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To: R. R. Graham From: G. D. Boyd" CELANESE CHEMICAL COMPANY Chemcel Plant Bishop, Texas GDB-71-80 September 8, 1980 Laboratory Department Summary August, 1980 Chemical J. J. Fritsch, Jr. W. H. Brough R. R. Carpenter J. Chervenka K. G. Gallimore B. P. Hanson J. M. Hodges R. W. James B. C. Kerr C. W. Lee D. E. Lockwood R. P. Lowry A. G. McGehee D. G. Pausky G. R. Scholz D. D. Siemonsma W. L. Sharp H. H. Thigpen W. H. Meyer Bishop Files Distribution Plastics A. C. Abshier R. G. Brandt R. L. Bunkley H. L. Davis H. W. Hill E. Munoz E. J. Heinz CCCTC G. J. Fisher W. E. Heinz W. T. McNair Central Files (2) J. N. Gann, "Bay City J. E. Sanborn, Bayport Terminal J. W. Dunn, Clear Lake T. H. Golson, Dallas A. J. Branecky, Edmonton W. H. Tuke, Pampa F. B. McAndres, Summit J. Zitomer, Summit 003380 File: 303.3 CELANESE CHEMICAL COMPANY Chemcel Plant Bishop, Texas To: R. R. Graham From: G. D. Boyd GDB-71-80 September 8, 1980 Laboratory Department Summary August, 1980 A summary of each Groups' Monthly Report is attached. Section I contains a summary of the Quality Assurance and Analytical Group activities with tables of analytical statistics, shipments, quality waivers, quality complaints and sample shipping statistics. Section II describes the status of Special Prob lems Groups and Staff Chemist projects by Chemist assignment. A table listing the priorities, justifications, estimated completion dates of current Special Problems projects and a graph of the Laboratory Effort Analysis is also in cluded in Section II. GDB:j r G. 003381 GDB-71-80 Page Two September 8, 1980 I. ANALYTICAL GROUP Competitive Evaluations The following competitive Products were received during August; Union Carbide - Normal Butyl alcohol and Iso Butyraldehyde, Texas Eastman - Normal Butyraldehyde and Iso Butyraldehyde, Georgia Pacific and Air Products Methyl alcohol and Hercules Mono and Tech grade Pentaerythritol. Competitive product reports will be issued as analyses are completed. Methanol Oxidation (MO) The MO Unit requested and was provided analytical support to determine the cause of high iron levels in the MO-IV product. The cause was traced to higher-than-normal levels of iron in the methanol feed to MO-IV. Metalose analyses were provided for the Special Problems Group "Formal dehyde Stabilizer Study." The purpose of the analyses was to determine if polyvinyl alcohol, in the new polyvinyl alcohol/metalose stabilizer system, interferes with the present method of Metalose analysis. Oxo-Butyraldehyde (BuH) Propylene-Special analytical coverage was provided for the Oxo Unit startup. The Propylene pipeline was again placed in service. Two samples of the pipeline propylene were received and analyzed by the Instrument Lab. Both samples met our purchase specifications for propylene. Polyol Trimethylolpropane (TMP) - Extensive analyses and overtime were provided this month because of TMP acid problems. The acid ranged from 0.001 to 0.007 (spec. 0.002 wt.% max.). Samples of the Butyraldehyde feed and the Formalde hyde feed were monitored for high acid levels. No specific cause of the prob lem has been established. Work continues. Pentaerythritol (PE) - Hot and cold Sulfuric color determinations were made on the PE cake in support of the Special Problems project to develop.a. system to monitor PE reaction conversion. Safety. Health and Environment (S.H.E.) Numerous samples were analyzed for the new S.H.E. group. The work in cluded samples of San Fernando Creek, standing water around the Plant and water from old cooling tower basins. Manpower was also furnished for obtain ing samples. 003382 GDB-71-80 Page Three Sepcember 8, 1980 Special Analytical Services PE-Monitor (F. R. Dow, B. Wise)- In the July Monthly Summary Di-PE content of the PE Monitor was reported as 8.2 wt.%. Since that report was issued, additional comparisons of Di-PE trapped by L.C. and the Canadian Di-PE standard has shown that the PE Monitor contains 8.7 rather than 8.2 wt.% Di-PE. This value is very near the 8.9 wt.% Di-PE that has been re ported by Edmonton since the late 1960's. Comparison of the Canadian standard with L.C. trapped Di-PE shows that the Canadian standard is 95.2 rather than 98.8 wt.% Di-PE. This project will continue until the PE Monitor Di-PE value is firmly established. PE-Competitive (F. R. Dow) _ Samples of competitive PE from Hercules and Mobil are expected soon. The Di and Tri content of these samples are of special interest. Quality of Plant Air (F. R. Dow)- Instrumentation to monitor Plant air quality in Boiler house #2 has been installed. Actual operation has not started due to delays caused by the hurricane and Plant problems. Amines in Competitive MeOH (J. E. Russell)- The instrument used to analyze amines in-MEOH is-being tuned so t:har__rhe. Competirivp MpQH study may be completed. The data on all the samples should be gathered by the first week in September. Characterization of Solar Ponds (J. E. Russell)- The Lab is embarking on a study to characterize the contaminants in our Solar Ponds. Analytical methods and sampling techniques are being worked on at this time. Projects Pending 1. Continue evaluation of Liquid Chromatograph and train Laboratory personnel in its use. 2. Use L.C. to check composition of PE standard and upgrade analysis if required. 3. Organize and present an Atomic. Absorption course for-Laboratory technicians. 4. Install purchased Capillary G.C. and scan Plant products for ap plicability. 003383 GDB-71-80 Page Four September 8, 1980 5. Complete Plant air quality study. 6. Amine level determination in Celanese and competitive methyl alcohol. 7. Characterization of Solar Pond effluent. Analytical Group General The temporary summer employees, B. Botard and L. McDonald terminated their employment to return to college. A utilization report will be issued. Three professionals and three technicians from the Analytical Group at tended a two day, in-house seminar on G.C. and L.C. maintenance and trouble shooting. The seminar was presented by Varian Instruments personnel and was very well received. A Varian presentation on general chromatography utili zation, column selection and methodology is planned for the near future. Standard Quality Notice forms (as opposed to Certificate of Analysis) have been prepared for all Plant products and are being used on a routine basis. A time savings for clerical staff is being realized. The Laboratory was shutdown, coordinating with the Plant shutdown for Hurricane Allen,--from-August 8,--1SL8D DM to-Augnst. 11 f_ 1980 AM___Minpr.damage. . to hood exhaust vents on the roof has been repaired and all Laboratory systems are functioning. The decision was made to implement the purchased solutions-preject. -Ready made reagent solutions for use in both the Laboratory and the Units will be pur chased from the La Mar Ka Company of Baton Rouge, Louisiana. Quality, cost and service will be closely monitored and reported upon for.a trial period. J. E. Russell transferred to the Analytical Group on August 20, 1980 from Special Problems. Customer Complaints August 7, L980 - Xenn. Eastman, Kingsport Xenn.. r -Para.. Flake, r 132 x 300 lb. cartons. - lumps in product plugged feeding lines. Customer used product. Valid complaint based on returned samples. August 12, 1980 - 3M Co., Newark, N.J. - Para Flake, 8650 x 50 lb. bags 1 to lh inch lumps would not dissolve in reaction. All material to be returned to Plant. Valid complaint. 003384 GDB-71-80 Page Five September 8, 1980 Waivers and Delays Delays - None this month. Waivers - August 4, 1980 - Molten TMP to Hatco Chemical - Heyden, N.J 20M gal. tankcar - Acid at 0.003 wt.% versus 0.002 max. specification. August 15, 1980 - 50% HCHO to Reichold Chemical - Kansas City, Kansas 2 x 20M gal. tankcars - Customer agreed to take off-test HCHO inventory. August 19, 1980 - Molten TMP to Hatco Chemical - Heyden, N. J. 20M gal. tankcar - Acid at 0.003 wt.% versus 0.002 max. specification. ANALYTICAL STATISTICS Sample Count Chemical Section Instrument Section Total August 3748 1688 5436 August Y-T-D 36871 18689 55560 Technician Overtime Chemical Section Instrument Section Total / 8 15 546 247 793 Previous Y-T-D 39165 21082 60247 573 377 950 003385 GDB-71-80 Page Six September 8, 1980 Sample Shipping and Quality Assurance Statistics Statistics For August.19 80 Shipping Domestic Export Plastics Other Month Total 57 4 5 5 71 YTD 532 20 60 55 667 Previous YTD 560 23 13 64 660 Quality Assurance Statistics Shipments (NO.of Orders) Delayed Twra,lvl(iellr_s. Internal -- External Comolaints (Total) Conrolaints (Legitimate) Complaints (Non-Legitimate) Complaints - Outstanding (Unresolved) Mnnrh_________ 448 0 0 3 2 2 0 0 YTD________ _____ Previous YTD 5991 3 7313 27 67 7 23 26 40 11 15 15 24 01 003386 GDB-71-80 Page Seven September 8, 1980 Methanol Oxidation, Formaldehyde Blending ______ T. A. Jasek MO Silver Catalyst Screening (Jasek) - A test shipment (10 oz.) of silver catalyst needles were received from RefineMet International for evaluation. Laboratory sinter test was "good". A sample was sent to the Tech Center for evaluation in the micro unit. Results indicate that the catalyst is comparable to H & H in terms of efficiency. A letter recommending a Plant trial will be issued. 1 G.C./M.O. Reactor (Jasek) - No progess due to priorities. Crude Methanol Plant Trial (Jasek) - Evaluation of the resin from the Crude Methanol to MO-IV Plant Trial was completed. Results, obtained at two different vertical locations in the resin bed, were inconsistent. Therefore, the level of exhaustion of the entire bed could not be determined. However, all samples showed at least 50% of the initial capacity for iron of the new resin. HCHO Stabilizer Studies (Day) - Attempts to quick-freeze gallon samples of formaldehyde have been discontinued. Samples to customers will be shipped in quart bottles instead. Quart bottles are easier to -freeze, easier to. thaw, and in general, easier to handle than gallon jugs. Studies are underway to evaluate the stability of quick-frozen HCHO samples after being "thawed". Work is -in-progress' ter 'determine-'the-1 evel--af--Peiyvirnyi-aleoho-l--(RVOH)--in-~-terference with Metalose analytical methods. Analysis of PVOH/Metalose mix tures in water show no interference, yet PVOH/metalose mixtures in formaldehyde show some interference. Work continues. Formaldehyde stability samples in a 40C oven are being monitored daily to repeat/reproduce previous work. MO Unit Support (Jasek, Presley, Russell) - The Laboratory conducted several analytical AMR's during the last month. These are illustrated in the Table below: Date. MO Unit/Train Analytical AMR Indicated 12 Aug 80 1l Aug 80 13 Aug 80 18 Aug 80 29 Aug 80 II III/A IV /A IV /A IV/B IV/B III/B IV/A IV/A IV/B 0.60 1.59 1.24 0.73-0.76 0.60 0.69 0.77 0.97 0.94 0.74 0.84 0.88 1.10 0.98-0.99 0.90-0.91 0.80-0.81 0.88-0.92 1.10-1.12 0.95-0.98 1.05-1.10 0.78-0.83 0.94-0.96 1.06-1.10 1.00-1.06 003387 GDB-71-80 Page Eight September 8, 1980 Utilities, BOD S. G. Smith, P. G. Welling, G. R. Stasney Anaerobic-Aerobic Pilot Studies Effects of NaOH Addition to Anaerobic Recvcle(Smith) - A report detailing this work has been issued, SGS-33-80. Operations Manual (Smith) - Assistance has beeni provided to Process Engineering concerning the process variable section of the BOD II Operations Manual. Input has also been provided concerning startup and shutdown pro cedures for the unit. Effluent Component Analysis (Smith) - The study to analytically define major components in Bishop effluent streams and across the waste treatment unit has begun. Current work includes a preliminary look at polyol sump components. No conclusive results to report as yet. Start Up Studies/Upflow Velocity Study (Smith, Welling, Stasney) - Two anaerobic-aerobic units are being run to further study the switch from the present aerobic waste treatment system to the future anaerobic-aerobic treat ment system . Also being investigated are the effects of upflow velocity on filter startup and gradual solids accumulation in the filter bed. Filter #2 is being run at an upflow velocity of 1-2 ft/hr (to maintain the 10:1 recycle to feed ratio), while filter #3 is being held at an upflow velocity of 10 ft/ hr (to simulate the upflow expected in the commercial unit). Organic loading to both filters has been gradually increased to 0.075 lbs/ft3/day. Both fil ters were shutdown on August 8th due to Hurricane Allen and started back up on August 12th at a slightly reduced org-anic--loading. - Filter it3 has shown. . gas-make since the 7th day of startup, working gradually up to a kinetic ef ficiency of 40% as of August 28th. Filter it2 has been plagued by mechanical difficulties (recycle pump and wet test meter malfunctions) so that gas-make was not detected until August 26th. As of August 28th the kinetic efficiency was 28%. it3 anaerobic outfalls ran from 500 to 700 ppm and COD removal ef ficiencies of 80 to 85% were recorded, it2 has had CODs of 200 to 800 ppm and removal efficiencies of 79 to 94%. After aerobic polishing, at a.detention time of 3.5 days, the outfall CODs have run <160 on both filters. Solar Pond Treatability Study (Welling, Stasney) - Work has begun to determine the extent to which Solar Pond "organics" can be reduced by bio logical oxidation. - - - - Utilities-Support- -/P.res-ley-,.-Bustaba.dv .F.rankenhauser) August 28. 001 outfall showed Total Suspended Solids (TSS) >60 mg/. Analysis of the solids showed them to be primarily Calcium CarbonateT-(CaC03) and silica (SiOz) . A probable cause of recent high TSS was traced to a leak in the caustic tank - used-'g^-ramse-^thg-ptl- of~frhe--fwne--T&S--4amed*ttfc^>fcafctac*.rh<u,ftausrj,r , leak was 332 mg/ at a pH Ml. No solids were noted above the caustic leak. At pH 11 CaC03 originating from the lime pits would precipitate. 003388 GDB-71-80 Page Nine September 8, 1980 Sulfuric acid is added downstream of the caustic to lower the pH of the front ditch when necessary. Acid was being added during the problem period to bring the pH of the ditch to 'W. This is not low enough pH, however, to put CaC03 back into solution. The caustic leak has since been repaired and TSS in 001 outfall is currently <60 mg/2.. In addition, 1980 001 outfall TSS values have been plotted vs. corres ponding 101 outfall COD values. Results of this work shows that TSS is in dependent of COD i.e., not related to VSS carryover from the BOD unit clari fier. Oxo, Butanol J. D. Presley Reactor Stability/Accountability (Presley) - The Oxo reactor was started up with fresh catalyst in mid-August. During the catalyst formation the water concentration in the reactor was monitored as a precaution against rhodium precipitation. The water was stripped from the reactor each time it approached 0.5 wt.%. The catalyst charge took approximately 16 hours to prepare. The BuH and TPP concentrations were also monitored. The levels ranged 28-31 wt.% and 30-34 wt.%,respectively. The Dowtherm used in the catalyst start-up mixture is now down to about 10 wt.%. Reactor composition since start-up has been erratic. This is believed due to control difficulties at the "present i-ow-prodaccimv rarresv ------- - Rhodium Accountability (Presley) - Rhodium accountability for this Run (Run VII) on August 19, 1980 was 99.4%. To date, rhodium losses in T-210 residue have not been calculated. Improved Rhodium Recovery (Presley) - Lack of a "fresh" source of old catalyst has prompted preparation of a standard-solution for the third phase of the extraction project, autoclave testing. The standard solution is a composite of the last few months of reactor samples from Run VI. Work continues. Oxo Unit Support (Presley) - Analytical support was provided for the Oxo Unit start-up. Reactor composition was monitored closely during the catalyst formation for Run VII. _ of the amine-contamination from-Run-'VI -catalyst.--Itr-is hoped thae-removal-of the 'amine 'will retufn'-tKe _caeaiys't~to'-its_"pre'=conramiiielCT<3Tr-acriVity. Atpcremrs silver, Ag+ (as the nitrate) and sodium, Na+ (as the nitrite) have been tested for amine removal ability. Results indicate the "hardness" of the ions tested was insufficient to effect amine removal. Aluminum, Al+3 (as the nitrate) and others will be tested when more catalyst sample is available. 003389 GDB-71-80 Page Ten September 8, 1980 Methanol Synthesis J. C. Bustabad MS-II Unit Support (Bustabad) - Levels of MEA contaminant in approximately 100M gallons of crude and approximately 230M gallons of finished product methanol were determined by titration. These levels ranged from 0.2 - 300 ppm by weight. Samples of T-288 from various trays were titrated to determine MEA levels. Re sults showed that T-288 was effective in separating MeOH and MEA. 1 MS-III Unit Support (Russell, Presley) - The Laboratory provided analyti cal support during startup of the 2MM and 5MM Girdlers. The MEA systems for both units suffered residual contamination from an earlier foaming agent in cident. Upon initial startup, the MEA showed excessive foaming, necessitating a MeOH wash of the system. After extensive washing and steaming, the units came up with no problems. An intermediate solution to the problem was attempted and was unsuccessful. The addition of GE-60 Antifoam proved successful at reducing the foaming for a short period of time only. A letter will be issued documenting those results. Environmental Health C. E. Gary, K. V. Parker The results of monitoring ABI personnel for soluble compounds as nickel during Selas reformer catalyst loading showed no exposure exceeded the present ACGIH TLV's (8 hr TWA-0.1 mg/M3and STEL-0.3 mg/M3). The actual range was 0.000 -0.021 mg/M3. (CEG-24-80, KVP-02-80) Analysis by Draeger tubes around the perimeter of a lime pit during clean out by Steve's Oilfield Services showed a range of 1.0-1.5 ppm H2S (ACGIH STEL/ 10 min-15 ppm). (CEG-27-80, KVP-03-80). Sampling continues on the formaldehyde exposure survey. (estimated com pletion date, 9-15-80) (KVP) Experimental work using long-term Draeger tubes to determine-carbon mon oxide 8 hr.TWA's was suspended 8-13-80 waiting on supplies. The equipment was received 8-28-80. (CEG) The determination of respirable dust exposures has begun. Equipment checkout and technique refinement. continues -..(.CEG)............ .. ,, The evaluat ion o f- -a - proprietmry-forma1dehyde-<owidirzing-.<*liitionu.-(.Morvte.ll -- Co.'s Hyde-Away) was completed. Repeated treatments of-an atmosphere contain ing approximately 30 ppm-HCHO reduced the--level to-app-roximaeely 13-ppm--after 40 minutes. Treatments of an atomosphere containing 6.5-7 ppm HCHO reduced the level to 2-4 ppm after 20 minutes. (CEG) A survey of the Laboratory showed two areas of high formaldehyde exposure. Corrective measures have been recommended. (CEG) 003390 GDB-71-80 Page Eleven September 8, 1980 1,3-Butylene Glycol B. K. Huelle, P. J. Buras Unit Support (Huelle) - None provided. Improved Aldol Condensation and AcH Recovery (Buras) - No progress due to priorities. Acetates, Paraform, Formcel Products R. L. Day Unit Support (Day) - None provided due to higher priority work. Diacetone Alcohol B. K. Huelle Unit Support (Huelle) - None provided. Pentaerythritol L. M. Harvey, D. R. Akin, B. K. Huelle, P. J. Buras Recovery of PE from VCI Centrate (Harvey) - The proposed alternative of extracting-a mixture-of- VCL-Ca&t.rate -and- R-.-.WIP_recycle-jttith_n-Hexanol ap-.._ pears to be as efficient or better for all major PE impurities than the ex traction of PE AML with n-Hexanol. This conclusion is based on comparisons-, of shake-out studies on both proposed processes. Two continuous runs will be made for the Centrate^WIP exc'racrcoir~as~ing-n-`Hexanol--solvent ~*rarioa- o-f-J : 1and 1:3 (n-Hexanol : Centrate-WIP) in early September to verify this conclusion. Analytical support was provided to CCCTC personnel involved in the laboratory demonstration of the final design for the AML extractor and back extractors. Analyses were done to supply material balance data for.labora tory runs. Hazardous Waste Characteristics of VCI Centrate (Buras) - Analysis of a sample of centrate for heavy metals was completed. The concentration of specified metals was below the maximum allowed for the characteristic of EP Toxicity. A letter was written (PJB-32-80) stating that in our judgement, VCI Centrate does -not-exhibit-the-hazardous, waste .characteristics of ignitability, corrosivity, reactivity, or EP toxicity.as defined by.EPA. Entrainment in HCHO Stripping Column (Buras) - Modifications to T-286 includirrg'tray Tep~lacements-and-convera-iot^-ffom--a-1-9--so- a' 26--i-ray arHppor were completed in July. Operations found indications that PE was being efttralhed 'overhead in` T-286 ftrtlowi-ng sta'rttfp"'OTT~AagtisC'A,"i*988-5~-ena-ivequet-ed---* that the Laboratory determine the actual entrainment rate. No significant entrainment was found with the feed nozzle on tray 23. 003391 GDB-71-80 Page Twelve September 8, 1980 PE Formal Hydrolysis (Akin) - Studies continued using ion exchange resins as co-catalysts with a continuously fed strong acid. Amberlyst 15 has a resin bed-life of 83 days to present. The resin still appears to have good activity and further activity-life tests will continue through September. The effects of varying sodium concentration, acid concentration, and residence time are being studied for Amberlyst 15. Mechanical diffi culties accounted for the low exposure time for the month. Development of a System to Monitor PE Reaction Conversion (Huelle) Batch reaction studies were conducted to simulate the PE reaction system at various mole ratios of NaOH to AcH (1.0, 1.025, 1.05, 1.08, 1.1, 1.12, 1.15). Analyses were performed on samples of the reaction mixtures, AML, and "A" filter cake. Infrared spectra and G.C. studies were completed on each set of samples. Ultraviolet spectra of the AML indicate an inverse relationship between absorbance at 220 nanometers and the mole ratio. U.V. data was also taken on the PE cake. Hot melt and hot sulfuric color tests did not yield meaningful data. These tests will be rerun after the PE cakes have been hydrolyzed. Further batch reactions and analyses are planned. Work has begun on monitoring the progress of PE reactions through the con tinuous measurement of redox potentials. Trimethylolpropane R. L. Day, P. J. Buras Unit "Support (Day) (Buras) - - "High acid-^problems--occurred-'in ch-e--TMP uni-t ~ almost the entire month of August. A weak base ion exchange resin bed was set up in the Laboratory to isolate the acid(s) in TMP finished product. -The-objec tive is to concentrate and identify the acid(s) which are contributing to the problem. Work is in progress. In addition, the two phases of the extractor 312 OH stream are being analyzed for acidT Tha -distribtrtion--coef ficient-s--(wt-. % ae-id -in--organic--Layer l-- ut.% acid in H2O layer) during the high acid run are being compared to those during a normal run. Batch distillation of T-205 feed and sidestream product showed that acids in the finished product are light ends to TMP. These light ends were further purified by distillation and a sample sent to CCCTC for identification. Acid levels in TMP unit process streams were continuously monitored dur ing August. - Data' collected--thus far-has- been-inconclusive-^ . u=._. = Work continues to identify and correct the-cause--of acid problems-. - 003392 GDB-71-80 Page Thirteen September 8, 1980 Special Problems Group - General S. G. Smith attended a meeting at CCCTC on August 26, L980 and gave a presentation of Bishop Laboratory work concerning anaerobic filter techno logy to representatives of Kimberly-Clark Co., interested in licensing Celanese technology for waste treatment. Following the meeting, she and Danna Sharpe conducted a tour of the Bishop facility now under construction. Leanne Harvey attended the CCC Equality Committee meeting in Pampa on August 20, 1980. 003393 C u rre n t S p e c ia l P ro b le m s P ro je c ts Page Fourteen September 8, 1980 H* a 3 < rr 3* (t o o V P3 X re s0) 03 X re rr rr H0- O 3s O CO s x M* CO rr rr o fD rt 3 n o 3 < re rt CO H* o 'J co o . 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S3' 003 3 H* ' era 3 3 TO 3 3- O3 TO TO re a. o CL 3 re 003394 Page Fifteen September 8, 1980 '<w z(0 fi rr (0 *3 3O a tuo* (a0. fai3* N<0 w cn r<-01r po <0 0o9 rr Or-t oO *r1i cOn HO* 3 no 3 rr O HS M X 3 n o To3 * O u. <0 N3 O 3 a DTa CD -3 3 co XP3 r(0r 3a tao. XWI HC* -(33a0 P0 3 rCOi cn 3 <HS* 03O cn zo <(0 a(r30i* o CoO C3cDr (0 v0oO0 VO 0o0 c3aro n o 3w *0 a <0 0.3 3 CO a. o3J P> <0 O CL 3 (0 003395 C u rre n t S p e c ia l P ro b le m s P ro je c ts CaC au U3 Special Problems G roups