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Cross Reference;
00; Mr. G, fie Bo Markie, Lab.
Mr. Stuart Graves, Lab.
Exposure Series #9888
Mr. 0. E,, Conds, Periln
w- aanDaluxf* Pigmentation 6
Dr. R, B. Davis, Eliat Mr. fi, J. Maofarlans So. San Fran.,
Mr. H, F, Bodin, fort Madison
Mr. E. E. Furst, Tolado
II HAflSBALL LABBfiATBBY LIBRARY Mr.-Co W. Clark, Chicago 10 Mr. Bo Go Fitzgerald, tab.
Mr. D. G. Kennedy, Plant
"INDEXED"
Philad elphia Laboratory June 27, 1949
MORAMOM REPORT 10. 1-253?
:|ifi;/fcaj4;e:S C
ICC
PIGMSBTATIOM OF ORAAGE AMD. RIP *DOLD%w
Introduction;
This study was undertaken tc develop durability and cost Information for the Orange and Red range of KDuluxM colors. The trade's greatly expanded use of Molybdate Orange and the , introduction of more durable organic pigments seamed to indi cate that -m should make a complete review of our formulating practice in this range. Although this work was done in short oil "Dulux" formulations, it is believed that the information and results will be generally adaptable to other lines and pro ducts.
The six colors selected to represent the range were;
(a) orange. Molybdate Orange, W-622 < b> Orange Red, Red Toner, W-880 fc) Light Red,, BOH Red, EF-565-D (d) Medium Red, Cadmium Red,1-381 (e) Medium Maroon, Cadmium Maroon, W-843 (f) Dark Maroon, BOM Maroon, RT-521-3
Summary & Oo.acluaiona
Table #1- is a complete summery of hiding, cost and durability results. The use of this table will make it possi ble to select a pigment combination fer any of the above color ranges to develop either optimum durability, hiding, or cost.
Summarising these results, we found that Molybdate Orange., W-.S22, represents a very satisfactory balance of prop erties,. Its hiding,' gloss and gloss retention are superior to
N 30799
2
li.be chrome yellow and orange pigments and organic modifications of these pigments. Molybdate Orange darken on exposure, and in this respect^ is slightly inferior to the Chromes, However, all these facts were taken into consideration and as a result*, it was decided to adopt Molybdate Orange generally for use in 93 Line and 94 Lice Automotive s'Pu.lux'%
The cadmium formulations are the most expensive, and most llghtfast.
The new BON pigments show good lightfastness but a poor level of hiding* They are also showing definite blistering tendencies* However, HT-5S1-D, Dark Maroon, shows much more su perior durability, (color retention and film Integrity), than W-873, Inf rex,, and 1-873, Victoria * Xt is planned to replace these two pigments with RF-521-D,
Experimental Details
'
At the start of this test, it was recognised that a satisfactory reproducible hiding power teat for this type of KDulox-" enamela was lacking. The Pfand cryptomster method gave results In terms- of wet. film only and results were hard to re produce 9 'Difficulties were experienced in getting accurate film thickness measurements with hiding power charts; and, here again, results were not reproduciblep It was decided that the crypto-
etsr principle of a wedge .shaped film would be most desirable it the film ware applied over a contrast background, then dried and measured with a micrometer.
For this purpose, 4 s 12 steel panels were prepared
with two black stripes down the middle over a white background*
This represented a nearly IQG$ contrast surface. Then, strips
of i'3 masking tape were applied lengthwise along each edge.
This would make it possible to measure the panel thickness at
the' later selected point of complete hiding. The test enamel
was applied by -spraying a wedge shaped f ilm of increasing thick*
sags from top to bottom. In many oases with enamels of low
hiding, it was found necessary to apply this film in two separate
bakes to prevent sagging and wrinkling. After baking, the fin
ished panel would show an. area of incomplete hiding at the top
and total hiding at the bottom, Examination was made under a con
stant source of illumination, (MecBeth Daylight
and the
points where the two center black lines .disappeared .was selected
as the area of complete hiding. The masking tapes were removed
and mioromofcer measurements grade of the panel and the panel plus
the teat enamel 'in the ares of complete hiding. The result was
film thickness for complete hieing'over a 100$ contrast background,
V'e consider these results rslieble ml easily reproducible.
The basis for the exposure grading shown on Table I
was S-i/3 norths exposure at. 45 3. in Florida, This was the time
when noma of the low plgaant/binder Molybdate Orange and Cadmium,
formulations were showing definite lina checking. In general,
color change was only slightly Worse than the four month:., exposure
panel a,
...
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Tb cost calculations were made using current pigment prices and assuming each gallon of finished enamel to contain 2.77 lbs# of binder. Numerous oheoics were made and it was found that there was little deviation from this factor with the average 94 line "Dulux" enamel. By considering the pigment cost per gallon and the mills for complete hiding, the economic value of each product can be determined.
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