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Lead Industries Association',1 Inc. 292 Madison Avenue New York, N. Y. 10017 Telephone: (212) 679-6020 MINUTES OF THE 1971 SPRING MEETING of the ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH COMMITTEE of the LEAD INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION, INC. April 6, 1971 In accordance with the notice of March 1, 1971, the 1971 Spring Meeting of the LIA Environmental Health Committee was convened at 2 p.m., Tuesday, April 6, at the Drake Hotel, Chicago, Illinois. J. G. Sevick presided and J. F. Cole served as secretary. Those in attendance were: J. G. Sevick (Chairman) T. J. Smith P. S. I. Barry F. Osborne R. C. Bell D. R. Diggs W. M. Pallies H. E. Hesselherg F. Sloiaba ' R. Rogers C. Thompson 0. Fremd R. Sugimoto J. C. Calanara W. L. Mann D, H. Beilstein W. C. Zeek St. Joe Minerals Corp. American Smelting and Refining Co. Associated Octel Co., Ltd. " The Broken Hill Associated Smelters Pty., Ltd. Cominco, Ltd. E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co. ESB, Inc. Ethyl Corp. Gould, Inc. Hill and Knowlton, Inc. Hill and Knowlton, Inc. Houston Chemical Co. Houston Chemical Co. Nalco Chemical Co. National Lead Co. St. Joe Minerals Corp. C. Tennant Sons & Co. V Staff ' J. L. Kimberley D. M. Borcina D. Lynsm J. F. Cole LIA ' LIA LIA-ILZRO LIA-ILZRO LXR-77078 2- - Dr. Cole explained that since the meeting of the LIA Health and Safety Committee in April, 1970 j Mr. J. C. Roumas,Director of Health and Safety for LIA, had resigned. Subsequent to his resignation, the decision has been reached to combine the Environ mental Health activities of both LIA and ILZRO into one department. J. F. Cole was appointed Manager, Environmental Health for the new department. Also, Mr. Donald Lynam, presently working on his Ph. D. degree at the University of Cincinnati'; Kettering Laboratory has accepted the position of Assistant Manager, Environmental Health for the new department, and will join the department on a full time basis in June, 1971- Mr. Lynam was introduced by Dr. Cole. Dr. Cole noted that the management and operations expenses of the new department will be borne equally by LIA and ILZRO. Dr. Cole reminded the Committee that its function is to recommend staff activities, such as publications and industry positions on legislative matters. Another important function is to recommend research projects to ILZRO. Mr. Hesselberg suggested that since the LIA and ILZRO Environmental Health activities are now combined, that it would be better to have only a single committee meeting instead of separate meeting. Dr. Cole agreed that this would he simpler but noted that the membership of LIA and ILZRO are different and since voting cn research monetary matters is strictly an ILZRO function, it may not be possible to combine the meetings. Dr. Cole agreed to look into methods for reducing duplication, however. I- LIA's Role in Environmental Health--!L. Kimberley . Mr. Kimberley presented &n overview cf the past year's activities of LIA In Environ mental Health. The main activity has been, of course, defending the use of lead anti-knock compounds in gasoline. Hr. Kimberley has testified before numerous governmental bodies ana Dr. Co3.e has on one occasion presented the lead industry's point of view on the health questions before the California Air Resources Board. Mr. Kimberley noted that the controversy over lead in gasoline Is not yet settled, that LIA will certainly continue to be active in this area. He mentioned that there has been some change on the part of the automobile companies with regard to the poten tial of catalytic mufflers for the control of hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen oxides. At :a recent press conference, officials of General Motors indicated that catalysts will not be available in the near future and that present estimates of the costs of. such systems would he approximately $200 per car. Mr. Kimberley also indicated that the du Pont automobiles, fitted with the thermal reactor, are now being tested by the California Air Resources Board. Brief mention was also made of the activities of LIA in attempting to educate? ceramisti as to the proper usp of lead in ceramic glazes. It was mentioned that despite LIA's efforts, there was k recent death of a child in Philadelphia who had been drinking large quantities of a grape drink stored in a pitcher which released large quantities of lead. This pitcher was manufactured by a rather large U. S. company. This sad incident demonstrates that LIA's task of educating ceramists is far from complete. Mr. Kimberley indicated that there is now considerable interest in the amounts of lead in food and water. While these areas have not been actively pursued by govern mental officials, there is ample evidence that their interest is growing. It was mentioned that the FDA will coon begin a market-basket survey to determine the quantity of lead in the diet of Americans. Dr. Cole noted that literally thousands of the booklet, "Facts About Lead and Pediatri< LIA- 7 7079 -3- havc "been distributed to interested public health professionals and the general public all over the U. S. The response to this booklet has been excellent and at present, LIA is preparing another large printing of this booklet. Mr. Borcina briefly mentioned that LIA is also interested in legislation affecting the use of lead in paints. Recently, a federal law vac passed limiting the use of lea in paint on residential structures built with federal funds. This has spurred va is states to introduce legislation in the field. LIA has not testified or. any of : .ese bills, preferring to allow the Rational Paint, Varnish and Laquer Association to present the case. A recent bill in Illinois would eliminate the use of more than Vp lead for exterior paints. The Rational Paint, Varnish and Laquer Association sup ports a modification of the bill which would allow the use of up to 5a> load for ex terior paints including paints to be used on porches. LIA disagrees with this and will not support a modification of the hill which would allow paint containing more than 1$ lead to be used in any area where children might be able to eat the paint. A brief discussion followed, touching on several current items of interest. Hr. Hesselberg commented that the recently released report of the U. S. Department of Commerce Panel on Lead in Gasoline made a point of attempting to discredit work done by the U. S. Bureau of Hines on the effect of the use of lead free gasolines in increasing photochemical snog. Since this has been a major argument for the continued use of leaded fuels, this is e>spected to have a detrimental effect on the lead industry. It was mentioned that there is now an attempt to repeat the U. 3. Bureau of Mines study in Irvine, California. However, there are at this time, no results because of experimental problems. Dr. Calandra asked if there was any definitive information on the lead tax. Dr. Diggs mentioned that there is now a collaboration between the Environmental Protect,;r. Agency and the XJ. S. Treasury Department to gather information necessary to schecu' a lead restrictions. It was mentioned that in addition to the proposed lead tax, tnorc is also now proposed a tax on the sulphur content of fuels. (See enclosed copy of the President's 1971 Environmental Program--Dote especially page 4). Mr. Thompson noted that the goverraent is taking a new position on the lead tax now emphasizing the environmental aspects, whereas last year the revenue aspects of the tax were emphasized. Mr. Hesselberg mentioned that Bonner and Moore are conducting a survey to establish the economic impact of the elimination of lead from gasoline. Ke alerted LIA that it might he contacted by Bonner and Moore. Mr. Hesselberg also reported on the present status of the California legislation to phase out lead from gasoline in that State. This >ill, known as Assembly Bill 339.has now passed the /Co'.mittee responsible for it in the California Assembly, and has gone to the full Assr Lly for consideration. Mr. Hesselberg predicted that the bill would most likely pa: the Assembly. However, to become law, it must pass the California Senate wh; .e it was defeated last year. II Impact of Federal Regulations on the Lead Industry--C. Thompson LIA-77080 Mr. Thompson of Hill and Knowj ton reported briefly on three new acts which will have an effect on the lead industry. Tftese were: (l) The Occupational Safety and Heal-:'; Act, (2) The Amendment to the Clean Air Act, and (3) the enforcement of the Refuse Act of 1899, affecting water quality. Mr. Thompson rioted that it was difficult to predict the impact that these laws might have on the lead industries but that certa'nl they would be felt. Mr. Thompson also pointed out that with the formation of the new Environmental Protection Agency, there is likely to be a more legalistic appror : to the environment. In other- words, the EPA is not looking so much toward pollutio: abatement, but rather, to strict law enforcement. Si,ate Air Quality Standards for Leod--D. Borclna Mr. Borcina reported that I,IA is currently acc\imulating all the air i>ollution lavs of the various states and will, in the near future, publish a compilation of them. At present, there are very few states which actually have an air quality standard for lead. The most recent state to adopt such a standard was California. This occurred in November, 1970. The standard adopted was 1.5 ug/m3 on a 30-day average. New Tentative Threshold Limit Value for Lead Dr. Cole announced that the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists. Threshold Limit Value Commit',,:-.;, has recently listed a new TLV for lead as 0.15 mg/ml. This is a reduction from the previous TLV of 0.2 mg/m3. This change will go on the tentative list for a period of time, and the industry will have an opportunity to submit data if it feels that the new value is incorrect. There was some discussion as to whether LIA should atte .-.pi to have the TLV changed to its previous level and it was finally decided that Mu Lynam would obtain a copy of the new Documentation for the new TLV- Further, it was decided that upon reviewing the TLV, LIA would take a stand, on the new tentative TLV for lead, (Mr. Lynam has obtained a copy of the new Documentation and it is enclosed with this report). Activities of the Battery Covrcil International in Water Pollution--W. Mann Mann reported that the Battery Council International had obtained a proposal from the Illinois Institute of Technology Research Institute (lITlfl) to perform an enginesr:' evaluatiorr of the car.tvol tech niques for controlling lead effluent from battery plants. He also mentioned that IL"R0 has also received a proposal from the same organ:'.satior. to study the effect?; of lead, r.inc and cadmium on secondary sow age treatment plants. It was proposed that ILZ-RO join the BCI in supporting this program. Further, Mr. Mann noted that cr.ce the program was ur.der.way, there is a good possibility that the Federal Hater Quality Administration will join in financing this project. Dr- Cole noted that ILZ-RO would consider joining the BCI in supporting this proposal at the ELZRO Lead Environmental Health Committee meeting on April 7- Blood and Urine Lead Analysis, LIA Laboratory Accreditation--J. F. Cole Dr. Cole noted that in the past, the LIA has attempted to endorse an LIA laboratory. At certain times in the past, the ASARCO laboratory' in Salt Lake City and the E5B laboratory in Philadelphia have been considered. Unfortunately, because of corporate policies and potential legal uefficulties, the establishment of an LIA labors-,fory has never been achieved. Dr. Cole suggested that for the purpose of compile eg a list of recommended? analytical laboratories, LIA. may wish to accredit any Is '-.-ratory meeting its standards for blood and urine lead analyses. There were severe o' jeetiers to this proposal since many of the Committee members felt that LIA would be cuing Itself up to potential legal problems. Mr. Smith noted that ASARCO is curr< ntly looking into the legal ramifications of opening a commercial laboratory for ,e purpose of doing blood and urine lead analyses and that he would report tc Tf the findings of the ASARCO lawyers. It was agreed that this matter would he tab'. A pending the report from ASARCO. Suggestions from Members LIA-77081 Mr. Hesselberg recommended strongly that LIA immediately undertake a complete literatu survey of information dealing, with the childhood lead poisoning problem. This was In response to the obvious intentions of the F,PA to devote increased attention to this problem in the itrnr/f,intc Cul.ure. While several pot'ntial contractors wore dis cussed , i t was agreed ti. . -. Hi ' "V and Know1 ton would Into on this job and have a pro- liminary report "by May 1. Mr. Borcina agreed that he would offer Hill and Knowlton'r services for this task. VIII. Election of a Chairman for 1971-72 Since he has been chairman for a considerable length of time, Mr. Sevick asked that a new chairman be elected. Mr. Donald Beilstcin nominated Mr. William Failles, whereupon the nominations were closed and Mr. Failles was unanimously elected as chairman for 1971-72. - There being no further business to come before the committee, the meeting was adjom-ned at H:CO p.m. April 20, 1971 / / lIR_77082 BOOK OLE CP A THREE-PART SERIES } I ! A !. i REFORM 1}t FOR THE 70's RENEWAL I / ; ; 4 i ;i -j j i i LIA-7 7 083 N 799.01 EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT C. J'JNCiL ON e n v i r o n me n t a l QUALITY 722 JACKSON PLACE, NW. WASHINGTON, D.C. 20CGG Dsst' Sir: On behalf of the president, 1 am sending you this booklet on the Adminis tration's 1971 Environmental Qualify proposals. Enhancing the qualify of the environment is one of six goals the President set forth in his January State of the Union Message, and was the subject of c major message '.o Congress of February 8, 1971. * That message outlined a ccrnpmhensive o' ;ck on the Nalion's chief en vironmental problems. It dealt with three major categories: she. ,Aliening pollu tion control programs, applying measures to control emerging problems, and promoting environmental quality in our land use decisions. To implement the program, the Pro. M.ml has, submitted to Ccmgmss 15 bills and is recommending throe now pieces of tax legislation. Tile proposals discussed in this, the first of three booklets, cover the cate gory of strengthening pollution control programs. These proposals include an incentive- charge on sulfur oxide emissions, a tax on lead in gasoline, a $12 billion nationwide waste treatment financing program, tightened water pollution standards and enforcement, and a revamping of our pesticides law to control use cf these materials. We hope this booklet will be helpful to you in understanding Hie problems and our proposed solution:-. In the near future, you v\ill be receiving two addi tional mailings dealing v/il.i the land use and the emerging problems portions of the President's Environmental Message. Among matters covered in these booklets will be a National band Use Policy, a new parks to the people program, strip mining, powerplani siting, measures to control noise, ocean dumping, and toxic substances. ' These legislative propos;':- will not of themselves enhance the quality of the environment. Ultimately, i; will require tire broad participation of all the American people, including the Stale and local governments that serve them, if we are to be successful, and this participation is only possible when the cit izenry is well informed. In his February Environmental Message to Congress, President Nixon called upon all Americans "to dedicate themselves to lire goal of restoring the environ ment and reclaiming ihc earth mr ourselvc-s and our posterity. . . . Together, we held this good earth in tru.V:. We must--and together we can--prove our selves worthy of that trust." Sincerely, RUSSELL F.. TRAIN Chairman March 2, 3 971 / LIA-77085 CG^TEl AIR PCLLl )!'!: SULFUR 0X1DEL EMISSIONS CHARGES Page 1 i! AIR POLL, :M: TAXOR ,.EAD IN GASOLINE WATER Ql TTY: MUrYL PAL WASTES 4 5 WATER \RDS 7 10 11 ii w is ij int i Ii I; \` i: Ij ii i; LIA-7 7 86 energy supplies. T;:i: two measures--the sulfur oxides emissions charge and expand-.::' environmental programs--should provide both the incentive for abatement arid the moans for doing so. -i /rc?i': *. Fo. LL-dl TAX eid L-: if; Problem Air pollution from ex': :biles is clearly one of cur major environmental p. ob! .ms. Tire nog that was originally considered to be a Southern California pmbiem is now becoming a nations! phenomenon. .. Lead in gar 1:. : adds dm autoewtive air pollution problem {; in two ways. First, load for:- .me of the major omission control systems new being developed .rsd. -the 1975 air ww'dy standards. Second, ic-ad i-rsif is r "slant. Over 95 percent of the toted lead emit tod into d . ww..p - bm-imo from rb'w'-;- : 1. gorelm;. Lead partis'.o car pence:ad :: 'nag- wd can be redrwed and absorbed ir nc b' : dedrw urban crass, the margin of safety between Lie, ;j lards of Ire am; as and levels m which hwh poisoning symptom:. have bar ' mbit we growing smeller. While no clear case has freer; four. ` load poisoning from automobile ii a emissions, there is ample rers*.- ..w concern. The Clem Air Amend wr i 1970 authorise control of lead levels in .serine. however, a w ran is not feasible because over one-half of the vehicles now or " road require high octane gaso line whicyh, in general, can only L .ldevedT;sing lead additives. The Feel o L-Go y o arviaal can end will ..yore that unleaded gasoline be avw dole, but it cannot assure tlnd - cole will buy it. Since the cost of icw-lead or nc-nkmcieci cmsolim is LA-'her, there Is little incentive * A for car owners to purchase it. In 'r '' nrrent low-load or nonioaded gasoline is n. ' selling well. ' i . 4- . LIA-77087 | The President's Proposal I The President is again proposing a special tax on lead additives * in gasoline. The tax would allow consumers to buy the low or un| leaded fuels at no price disadvantage over leaded gasolines, and 5 hence creates an economic incentive for refiners to produce more low or unleaded gasoline. This special charge would help to bring .} about, at reasonable costs, the gradual transition to use of unleaded j gasoline, which is essential to reduce lead emissions and to meet the T other emission control standards scheduled to come into effect for i the 1975 automobiles. i i WATER QUALITY: MUNICIPAL WASTES & The Problem i r.Vj Despite considerable Federal assistance to States and munici palities for waste treatment over the last 15 years, our requirements . have far outpaced actual construction. In addition to the difficulties 4J of obtaining local financing, Federal appropriations for constructing `4 municipal treatment plants have totaled only about one-third of the funds authorized since the passage of the Clean Water Restoration Act of 1966. Not until 1970 did Federal funding increase signifi -3 cantly--to $800 million from $214 million in 1969. For 1971, the / Congress appropriated $1 billion, a figure consistent with the Presi dent's request for $1 billion per year over a 4-year period to provide i the Federal share of a $10 billion program, which represented the best estimate of needs at that time. -j As a result of past levels of construction, only 40 percent of the Nation's treatment systems are adequate as shown below: Sinte last year's proposal, the Environmental Protection Agency has canvassed most major municipalities to develop the best esti mate possible of sewage treatment needs. That study indicated a need for a $12 billion national program, which would include a $6 billion Federal share over the next 3 years. 5 / i \ 11 i * LlA-77088 J