Steel Corp, Pueblo, Colo.; J. S. Ciui'MAN, Mgr. of Safely, Arnico Steel Corp, Middletown, Ohio; G. F. Or.sce, Sales Mgr, Columbus McKinnon Chain Corporation, Tonnawanda, N. Y.j R. M. Cou oiuck, Supvr. of Safely, Bethlehem Steel Corp, Bethlehem, Pa. Vnblxihj Committee--Edwmid Mandrv (Chairman), Supt, Industrial Rel, Republic Steel Corp, Cleveland District, Cleveland, Ohio. E,clinical Publicationf Committee--J. B. Anderson (Chairman), Safety Eng, Republic Steel Corp, Cleveland, Ohio; J. E. Niciiols, Dir. of Safety, Reynolds Metals Co, Reyn olds Metals Bldg, Richmond, Va.; E. N. O'Gkady, Safety Dir, New Departure Hyatt Gearings, General Motors Corp, Harrison, N. J.; W. R. Rodlin, Manager of Safety, Alleglu n Ludlmn Steel Corp, Oliver Bldg, Pittsburgh, Pa.; R. D. Tranter, Coporate Safely Eng, Arnico Steel Corp, Middletown, Ohio; W. J. Schwacer, Supervisor of Suicty, The Youngstown Sheet & Tube Company, Youngstown, Ohio; Frank E. Bird, Jn, Corporate Safety Director, Lultens Steel Company, Coatesville, Pa.' ',V,r.lwrship Committee--D. L. Johnson (Chairman), Manager, Pennsylvania Manufacturen Assn. Insurance Co, Philadelphia, Pa.; E. E. McWiiuirron, Supvr.; Per. Serv. & Safety, Sharou Steel Corporation, Farrell, Pa. O[t-the-Job Committee--II. W. Gelberg (Chairman), Works Safety Administrator, Jones & I.aughlin Steel Corporation, Aliquippa Works, Aliquippa, Pa.; J. D. Holtzapple (Past Ccn. Chr.); D. D. Mather (Past Gen. Chr.); J. C. Cullen (Past Gen. Chr.); J. W. Tvsse (Past Cen. Chr.). Turning and Education Committee--G. II. Reilly (Chairman), Safety Eng, Admin, United States Steel Corp, Pittsburgh, Pa.; B. Biiown, Supvr. of Safety, Youngstown Sheet Tube Co, East Chicago, Ind.; A. T. Pociuber, Safely Dir, Allegheny Ludlum Steel Corp, Lcechburg, Pa.; L. C. Parker, Safety Dir, Granite City Steel Co, Granite City, 111.; II. L. Seimetz, Senior Safety Supvr, Republic Steel Corporation, Central Alloy Dis trict, Canton, 01nv Contest and Awards Committee--]. F. Dwyer (Chairman). S.ifi lx Supr r . Iti-pul ll Corp, Chicago District, Chicago, 111.; B. Biiown, Supvr. of Safi ty, Y.......... ' Tube Co, East Chicago, lnd. ' Foundry Industry Committee-W. II. Decker (Chairman), Safety Dii, Cmti.,! 1 . !i Division, Danville Pit, General Motors Corp, Danville, III.; Richard C. Kellogg, ' |, |. Dir, Cooper Bessmer Company, Mount Vernon, Ohio; G. W. Davis. Asst. ...............I My,.. National Castings Div, Midlaml-Ross Corp, Slianni Works, Sliarou, l'a.; T. L. 1Ii.ru i. Dir. of Industrial Rel, Vulcan Mold & Iron Co, Latrobo, l'a.; J. E. Toole, Sr, Mgr. o! Industrial Rel, Union Steel Works, Foundry & Mill Mach. Div, Rlaw-Kuox Co, l'i;uburgli, Pa.; R. L. Duncan, Personnel Supvr, American Steel Fonndiies, Indiana II ;1 - Works, East.Chicago, Ind. Steel Service Center Committee--P. Walter (Chairman), Asst, to the Pros, Korhiuml Steel and Aluminum, Evanston, 111.; R. Underwood, Mgr. of Labor Rel, United .Slat- s Supply Div, Chicago, III. Industrial Hygiene Committee--W. E. Seuesta''('Chairman), Chief Industrial Hygicni.l. Republic Steel Corp, Research Center, Independence, Ohio; J. A. Janous, Sen. Indus!rial Hygiene Eng, Jones & Laughliu Steel Corp, Pittsburgh, l'a.; W. M. Smith, Mgr, In dustrial Hygiene, Weirton Steel Co, Weirton, W. Va.; D. L. Wehster, Industrial fir alll Eng, Bethlehem Steel Corp, Bethlehem, Pa. Steel Industry Committee--M. E. Ruby (Chairman), Mgr. Safety, Laclede Ste-1 Co.. A! 111.; A. R. Sauer, Corporate Safety Dir, Phoenix Steel Corp, Claymonl, Del.; L. Wo..:.v. Jn., Pit. Safety Engr, Bethlehem Steel Corp, Sparrows Point, Mil.; R. C. Di: ci .1, Corporate Safely Mgr, Interlnke Steel Corp, Chicago, 111.; It. D. Minnick, Ann rii an Magancsc Steel Div, American Brake Shoe Co, Chicago, Heights, III.; 1-'. T. ........ a a. Supvr., Industrial Safely Section, Steel Div, Ford Motor Co, Dearborn, Midi.; W. K Nichols, Asst, to Vice I'res.. Industrial Rel, Northwestern Steel and Wire Co, Sterling, 111.; W. P. Saunders, Safety;Dir., Universal Cyclops Steel Corp, Bridgeville, Pa.; I!. .'!. Cowdiuck, Supvr, Safety, Bkhlchem Steel Corp, Bethlehem, Pa. Non-Ferrous Industry Committee-T. T. Finder (Chairman), Safety Dir, Kennccott Copper Corp., Utah Copper Div, Salt Lake City, Utah; J. A. Turk, Dir. of Safely & Industrial Health, U. S. Metal Refining Co, Carteret, N. J.; Gary P. Fisher, DivisioR Mgr, Kaiser Aluminum & Chemical Corp.) Oakland, Calif.; J. E. Nichols, Dir. of Safety, Reynold; Metals Co, Richmond, Va.; J.iMailana, Loss Prevention Supvr, Ornict Corp, Hainiib.i!. Ohio; R. R. Aker, Safety Supvr, Phelps Dodge Corp, Morenci, Ariz.; F. If. ln.10, Man. ager of Safety & Security, Aluminum Co. of America, Pittsburgh, Pa. raoncatmg Industry Commiltee-E. J. Collins (Chairman), Safety .Super., nium-nem .10 Corp, Lcetsclale, Pa.; R. Cuzort, Frontier Steel, Muskogee, Okia.; F. P. Cava, Person Dir, Pittsburgh Bridge & Iron Works, Rochester. Pa.: E. A. Bratton, *Ti i i YteifrlM I Fabricators Assn, Chicago, 111.; M. H. Zi ivr. S5!S^^5?cr.', Am^SfejjMiidii' Div, Gary, Ind.; G. F. Jonas, Mgr, Industr Co, Elwood City, Pa.; J. deFokest, Indu! >ns, Aein^ptttu.dnrd Div.u%1.f^Kun\ llatiorfs Dir,`"International 'Ssj^l' Evansville, Ind.; Dean A. Dexter, Safet Brook, 111. :, Chicago Bridge & Iron Cu, f a'; I 000(1-IT if Wert Coast Committee--R. C. Beckstead ( American Smelting & Refining Co, Salt Lake Members at Large-Homed K. Lamuie (Chai^i1 inlor), Dir, Safety & Tech,. ,Utah. , . lift*! Oakland, Calif.; Harry Schwartz, l'res, ~ ' mmmsm wSr,vYf.'it N.h Francisco Aren--Roy E. Mattjson (Chairman), Federated Metals Div., American Smolt ir.. - \ Re-fining Co., San Francisco, Calif.; 1'. 1'. Pei.to.n, Jn., Safety Eng., Bethlehem N;i el Coip., I'inolo l'oinl Woiks. Ilielunnnd, Calil. Smlhtcest Area-James Ammstuonc. (Chairman), Safety & Prot. Super., Hydro-Aluminum & Chemical Corp., Trcnlwood Works, Spokane, Wash.; It, S. Jamah, Safety Engr., Betb- h hem Steel Corp., Pacific ('oast Div., Seattle, Wash. Lnv Angeles Area--Edwin S. Wynkoof (Chairman), Bethlehem Steel Corp., Pacific Coast Div., Terminal Annex, Los Angeles, Calif.; R. K. Cukason, Safety Engineer, Harvey Aluminum Co., Western Ave., Torrence, Calif. Salt Luke City Aiea--Tmito.v T. Pinukii (Chairman), Safely Dir., Kennecott Copper Corp., Utah Copper Div., Salt Lake City, Utah. Research and Advisory Committee--*W. T. McLean (Chairman), Gen Supvr., Safety and Sanitation, United Slates Steel Corp., Gary, Ind.; *G. Lundie, Asst. Dir., Safety & Plant Protection Dept., Inland Steel Co., East Chicago, Ind.; `Charles E. Wilson, Safety Eng., Bethlehem Steel Corp., Bethlehem, Pa.; J. W. Tysse, Mgr. of Safety, Republic Steel Corp., Republic Building, Cleveland, Ohio; `James G. Cullen, Div. Safety Eng., Engine & Foundry Div., Ford Motor Co., Dearborn, Mich.; *D. D. Mateeb, Safety Coordinator, Safety Div., Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp., Pittsburgh, Pa.; *R. I. Pisle, Supt. of Indus trial Rol., Republic Steel Corp., Chicago, 111.; *J. D. Holtzapple, Mgr. of Safety, BlowKnox Co., Pittsburgh, Pa.; *G. E, Eicekdiiod, Safety Dir., McLouth Steel Corp., Trenton, ! Mich.; *G. O. CniFFiN, Mgr., Hazard Control, Dravo Corp., Neville Island, Pittsburgh, 1 I'a.; II. S. Simpson, Mgr. Safety, Caterpillar Tractor Co., Peoria, III.; *J. L. Ridince*, Dir., Safety and Plant Protection, Inland Steel Co., East Chicago, Ind.; *P. E. Ghundman, Safety Eng., Armco Steel Corp., Rustless Div., Baltimore, Md. S/-//J Ilcprrstmlalive--K. E. Kor:u, National Safety Council, 425 N. Michigan Ave., Chicage, Illinois 00611. `Past General Chairman. ' PLAN NOW TO ATTEND THE NATIONAL"SAFETY CONGNE-T OCTOBER 28-31, 1968 / C0NRA0 HILTON HOTEL, CIIICW' The Congress is always a big week, a worthwhile w , for the 13,000 safely people who attend. ' At the '68 Congress you can meet other safety people, .with the same problems and responsibilities as yourself. You can exchange views and ideas on accident preven tion, health, hygiene, and fire prevention ... on safely in industry, traffic, school, at homo and on the lain;. You can see the largest of all safety equipment exhibits at the Congress ... an opportunity for you to matte wellinformed buying decisions for your company. This four-day educational program, planned and pre sented by the National Safety Council, can be veur most thought-provoking, most worthwhile safety expe rience in 1968. Make plans early to attend the 1968 Congress and bring the other people in your organization who have safely responsibilities. FUTURE CONGRESS DATES 1968 October 28-31 1969 October 27-30 1970 October 26-29 1971 October 25-28 1972 October 23-26 NATIONAL SAFETY COUN 3 I L r.O',11 THE MINER AND HIS ENVIRONMENT By I', T. M. WHITE .MacDonald Professor of Minin? Engineering and Chairman, Department of Minin? Enginccrin? & Applied Geophysics, McGill University, Montreal "Environment" lias been defined as "the aggregate of physical, regional and circum stantial conditions that surround and influ ence the life or development of an individual or a community". When this definition is ap plied to the mining industry, the term de notes something much wider than ground control, mine ventilation, and dust abate ment, the aspects of the working environ ment that have so far received most atten tion. The object of this paper is to review, somewhat critically, the total environment of onr industry insofar as it concerns those who constitute the productive work-force. It is for this reason that the topic "The Miner and llis Environment" has been selected. The paper will, therefore, he in the nature of an analysis of factors ami principles relevant to the creation and maintenance of a proper total mining environment, certain aspects of which are seldom examined but which are, in fact, highly relevant. Mining by surface methods has given rise to little anxiety concerning the physical envi ronment but, as operations have proceeded in dept.., more attention to the working en vironment lias become necessary. Most thought has been given to particular func tional aspects of the physical mining envi ronment, namely, ventilation and airborne mineralized suspensions. The industry's in terest in these aspects of the underground environment is almost as old as underground mining itself. Even in the paleo-metallurgic era of the ancient world, the importance of natural ventilation was acknowledged, and we know from the records of Agricola of the new approaches to induced ventilation (by fire, bellows, and the like) in his day. With our more modern methods, undoubted prog ress has been made in the physical environ ment. In the composite costs of mining, the cost of labor is usually the largest single item and it is through an increase in the efficiency of labor--the output per man shift--that the greatest improvements in this item can be achieved. The 'at approach to achieve greater efficiency was to make the working place safer (from the obvious structural viewpoint). From these beginnings, it is now widely accepted that working places should also he more healthful and comfortable and that our mining activities should be designed in such a way that a reasonable performance of labor can be achieved without discomfort. Much by way of increased productivity has keen achieved by increased mechanisation, which is reflected by improvement in the man hours per ton of ore mined: in metal mining, from 1.89 man hours per ton in 1952 to 1.09 man hours per ton in 1902 and, in uon-inctallic mining, from 0.50 man hours per ton in 1952 to 0.27 man hours per ton in 1902. These are significant improvements in productivity. But, mechanisation has intro duced additional, as well as its own special, problems. In more recent years, it has be come evident that the physical aspects of out industrial environment must be correlated with psychological, as well as sociological, aspects in the establishment of a comprehen sively attractive working environment. The total environment of mining is there fore, I suggest, a composite one of physical, chemical, biological, psychological and socio logical elements: together, they constitute the working conditions within the industryeach giving rise to problems of control. In turning to these environmental components, there are some upon which I shall touch only briefly. Rock Stability/Instability. ``Falls of ground" are a feature of the physical environment that constitute the highest cause of mine fatalities. These derive generally from inadequate safeguards of loose material on the one hand and/or igno rance of the relative stability of the rock structure on masse on the other. Usually, the first of these relates directly to inadequate inspection of the "back" of a freshly-broken excavation and to inadequate remedial ac tion; die second is part of the established practice of ground control and Is often the problem of inadequate support at a localized 0006.1!) .................... -...-.M. ill i part of the workings or o jjUfJiSvcSkfei jbink of air con-litio-;;r; ings in relation to kno- "' "'cte^ . Ss being concerned principally with - stresses within die rock mi -i" ature-humidttWJllflyconcern should be the In die past, the approa' the theor.y simultaneous" ctinthu of purity, motion and and practice of rock mechanics has been heat content of the air. In the pas! and of' largely dirough the experimental investiga today, too little attention has h-.--u, or r, tion of die physical properties of rocks, the paid to this essential simultaneous contiol. application of stress-strain measuring tech Thermal exchange between the b-rna.i niques, photoclasticity, and die like. These body and the environment depend: inn--: have reflected largely a somewhat static ap four external physical factors: air tni-i-t.- proach to the structural problem of rock fail turc, radiant temperature, air velwity, and ure. It might well be that a more dynamic moisture content of the air; but thermal ex approach can be envisaged (through "geo change is also subject to delicate phvaeb-ei. dynamics"), involving a change in emphasis cal controls through variations in the m- ia- through concepts of inherent instability bolic rate, the rate of chemical and rather than of apparent stability of excavated processes within the human body. 'Ji n fen structures. In any case, much more still 're-"* physical environmental factors are ind y : l mains to be done in correlating the influence cntly variable nnd may be combined in dif of design and layout of workings with the ferent ways to produce tlio same tlie:m.".l ef stability and instability of the rock structure. fects upon man: an increase in air velocity This is largely a matter of mining engineer will offset a rise in air temperature; : ni- ing control involving a knowledge of the sidcrablc elevation of air temperature -: u I -- structure and the principles of ground sup tolerated if the relative humidity is lev.. am! port by the judicious design of pillars or use so on. Such combinations of thermal ee--li- of support materials (such as timber, con tions that induce the same tlicimal m .ra crete, "fill", etc.). The aim is towards com tions arc called thenno-uquivnh-u! c-idi- plete extraction of tho economically mineral tions. The normal and basic Effective V- m- ized material. We have yet to leam much perature Scales give the combination: of more concerning die mechanisms of "fiU" equivalent conditions as determined by dry consolidation (either by normal compaction bulb temperature, wet bull) temperature, or the use of cements and other chemical and air velocity. Thermal comfort in the on. mixtures), die method 'of attaining unifor vironment is the primary purpose of air con mity in properties, and the subsequent rock ditioning. Inasmuch as man generates beat mechanics of the consolidated material. and is comfortable at cnvironmen!al temp'r- The non-enginccring interest is a statisti aturcs below body temperatures, the prob cal one--statistics nnd classification of acci lem generally is one of controlling the heat- dents caused by "falls of ground". "Fill", in lost from the body, not tile problem of h: the form of the coarse fraction of commi ing the man. Nevertheless, in order to mam- nuted material, is now a common form of tain an environment that will regulate die ground support and, apart from certain loss of heat from tile body, it may I-.- m e minor aspects (such as chemical reactions sary to supply heat or humidity, to coed c-r producing carbon dioxide,' sulphur dioxide, to dehumidify, or to vary the velocity the and other gaseous contaminants in small air movement in the area. Most appiii a'.i -us amounts, and/or die presence of residual underground will require the consuli-ci! inn polluted water), presents relatively minor of more than one of these to arrive at a. non-engineering problems. satisfactory environmental condition. Mine Air Conditioning. Ill North America in winter, the e-MiTon of heat to a ventilating system is oft- n - arn- Tbe term "mine air conditioning" has tial. Briefly, the addition of heal is m :i dly been deliberately used, since, in the matter attained either by radiation, the liauunis ; >:i of atmospheric environmental control, wo of energy by means of el- elu-ma e-!, should be concerned with the simultaneous waves of very long wnvelengili; oi, !! control, within prescribed limits, of the qual commonly, by convective heat tran-lr. iiity, quantity and temperature-humidity of thcr natural or forced circulation of l!i.: air the air within a designated space or in a des around a heat source. The possibilities of ignated circuit. Fundamentally, ventilation is heat exchange liy other less obvious m-au: concerned with air quantity or air move- than direct beat utilization si he I'lCT 'vii.'/ijuul Safety Congress iiucl: wasp heat from nearby installations, mi in return air from oilier underground workings, geothermal heat from rock at depth, or tlm heat contained in largo bodies of water in lakes and rivers (even beneath ic.'-cappings in winter). In dorp minim:, as at Kol.ir (in India), or on the Wilwatcisi ..nd, or in Northern Australia, heat removal from the air-stream is necessary. For this evaporative cooling is used or, alternatively, the air is passed over chilled coil systems. Although we lead of the rare case in mining th it calls for humidification of an air stream, de-humidification is frequently more desira ble. 1 he ultimate and eventual limitation in modern mining is depth, in which the prob lems of heat, largely through geothermal gradients, can be very serious. Combined cooling and dc-humidification processes have become necessary to provide desirable envi ronmental conditions in some mines. Avoid ance of humidification is attempted by re sorting to dry drilling and a reduction in the nw of water wherever possible, but sucli i lactic.; in turn gives rise to oilier problems. Quality control of the environmental at mosphere has not received as much attention in metal-mining as it has in collieries, but a :e..;>i' awareness is evident nowadays aiiiimg t metalliferous mining engineers re- inible for mine air-conditioning. The use of electrical analogue computers offers a rapid means of simultaneous control of a number oi !actors. Much remains to be done in the study of turbulent resistance to flow in mine air streams and in the development of methods of ventilation network analysis. Acclimatisation is a factor in environments which claims our attention in the industry under certain conditions. The extreme heat at extreme depths of mining give rise to problems of beat tolerance of the individual and, with them, those of acclimatisation. 1 lie adjustment of miners to extremes of cn\ iiomnental beat may be prolonged and, sen when acclimatized, gradual lowering of Ilia cn cihealed body to normal temperatures i- import.ml. Acclimatisation is also neces sary in the case of high altitude locations; for example, in the Andes at elevations of 14,000-16,000 feet, where it lakes the form of adjustment to oxygen deficiency and I'oidance of oxer-exertion. Acclimatisation is a personal adjustment in the approach to, and withdrawal from, these unusual environ mental conditions. Dtisl<: and Hatlitiliom. The hazards associated with dusts and ra diations are amongst the most serious of all those with which the mining engineer must contend hut, like ventilation, have been re ceiving increased attention in recent years, pailietiknly since the insidious effects of ra diations bax'c been dramatically demon strated in the uranium mines of this conti nent and elsewhere. Although much work has been dune on ibis important subject, much still remains to be learned concerning dusts and radiations. The dust hazards dcrixe from combina tions of particle size range, freshness (or sur face reactivity), composition, and the sus ceptibility of the individual exposed thereto. Dust particles of pathological (or combusti ble) consequences are predominantly below 10 microns in size; that is, less than .0004 inch. Particles larger than 10 microns are un likely to remain in airborne suspension in air streams of even moderate velocity. The haz ardous dusts characteristically have a mean particle size in the range of 0.5 to 3 microns, ! and generally the chemical reactivity of the mincrallic material increases with decreasing ; particle size. Dusts below 10 microns, having ; no significant weight or inertia, tend to re main suspended somewhat indefinitely in an atmospheric environment. On the other hand, we know so little about actual dust particle behavior, particularly of the fibrous types such as asbestos--fine tube-like struc tures of uhnost constant diameter (0.5 micron) but of varying lengths. Do they tend towards ; preferential concentration, wafting about in : the atmosphere and settling under "bindcrcd" conditions? IIow do wc assess ntnios- ; plieric concentrations of sucli dusts with ac- , curacy? Since dust particles may be clectri- : cally charged, can they, or do they, attract , to their surfaces coatings of even finer, more fissile dusts in parasitic fashion? Is tills the reason for the intense activity of some essen- i lially silicious dusts (as on the Hand and elsewhere) xvhere pncumoconiolic symptoms ' appear to have been accelerated by some agency, perhaps extremely fine radio-active j coatings? These are questions that still re main to be settled. ; There are a number of categories into which dusts can be classified: (a) pulmonary dusts, which are harmful to the respiratory system (such as silica, silicates, berylliuni ores, iron ores, and cnssitcritic ores); ^ i : I ! n UOOGi'l (b) toxic dusts, which are to body underground 'limit; a- ' . ' . organs and body tissues ( ^J^fc^:''jj.-ri5r.x;e(^, silicosis i to app-ai i!t' : 1 lead, mercury, radon, thori |lli6j:i5!i '',):%e^rx:!tnd `irdvtfi- depths of 111 ou! (c) radio-active dusts, wl j; report, d to be a because of their radiations uranium, ous `hazard a*fter less than live years ' thorium, etc.); (d) explosive dusts, which dergroimd winking exposure, lb" la fi are combustible in airborne suspension (coal of particles, whore sorlaer; ha., dusts, sulphide dusts, and the like); and (e) coaled with highly active films of po; inert dusts, which allegedly have no harmful dusts, has yet fo lie fully iiivosligM!"'!. effects. Some dusts have multiple ratings In any case, the mcie presence nr and, as our experience grows, more and and/or radiations has an advcis" ; . :y k more dusts arc being added to tho harm fill cal died upon mini>::. .From tin. i. . i lists; there is, in fact, increasing reason to alone, their abatement is iinporla il. All doubt whether any dust is really inert or have nuisance value, in that they d v. pathologically harmless. visibility, create uncomfortable cr"':e i Dusts can vary in their injuriousness when tal conditions, and result in labor i' : associated with gaseous contaminants which, and dissatisfaction. in their own field can have adverse physio The subject of abatement still reman, logical effects through asphyxiation, toxicity, adequately studied. Water has been th': or radio-activity. As with oxygen depletion, versally applied medium, but its cllidcm the physiological effect of a gas varies with open to question and it lias limitation.' the exposure time and the individual. Radon, example, in certain winter-time up.-n c.: because of its decay products, gives rise to tivilics, xvet drilling is virtually 'nine. particular problems of surveying and assess Newer methods of abatement must k i ment. A vast amount of work has yet to be tigated. Efforts have been m.e'e t" done on the sources of radon, its migration electrostatic concentration to c.id n in mino. waters, and the mechanisms of its but with only partial success. release into the working atmosphere. Can its Some arc of the opinion that ollr> a solubility differential in water and oily liq oils should ho investigated. ShouM ' uids be put (o beneficial control use? Its dis applying to airhor.no uiineralh'c-jia i'1 I astrous assimilation in the blood stream is pensions the same sort of principle:, tbit based upon this marked isolubility differen apply to water-borne suspensions in tial. i dressing processes? Is it possible to int Generally, in our assessment of the harm dust surface activatms which xx ot l I n fulness of industrial dusts, several factors the dust particles more ami'na'dc to i emerge as important. Mineral composition is tion and, therefore, abatement, bv ti e probably more important than chemical froths and foams? This is one field id nd composition, and the physio-chemical prop allic surface chemistry that could !' T erties arc probably more important than the hint. It might oiler ne.v a.ilutiei' physical properties. The surface activity of age-old problem. particles is impoitant. Permissible concentra tions vary from dust to dust. Radio-active and other toxic dusts can he harmful at con centrations less than one-Bfth that of a tradi Aline lUuniuuition. Inadequate alteiitioii h; been "IX i mine lighting. Although spotis ids, tionally accepted harmful dust, such as sil vances have been made in ilh ieiii 'ine' ica. Exposure times are found to vary enor necring, our industry has been slu e > t mously. In sonic cases, silicosis has been advantage of the new developmri.i :. diagnosed after less than one year of expo most any handbook on illuminatiim r i , sure; in other cases, only after 15 or 20 years sible to find tables which list oniiimma : or even longer. Radiation damage generally minating cimililions lor every fis'n e1 ' docs not make itself obvious until after sev trial aelixily, with the siiigl" i . eral years. Even in a single mine, arc there mining. variations in the silicosis-producing proper To say that lighting has a! ! ties of quartz at various depths? This would problem underground, where ilium"''' appear to bo so. For example, at Kolar in leaves much to be desired, is :: im India, with shallow depths, classical silicosis dcrstalcmcnt. A new appro'..It i n vas rare even in miners xvith a lifetime of Any new application mu.I la! 1967 National Sajety Congress the ability of the eye to adapt itself to ade quate visibility at relatively low illumination and brightness levels. Generally, wo are con fronted with poor natural reflectivity from the rock surfaces of our mine environment, and this means low eye adaptation. Paucity of data from mining operations makes it dilTicult to prove conclusively the beneficial effects of improved illumination. The direct effect of lighting on underground efficiency as reflected by "cost per ton of oro" or by "output per man shift" has not generally been studied and the indirect ef fects (for example, the raising of personnel morale by improving the brightness of the working environment) are still considered largely speculative. Improved lighting un doubtedly improves worker psychology and morale in surface activities and there is no reason to suppose that similar results cannot bo achieved underground. Totnl injuries in surface mining operations arc a fraction of the total accidents in underground mines. There is therefore some satisfactory conclu sion to be drawn concerning tire merits of good natural lighting in the surface working environment when compared w'ith poor illu mination conditions underground. Belter underground visibility should re duce the total mining accidents, of which a huge proportion arc concerned with dexter ity end mobility, both of which call for co ordination of the visual process with bodily movement. Visual performance deteriorates with advancing age, and such deterioration can best be countered by improved environ mental lighting. Totalities generally are higher in the older age-groups of under ground miners, despite the fact that com pany policy may ensure younger men being employed where greater alertness and dex terity are called for. On the surface, where visibility' is better, fatality rates decrease w hen the older men are given less arduous and less dangerous tasks progressively with tb.cir age. Even where accidents to older men may be due to a combination of attentuated reaction tune, reduced dexterity, and slower movement, data show that better visi bility counteracts this. Adequate risibility undoubtedly assists in the avoidance of acci dents associated with increased mechaniza tion and contact with moving equipment. In considering illumination, we should take as our criteria the combined effects of illumination and all of those factors which control and ' 'nnine visibility. This will call for n new approach to "mining visibility", but it should achieve more worthwhile results, with minimum expenditure, titan continuing to apply popular ideas based solely upon illumination levels and the nuntber and intensity of lamps installed. The term "visibility" is used to denote the ability of the eye to receive a visual impression; "visual performance" involves interpre tation by the brain of the visibility stimulus that it receives and the outward muscular reaction which results therefrom; in other words, reaction time is a factor. There are four important factors that effect visibility; (1.) the size of detail to be seen, (2.) the time available for seeing, (3.) tire lighting and color contrast between tiro observed ob ject and its background, and (4.) the brightness level of the visual field. To some extent, theso four factors are interdependent. The adequacy of underground lighting calls for an appraisal of the task characteris tics involved in terms of visibility. The "vis ual task" not only involves the nature of the job itself but the lighting environment pro vided; that is, details of the size and shape of objects to be seen, tlicir relationship to background and surroundings, and so on. These must be assessed, along with the general aspects of the lighting environment, at the time of observation in order to define the visual task. Visual tasks arc placed into three categor ies: (1.) teloramic, in which the important objects are at a viewing distance greater than six feet; (2.) mesoramic, in which the principal objects are less than six feet, but not less than 12 inches, from the eyes; and (3.) ancoramic, in which the tasks concerncd require close viewing distances. In mining operations, the ancoramic tasks are few but nevertheless important (inspection of a working face for structural features, underground surveying, and so on) but the majority of tasks are teloramic or mesoramic. However, seldom in mining can we consider the problem solely on the basis of one visual task. The viewer performs a number of dif ferent tasks, and, even when his principal job involves work at close range, there will be the need also for long range vision. The analysis of underground visual tasks is therefore not an easy one. Fortunately, the procedure is simplified in that many of the tasks underground do not call for concen trated detail (such as would be necessary in, say, precision machining in a workshop). 000651 Mir I- ` ; and there is little diffic itcrmiuing When these do not coincide uiT ll critical detail in order ! satisfactorily. the task work uiiderti.tijnravation, oppoan;; mu;. \ _ must pvorcornp'dd(e eye's lon.li in; t.i m Nevertheless, because^We'^usc point awayTr6inT'he-*wiik toward the Ii;rLL ourc j sources of portable light, much of the visual This is a frequent cause of drownfnit in field in mining is not illuminated at all and fatigue. It is something that vvr have all i: . we find ourselves asking not "How well can pcrienccd underground when tulsmg ! 1 see?" but "What can I see?". There is ob someone wearing a cap-lamr. Jv. ' l;:!i w viously a need for more general illumination. was once thought to bo caused prim.-roh ! ; Expanded use of flood lighting in the gen excessive use of the eye nuiscl"s ' eral underground environment helps tremen vision, but a more common c;uie of f ili;;n ; dously. is the tension that arises when oppiv in-; ' Many attempts have been made to meas muscular movements am stimul i!' I, if:- c : ure the ease and ability of seeing and to pro creating a conflict. : duce an "index of visibility". One promising Indirect lighting is tho host m-thod <. instrument is the Luckiesh-Moss visibility producing uniform illumination. I'm, meter, used to determine the relative visibil vantage is its cost, since considciaU light i ity of various objects and evaluate the visual lost through absorption and poor n el; icfce tusk. The instrument observes a portion of tivily. Lighting is n fertile field f-u ntim'oj the visual field against its background and research. Good lighting is cheerful and slim compares it with the brightness of a thresh ulating and, in many cases, improved prac old value when the field is only just discerni ticc can be attributed to improved fightm;;. ' ble. A great deal of work remains to be done in applying the principle to mining. Noise and Vibration. One approach would be to divide the vis Airborne sound is due to vnrWnir. i,, ual task into its essential components; con mosphcric pressure and, fur ;i simple t trast, size, time, brightness and "emphasis", that is, a sound characterized by a sit;-<l- u :r j the latter being a factor that takes into nc- of pitch--the number of times per secern ' . count the degree .of mental concentration that the pressure changes through a rv.-n necessary to perform the task. Certainly, re plcle cycle is the frequency of t'i - 1. t search should be ^directed at establishing The assessment of sound is cm du >f-fro' some basis for visual performance of under scale. ; ground tasks in a properly illumined envi Most people feel annoyance when v.oirin: ronment. with a noisy device or in a turny environ [ Travelling ways have probably received ment; in mining, wo have both noi d< viu . closest attention but much depends upon tho and noisy environments. Subjective discom service being performed. Although lighting fort often diminishes as the worker conlmii'-s ; may be adequate to observe the approach to to work and comes to accept the noise as a ' an ore train, the illumination is often so ir natural background to his task, especially regular and inefficient that men are unable when he himself contributes to noi?.' through ' to discern die uneven' nature of the floor or his job. This is particularly applicallc lo the , tli(f presence of loose equipment lying about. operator of a rock drill. The continual change from dark to light Nevertheless, we are reliably informed conditions, particularly in passing from trav that part of the adaptation of the worker to elling ways to work places, creates not only the disturbing noise involves the c-sp. nditure psychological but physiological problems for of extra energy in his responses and -. a arc some individuals. It takes some time for the advised to pay more attention to tin; rela ' eyes to become adjusted to transitional light tionship between personality traits and sus ing conditions. When an individual moves ceptibility to distraction from noise. vi .' ' ; -3 quickly from a lighted environment to one who are bored or maladjusted m who (' id which is less bright, there is an adverse ef their work uninteresting or diilicnl: ! ; fect upon visibility before die eyes become qncnlly complain about tho cli. trnr:lin-; ef completely adapted to their new environ fects of noise in their environment; in many ment. instances, their complaints are sirogfi- m'i Lack of uniformity in the visual field cre nlizations lo excuse their lac!; of rue. In ates other problems due to the fact that the themselves and to others. eyes tend to fixate points of intense light. ( Nevertheless, wc cam r; r ' 1007 National Safety Congress inactions to noise, because it is known that the accumulative effects of prolonged expo sure are physiologically dangerous, through loss of sensitivity to tones, through deteriora tion of the hearing function of the inner ear, anti eventually through permanent audioniet- ric damage. Psychological factors arc also involved. Certainly, noise serves to distract and re duce the effectiveness of a worker and de crease his output. Intermittent noise is the most obnoxious, particularly during any pe riod of adjustment to a new task or in new surroundings. Evidence indicates that, if a worker remains in a noisy situation which distracts him initially, he may eventually adapt to it, and regain his original loss of output. While this may be so, the fact is often wrongly interpreted to mean that, in the long run, continued exposure to noise docs not have any adverse effects. Such a generalization is definitely unjustified. Some investigators have found that the ef fect of noise on work output depends upon the nature of the work; a long term job re quiring constant vigilance is especially sus ceptible. The effect of noise is more likely to be a higher rate of errors and accidents rather than an actual reduction in total out put. The attention of the worker wanders from tile icb in hand more often as tire noise level increases. Further, noise is more likely to lead to increased errors and accidents if its value exceeds 90 db., and high frequency audible noise is more harmful in this respect than low frequency noise. Noise and its effects have given rise to much controversy in industry. How danger ous can it be? Has it a deleterious effect upon worker performance? Docs it effect certain types of work more than others? Has it a detrimental effect upon worker adjust ment? The intensity noise level is probably the most important single factor in determining the severity of exposure, but the duration of exposure is also important. The threshold level of noise that the car can withstand for some tinre without audiometric damage is of the order of 90 db. Since the average pneu matic percussive rock drill produces some 120-130 db., the problem is not one to be brushed aside lightly. The underground mining environment has become progressively so noisy that speech communication in a confined area is difficult if not impo'.'ihh for this reason, speech interference levels arc evaluations of impor tance. The consonants contain most of the informative values in speech but unfortu nately they are more readily masked than vowels because the consonant sounds are weaker. Noise may therefore mask certain speech sounds and not others. The energy of the various speech sounds is distributed over the frequency range of below 100 to above 10,000 c.p.s. The "s" in speech has an en ergy range of from 4,000-8,000 c.p.s.; in contrast, most of the "ec" in speech is dis tributed below 4000 c.p.s. Such variations in sound frequencies account for failure of speech communication in noisy environ ments. Insofar as industrial noise is generally un pleasant, it may be assumed that its correc tion will lead to better worker morale for the same reason that any consideration for the welfare of employees tends to produce a fa vorable reaction. Intermittent, high pitch, and high intensity noises are the most dis turbing so far as emotional reactions are con cerned. Some individuals are hypersensitive to noise and cannot make effective adjust ment. Ear defenders will invariably serve a use ful purpose, but it is difficult always to "sell" the principle. Personalized car plugs, cast for individual ears, are probably more readily acceptable. The use of mufflers and machine enclosures have proved partially effective in reducing noise levels in practice, but the noise surrounding even the muffled rock drill is still dangerously high. The greatest advan tage in relation to rock drill noise abatement will probably be made through improved de sign of the equipment and the application of human factors engineering. In every mine, some staff member should be responsible for the noise hazard. He should be equipped with noise and peak level meters, an octave band analyzer, and other standard equipment and he should be trained in their use and in interpreting their data. Periodical noise surveys should be car ried out and steps taken to mitigate this nui sance to personnel, impediment to produc tion and menace to health. In many cases, simple remedial steps are effective: others present topics for research. Of particular in terest, and something we know little about, is the influence of reverberation upon noise levels from machines and at the operator's ear: this is of importance in development ends, rises and other headings. 00065:-> aTM*'"" 7' Closely allied to noise is tli vibration and its effect upon Hons (ortf \*oinotuiiiV 4-lc- iily 1 various parts. The human bodyjj with the capacities of the cqv i t*>-i ical system of considerable con slow speeds, the wftrhm may Inain. . a very limited passive range am tient, and fast speeds may di-ti ut ' n '> encc of vibration, its role is usually passive. cause of his inability to keep up 'vi'h ' : . The physical effects of vibration on man are In either case, accidents can happen. o! primarily mechanical, effects that produce the most important concepts in human fac notion and relative displacement and which tors engineering is the design of equip-a-nt nay result in injury. in terms of human capabilities ami linn '- Biologically, the body responds to stimuli tions. presented to its receptor organs and, of Difficulties arise when the continl of these, the nerve endings are adversely af mechanisms becomes too complicated for fected by vibration. Piston-operated pneu- normal human actions. With rn ineron-ing made tools produce significant problems, due to their vibrations which vary, ns the strokes, from 250 to 8,000 per minute. Tlio headier'* the tools usually the slower the vibration rate. The "throw" of the machine also comes into question. Mechanical tool vibrations can work-productivity tempo, it follows that ev erything must be done to design the equip ment and to set up the operating pirn < -Im- ; so ns to facilitate the greatest rov-ii-l-efficiency and safely. These are tin; aim: nt human factors engineering, the application produce occupational disorders by injury to the soft tissues of the hand (particularly the palms), impairing the function of joints in the arms (the elbows more than the wrists and the wrists more than the shoulders), and creating vascular disturbances (evidenced by intermittent pallor or cyanosis of the extrem ities, the fingers in particular). The latter is known ns the Itaynard phenomenon, which of which can have a big influence upon ll:.future working environment. There are s: vcral points that can be more precisely staled: first, the designing engineer must have an understanding of the sense organs and Mv characteristics of human perception and iesponse if a satisfactory operator reaction is to be obtained from sounds, lights, meters, and other media in the operation of equipment is liable to be present in miners, riveters and the operators of vibrational tools gener ally. Vibration rates of 2,000-3,000 per min ute appear to be the worst offenders, but --man himself is a poor monitor of equip ment; second, the designer must not pineunreasonable demands upon the op.-ialor (in, say, reaching and operating a cou-o! or much still has to be learned about the sever a lever, or in clearly differentiating beiwvn ity influence of the "throw" of the machine. two or more controls); third, the designer Human Factors Engineering and the Envi ronment. i In recent years, attention has been turned to the co-ordination of machine design and human adaptation to the machine itself. While he ultimate, though unattainable, goal would be for equipment and methods to be developed for each individual operator, the more practical view obviously is that op timum conditions should be discovered and incorporated in the design of equipment for groups of workers. As work becomes more physically demanding, accidents may be ex pected to increase. The importance of work speed as a factor in safety is frequently un der-estimated. Ordinarily, with more stren uous operations, the speed of work falls off considerably towards the end of a working day and, as a result, accidents may not be as high from this cause as they otherwise would be, unless physical fatigue intervenes. IIow- must bear in mind that the operator may not always be at his peak but may suffer bom temporary impairment of faui linns (through, say, fatigue) thereby causing inef ficiency, and that there may lie chan-, s in functional activities as a result of aging; ;md finally, the environmental conditions in which the equipment and operators a;: !> operate must be studied and thoroughly sidered. Attributing accidents to human far V- alone has sometimes been over-emphasiz- d. Often, the underlying cause of the aicid-mi can be traced to poor or inadequate cV-rei of equipment, particularly in relation n> de controls. (It might be pointed out greater consideration could be given to to-- design of controls in certain types of r- k drills from the viewpoint of audiom- '.< -e damage to the operator at various open: mg positions. Experiments have shown ihal, i-. some machines, there arc otlu -n .. ! 1007 Xatior.cl Safely Congress fI i 000053 :ii 1" positions that would Ik' less hazardous in ugaid lo noise reception). I lie woiking place is only one aspect of tin mining environment. Too machine is an other ami often an equally important one. It follows that special consideration should he ;:i\en to range, strength, speed and accuracy of hodily movements in relation to the de sign of machines, including their shape, size, direction of mmemeut. speed, and the loca tion of their controls. The Voichological Mining Environment. At one time, work was regarded its a physical phenomenon and productivity was the outcome of the application of physical (uergy; hut men arc no longer considered to he mere machines. We expect and receive productivity through a combination of men tal and physical work. Mental work refers to that hum of achievement in which remem bering, thinking, reasoning and judging are contributing elements, and physical work embraces those activities where speed, coor dination, and intensity of muscular response are the main concern of the individual. Min ing is one of those occupations where a com bination of both physical and mental coordi nation is called for and, in many cases, it is impossi <lc to separate the distinctive contri butions made by the respective factors. The most readily observable clfects of physical activity oh the individual arc in creased breathing rate, pulse rate, tempera ture, blood pressure, ami oxygen consump tion, and it is towards these physiological changes that mine air conditioning and other physical environmental controls are directed. Productive efficiency is bound up with both energy output and fatigue. Physical fatigue is derived from sheer physical causes and momentary "blocks" in an individual's output can be ascribed to his general physi cal condition; but we cannot overlook the mental aspects of fatigue, one of which is boredom, when the individual feels that his work presents no challenge and when his in terest in the immediate accomplishment of that work disappears. When this happens, he ends up in a motivational conflict and his pioductivity suflers. The problems of mental fatigue that arise from repetitive activities are not as pro nounced in mining as in some other indus tries. Nevertheless, they should not be over looked. An exr 'e from coal mining in the k'nited Kingil, perhaps of interest. The psychological cllcct of mechanization had been noted in the lougwall mining of narrow seams, with the same monotonous operations being repealed several times a shift. This applied particularly to the power loader operator who was called upon to travel to and fro along the lougwall face. Difficulties and dangeis from boredom arose, but were overcome i 1 j. I. f ( j by arranging for the loader operator to change jobs with one of the "stable" men at the end of each face traverse. The importance of such psychological factors in acci- t ( j; dent prevention is well-recognized. I Effective motivation can create a highly ;. desirable mental anil psychological environincut and, for this reason, factors in the motivation of a mining work-force demand closer attention than they may have received ; : ; in the past. Motivation of an individual can he scry different from motivation of a team, Today, men function both as individuals and j as team members and, in industrial team re- ' lationships, the psychological factors in- ~ volved can sometimes be used as criteria for evaluating productivity. 5 Productivity varies from worker to worker, S and an individual worker's production may | vary hourly, daily, or weekly; how much lie 5 produces is influenced both by his physical y condition and by his psychological attitude l to employment. Differences in production K rates between groups of workers are usually | greater than differences among the individu- t als forming each specific group. When varia tions in achievement and response vary from group to group comprising men of coinpnrable skills, some of tire variations can be at tributed to the groups themselves. Perhaps one group has been accorded more sclf-dircction than another, or in one group some individual emerges as a leader. In other words, some groups become teams more so ; > ; i than others. s The increased working solidarity within j the group often extends fo increased solidar- t ity in their off-work activities. This sort of j tiling could become very important in the sociological problems of an isolated mining - community. But, group productivity may [ suffer, if sociological factors are ignored or f treated as unimportant--in spite of incentive ' payments that could normally be expected to ' stimulate productivity. I Studies in the efficiencies of large versus ' small mining work organizations have been undertaken overseas. Some time ago, note was made of the comparative success of small mines, particularly co1llciH|SjjiOwcr job to maintain high iri6f.il- accident rates and increased m'o^DtfVity high productivity--two object were ascribed to a higher ratio or j^dnage- get her. 1 rial supervision". Current studiesjjfcnd . to show that tire beneficial effects Wablished The Sociological Mining Eiwimm.i under these conditions can he applied to the Let us turn momentarily lo It": i. ' re-organization of larger mines. The princi cal aspects of our minim', (ii-.nuo ;< ' 3, pal change that has been recommended in the existing organization of large mines is the strengthening of on-the-job supervision or "management", by recognizing the work ing face as the basic unit of production and stead of studying human holms in'- a- of individual or persoum I china .'r- > : ciology is the study of wild i ! ' between people, in linns of vaim , ' vision of labor, authority patterns, m o .. o.i by building from there a structure which There is more to the lichavim- n! I a limits the size and diversity of any one level beings than can ho explained in t urn i in of managerial supervision. It has been sug dividuals. The .statement by Sto at ( ii : gested that, from a human viewpoint, vefy .should he noted: "Any induliid ii a- large mine organizations would function lx:t- tion perforins two major function! the eco tcr if they were, in effect, a collection of nomic one of producing goods and lb : . i d smaller mines, each with a sense of individu one of creating and distributing himnor - .it ality and purpose. . faction among the people under its . f.e ' < In such ways ns these human relation ships, both individual and group, arc being vastly improved in the United Kingdom coal mining industry. The individual worker feels closer identification with the job and the su pervisor "senses" belter control of the opera tions. It has been contended that organiza tions can perhaps become too large for the individual worker to develop any sense of "belonging", which is an essential clement in full worker cooperation, j At this juncture, I wish to refer momen tarily to the psychological aspects of acci dents and of safety consciousness. The psy chological facets of the accident environment should receive much closer attention. The lion. If the company's hmoaii orvani ' out of balance, all of the cllicicn; y .. in the world would not improve tlv or1 id . With the introduction of trc'v m " , techniques and teclinologi' i. it L - ' a ! that consideration be given to holli the i;.l and psychological consequences -I im. ca tion. Even with existing method:., tlv 'r so ciological influences should bs examm 'd. Very little work appears to have boon ' on the sociological aspects of I lie uoio'.r in dustry on this continent. The little that uv been done should bo studied. For exam, lo, an analysis of the psychiatric sliuli-s L an Eastern Kentucky coal Mining ranmniy i : rewarding. mere adaptation of breezy accident preven tion slogans and the competitive registration of lost time statistics are not good enough. The "grid" theory, that was originally de signed for managerial interpretation, lias been found to be applicable to supervisory responsibilities and, it is suggested, could be equally effective in its application to safety training programs. But studios of considerable si- i.ifii - i".-; have recently been conducted in th .' k i d Kingdom and are being continued. Oj in teresting study concerns the inlroilii- >!i a of mechanization to replace the old,v 'rad winning methods of coal mining. In many cases, a change that was techno'-'e i!y efficient was only partially successful in >'.< effectiveness because it cut across am The role of the supervisor is extremely im portant as an environmental factor. Is his to be an emphasis centered only upon higher productivity? or is it to be an emphasis on his subordinates' welfare? or is it to bo a blend of both? The role of the supervisor in mining activities is distinctly different from that in other industries. He is confronted with widely-spaced work points, difficult of access, in unusual conditions of rock struc ture, of lighting) of noise, and the like; his is network of supervisory activities. It is his various. These difficulties have grad:- been overcome through the dcvclopnc..! >' more strongly-knit primary woik gumps. A somewhat related study of the >V.i. r- conncction between workers and their : - logical interests is also available. Lidn r : : safety lias long been a problem in <. d ing, where safety depends upon an a. . - ness of individual and inter-group "yu i- bilily for the working conditions left for c!!i- ers (who follow on the next s' !. o' close group feeling could lead c k1 ' . iuilit.iwil Utifoly Con/;rc:,7 Will) mechanization, accidents showed a serioiis incrcaso anel it was considered that tlic disruption of social groups by mechanization might be a major cause. In an attempt to coned this piohlcm on the job, management took slops to rebuild the social orguiizalion of the work group off the job by recreational ioi otives. At the same time, they empha sized the interdependence of the shift groups and the social organization of the mine as a whole. Within less than a s car, the accidents in I lie mines handled in this manner dc i ic.i-cd significantly in comparison with sim ilar units that did not follow these policies. The sensitivity of social factors both on and off the job should be properly studied and i;i h. d i fleclivcly by management. In the evaluation of productivity, the eco nomic, mental, and social environment of the wother must he taken into account. At 011c time, industry tended to concentrate almost rntiicly upon "economic considerations''-- the amount of product, the quality of prod in t. wastage, errors, damage, lost time, compi motion claims, and so on. Some attention was then given to the "physiological and physical demands" on the industry-safely and injuries, short term illnesses, permanent effects on a alth, absenteeism, and so on. In nunc lecont years, "psychological considera tions" have heen receiving some attention-- fatigue, emotion, monotony, job pride, work satisfaction, motivation, personality adjust ment, etc. Now, industry finds it both nccess.irv and advantageous to include "sociologicd factors" in its considerations--worker adjustment, family contentedness, levels and standards of living, cultural and social amcn- ilk., the impact of adolescence, the prob- ! uis of isolation, and the like.7 7 he Mining Communilij and Iho Mining Eiit honincni. The mining industry of both Canada and Al.eka is a powerful factor in the develop ment of those countries. Many mining com munities, particularly the newer ones, arc es sentially single enterprise in their concept and are usually located north of the strip of settlement along the US.A./Canada holder. '! In se communities, which constitute "iso- I fed mining environments", am destined to play an even more significant role in the fu ture, particularly as the mining industry it- 'clf expands and ds its finntiers further 1! u ! nv. aid. Such mining communities present certain special environmental features that may af fect the working and social lives of the com munity--the miners and their families. In their development and structure, these com munities follow broadly the same pattern as the mine that they serve: the reconnaissance, the development and, finally, the productive or mature, stage of establishment, in each of which management, in its relation to the community work-force, can face problems differing in scope and in intensity. The composition of these later day cominanities varies from those of the earl}' set- 1 tiers in North America. Replacing the small ! free trade industries of hunting and fishing, j mining communities are closely related to I the expanding industrial growth of the cities, in that they rely upon very much the same type of labor and skills as their urban coun terparts. For this reason, some degree of ur banity is essential to these new communities since, in order to compete with city-based industries, housing, amenities, and 1 salary/wage scales must be adequately at- | tractive. In order to minimize the problems arising from the mobility of labor and labor turn over, mine management is finding that it must give more than cursory thought, not only to housing and amenities, but to the social and communal life of the mine work-force. Govemments also have an important environ mental part to play through the provision of roads, educational and communicative facili ties, and the like. It lias been said that inadequate planning lias been a feature of many of tire isolated mining communities even in the recent past, and proposals for the future suggest that the essential aspects of community development which should perhaps receive closer atten tion include siting, planning, administration, housing policies, recreation, community insti tutions, and public relations. It is essential to develop a foil apprecia tion of the sociological oif-the-job factors to be introduced into the concept of mining towns of the future. Employees should be encouraged to enter upon all phases of their social environment as full community partici pants, freed from any form of company po litical pressure, and should be encouraged to act and behave ns citizens. Management and men both have a part to play in community affairs and, in a community sense, must each 'Ji; oooi;5'i A i. contribute to the other's overall p.'Sjltipation. In single enterprise communities indtistria] one whistle--"his master's vni> <!" V should be a "buffer" by way t>[ a ml ; !\ between the township sfte-^nd tin or relations could well become,.in e0fec$**4fo< inunlty relations because the company comes into contact with the miners themselves and tions site to reduce such hfiipingcmui! Strenuous efforts should he made u-i.t-i o- ing recreational lacililif s, community ion 1 ot with their wives and children os well. In the company-supported, to eater for olf-wn!: k i- early stages, the company has often been surc periods. Shift work presents its ovn so called upon to play the combined role of cial problems in any case, blit it vim a'.;: < employer, banker, chief taxpayer, home pro ducc accessibility to recreational f-.\ r- - vider and local government, a role which lias unless special arrange iwuls an: m i ( o'.- sometimes led to difficult social relations be emments have a vital intone l in b-.dai. J. tween company officials and "townspeople". mining communities, which, by coming ink Under such conditions, the company may being, constitute loci of further national cl; - have been impelled to assume a paternalistic velopmcnt; it is important that up-io-ibvattitude towards its employees and their de minutc news or the National Hockey t.ov.n" pendents, in an effort to make the coinimi-'.' -James can be enjoyed, not only in fibk-e nity "one happy family". and Montreal, hut in the most isola'-.ii m' "Keeping the wives happy" is often a dif ing community. . ficult organizational problem. Wives develop The automobile straddles the. distance be feelings of claustrophobia, notably in com tween tlic isolated community and its no.- rt .t munities in the midst of or up against moun neighboring largo centre, if liiglnvay.-. : r : tains, or surrounded by forests or the rela provided. Miners arc able to relax away fi'"'i tively barren Canadian shield. For personal the mine at reasonably frequent ia rind... contentment, wives enjoy the ability to shop, One gathers that it is the view o! t!"- to have a "hair-do", to participate in church ners of some of the newer isolated c-r me e - or recreational activities all of the year ties that, if properly used, the town's li': round, and to feel that their children too are amongst the trees, reeks, water, ami o'I -r in an adequate social environment. Some arc natural features could he so developed as to confronted with the predicament of adoles encourage the company employee and bs cent youth, who, growing into adulthood in family to think of their community m ire a- a iw isolated community, arc faced with a di resort than as a miniature city. If rii: vs lemma that the city youth does not encoun could be persuaded to accept such a view ri ter--anxiety regarding a future vocation, or living in an isolated community, much ce .hi merely the future (particularly in relation to daughters), education (particularly second ary and higher education), and so on. These probably be done to improve the ........... .e-l environment, which impinges upon de do to-day mining activities. arc the problems of the miner and his family In Canada and Alaska, when: the f.-onll-..: os a unit, giving rise to anxieties which may of mining arc pushing furiher and b'lih be carried on to tire job. Companies are find northwards, and where mining in the ini'-: ing it beneficial to make every effort to assist will call for tlic solution of the prcMi m I family units to overcome these problems "arctic" mining, the upper echelons of :nn" which, through their impact, could have ad agement arc now realizing the inip.ii! M d verse psychological and sociological effects these sociological and communal proM nr upon company operations. will have on the exploitation of this cm !i- In the isolated mining communities, one sometimes hears the comment: "When you come home from the mine, the mine comes with you". This reflects the mental attitude of both the miner and his wife. It is proba bly more emphatic if the living quarters arc within car-shot of tlic company whistle or if the miner lives in a company-owned house. The whistle itself has been known to create nmblems through resentment because, in the le enterprise community, there is only nent's mineral wealth. Feasibility sindies id the future must embrace not only tin P < i cal and economic factors, but the lm: u factors as well. Necessity will fo-c. : I' dove-tailing of these facets of organization:-' behavior. Rut necessity should not !- 'V only impelling, motivation and tin: vimi-- in dustry as a whole should, under lb : i: i d conditions of its expanding existence. as predate the importance of these factor; their composite contribution to '' tional environment. 1567 Setional Safety Congress Conclusion. In tin's review, a number of topics, which a few years ago would not have been consid ered relevant to the mining environment, have been discussed: some of the topics would have been considered beyond the scope of the engineer and engineering man agement. It is possible that little new has la" n introduced into individual environmen tal facets, but the review will have served a useful purpose if it has brought the several farets together and demonstrated their inter relationships insofar as the total environment brace, or arc influenced bv, other training and disciplines which impinge upon his own professional responsibilities and which are coming more and more into his orbit. I am impressed by both the potential and the problems of the north, problems which lie within the sphere of responsibility of the management of single enterprise communi ties, of which the mining industry provides the principal examples. I consider that an understanding and fuller appreciation of these problems should be included in the present day training of mining engineers, upon whom will fall the future task of plan of our industry is concerned. ning, and bringing into production, the min In the past, mining engineers have not been called upon to study closely the psy chological and sociological problems' of their own industry and even physiological aspects have not been as fully appreciated as the background to many of our physical environ mental controls should demand. Today, we arc realizing that they are important, not only in day-to-day policies of safety and ac cident prevention, but in routine processes of personnel control and personnel manage ment. The engineer is rapidly expanding his knowledge and his influence into these newer fields, because feasibility studies of new mining ventures recognize them as fac tors in the ultimate success of the enterprise. Educationally, the mining engineer must be trained to think in these broader terms. His is often the decision on problems that em eral resources of this continent. Even established managements may End it beneficial to recast their thinking and modify their approach to industrial problems that are constantly in a state of change ns indi viduals and communities develop their self expressions and modify their attitudes to wards environmental conditions. In many of tiro older mines, it may perhaps be difficult to adjust fully to the changes and tempo, not only of newer technological development, but present day trends in soctol and person ality adaptations. The management of newer mines can grasp the opportunity to analyze and benefit from the broader approaches. In our joint planning, as mining engineers con cerned with the training for, and application of, our profession, all aspects of the miner and his environment must necessarily be considered. 0 0 0 6 fi fi THE NEW FED SAFETY LEGISLATE!! AND Yi UR OPERATIONS By ROBERT II. McPIIILLAMEY Ass't. Solicitor, Mines and Coal Research, Office of the Solicitor, U.S. Department of the Interior, Washington, D.C. An interest in safety in all phases of in tion of health and safety in in il > . ! dustry, particularly the mining industry, is nonmctallic industries. manifested ia various forms of positive ac 2. The Act piuvidcs for a modili' i i id tion to promote and improve safety and is Federal-Stale program of inspections he : being carried on by individual companies, an agency of the state has adeonat: 1 d mining associations, safety organizations, mi authority to enforce its own existing r-.hh neral trade associations, employee organiza and safety standards which in the jud'-m: m tions, and by agencies of the State and Fed - of the Secretary of the Interior ar: su! '. r i- eral governments. tially as effective as the mandatory st itahnv ; One method of positive action in the field promulgated and adopted by the .':rricl u;-, of mine safety is the enactment of a law. and which provide for inspection at lea t an This method does not always meet with uni nually of mines oilier than quarries and sand fied agreement when the law provides for and gravel pits that arc subject to the Art. the entry of the Federal government into a This aspect of tire law affords the oppmle field of activity, whether it is in mining ac nity for, and emphasis on, the drvri. pm. .0. tivities or somo other industrial activity. and administration of health and Some would prefer that each segment of an codes, standards, or regulations by ?'. industry develop its own safety programs, States. The Slate plan provisions of t!. V adapted to its own peculiar conditions--in will be discussed later in more detail. short, "self-policing". Others would prefer 3. 'file Federal government is I'm11..- that authority to develop and administer jeeted into the program of positive ad inn 1 , safety codes, standards, or regulations be left the area of health and safety research, i:am- at die state or local levql. The position is taken by some that the activities of tiic Fed eral government should be confined to im proving health and safety research, training, ing and the collection, compilation. :md analysis of accident statistics, 'the Act m vides that expanded programs should bn d. vcloped for the education and trninim; ; and die collection, compilation, and analysis employers and employees in the lerovnit: .>, of accident statistics. The Federal Metal and avoidance, and prevention of acchf-n's m Nonmctallic Mine Safety Act is a composite unsafe or unhcnlthful working condition: hi of all those views, and there is room for all the mines. The use of the term "cpaml,-.i to operate concurrently. '. . programs is a recognition of what fh. i'n- The purpose of the Act is to promote rcau of Mines has been doing for years, ,vi!h health aryl safety in inetal and nonmetallic the cooperation of employers and employ. . mineral industries; or, expressed in a differ The Act further provides that operehu e! ent manner, to reduce the accident rates and mines shall submit, at least annually :m ! at improve health and safety conditions in min such other times as the Secretary ol the !o>- ing and milling operations. lior deems necessary, reports of m" eh e , Having expressed a purpose xvhat docs the Act do to accomplish it? injuries, occupational diseases, and > l.c d data, and the information obtainr*.' finethese reports shall be complied. 1. It establishes a Federal program of sys and published, either in summary or r : ! tematic inspection of those operations of form. All the information and repml: : a . ' each mine the products of which regularly published and released to any inter, A ,1 r< - enter commerce, or the operations of which son and they shall be made a aiiai ' affect commerce, ami it requires the devel public inspection. opment, promulgation, and enforcement of 4. Where does "self-policing" fit id" liealdi and safety standards. Thus, the Fed- picture? Standards may be dc'-i-v ' : al got eminent is injected into the promo promulgated; statistics may be '! ! Itltu National Sa/clij Congress OFFICERS OF THE MININS SECTION National Safety Council 1967-68 Ccnaal Clmiiman -- Honi.iii' M. Neil, Tito Hanna Mining Co., Agents, fron River, Michigan. Chairman-Elect--Auxs D. Look, U. S. Bureau of Mines, Duluth, Minn. Si einul Viec-Clminntni--W. ]{. Fuaseii, Mines Accident Prevention Association of Ontario, Noitli Hay, Out., Canada. Third Vice-Chairman--\ioy G. Stott, l1. S. Bureau of Mines, Washington, D. C. Si i retail/--II. C. 1'umi'iun, U. S. Bureau of Mines, Salt Lake City, Utah. Panel l Chairman-Elect Engineering Committee--Chaiii.es C. Hilton (Chairman), U. S. Smelting Refining & Mining Co., Salt Lake City, Utah; Laiihy S. Hansen, Northwestern Mining Department, American Smelting tt Refining Co., Wallace. Idaho; Neil H. Duke, lie.la Mining Company, Hchcr City, Utah; E. W.Mto Riciiaiius, The Hanna Mining Compans, Agents, Iron Hirer, Michigan: Dan Tiiavis, U. S. Steel Company, Jefferson City, Tcnn.: Biiuce Moll. Erie Mining Company, Hoyt Lakes, Minn.; Maiivin E. Johnson, The Anaconda Company, Hntte, Mont.; Emm G. Michels, While Pine Copper Co., White Pines, Michigan; Routrer Johnson, Miami Copper Co., Div. Tennessee Corp., Miami, Arizona. Ih/gicnc and Ventilation Committee--J. H. Bovin (Chairman), Erie Mining Company, Iloyt Lakes, Minn.; R. J. Seaiilk, U. S. Bureau of Reclamation, Salt Lake City, Utah; W. A. Baiidsutch, De|iartmcnt of Mining & Applied Ceophysics, McGill University, Montieal, Quehec, Canada; Donald L. Waiineii, m.i>.. Department of Industrial Medi cine, East Range Clinics, Ltd., Hoyt Lakes, Minn.; EnwAim DesRociiehs, United States Gypsum Co., Chicago, HI.; T. E. Newkirk, Melntyre-Poreupine Mines, Ltd., Schumacher, Ontario, Canada. Ojf-thc-Job Sufetij Committee--Allen D. Look (Chairman), U. S. Bureau of Mines, Du luth, Minn.; M. R. Fraser, Mines Accident Prevention Association of Ontario, North Bay, Out., Canada; Roy G. Stott, U. S. Bureau of Mines, Washington, D. C. Statistics Committee--Owen B. Boland (Chairman), Caland Ore Company, Ltd., Atikokan. Ontario, Canada; FonnEST T. Moyeii, Chief, Accident Analysis Branch, U. S. Bureau of Mines, Washington, D. C.; Douclas F. Coleman, Bethlehem Mines Corporation, Corn wall. Pa.; Wu.inr.o I. Pelletier, Lake Asbestos of Quebec, Ltd., Black Lake, Quebec, Canada. rancl 11 Second Vicc-Chaiiman Newsletter Editor--Louis J. Zaveul, U. S. Bureau of Mines, Duluth, Minn. Trainio" Committee--C. Naimeii (Chairman). International Minerals & Chemical Corp., Kslerlia/y, Sask , Canada; j. A. Bennett, V. S. Bureau of Mines, Pittsburgh, Pa.; C. J. Haight, Algoma Ore Properties Div.. Algnma Steel Corp., Wawa, Out., Canada; Ed. IIlakny, Pe*-sh Company of America, Saskatoon. Saskatchewan, Canada; John S. Kelly, U. S. Bur f Mines. Pittsburgh, Pa.; D, W. ltoucir, Wabush Mines, Wabush, Labra dor, Can,-U d. E. Rowan, The Anaconda Company, Brittannia Beach, B. C., Canada jfg 0o0o0o6o5h(o1 11 in: ': /; Visual Education Committee--WALTEiiflj'uliNiii.sON (Chairman), The 1 humu Mini Agents, llihlring, Minn.; II. J. AmiitgjS. llomestiikr-Sapin I'ailners, Cr: mis, I}!: v. R. C. Du Naui.t, Calumet mid llcicfa Inc., Calume t Div., Calumet; French, The Anaconda Co., Creat^idLf;"Mont.; A. W. Ness, Amrr iean Sna ei Refining Co., Salt Lake City, Utah; William L. Smith, The Auacond a Co., Unit' tana; Melvin Jl. Taylor, Cananea Consolidated Mining Co., S. A.. Canal.' a. Mexico; Ron R. Southerland, Tennessee Copper Company, Coppra hill.. Teen. Associations-ruhlicity Committee--Joseph Hall (Chairman), Reserve Mining (>.. D! ' Bay, Minn.; Ceoiice O. Aiicall, Jr., E. M. World Mining, Brussels 5, Belgium: Ui i; o Knoulock, Mining Congress Journal, Washington, D. C.; Alvin W. Knoeiii:, Kir/en ri" and Mining Journal, New York, N. Y.; Cuius Mamen, Canadian Mining Journal. Geidi uvale, Que., Canada; Richako N. 1'aull, The Ilaimn Mining Co., Agents, llihhiiej, Minn.: J. G. Hickaby, International Nickel Company, Copper Cliff, Out.. Canada: Doth Skillings, Skillings Mining Review, Duluth, Minn.; W. J. Tiiiesen, Republic Shv! Cm:-., Port Henry, New York. i Panel 111 Third Vice-Chairman Program Committee-Roreut W. Van Kveh.v ((.'haiimae >, American Mining Congress, Washington, D. C.; II. D. Stott, Calumet 6: Ih' l... ti e., Evanston, Illinois; J. W. Jkffiiies, Mines Accident Prevention Assn, of Manilntm. i;,.. .,. 818, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Wesley G. Johnson, Inland Steel Ompc.-iv. t,. peining, Mich. Membership Committee--T. T. Pinder (Chairman), Utah Division, Kennecott Cupp t 'u.p.. Salt Lake City, Utah; D. W. Henry, Hecla Mining Company, Wallace. Idah : J. I Doyle, MacLeod Cockslmtt Cold Mines Ltd., Ccraldlon, Ontario, Canada: !( <i > Baldeck, International Salt Company, Clarks Summit, Pa.; J. )'. Moiioan, .Slaulh r ' le n- ical Company of Wyoming, Green River, Wyo.; E. P. Suomi, Chief, Div. ul \c-M ut Prevention & Health, U. S. Bureau of Mines, Washington, D. C.; Joseph 'I'. Mo ;nv Ray Mines Div., Kennecott Copper Corp., Hayden, Ariz. . Entertainment Committee--Everett White (Chairman), Mine Safely \t>j Pittsburgh, Pa.; F. D. Woleiien, U. S. Steel Corporation, Virginia, Minn. District Deprcsentaliees--Northeastern District, Joserii II. Wkeki-s. Mew Jersey Zinc C: m pany, Ogdcnsburg, New Jersey; Southeastern District, Joseph IIaiuiison, Trout s-tt 1 am- per Co., Copper Hill, Tenn.; Western District, W. Lynn IIaiit, American Smeltin'' vd Refining Co., Wallace, Idaho; Southwestern District, R. L. Johnson, Chino Mines Die. Kennecott Copper Corp., Hurley, N. M.; Eastern Canada District, II. R. l'ov. Editor of Panorama, Noranda Mines Limited, Noranda, Quehec, Canada; Weshtn l eu. ada District, J. D. McDonald, Mining Association of B. C., Vancouver, R. C.. d .. r Research and Planning Committee--*Haholi> F. Thompson, American Zinc Co., `hi ..':, Tcnn.; Ili;nBEiT A. Wendel, The Anaconda Co., Bureau of Safety, Butte, Mnnl.: ' h' i : A. Cooke, Falconhridge Nickel Mines Ltd., Falconhridge, Ontario, Canada: *I'.iu n ;'. Leonard, Inland Steel Co., Ishpoming, Mich.; *C. R. Neil, Bethlehem Mine;. < n; .. Cornwall, Pa. Nominating Committee--'Harold F. Thompson (Chairman), American Zinc Co., Me a. Tenn.; IIeiiiiert A. Wendel, The Anaconda Co., Bureau of Safety, Bnlte, Mont.; SJ : A. Cooke, Falconhridge Nickel Mines Ltd., Faleonhridge, Ontario, Canada. Staff Representative--Clinton II. |ocii, National Safety Council, -125 N. Mi 'iii"- 1 . Chicago, Illinois 60611. Past General Chairman. r. OFFICERS OF THE PETROLEUM SECTION NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1967"' I General Chairman--O. C. Haiku, The Standard Oil Co., ( an Ohio Coni.). Clevi I n"'. (Vice General Chairman and Newsletter Editor-- F. \V. Mu.is, Tin- M.irath>r: f :? Findlay, Ohio , Assistant Newsletter Editor--"Glenn F. Stednit/., UOP Chemical Division. ?<! /.: ' . Program Chairman--]. G. Lowrance, Service Pipe Lino Co., Tulsa, Okla. !f'; . Secretary and Cameron Award Chttirman-C. W. Listen, Phillips Petroleum Co . p. ville, Okla. ! Chairman, Off-the-Joh Safety--Harry Britt, Atlantic Itichliehl Co.. Pint Arthur, I !V. Chairman, Education in Training--C. N. Smolja.n, Mobil Oil Corp., East Chicago. ' |r CChhaaiirmmoann,, HDeiaol.th oCf omMmanittuefea--ctDunri.ngH-a).roHldow\Va.rdSidSest,arAkm, erSicnannlidOcil RCeof.i,niCnghicaCgoo... R: i Christi, Tex. | Chairman, Chairman, DPuiob.liociftyMaanrkdetPinugb--licW.BeAl.aMlinamll-oKy,).TeLxaacrosoInn,c.T, hNeewAnYsnolilcC, oN... Merin.-tl:-. V. V;! CChhaaiirrmmeann,, ADciotio. itoief sPiapnedlinMese--mLb.eWrsh. ipK:inAistloann,ticShReellgPioinp--e AL.inDe. CJoourpn.s, oHno, uPsatornag, oTn> O;. il Long'Island City, N. Y.; Gulf Coast Region--Stanley Atherton, Getty Oil Civ. I Chtoanir,mTaenx,.;DGior.eoatf LParokedsucRtieogni,onD--riAlli.nAg., F6-hEidxrpylcoriia, tUionni--veKrseanlnOetilh PVro. dBurcotsokCso,.,CDiteiis I I Vi. IOII.i;l CMoi.d, -TCuolsnati,nOenktlaR. etgion--Fiiank K. Licim oor, Skclly Oil Co., Tuki. Ol la.: c Coast Ilegioii--Murray Hamilton, Mobil Oil Co., Torrance, Calif. 000657 lers-At-Large--W. L. Avuett, Mobil Oil Corp., New York, N. Y.: D. F. Ci:c> flair Refining Co., Harvey, 111.; VV. A. Denoes, Jr., Mobil Oil Corp., Pan Islam. Paulsboro, N. J.; Alexis de Tarnowsky, Pure Oil Company, a Division of I ^ Oil..Company of California, Palatine, HI.; Hoiieiit Dillsaveii, Cities Service On. V'*,, York, N. Y.; W. K. Dotson, Great Northern Oil Company, Si. Paul, Minn,; !'.v ;WLEY- American Oil Co., Chicago, III.; J. U. Parker. Humble Oil & P,<-linin'; " "*'CX': AU'; KtCKABAUCII, Cities Service Oil Co., Bnitlcsvillc. Okla.: I <: ' IwflLiNs, Ethyl Corp., Houston, Tex. Liaison Representatives From Associations--Lamaji Deupree, Association of Oilwell Servic ing Contractors, Dallas, Tex.; E. H. Falun, National Petroleum Refiners Assn., Wuh- U ington, D. C.; I. J. Fisheh, Jr., American Assn, of Oilwell Drilling Contractors, Dallil, Texas; J. F. McKenna, American Petroleum Institute, New York, N. Y.; Paul Wnr, U. S. Bureau of Mines, Dallas, Tex. I Chairman, Advisory and Study Committee-- `Roland Pryor, Phillips Petroleum Co., Bartles PLAN ville, Okla. . Members, Advisory 6- Study Committee-- `Carl Adams, Continental Oil Co., Houston, Texas; S. Ross C.uut, Gulf Oil Corp., Houston, Texas; *Frel> Claidohne, Pan Ameiican Petroleum Corp., Houston, Texas; `Parker C. Foi.se, Mobil Oil Corporatka.' New York, N. Y.; C. II. Linduerc, Sinclair Oil & Gas Company, Tulsa, Okla,; *IL T. 'Makkee, Phillips Petroleum Co., Bartlesville, Okla.; `Glenn F. Stednitz, UOP Chemical. Division, McCook, III.; `Quincy V. Tuma, Texaco Inc., Houston, Tex. Fast General Chairmen--C. D. Attaway, Tlilokol Chemical Corp., Marshall, Tex.; G. B. Black, Sun Oil Co., Philadelphia, Pa.; II. \V. Boccess, (Ret.); Walter Boon, (Ret}, A. W. Breeland, (Ret.); J. II. Brown, (Ret.); William F. Burius, (Ret.); R. D. Ebemli, filer.;; D. M. Farrell, (Ret.); D. A. Klemme, (Ret.); J. II. McKenzie, Mobil Oil Cwp, 150 E. 42nd St., New York, N. Y. 10017; F. R. McLean, Consultant; J. Howard Mum, (Ret.); Georce F. Prussinc, Consultant; R. B. Roapeii, (Ret.) NOW TO ATTEND THE NATIONAL SAFETY Oim'Pif' OCTOBER 28-31, 1968 / CONRAD IIILION IMHO, n;t': The Congress is always a big week, a worthy,biF for the 13,000 safety people who altend. 0 Stajl Representative--G. Smiiii.ey, National Safety Council, 425 N. Michigan Ave., Chicago 111. G0011. `Past General Chairman * At the *68 Congress you can meet other snfr-t/ r -pi ., with the same problems and responsibilities ;i ; vourr ;li\ You can exchange views and ideas on accid T i.ruv--,.. tion, health, hygiene, and fire prevention .. . on n;; 'i in industry, traffic, school, at home and c;i !h' You can see the largest of all safely equipment exhibits at the Congress ... an opportunity for you to in d.r: v !1informed buying decisions for your company. This four-day educational program, planned : i>d pi ... sented by the National Safety Council, can L ; yont i most thought-provoking, most worthwhile --i - , , rience in 1968. Make plans early to attend the 1968 Congress r-nd brin-r the other people in your organization who he, ' - o'-ir responsibilities. FUTURE CONGRESS DATES 1968 October 28-31 1969 October 27-30 1970 October 26-29 1971 October 25-28 1972 October 23-26 NATIONAL SAFETY C 0 U M I! 425 NORTH f. AVENUE-n.-T- -r*-;^eCeHr.ICAGO,1 1 000658 ? l* kdi 1.. OOOGfi r > OFFICERS OF THE PUBLIC UTILITIES SECTION national Safety Council 1967-68 Membership Committee--M. flMp^^toj- ^Cliainnaii),,Safety Supervisor, The L.. E. Co., Villa Park, 111.; MAYNASYifjf-Pettit (Vice Chairman), Geinial Plan1. I r uni" Supervisor, Southwestern Befcffigfeialionc..Co,, St. Louis,- Mq.;.Pau}. jVi isnso'., !\ Bureau of Safety, Chicago, IllT .............. '-'J'ftrrr Hcwsletler Committee--Robert H. Ward (Editor), Safety Director, Omaha TuMic Pe- - r District, Omaha, Nebr.; Colon F. Stanley (Vice Chairman), Safety Manager, Ge-iorr! Telephone Co. of Florida, Tampa, Fla.; Thomas C. McKkli.y. Dir. of Tinining & S . Laclede Gas Co., St. Louis, Mo. General Chairman--Kenneth G. Crecar, System Safety Director, Metropolitan Edison Reading, Pa. ;v Off-the-Job Safety Committee--Ernest W. Traut (Chairman), Safety Director, Genera! Telephone Co. of Pennsylvania, Erie, Pa.; Eurene If. Wessells, Jii., Safely Supervisor, Western Massachusetts Electric Co., West Springfield, Mass.; Donald N. Mourn-. t Engineer Assistant, Los Angeles Dept, of Water & Power, Los Angeles, Calif. First Vice-Chairman--13. J. Lorenz, Manager of Safety, Northern Indiana Public Service:. Co., Hammond, Ind. ; Publicity Committee--Bon Cooper (Chairman), Manager of Personnel A Safely, Indus! in! Generating Co., Rockdale, Texas; Harold R. Lewis ( Vice Chairman), Safely :::m :. Supervisor, Pacific Telephone & Telcgraph^Co., San Francisco, Calif. Second Vice-Chairman--Marvin B. Travis, Corporate Safety Director, Northern Natural" Gas Co., Omaha, Ncbr. Research Committee--Thomas II. Edwards (Chairman), Safely Practices Supui< i-r-, Southern Bel! Telephone & Telegraph Co., Atlanta, Ga.; William W. Vwr.ut-or.i- (Vico Secretary--John R. Yeaman, Jr., Division Safety Engineer, Virginia Electric & Power Co, Alexandria, Va. . Chairman), Plant Supervisor - Safety, The Chesapeake & Potomac Telephone Co., V.'adi ington, D. C.; Thomas A. Brown, Jr., Supervisor-Safety, The Bell Telephone Co. or ; Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa.; James D. iIoac, Safety Director, Union Electric Program Committee--William J. Bryan (Chairman), Safety Engineer, Mlchigan-Wisconsta s*. St. Louis, Mo. Pipeline Co., Detroit, Mich.; Thomas V. Keane (Vice Chairman--Electric), Safety Repre sentative, Philadelphia Electric Co., Philadelphia. Pa.; Alex PiEnsoN (Vice Chairman- Gas), Safety Engineer, Philadelphia Gas Works, Philadelphia, Pa.; Robert F. Mills (Vice: Chairman--Communications), General Safety Supvr., Mountain States Telephone Co,i JrDenver, Colo.; Town T. Cai-pio (Vico Chairman--Water), City of Philadelphia Water Dept., Philadelphia, Pa. ., Technical Publications Committee--Herman C. Pottiiast (Chairman), Safety Officer, O.S.1 iD,nt. of Agriculture, Rural Electrification Admn., Washington, D. C.; J. E. Appel (Vice Chairman--Electric), Safety Engineer, Commonwealth Edison Co., Chicago, 111.; Donald E. Ryan (Vice Chairman--Gas). Safety Engineer, Washington Gas Light Co.: Washing ton, D. C.; John E. Frandsen (Vice Chairman--Communications), General Plant Super- \isor-Personnel, Northwestern Bell Telephone Co., Omaha, Nebr.; Harry D. Harman Prevention Administrator, Long Island Lighting Co., Hicksvillc, N. Y.; Itoiiiarr M. Mr Director, Training, Employment & Safety, American Electric Power Service Corp.. ; York, N. Y.; Harry W. Becker, Safety Manager, American Cas Association. New \ N. Y. Nominating Committee--Charles W. ScinvEiCKAnT (Chairman), Executive Vite Pr v id- -r, . Hoosier Engineering Co., Columbus. Ohio; Warden L. Clifton, Director of .V.-ci-!:; Prevention, Hydro-Electric Power Commission of Ontario, Toronto, Ontario. Gi" Paul Windsor, Secretary, Bureau of Safety, Chicago, III. Vice Chairman--Water), Vice President & Asst. General Manager, Gary-Hobart Water Corp., Gary, Ind.; Raymond J. Lord, Safety Supervisor, Detroit Edison Co., Detroit, Cameron Award Coordinator--Maiivin B. TnAvrs. Midi.; William E. Carlson, Loss Prevention Administrator, General Telephone & Elec tronics Corp., New York, N. Y. SPECIAL REPRESENTATIVES: Training Committee--Rickard V. Molen (Chairman), Supervisor-Safety Services, Con solidated Edison Co. of New York, Inc., New York, N. Y.; R. Paul Bolerjack (Vice American Gas Association--Clint L. Pendleton, Asst. Safety Manager, New En.e.le.n,! !, >. Service Co., Boston, Mass. Chairman), Safety Director, Illinois Power Co., Decatur, 111,; Ernest G. Shearer, Di- 1 Amertcfn Public Power Assn.--Hiram C. Twit, Safety Director, Chattanooga id r rector, Safety & Training, Indiana Statewide Rural Electric Cooperative, Inc., Indinnapolii, Power Board, Chattanooga, Tenn. Ind.; Francis E. Payne, Safctv Manager, Northeast Utilities Service Co., Hartford, Coiul; ; : . Bruce G. Callacheii, Accident Prevention Coordinator, Hydro-Electric Power Com- f; American Water Works Association--John T. Cappio, Safely Olfieer, Philadelphia V.Vier mission of Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Charles II. McLauty, Assistant Manager ;v Dept., Philadelphia, Pa. of Safety, Texas l'owcr & Light Co., Dallas, Texas; Asiidy B. Randolph, Manager of Safely, Consolidated Cas Supply Corp., Clarksburg, West Va.; Gerald R. Thomas, Safety Director, Columbus & Southern Ohio Electric Co., Columbus, Ohio. Canadian Electrical Association--WAnniiN L. Clifton, Director of Accident ! r- . .a'... Ontario Hydro-Electric Power Coinnrissinn, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Audio-Visual Aids Committee--Vern A. Sielert (Chairman), Safety Manager, General Telephone Co. of California, Santa Monica, Calif.; John Ritiimiller (Vice Chairman), Stall Safety Engineer, Lumbermens Mutual Casually Co., Chicago, 111.: IIazen E. Spaulding, Safety Director, Central Vermont Public Service Corp., Rutland, Vt.; K. C. Goodwin, General Saletv Advisor, Consumers Power Co., Jackson, Mich.; Frank Si'S- tf.llo, Jn., Employee Relations, Safety & Claims Superintendent, Reading Gas Division, -. : : National Job Training ir Safety Association--Ernest G. Shearer, Safety Director, tubaa! Statewide Rural Electric Cooperative Assn., Indianapolis, Ind. Pest General Chairmen--1957-58, J. E. Appel; 1958-S9, E. M. Chase (Ret.); It!.". 1 R. S. Lowe (Ret.); 1960-01, R. E. McEldowney, Jr.; 1901-02, V. I,. V/if-mu . 1982-63, Eiiroll Duniiah (Ret.); 1963-01, Paul Windsor; Jtitil Oil, T. V. (Deceased); 1965-66, W. L. Clifton; 1968-67, C. Schweickart. i: United Ge- T-nprovcmcnt Co., Reading, Pa.; Roiif.rt J. Owens, Safety Engineer, Pacific Cas & Eli Co., San Francisco, Calil. Staff Representation--Ralph M. Coe, National Safety Council, 125 N. Miele' cago, Illinois 60611. , - p 1067 National Safety Congress l\ai!roa<! V OFFICERS OF THE nAimOAB SECTION NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1967-1968 General Chairman--D. K. Milled, The Southern PaciGc Co., San I'rancisco, Calif. Nominations and Elections Committee--*T. L. Hildebrand (Chainnan), Soo Line Rru'nv'i Co., Minneapolis, Minn.; *W. V. Hays (Vice Chainnan), New York Central System, York, N. Y.; D. P. Russell, Canadian Railway Co., Montreal, Que., Canada. Program Committee--R. P. Little (Chainnan), Elgin, Joliet & Eastern Ry. Co., FI.; J. L. Younc (Vice Chairman), Southern Pacific Co. (T & L Lines), Houston, Texas; I. T Bannerman, Canadian National Railways, Montreal, Que., Canada; G. M. Covrr, ('< i; Ry. Co. of Chicago, Chicago, 111.; J. T. Andrew, Great Northern Railway, St. Fan!, Mi-.:.; J. C. Mackenzie, The Alaska Railroad, Anchorage, Alaska. 'Tv Chainnan -W. \V. Osuoiike, Norfolk & Western Ry. Co., ltoauoke, Va. Publications Committee--N. J. Andrews (Chainnan), Illinois Central Railmad, (:l Vice Chairman--R. P. Little, Elgin, Joliet & Eastern Ry. Co., Joliet, III. W. J. McPiollits (Vice Chainnan), Union R. R. Co., E. Pittsburgh, l'a.; S. W. M vick. Great Northern Ry. Co., St Paul, Minn.; O. W. Smith, Grand Trunk Wester:! I'M. St creiant and Newsletter Editor--It. A. Lindedeh, St. Louis--San Francisco Ry. Co., Spring Co., Detroit, Mich.; Roy S. Eno, Denver & Rio Grande Western H. R. Cn., I> ii-.. r, field, Mo. i F Training Committee-J. C. Buckingham (Chairman), Lehigh Valley R. R. Co., Bellilehtm, Associate Newsletter Editors--Canada: *D. P. Russell, Canadian Pacific Railway Co., Mon-; treal, Que., Canada; Southwest: R. S. Van Ness, Chicago, Burlington & Quincy R. K.! Co., Ottumwa, la.; East: W. C. L.vhaway, The Delaware & Hudson Railroad Co., Al bany, N. Y.; West: H. A. Hopkins, Missouri PaciGc Ry.-T.&PJIy., St. Louis, Mo; Central: D. D. Baird, Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Ry., Chicago, 111.; Southeast: R. L fi;.i Pa.; D. D. Baird (Vice Chairman), Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Ry., Cliicago, III.; 'T. L. Hildebrand, Soo Line R. R. Co., Minneapolis, Minn.; J. G. Beldham, Toron'.o, Hamilton & Buffalo Ry. Co., Hamilton, Out. Canada; W. V. Hayes, New York System, New York, N. Y.; W. R. Bbown, Lake Region, Norfolk & Western Ily. Co., '.'I v . land, Ohio; K. L. Patrick, Chicago & North Western Ry., Chicago, 111. Milled, Western Lines, Southern Railway System, Knoxville, Tenn. Staff Representative--L. W. Dutton, National Safety Council, 425 N. Michigan Av\, : Research and Contest Committee--E. D. IIarville (Chairman), Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Lines, Chicago, 111.; E. II. Bleweu (Vice Chairman), New York Central System. eago, IQ. 606II . t Cleveland, Ohio; W. C. Ladaway, The Delaware & Hudson Railroad Co., Albany, N. L; 'Put General Chairman L. R. Tilly, l'coria and Pekin Union Ry. Co., Fcoria, 111.; G. M. Dyer, Jn., Kentucky k Indiana Terminal R. It. Co., Louisville, Ky. Audio Visual Aids Committee--hi. M. Eciiols (Chairman), Western Region, Norfolk &, Western Ry. Co., St. Louis, Mo.; C. W. Bailey (Vice Chairman), Duluth, Missabe Aiwa Range Ry. Co., Proctor, Minn.; L. E. Wall, Illinois Central Railroad, Chicago, III.; E. G. Husk, The Pullman Co., Chicago, 111.; H. A. Hill, Richmond, Fredericksburg & Potomac R. 11. Co., Rielimond, Va. : Railroad Highway Traffic Safety Committee--C. J. Baiuiy (Chairman), Chicago, Milwaukee; St. Paul & Pacific R. R. Co., Chicago, 111.; D. F. Gifford (Vico Chairman), Chicago ; Great Western R. R. Co., Oehvein, Iowa; *H. C. Daulton, The Louisville & NadiviSe 1 R. R. Co., Louisville, Ky.; II. E. Shauchnessey, Erie-Lackawanna R. R. Co., Cleveland, Ohio; D. P. Russell, Cnnadian Pacific Railway Co., Montreal, Que., Canada; *W. V. Hayes, New York Central System, New York, N. Y. Home and Off-the-]ob Committee--J. L. Younc (Chairman), Southern Pacific Co. (T&L Lines), Houston, Texas; W. B. Groome (Vice Chainnan), Union Pacific Railroad, Oma ha, Nebr.; B. M. Deaved, Kansas City Southern Lines, Shreveport, La.; R. W. Bowll\ Bessemer & Lake Erie R. R., Greenville, Pa. ; membership Committee--F. R. Ellis (Chainnan), Reading Ry. Co., Reading Pa.; C. E. Gajvcelon (Vice Chainnan), Bangor & Aroostook R. R. Co., Bangor, Maine; R. G Lindquist, Northern Pacific Ry. Co., St. Paul, Minn.; J. H. Gilfillan, Chicago Rod Island & Pacific R. R. Co., Kansas City, Kans.; S. E. Cavaliedi, New York, New Hava & Hartford R. R. Co., New Haven, Conn.; C. A. Bidce, Jr., Missouri-Kansas-Texas R. B. Co., Denison, Texas; J. L. Young, Southern Pacific Co., (T&L Lines), Houston, Texas; W. J. M ~ uLLirs, Union R. It. Co., E. Pittsburgh, Pa. er\ OFFICERS OF THE WOOD PRODUCTS SECTION NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1967-68 Ccncrcl Chairman--Roy F. Powell, Potlach Forests, Inc., Warren, Ark. Vice Chairman ir Program Chairman--K. L. Gipson, Georgia Pacific Corp., Portland, Ore. Newsletter Editor-C. R. Rustemeyeh, Canadian Forest Products Ltd., Vancouver, B. C., Canada. Secretary and Membership Chairman--Howard A. Cunns, Simpson Timber Co., Shelton, Wash. Sawmilling Committee--Denton Shell (Chairman), Tremont Lumber Co., Joyce, La.; *W. M. Allison, Council of the Forest Industries, Vancouver, B. C., Canada; J. A. Bain, Arkansas Dept, of Labor, Little Rock, Ark.; `James Ghady, Western Wood Products Assn., Portland, Ore.; S. L. Crecory, Pope & Talbot, Inc., Portland, Ore.; Ralph Hardinc, International Paper Co., Long Bell Div., Amboy, Wash.; Louis B. Hoelsciier, Weyer haeuser Co., Tacoma, Wash.; Charles II. Jones, Michigan Mutual Liability Insurance Co., Chicago, III.; Lionel Landry, Southern Pine Assn., New Orleans, La.; Geokce Nonius, Council of the Forest Industries, Vancouver, B. C., Canada; Louis Posey, Dia mond National Co., Northwest Lumber Div., Cocnr d' Alcne, Idaho; `Thomas L. Ras mussen, The Connor Lumber & Land Co., Laona, Wis.; Steve Schubert, Dicrks Forests, Inc., Ilot Springs, Ark.; `E. A. Roles, Weyerhaeuser Co., Longview, Wash. Logging Committee--W. Netteuville (Chairman), Southern Timber Operations, Crown Zellcrbach Corp., Bogalusa, La.; J. A. Brown, MacMillan, Ulocdcl and Powell lri'or, Ltd., Vancouver, B. C., Canada; `Joe T. Dunlop, Dicrks Forests Inc., DeQueen, Ark.; R. K. Lewis, Rayonier Inc., Hoquiam, Wash.; jEnnY Measel, Herman Wilson Lumber Co., Leola, Ark.; F. J. Muscutt, Timber Operators Council, Portland, Ore.; *T. E. North, Rayonier Canada Ltd., Vancouver, B. C., Canada; Haywood Nutt, Roy 0. Martin Lumber Co., Alexandria, La.; G. R. Potts, Forest Products Accident Prev. Assn., Toronto, Ont., Canada; A. F. RonniNs, Crown Zellerbach Corp., Portland, Ore.; Jons Turceon, Quebec Lumber Industries Safety Assn., Quebec.City, Quc., Canada; Fred Wade, Northern Interior Lumbermens Assn., Prince Ccorge, B. C., Canada; IIariiy Zweig, St. Regis Paper Co., Tacoma, Wash. * . Veneer and Plywood Committee-E. E. Sutherlin (Chairman), Georgia Pacific Corp., Crossett, Ark.; J. S. Bowman, United States Champion Plywood Corp., New York; N. Y.; Stanley Butcher, Bureau of Labor Standards, U. S. Dept, of Labor, Washington, D. C.; D. L. Cameron, Hartford Insurance Croup, Pine Bluff, Ark,; Harry L. Duncan, United States Champion Plywood Corp., Atlanta, Ga.; Stovall Farmer, Georgia Pacific Corp., Crossett, Ark.; L. W. Hacerup, Lumbermens Mutual Casualty Co., Chicago, 111.; Jam Mealey, Employers Insurance of Wausau, Portland, Ore.; William Neller, Hay Div., Wcldwood of Canada Ltd., Woodstock, Ont., Canada; Wayne Parker, Hunt Lumber Co., Inc., Ruston, La. Gus R. Phillips, Georgia Pacific Corp., Augusta, Ga.; `Ernie H. Rees es, Forest Products Accident Prevention Assn., Toronto, Ont., Canada; R. G. Smith, Cascades Div., U. S. Champion Plywood Corp., Lebanon, Ore. , i! : i f \ , ( j Furniture and Millwork CommiUce-lionwr J. Dunnacan (Chairman), Ninth (: .1 d'i: Dept, of Labor, Winston-Salem, N. C.; V. K. Anderson, Kroehler Mnnulnciuring Binghamton, N. Y.; James M. Blandford, Consolidated Underwriters, Kansas City. Mu; *R. C. CniLDnEss, Cooperage Div., National Distillers Products Co., Memphis, 'l<v. 1.; Roy E. Johnson, Kroehler Manufacturing Co., Kankakee, 111.; `IIf.ru A. Lmiyk:, Employers Insurance of Wausau, Wausau, Wls.; Pete Lea, United Fumilin .' Corp., Lexington, N. C.; Barry Holliday, Hickory Manufacturing Co., Hickory, N. C.; George Schneider, Andersen Coip., Bayport, Minn.; I. W. Siiutt, Jos. E. Seagram & Sons, Inc., New York, N. Y.; W. D. Williams, Kroehler Manufacturing Co. of Kcistucliy, Loui'.viM-::, Ky. Liaison with Cooperage Association--I. W. Siiutt, Jos. E. Seagram & Sons, Ire., Hv.v Tori;, N. Y. Coordinator-Cameron Award--*Thomas L. Rasmussen, The Connor Lumber & Lsml Co., Laona, Wis, ' ** Nominating Committee--'`Thomas L. Rasmussen (Chairman), The Connor Lumber k Lend Co., Laona, Wls.; `James Grady, Western Wood Products Assn., Portland, Or.'.; CJ. S. Bowman, U. S. Champion Plywood Coip., New York, N. Y. Staff Representative--Edward J. Sedlacet, National Safety Council, 425 N. Michigan Ave., Chicago, Illinois 60611. `Past General Chabman. 1 r V- OFFICERS OF THE TEXTILE SECTION NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1967-68 General Chninuan--I. M. Davidson, Division Engineering Manager, American Mutual Insurance Companies, Atlanta, Ca. Vice Chairman--Lymah Cunnincham, Safety Director, E. T. Barwick Mills, Inc., LaFayette, Ca. Seerciary--Bruno J. Dycdon, Personnel Administrator, Joanna Western Mills Co., Chi cago, 111. Newsletter Editor--James F. Jones, Asst, to Manager, Engineering Dept., American Mu tual Insurance Companies, Atlanta, Ga. Engineering and Health Committee--S. L. Sxvearencin (Chairman), Supervisor Safety and Plant Protection, Filler Industries, Inc., Salisbury, N. C.; *A. E. Connelly, Safety Supervisor, E. I. dul'ont do Nemours and Co., Martinsville, Vn.; W. E. Vinson, Amer ican Mutual Insurance Companies, Atlanta, Ga. education and Training Committee--Fiied L. Tiiackston (Chairman), Claims Adjuster, Abney Mills, Anderson, S. C.j Raymond E. Mack, Safety Supervisor, Firestone Textiles, Inc., Castonia, N. C.; Mns. Olive 13. Coolidce, Personnel Manager, Doughboy Plastics Production, Inc., West Helena, Ark.; W. P. Giueu, Jn., Springs Mills, Inc., Fort Mill, S. C. 'lembership Committee--VmciL Eackles, Division Safety Director, Bcaunit Fibers, Re search Triangle Park, N. C.; Fiied Deiuuck, Safety Supervisor, South Carolina Industrial Commission, Columbia, S. C.; "II. S. Baucom, Director of Safety', North Carolina Industiial Commission, Raleigh, N. C. Synthetic Fiber Committee--"Rodert I. BAiin (Chairman), Safety Supervisor, IRC Fibeu Div., Midland-Ross Corp., Paincsville, Ohio; "B. S. Strenctii, Safety Supervisor Mon santo Company, Greenuood, S. C. Cotton Coining Committee--Rodeut Collins (Clrainnan), Executive Vice President, Arkansas-Missouri Cotton Giuners Assn., West Mempliis, Ark.; Annum B. Bond, EducaFen Specialist, Production & Marketing Div., National Cotton Council, Memphis, Tenn.; Veunon P. Moore, Engineer in Charge, U. S. D. A. Ginning Research Lab., Leland, Mi Ainu n M. Pendleton, Extension Agricultural Engineer, Dallas, Texas. O.f-Thc-Job Committee--Charles L. Tiiommeii (Chairman), Corporate Safety Director, Mohasco Industries, Inc., Amsterdam, N. Y.; Cuy BooKEn, Safety Supervisor, Monsanto Company, Pensacola, Fla. lira Committee--John M. McAlpine (Chairman), Supervisor of Safety and Plant Pro- tcctior, Celanese Fibers Company, Rock Hill, S. C.; "Forrest N. Petty, Safety and Benefits, Dan Ri Mis, Inc., Danville, Va. Publicity and Association Committee--*Clenn C. Fleming (Chairman), r>-p Director, Celanese Corporation of America, Charlotte, N. C.; *Muv Iim C An ' to Director of Personnel, Collins & Aikman Corp., Albemarle, N. C. i Rules and Regulations Committee-W. C. Creel (Clrainnan), Safety Din t ier, NmF, Carolina Dept, of Labor, Raleigh, N. C. ' Contest Committee--eE. L. Fermenter (Chairman), Senior Div. Service Representative, Loss Prevention Dept., Liberty Mutual Insurance Co., Spartanburg, S. C.; R. W. Lv.ir, Jn., Plant Manager, P.F.M. Division, Johns-Manviilc Products Corp., Maishvillc, H. C. Nomination Committee-Guy A. Booker, Safety Supervisor, Monsanto Company, Textiles Div., Pensacola, Fla.; B. S. Strenctii, Safety Supervisor, Monsanto Company, Ti-xiiCs Div., Greenwood, S. C.; Mrs. Ida C. Ayers, Asst, to Director of Personnel, Cellin': , Aikman Corp., Albemarle, N. C. f Advisory Committee-B. S. Strength; Guy A. Booker; Mns. Ida C. Ayers; A. E. Co r- nelly; Forrest N. Petty; E. L. Fermenter; H. S. Baucom; C. L. Trommi a- It. I. Baiui; Glenn G. Fleminc; John G. Sayers. . Staff Representative-Thomas F. Powers, National Safety Council, 425 North Mi,!,:- ,, Ave., Chicago, III. G0011 *Past General Chairman i.