Document zJOvz52Y8omVzErqMYxXX2D0

Westinghouse Electric Corporation -----i- -B--.--4--4---8--6-0----1----- Lt. ;. . $ NPC000160 25 207751 - SPECIAL INQUIRIES When communicating with Westinghouse regarding the product covered by this Instruction Book, include all data contained on the nameplate attached to the equipment.* Also, to facilitate replies when particular information is desired, be sure to state fully and clearly the problem and attendant conditions. Address all communications to the nearest Westinghouse represen tative as listed in the back of this book. For a permanent record, it is suggested that all nameplate data be duplicated and retained in a convenient location. I4 < f 4 14 ? t \ 207752 I.B. U-ttO-1 INERTEEN INSULATING FLUID P.D.S. 7336-9 for Electrical Apparatus WESTINGHOUSE ELECTRIC CORPORATION SHARON PLANT TRANSFORMER DIVISION SHARON, PA. NEW INFORMATION Prlotad la U.8.A. NPC00016027 ,, FEBRUARY. 1952 ^ 84) 907753  INERTEEN INSULATING FLUID P.D.S. 7336-9 Inerteen is a synthetic non-inflammable and non-explosive insulating and cooling liquid. It has proved its suitability for use in all Westinghouse Inerteen insulated apparatus. In order to insure the proper performance of the apparatus, only Westinghouse Inerteen should be used. This publication gives the instructions ior handling, inspection, and maintenance which experience has shown are important in obtaining the best service from the Inerteen. * Registered trade-mark for Westinghouse Askarel _ . NPC00016028 2 207754 I.B. 44-460-1 INERTEEN INSULATING FLUIO RECEIVING, HANDLING, STORING SH IPM EN T Inerteen is shipped in tank cars, drums, or cans. The modern tank cars are usually lagged to prevent rapid fluctuations in temperature during transit and thus reduce the amount of expansion and contrac tion of Inerteen. Changes in the volume of the Inerteen due to temperature changes tend to cause breathing in of moist air resulting in condensation of moisture inside the container, and lowering of the dielectric strength of the Inerteen. When shipped in drums, the Inerteen and the drums are both heated above room temperature while the drums are being filled, and the bungs are tightened immediately after filling. After cool ing to normal temperature, the bungs are again tightened. The drums are provided with screw bungs having gaskets to prevent admission of water. When shipped in cans, the cans as well as the Inerteen are heated above room temperature while being filled and are hermetically sealed immediate ly after filling. STORING D rum s. As soon as a drum of Inerteen has been unloaded, the bung should be examined and tight ened if it is loose. It is possible for bungs to become loosened by change in temperature or rough hand ling in transit. If loosened, be sure Inerteen is tested before using, or combining it with good Inerteen. It is very desirable that Inerteen in drums be stored in a closed room. Outdoor storage of Inerteen is always hazardous to the Inerteen and should be avoided if at all possible. If it is necessary to store Inerteen outside, protection against direct contact of rain and snow should be provided. Drums stored outdoors should be placed so that bungs will be protected from moisture. It is desirable to cover the drums with -a tarpaulin. C ans. Cans (containing Inerteen must not be exposed to the weather. Seals should be kept intact until the Inerteen is actually needed. Screw caps are provided on the cans to use when the Inerteen is only partially removed after hermetic seal has been broken. By replacing the screw caps, contamination by moisture and dirt will be retarded, but the Inerteen must be tested just before using. Sto ra g e T an k . The storage tank should be mounted on piers so that it will not touch the ground, and will be accessible to all points for inspection for leakage. It is desirable to maintain the temperature of the Inerteen and tank a little above the temperature of the surrounding air as this prevents condensation of moisture in the tank which would affect the di electric strength of the Inerteen. The tank should preferably have a convex bottom, allowing for the installation of a drain cock at the lowest point for removing dirt or tank scale which might settle out. As Inerteen is heavier than water, most all of any water present will, in time, rise to the top of the Inerteen. A valve somewhere near the normal top level of the Inerteen should be provided for drawing off water-contaminated Inerteen. Pro vision for drawing off the Inerteen should also be made near the bottom of the tank. HANDLING Caution: Inerteen is a skin irritant. U n necessary contact with this liquid or its vapor, particularly when it is hot, should be avoided. Especially the eyes, nose, and lips are affected when Inerteen comes in contact with them . Certain safety precautions m u st be observed when handling Inerteen. In case Inerteen comes in contact with the skin, the parts affected should be thoroughly washed in soapy "water and followed by an application of cold cream. A supply of these materials should be kept available at all -times where personnel are working with Inerteen. Continued exposure may cause eruptions on certain individuals due to the absorption of Inerteen through the pores NPC000160 29 207755 3 RECEIVING/ HANDLING/ STORING, of the akin. Cleanliness among workmen handling Inerteen is a very good safeguard against such effects. Application of castor oil is recommended for the eyes, castor oil or cold cream for the nose and lips. Hot apparatus should not be opened except in well-ventilated places. Large quantities of Inerteen should be handled in a closed system. Workmen should be protected from frequent contact with any appreciable vapor concentration and from frequent skin contact with Inerteen. In case Inerteen is spilled on one's clothing, the clothing should be changed as soon as possible and the soiled clothing laundered before it is worn again. Gloves such as Westinghouse S # 1389 974 should be worn when it is necessary to put one's hand into Inerteen or when parts of apparatus must be handled wet. Mineral oil is completely miscible with Inerteen and it is practically impossible to separate them. Therefore, it is important to avoid contaminating Inerteen with any kind of oil, since its presence changes the non-inflammable and non-explosive characteristics of Inerteen. Note: The Inerteen should be sam pled and tested before being transferred from the con tainer to the apparatus, particularly in c a se s where the wire lo ck -seal h a s been broken. In c a s e s where the ap p aratu s is received with the Inerteen installed, the Inerteen should be sam p le d a n d tested before the a p p aratu s is pu t into service, a s described later in this book. When putting new-apparatus into service, see -that the apparatus tank is free from moisture and foreign material. Although the drums and tank cars are thoroughly washed and dried at the refinery before filling, a certain amount of scale is sometimes loosened from the inside in transit. Therefore, Inerteen which has not been filtered should be strained through three or more thicknesses of muslin, or other closely woven cotton doth which has been thoroughly washed and dried to remove theorizing. The straining cloths may 'be stretched across a funnel of large size and should be renewed at frequent intervals. Important: Extreme precautions m ust be taken to insure the absolute dryness and cleanliness of the apparatus before filling it with Inerteen, and to~prevent the entiance of water"and dirt during the transfer of the Iner teen to the apparatus. The preparation and filling of outdoor apparatus should preferably be done on a clear, dry day; if this is not possible, protection against moisture must be provided. All vessels used for transferring the Inerteen should be carefully inspected to see that they are absolutely dry and free from contamination. Important: Always use all-m etal hose or pipe when handling the Inerteen. A hose made of n atural rubber should not be used. Inerteen can easily become contam inated from the sulphur in the natural rubber, and should not be allowed to come in contact with it. When it is necessary to transfer Inerteen from warm surroundings to apparatus exposed to extreme ly cold weather, even when the dielectric strength at room temperature is high, it is desirable to cir culate the Inerteen through an Inerteen conditioner at room temperature. A similar procedure is also advisable in the case of apparatus erected inside and later exposed to cold weather, the reason being that Inerteen will absorb more water at higher temperatures which will be thrown out of solution at lower temperatures. The remainder will be in suspension in the Inerteen and will lower the di electric strength, A drum of cold Inerteen when taken into a warm room will "sw eat", and the resulting moisture on the surface may mix with the Inerteen as it flows from the drum. Before breaking the seal, the drum should therefore be allowed to stand long enough to reach room temperature, which may require eight hours, or even longer under extreme temperature condi tions. Cleaning Contaminated Drums. The clean ing of drums which have contained used Inerteen requires great care in order to insure a thoroughly clean drum. It is p re fe rab le to return such drums to the supplier where adequate cleaning facilities are a v a ila b le , rath er than to attem pt to clean them If it is necessary to d ean such drums, the following procedure is recommended: Rinse the drum thoroughly with gasoline or ben zine, using about one gallon each time, until th* solvent shows no discoloration after-using. Allow it to drain, then pump out the last*traces of solver.: with a vacuum pump, using a brass pipe flattened at the lower end to explore the corners of the drum 4 NPC00016030 207756 RECEIVING, HANDLING, STORING, Caution: Do not use a steel pipe because of the danger of a spark igniting the gasoline or benzine vapor. Next, heat the drum with bunghole down, in a ventilated oven at a temperature of at least 88C. (190F.) for sixteen hours. (A simple oven for this purpose may be made from sheet metal and heated with steam or an electric heater.) Blow out the drum with dry nitrogen or dry air to remove any linger ing explosive vapors. Screw the bung on tightly before removing the drum from the oven. Use a new washer with the bung to insure a tight seal. Caution: Open flam es m u st always be kept away from the oven to prevent igniting in flam m able gases which m igh t be rem aining in d ru m when placed in the oven, Refilling Drums. The practice of refilling drums with Inerteen is undesirable and should be avoided whenever possible, for unless the utmost precautions are taken, the Inerteen is likely to become contaminated. I.B. ii-860-1 INERTEEN INSULATING FLUID If it is necessary to refill them for storage, drums which have been used only for clean, dry Inerteen should be reserved for this purpose. They should be closed immediately after being emptied, to ex clude dirt and water. After refilling, they should be examined to see that they do not leak. Whenever a drum is to be filled with Inerteen, the temperature of the drum and of the Inerteen should be at least 5.5C. (10F.) higher than the air, but the temperature of the drum need not be the same as that of the Inerteen. A new washer should be used with the bung each time the drum is refilled, to insure a tight seal. These washers may be obtained from the nearest Westinghouse Office and it is recommended that a supply be kept on hand. Natural rubber composi tion washers should never be used as they would be attacked by the Inerteen. Drums to be refilled with Inerteen for storage should be plainly markedwith paint for identification. SAMPLING AND INSPECTION A good fireproof insulating liquid is one that will act as an insulating liquid, will carry the heat away from the apparatus, and is fireproof. Westinghouse Inerteen meets these requirements with the follow ing characteristics: 1. High dielectric strength. 2. Freedom from inorganic acid, alkali, and cor rosive sulphur. (To prevent injury to insula tion and conductors) 3. Low viscosity. (To provide good heat transfer) 4. Low pour point. 5. Fireproof. CAUSES OF DETERIORATION The principal causes of deterioration of Inerteen a r e : ------ 1. Presence of water. 2. Arcing. Condensatioirfrom moist air due to breathing of the apparatus, especially when the apparatus is not continuously in service, may injure the Inerteen. (The moist air drawn into the apparatus condenses moisture on the surface of the Inerteen and inside of the tank.) The Inerteen may also be contaminated with water through leakage such as from leaky cool ing coils or covers. . ^ Arcing or burning in Inerteen produces finely divided carbon and gases which are mostly hydro gen chloride. Hydrogen chloride in the presence of moisture forms hydrochloric acid which may soon damage the insulation in the apparatus and cause rusting of ferrous materials. Since hydrogen chloride is formed quickly after the arcing occurs, neither the Inerteen nor the apparatus should be exposed to the atmosphere (which always contains more or less moisture) until an attempt has been made to remove the hydro gen chloride. See Reconditioning, Page 7, for the method of purification. SAMPLING INERTEEN The dielectric strength of Inerteen is affected by the most minute traces of certain impurities, partic ularly water. It is important that the greatest care be taken in obtaining the samples and in handling them to avoid contamination. There have been low d, electric test results reported from the field which, upon investigation, have been found to be largely a matter of carelessness in handling. All--sampling and .testing equipment muit b* thoroughly dry and clean. It is recommended th*sampling and testing equipment used for bandhrg Inerteen and servicing Inerteen be used tor n. .other purpose. Care must be used in taking samp.* 'of Inerteen and sealing'them prior to testing Ii . NPC00016031 207757 5 SAMPLING AND INSPECTION desirable that samples of Inerteen be removed from PERIODIC INSPECTION any container on d ea r days only, and when the temperature of the Inerteen is at least as high as the temperature of the surrounding air. It is desirable that periodic inspections of Inerteen apparatus be made and that samples of Inerteen be taken from each and from all compartments Use only tin containers with screwed metal caps of any apparatus and tested after a short period of or glass bottles with Inerteen-resistant stoppers to hold Inerteen samples. If it becomes necessary to use other than factory sampling containers, they service (approximately three months for transfor mers). Following this, when operating conditions permit, routine sampling and testing of the Inerteen should be rinsed with clean naphtha, washed with strong soap suds, and rinsed thoroughly in hot water, and then dried at approximately 110C. for four hours with neck down in a circulating air oven. at intervals of six months to one year are suggested. Accurate records should be kept of Buch inspec tions and tests and if the Inerteen shows a di electric strength of less than 22 kv, it should be If the containers are not used immediately after conditioned. If facilities are not available for deaning, they should be sealed tightly and stored testing Inerteen, see "Westinghouse Inerteen Test in a dry, d ean place. ing Service" below, and also P.L. 44-860. When Provision is made on all Inerteen transformers to obtain a top sample of the Inerteen, however on a transformer that is in operation, a sample may be taken from either the top or bottom since any moisture present will be mixed in, due to circula tion of the Inerteen. In sampling, allow a small an appreciable amount of Inerteen is removed from any apparatus, it should be replaced with an equal amount of new Inerteen so that the liquid level in the apparatus is maintained. The Inerteen used for replacement purposes should have a dielectric strength of not less than 30 kv. amount of Inerteen to run out to flush the sampling connection clean before collecting the sample. The Inerteen should be put into the sample containers INERTEEN TESTING SERVICE Many users of Inerteen do not have the necessary immediately and the caps screwed on tightly. The facilities for testing it. In order that these users label for each container should be marked dearly may be able to make the periodic tests recom with the serial number of the transformer or com mended, Westinghouse Electric Corporation has partment from which the Inerteen was taken. established an Inerteen testing service to provide a careful test by experienced engineers, and a Before taking samples from a storage .tank, the prompt report of test results. Inerteen should be allowed to settle for approxi Two special 16 oz. sample bottles per mailing mately twelve hours so that if there is any moisture container (W) S # 1608 629, as well as necessary present, it, having a lower specific gravity, will rise packing and printed matter, may be obtained by to the top where the sample is to be taken. A clean contacting the nearest Westinghouse Office. (The sneak-thief should be used to obtain the samples. bottle and the container will not be returned to the Essentially, the same precautions to prevent mois ... customer.) ture and dirt contamination should be used as out After drawing the sample of Inerteen, the cus- lined above. - tomer should seal the bottle and mail it to theWesting Q uantity of Sam ple. It is recommended that one 16 oz. bottle of Inerteen betaken as a sample for testing. At least one sample should be taken from a t*nk car of inerteen. One sample may be taken from eacb drum, or if desired, a composite sample may be made from Inerteen from five drums, pro vided all of the drums are airtight. When the bung is first loosened,- a hissing-sound should be heard, which indicates that the drum has been airtight. If the test of the composite sample is not satisfactory, a sample from each of the drums represented should be tested. When drums have been stared exposed to the house Electric Corporation, Plant Laboratory, Sharon, Pa. To simplify these details, an instruction and order sheet and a printed return label have been included in the carton container. The instructions cover the taking of the sample and its proper prep aration for mailing. The order sh e e t m ust be se n t to the n e are st W estinghouse O/Z/ce. When samples of Inerteen are received for test ing, they are sent to the Plant Laboratory and tested in accordance with methods described under " Test ing Methods/', which follows and is part of this Instruction Book: In addition to dielectric tests, Westinghouse is also prepared to make a physical and chemical ex weather^ a sample from each drum must be tested amination if so requested. (The customer should to determine if it is suitable for use. plainly indicate the type of service desired.) NPC00016032 207758-J SAMPLING AND INSPECTION___________ . t The physical and chemical examination consists of an examination oi the Inerteen by a competent chemist. Recommendations will be made as to the suitability of the Inerteen for continued use, whether it would be desirable and economical to clean it, and in a general way, the preferred method of clean ing. In submitting samples for this service, the I.B. 44-t60-l INERTEEN INSULATING FLUID history oi the Inerteen represented should be given as completely as possible. Power factor test of Inerteen at 60 cycles can be made. (For details refer to the nearest Westinghouse Office. ) CHARACTERISTICS AND RECONDITIONING CHARACTERISTICS Inerteen is chemically stable. It is straw-yellow in color. It is not affected by reaction with other materials regularly used in the manufacture of Inerteen apparatus. It is non-oxidizing and noncorrosive at temperatures considerably above those normally obtained in Inerteen apparatus. Inerteen will not sludge under any operating condition. The dielectric strength of Inerteen will compare favorably with that of insulating oil when tested under the same conditions. Quality samples of Inerteen tested under laboratory conditions may show a dielectric, strength in excess of 40 kv. Care must be exercised in handling and testing Inerteen. Inerteen must be kept in dean, sealed containers to prevent loss by evaporation or contamination by moisture or dirt. Inerteen exerts a strong solvent action on most varnishes, gums, and paints. Such materials are not used in the construction of Inerteen apparatus. No materials should be used in Inerteen apparatus except those approved by the Westinghouse Electric Corporation. Inerteen has an irritating effect upon the skin. If it is necessary to handle it, see the caution note under Receiving, Storing, and Handling. (See Page 3. ) It should be remembered that mineral oil is completely miscible with Inerteen; in fact, it is practically impossible to separate mineral oil and Inerteen. Inerteen P.t).S^_7336-S has an improved char acteristic so that, 'when arcing occurs, the in sulating materials are not so quickly or so greatly impaired as a result of the liberation of hydrogen chloride. Inerteen 7336-7, which was supplied in Inerteen transformers previous to September 1,1945, can easily be converted to 7336-9 Inerteen. For complete, information on this conversion; request Engineering Data Letter No. 1337-A from any West inghouse Electric Corporation Office. Specific Characteristics of Inerteen. As outlined in "Method of Testing Askarels A.S.T.M. D901-49T", the specific characteristics of Inerteen are: 1. Burn point: None 2. Chemical stability: No generation of free chlorides under normal operating conditions 3. Color: (Maximum) 150 A.P.H. 4. Condition: Clear 5. Dielectric constant: At 1000 cycles 77F (25C), 4.0 to 4.3 At 1000 cycles 212F (100C), 3.5 to 3.8 6. Dielectric strength: (Minimum)77F (25C) At point of shipment, 35 kv At point of receipt, 30 kv 7. Electrical resistivity: (Minimum) 100 x 109 ohms/cm3 (212F (100C) at 500 volts d-c) 8. Fixed chlorine content: (Minimum) 59.1 percent 9. Free chlorides: Less than 0.10 ppm 10. Neutralization number: Less than 0.010 mg. of NaOH/gram. 11. Pour point: (Maximum) minus 25.6F (minus 32C) 12. Refractive index At 77F (25C), 1.6137 to 1.6157 13. Specific gravity: (Minimum) At 60F/60F (15.5C/T5.5C), 1.560 14. Viscosity: (Maximum) At 100F (37.8C), 54 seconds RECONDITIONING Reconditioning will be necessary to remove water, dirt, and hydrogen chloride which may be present and contaminating the Inerteen. The blotter filter press 'and the Inerteen condi tioner- (both of which-will be explained later in this book under "Apparatus for Reconditioning") will remove water and diri deposits which may be pres ent. Of the two methods, the Inerteen conditioner is the most effective in removing these two contam inating agents. Any equipment used for filtering NPC00016033 7 207759 CHARACTERISTICS AND RECONDITIONING, Inerteen should first be thoroughly cleaned with benzine or naptha. Every trace of any material foreign to Inerteen must be removed. If at all pos sible separate equipment should be used for filter* ing Inerteen only. Hydrogen chloride, caused by arcing, may be eliminated by vigorously bubbling dry nitrogen through the Inerteen. The nitrogen should be passed through the drain valve at the bottom of the appara tus and allowed to escape through a vent at the top. The nitrogen should be discharged through a pressure regulator attached to a stand pipe above the level of the Inerteen in the apparatus to prevent the Inerteen from flowing into the regulator. The nitrogen should be bubbled through the Inerteen at a rate of one to three cubic feet per minute for a period of four to six hours. This will require from two to eight cylinders (220 cu. ft. each) 0i dry nitrogen, based on apparatus containing 150 to 2000 gallons of Inerteen. Immediate application of the bubbling process will reduce the destructive action of the hydro chloric acid on the working parts and insulation, thereby making it likely that the materials not dam aged by arcing may be used in repairing the appa ratus. Also, use of the process will in most cases make it possible to satisfactorily reclaim the arced Inerteen. After the hydrogen chloride has been removed by the bubbling process, tbe Inerteen should be reclaimed by use of an Inerteen conditioner. There is no commercially suitable method for separating transformer oil from Inerteen. TESTING METHODS Instructions for all tests listed correspond in gen eral to the recommendations of the American Society for Testing Materials. DIELECTRIC STRENGTH TEST A pparatus. The testing transformer and the source of supply of energy shall not be less than 1/2 kva, and the frequency shall not exceed 100 cycles per second. Regulation shall be so controlled that the high tension testing voltage taken from the secondary of the testing transformer can be raised gradually without opening either primary or second ary circuit. The rate of rise shall approximate 3000 volts per second. The voltage may be measured by an approved method which gives root-mean-square values. Some protection is desirable to prevent exces sive flow of current when breakdown of the Inerteen takes place. This protection preferably should be in the primary or low voltage side of the testing transformer. It is not especially important for trans formers of S kva or less, as the current is limited by the impedance of the transformer. The standard tastxup for holding the sample of Inerteen shall be made-ef.-a material having a suit able dielectric strength. It must be insoluble in and unattacked by Inerteen or gasoline, and non-absorb ent as far as moisture, Inerteen, or gasoline are concerned. The electrodes in thqtest cup between which the sample is tested shall be-circular discs of polished brass or copper, 1 in. in diameter, with square (90) edges. The electrodes shall be mounted in the test cup with their axes horizontal and coincident, with a gap of 0.100 in. between their adjacent faces, and with tops of electrodes about l 1^ in. below the top of the cup. (A suitable test cup is shown in Fig. 1, and portable testing outfits in Figs. 2, 3, and 4.) PROCEDURE The spacing of electrodes shall be checked with a standard round gauge having a diameter of 0.100 in., and the electrodes then locked in position. The electrodes and the test cup shall be wiped clean with dry, calendered tissue paper or with a clean, dry chamois skin and thoroughly rinsed with Inerteen-fiee, dry gasoline or benzine until they are entirely free from fibers. The test cup shall be filled with dry, lead-free gasoline or benzine, and voltage applied with uni form increase at the rate of approximately 3000 volts (rms) per second until breakdown occurs. If the di electric strength is not less than 25 kv, the cup shall be considered in suitable condition for testing the Inerteen. If a lower test value is obtained the cup shall be cleaned with gasoline and the test repeated. Note: Evaporation .0/ g a so lin e from the electrodes m ay chill them sufficien tly to cau se moisture to condense on their su rfa ce . For this reason, a fte r the fin a l rin sin g with gasolin e, the test cup should be im m ediately fille d with the Inerteen which is b e in g tested, a n d *he test m ade at once, or. the electrodes should be thoroughly dried before using. 8 NPC00016034 207760 TESTING METHODS, The temperature of the test cup and of the Inerteen when tested shall be the same as that of the room, which should be between 68F and 66F. (20C and 30C.) Testing at lower temperatures is likely to give variable results which may be mis leading. The sample in the container shall be agitated with a swirling motion (to avoid introducing air) so I.B. 4MCT-1 INERTEEN INSULATING FLUID as to mix the Inerteen thoroughly before filling the test cup. This is even more important with used Inerteen than with new Inerteen as the impurities may be precipitated and the test may be misleading. The cup shall be filled with Inerteen to a height of no less than 0.79 in. (20 mm) above the top of the electrodes. The Inerteen shall be gently agitated by rocking the cup and allowing it to stand in the cup for three minutes before the first and one minute before each succeeding puncture. This will allow air bubbles to escape. Voltages shall be applied and increased uni formly at a rate of approximately 3000 volts (rms) per second until breakdown occurs as indicated by a continuous discharge across the gap. (Occasional momentary discharges which do not result in a per manent arc may occur; these should be disregarded.) FIG. 1. Fluid Test Cup for Dielectric Test TESTS a . Except as specified in (b) one breakdown test shall be made on each of five fillings of the test cup. If the average deviation from the mean exceeds 10 percent or if any individual test deviates more than 25 percent from the average, additional tests shall be made. The dielectric strength shall be deter mined by averaging the first five tests that conform to the allowable variations. b. When Inerteen is tested in considerable quan tity, so that the time required for testing is excessive and when it is merely desired to determine whether the breakdown safely exceeds the limit speciiied. or in those cases where the amount of Inerteen avail able for test may be very limited, one breakdown test shall be made on each of two fillings of the test cup. If neither breakdown is below this value the Inerteen may be considered satisfactory and no further tests shall be required. If either of the breakdowns is less than the specified value a break down shall be made on each of three additional fillings and test results analyzed in accordance with (a). Report. The report shall include the vohs rms value) at each breakdown and the average :>* 'r.e two or five breakdowns and the temperature i.f 'he Inerteen at the time of the test. POUR TEST N ote: The procedures covered ty ' ` follow ing instructions for the pour fe * * FIG. 2. Portable Oil Testing Set, V2 Kva, 35,000 Volts - e s p e c ia lly the neutralization test, req u .tr 1, - NPC00016035 207761 9 TESTIN G METHODS ia l equipment. The neutralization test must be m ade by a competent chemist, preferably one sp e c ia liz in g in this p articu lar field. Customers who do not p o ssess these facilities are offered, a t n om inal cost, the use of the Westinghouse Inerteen Testing Service. Contact the n earest W estinghouse Office for details. The pour point oi Inerteen is the lowest temper ature at which it will pour or flow when it is chilled without disturbance under certain definite specified conditions. A p p a ra tu s. The test jar (see Fig. 4) shall be clear glass, of cylindrical shape, approximately lVi in. inside diameter and to 5 in. high, with a flat bottom. An ordinary 4 oz. Inerteen sample bottle may be used if the test jar is not available. The cork shall fit the test jar, and shall be bored centrally to accommodate the test thermometer. The thermometer shall conform to A.S.T.M. spec ifications for pour test. It may be ordered as: A.S.T M. thermometer low cloud and pour, -70F (--56.7C ) to 70F (+ 21.1C). The jacket shall be of glass or metal and shall be watertight, of cylindrical form, flat bottomed, about 41/2 in- deep, with inside diameter 1/2 in. greater than outside diameter of the test jar. A disc of cork or felt % in. thick and of the same diameter as the inside of the jacket shall be placed in the bottom of the jacket. The ring gasket shall be about % in. thick, made to fit snugly around the outside of the test jar and loosely inside the jacket. This gasket may be made of cork, felt, or other suitable material, elastic enough to cling to the test jar and hard enough to hold its shape. The purpose of the ring gasket is to prevent the test jar from touching the jacket. The cooling bath shall be of a type suitable for obtaining the required temperature. The size and shape of the bath are optional but a support suitable for holding the jacket firmly in a vertical position is essential. For determination of very low pour points, a smaller insulated cooling bath may be used and the test jar placed directly in it. The required bath temperature may be maintained by refrigeration if available, otherwise by suitable freezing mixtures. P roced u re. The Inerteen to be tested shall be brought to a temperature at least 25F. (14C.), above the approximate cloud point. Moisture, if present, shall be removed by any suitable method, as by filtration through dry filter paper until the Inerteen is perfectly clear. (Such filtration shall be made at a temperature at least 25 F. (14C.), above the approximate cloud point.) The Inerteen shall be poured into the test jar, to a height of not less than 2 in. or more than 2 ^ in. When necessary, the Inerteen shall be heated in a water bath just enough so it will pour into the test jar. The test jar shall be tightly closed by the cork carrying the test thermometer in a vertical position in the center of the jar; the thermometer bulb should be im m e r se d so that the beginning of the capillary shall be tyg in. below the surface of the Inerteen. Heat without stirring to a temperature of 115 'F (46.1 C.) in a bath maintained at not higher than 118F. (47.8C.). The Inerteen shall then be cooled to 90F. (32.2C.) in air or in a water bath approxi mately 77 F. (25 C.) in temperature. Th cork or felt disc shall he placed in the bottom of the jacket and the test jar, with the ring gasket 1 in. above the bottom, shall be inserted into tbe jacket. The disc, gasket, and inside of jacket shall be clean, and dry. 10 NPC00016036 207762 TESTING METHODS During the cooling of the Inerteen, care hall be taken not to disturb the mass of the Inerteen nor to permit the thermometer to shift in the Inerteen. The temperature of the cooling bath hall be adjusted so that it is below the pour point--approxi mately -25.6F (-32 C)--of the Inerteen by not less than 15 =F. (8.3C) nor more than 30F. (16.7C), and the cooling bath shall be maintained at this temperature throughout the test. The jacket con taining the test jar shall be supported firmly in a vertical position in the cooling bath so that not more than 1 in. of the jacket projects out of the cooling medium. Beginning at a temperature 20F. (11.1C.) above the expected pour point, at each lower test-thermom eter reading which is a multiple of 5F. (2.8 C), the test jar shall be removed from the jacket care fully and shall be tilted just sufficiently to ascertain whether there is a movement of the Inerteen in the test jar. The complete operation of removal and replacement shall require not more than three sec onds. As soon as the Inerteen in the test jar does not flow when the jar is tilted, the test jar hall be F IG . 4. A p p aratu s for Pour Taat _________________I.. U-4tfr-l INCHTEEN INSULATING FLUID held in a horizontal position for exactly five seconds, as noted by a stop watch or other accurate timing device, and observed carefully. If the Inerteen show any movement under these conditions, the test jar shall be immediately replaced in the jacket and the same procedure repeated at the next tem perature reading 5F. (2.8C.) below the previous reading. The test shall be continued in this manner until a point is reached at which the Inerteen in the test jar shows no movement when the test jar is held in a horizontal position for exactly five seconds. The reading of the test thermometer at this temperature, corrected for error if necessary, shall be recorded. The pour point shall be taken as the temperature 5F. (2.8C.) above this solid point. NEUTRALIZATION TEST The Neutralization Number is the number of milligrams of potassium hydroxide required to neu tralize the a d d in one gram of Inerteen. Solatio ns Required. a . Standard Potassium Hydroxide Solution (alco holic, 0.1 N)--add 6 g. of c.p. solid KOH to 1 liter of c.p. anhydrous isopropyl alcohol. Boil, add 2 g. of c.p. Ba (OH)a and boil again. Cool, filter and store in a chemically resistant bottle protected by a guard tube containing soda lime and soda asbestos (Ascarite). Standardize against pure potassium acid phthalate using phenolphthalein as an indicator. b. Titration Solvent--Add 500 ml. of c.p. benzene and 5 ml of water to 495 ml of c.p. anhydrous isopropyl alcohol. c. Alpha-Naphtholbenzein Indicator Solution-- Prepare a solution containing 10 g. of alpha-naptholbenzein per liter of c.p. anhydrous isopropyl alcohol. P ro c e d u re . Into a 250 ml Erlenmeyer flask introduce 40 g. of Inerteen weighed accurately. Add 100 ml oi the titration solvent and 3 ml of the indicator solution. Titrate immediately at a tempera ture below 30C . Consider the end point definite if the color change to green persists for 15 seconds. A blank shall be determined on the solvent. C a lc u la tio n s. The neutralization number or mg. KOH-- p er g. of Inerteen =-(A----B---(Nw--) -x--5--6-.-1 A = ml KOH solution required for sample. B = ml KOH solution required for blank. N = normality of KOH solution. W = grams of sample used. NPC00016037 11 207763 APPARATUS FOR RECONDITIONING There are several types of reconditioning appa tion, incorporating the top screen for the inner tank ratus available, the relative advantages of each of and the solid cover for the outer tank. The Inerteen which are as follows: 1. The Inerteen Conditioner is the most effective method of removing moisture, dirt, and other con taminating materials from Inerteen. 2. The filter press is suitable for treating Inerteen containing only small quantities of water and dirt. is pumped into the lower space and is forced up through the activated clay, insuring thorough agita tion of the clay and Inerteen. The Inerteen is passed through the fine mesh upper screen and out into the space between the two tanks. The discharge pipe is at the lower end of the outside tank and any air in the Inerteen is trapped in the upper space of INERTEEN CONDITIONER The Inerteen Conditioner consists of a clay con tainer, clay filter, a motor-driven positive pressure pump, attendant valves, gauges, and relief devices, all mounted on a common base. the outside tank where it may be drawn off. Since the density of Inerteen is considerably greater than that of water, moisture will float on the surface of the Inerteen. It is, therefore, considered advisable to condition Inerteen from the top and return it to the bottom of the Inerteen filled appara The motor and pump are combined as a unit and tus. a strainer is provided on input to the pump to pre vent entrance of large particles. The units are de signed to operate under working pressures up to 60 psi. However, the usual operating pressure is 30 psi to 40 psi. Excessive pressures are prevented by two automatic by-pass valves. One by-pass valve connected across the pump is set to by-pass the Inerteen at a pressure of 60 psi to 70 psi. The other by-pass valve is connected on the discharge side of the conditioner. This latter by-pass valve, releas ing at a pressure of approximately 5 psi, will avoid breaking the transformer relief diaphragm when no other relief is provided. Pump pressures are in dicated by a pressure gauge. One charge of clay is composed of approximately 40 pounds of 15-30 mesh activated clay. * This rela tively large volume of clay makes only occasional changes of clay necessary, depending of course on the amount and condition of the Inerteen filtered. Normally one charge will condition approximately 3000 gallons of Inerteen. The coarse granulated clay used gives maximum surface contact between clay and liquid and makes possible a rapid and thorough mixing of the clay and Inerteen to accom plish complete reconditioning of the Inerteen as it passes through the clay tank. The clay granules are removed from the Inerteen by means of fine screen in the 3 GPM filter and by screen and paper S e v e n CPM U nit. The activated clay is con in the 7 GPM filter. tained in a tank mounted on one end of the filter frame. This tank is provided with a cover which incorporates an air-trap and vent to remove air which might be present in the tank and piping. The Inerteen is pumped up through the clay, insur ing thorough agitation of the clay and Inerteen. The Inerteen is passed through a wire screen prior to The clay never passes through the pump to cause wear on pump parts and consequent loss of pump ing capacity. As soon as the charge of activated clay is placed in the tank and the cover clamped in place, the unit is ready for immediate use. Neither clay nor filter paper can be effectively entering the paper filter to remove practically all of dried of water after they have once become the clay. The paper filter consists of 18 frames and saturated with Inerteen. Therefore, extreme care 17 plates, alternately spaced, mounted in a yoke. should be taken to see that both clay and filter paper One sheet of filter paper" is used between each are thoroughly dried when placed in the filter. plate and frame to provide^gasket seal and remove all traces of clay from the Inerteen. (See Fig. 8) The clay may be dried in a high temperature oven at 200 deg. C. for six hours and shallow pans T h re e CPM U nit. This unit utilizes two tanks, are preferred as containers for the clay while drying. one within the other. The activated clay is held A paper drying oven may be used if a high tempera in the inner tank by suitable screens at top and ture oven is not available, with a drying time ex bottom. The space below the inner tank is complete tended to approximately twenty-four hours at the ly sealed off from the rest of the space between the oven's highest temperature. The filter paper should two tanks. The cover is of double-deck construc be dried six to twelve hours at 85C. to I00C., * Fiitar pa par o d a c b .a ta d clay mar ba obtatoad iro n lba W aatinghouaa Sharon Plant. 12 N P C 0 0 0 1 6 0 3 8 207764 F IG . 5. Three G allon -p er-M in u te C on d ition er depending on the condition of the paper and the spacing of the sheets in the oven. Both paper and clay should be placed directly in the filter after the drying process as either, if exposed, will absorb considerable moisture from the atmosphere in a very short time. Each fresh charge of clay will absorb about three gallons of Inerteen. This should be provided for to prevent depleting the supply in the apparatus, but most of this Inerteen may be recovered when chang ing clay. This can be accomplished most effectively by re moving the used clay from the filter and placing it in a tanlc of approximately 30 gallons capacity con taining about 5 gallons of water. The tank should have a drain valve at its bottom edge and should be tilted somewhat toward this valve. The clay thus placed in water, having a greater affinity for water, will give up the inerteen it has absorbed and become saturated with water. The Inerteen being heavier than water will sink to the bottom; the clay and water will float on top. After settling for several hours, most of the Inerteen may be drawn off through the valve. This Inerteen may be reconditioned and used again in recharging the conditioner. The used clay should be discarded I.B, 44-460-1 INERTEEN INSULATING FLUID clay tank and fill the tank with activated clay, 4440-3, to within four inches of the bottom edge of the inner flange. Replace screen and cover. Release the pressure-screw of the filter press and loosen plates and frames. Place one sheet of "B " size blotting paper between the face of each frame and plate. Care should be used to see that the holes thru the plates, frames and paper are in proper alignment before the pressure screw is tightened. Close the discharge, tank by-pass, tank drain, suc tion and suction-test valves. Open the air discharge valve. Pour sufficient Inerteen into the drip pan to fill the clay tank and wet the clay. This will require approximately eight gallons of Inerteen. Start the motor and open the drip pan valve a small amount so that not less than 5 minutes are required to fill the clay tank, saturating the clay with Inerteen. (If Iner teen is admitted too rapidly, it will tend to pack the clay into the top of the tank.) With the valve at the apparatus closed, open the suction-test valve to subject the suction line to pressure and thus check it for leaks. Stop motor and close suction-test, air discharge, and drip pan valves. To begin conditioning Inerteen in Inerteen filled a p p a r a t u s , open the apparatus valves. Open the conditioner discharge and suction valves. At inter vals open air discharge valve to allow trapped air to escape and close when Inerteen starts to flow through valve. Open drip pan valve at intervals too, to remove Inerteen which may have dripped into the drip pan. When it is necessary to change the clay, first close the valve in the suction line, close the tank To Prepare the 7 GPM Conditioner for O peration. Remove the cover and screen from the F IG . 6. Seven G allon -p er-M in ute C onditioner NPC00016039 13 207765 X A P P A R A T U S TOR RECONDITIONING___-- inlet and outlet valves, open the tank by-pass valve, the tank drain valve and the air vent valve to per mit the free Inerteen in the tank to drain into the lower drip pan. Open the drip pan valve and pump the Inerteen from the drip pan through the filter press. Shut down the motor and remove the clay from the tank and refill with fresh clay as previously described. To change the filter or blotting papers, stop the motor and close suction and discharge valves. Slow ly back off the pressure screw, permitting the Iner teen trapped in the frames to be released gradually. Then back off the pressure screw completely, open up the press and let the surplus Inerteen drain from the papers. Replace the saturated papers with clean dry paper and retighten the press. If the system-seal is not broken, it will only be necessary to open the discharge and auction valves and start the motor to resume conditioning the Inerteen. T o P rep are the 3 GPM Conditioner for O p eratio n . Remove the cover and screen from the clay tank and fill the inner tank with activated clay, 4440-3, to within four inches of the top. Replace screen and cover. Close the discharge and suction valves and open air discharge and drip pan valves about 1/3 open. Start motor and pour sufficient Inerteen into the drip pan to fill the clay tank and wet the clay. This will require approximately eight gallons. Not less than five minutes should be re quired to fill the clay tank and saturate the clay with Inerteen. With the valve at the apparatus closed, open the suction-test valve to subject the suction line to pressure and thus check it for leaks. Stop motor and close suction-test, air discharge and drip pan valves. To begin conditioning Inerteen, open apparatus valves, open the conditioner discharge and suction valves and start motor. At intervals open air discharge valve to let trapped air escape and close as soon as Inerteen flows from the valve. When it is necessary to change the clay, first stop motor and close the valves in the suction and discharge lines. Remove discharge hose and open the discharge valve and tank drain valve to permit the Inerteen in the tank and discharge hose to drain into a container. After draining is complete, remove inner tank and dump the clay from the inner tank and refill with fresh clay as previously described. The used clay should be discarded. BLOTTER FILTER PRESS The blotter filter press (See Fig. 7) is essentially a number of sets of blotter filter papers in parallel, each set containing several thicknesses. The Iner teen is pumped through filter paper which absorbs the water and strains out the sediment. Other C lasses of S e rv ice . Although there are other uses, such as cleaning of low-viscosity insulat ing compounds, benzine, etc., it is recommended that a cleaning device intended for Inerteen re conditioning should not be used for other classes of work, due to danger of subsequent contamination of the Inerteen. C a p a city . The capacity of these machines, with Inerteen pressure and filtering area fixed, depends on the viscosity of the Inerteen and its freedom from dirt. With fairly clean Inerteen at ordinary room temperature, the capacity of the machines will vary from normal to about 15 percent above normal, de pending on the viscosity (which varies with the temperature). It has been found that the best results are obtained when the Inerteen temperature is about 50C. The average working pressure of these machines is less than 40 psi and the pressure relief valve is set at the factory to by-pass the full flow at from 60 psi to 80 psi. A p p aratu s. There are three standard sizes of Westinghouse filter presses: B-5, B-10, and A-30 The letter designates the size of filter paper; the number indicates the relative capacity in gallons per minute. The complete outfit consists of filterpress, motor, strainer, pump, gas trap, pressure gauge, drip pan. wheels, and piping. The piping is arranged 0 the line can be tested for leaks under pressure. Ah machines are mounted on a fabricated structural steel frame. The drip pan can be removed by dis connecting one pipe coupling and four bolts The strainer can be cleaned by disconnecting three bolts The pumps are of the helical-gear type to miutt quietness and smooth flow of Inerteen. The A 30 pump is connected to the motor through flexible couplings. The B-5 and B-10 pumps are mounted directly on the rear motor bracket and dnven through a helical reduction gear. 'The filter press proper is made up of a senes oi cast iron plates and frames assembled alternate!? with the filter papers between them. By means ot screw and cast-iron end block,-the plates, frame and papers are forced tightly together. Excep* to a machined rim which serves as a joint to pre*en* 14 NPC00016040 207766 A P P A R A T U S FOR RECONDITIONING______ i\ the escape of Inerteen, the plates are cast with small pyramids on both surfaces. The plates and frames have holes in two comers and supporting lugs at the sides. The plates have handles cast on the top edge. When the plates and frames are assembled with the filter papers between, the holes form the inlet and outlet. The frames have the holes in the upper comer connected by small ducts to the middle of the frame. The plates have ducts leading from the surface of the plate to the hole in the lower comer. (See Fig. 8) The Inerteen enters under pressure at the top comer through the inlet formed by the holes in the frames, plates, and filter papers, flows into the frames through the same ducts, and completely fills the chamber formed by the frame and two sets of filter paper. As there are no outlet ducts in the frame, the Inerteen is forced through the paper and flows along the grooves between the rows of pyramids and out through the ducts provided at the lower comer of the plates. The dry filter paper takes up the moisture and removes the sediment from the Inerteen. Operation. The filter press is made ready for operation by placing a set of five sheets of filter paper (that have been thoroughly dried in an elec tric oven) between each filter plate and frame. The holes in the filter paper must line up with the holes in the plates and frames. The se d im ent is strained out by the first layer of paper and the moisture is taken up by the capillary action of the paper. If any moisture remains, it indicates that the filter papers are saturated with moisture and should be renewed. No rule can be given as to how often the papers must be changed, as this depends entirely on the condition of the Inerteen. The usual pro cedure is to run the machine for about half an hour (if the Inerteen is not in very bad condition) and then shut down; remove one sheet from the inlet side of each set and put in a new sheet on the outlet ride^of each set. (The frame is the inlet side and the plate is the outlet ride.) Frequent dielectric tests should be made.during this procedure as wet Iner teen may necessitate recharging the filter press with a full set of papfiYF before the five sheets have been removed in succession. The quickest method of filtering a quantity of Inerteen is to pump all the Inerteen through the filter and into another tank which is clean and dry. If care is taken-to change the filter papers before they become saturated, the Inerteen will be clean and dry. If a second tank for holding the Inerteen __________________l . t . 44-W0-1 INERTEEN INSULATING FLUID FIG . 7. B-10 Blotter Filter Presa is not available, or if it is desired to filter the Inerteen of apparatus while it is in service, the Inerteen may be pumped from the top of the apparatus tank through the filter and returned to the bottom of the same tank under the surface of the Inerteen. This operation should be continued until the Inerteen in the apparatus tank shows a sufficiently high dielec tric strength. When a large quantity of Inerteen is to be filtered, time may be saved by using two filter presses, one of which may be operated while the other is being recharged. Filtering through blotter filter papers does no! materially reduce organic acidity or improve re sistance to emulsification, although the dielectric strength may be restored to a satisfactory value The capacity of the filter press is much reduced when operating at low temperatures. When the Inerteen has to be filtered at low tem peratures, an additional pump in the pipe Line is desirable. Inerteen in apparatus contaminated by only s small amount of moisture may be reconditioned by drawing the Inerteen from the top of the appara'u* tank, passing it through the filter press, and pump ing it back into the bottom of the a p p a r a t u s The Inerteen should be put through the system until a sample drawn from the top of the apparatus gives satisfactory dielectric values. B lotter F ilter P a p e r. The filter paper u se d * a special grade of blotting paper about 025 ir. thick; it contains no coloring matter or chem la -which might injure the Inerteen. Five sheets cu* o NPC00016041 207767 15 A PPA RA TU S TOR RECONDITIONING the proper size, 12Vs in- square for the A sizes and 7% in. square for the B sizes, and with holes punched to correspond with the holes in the plates and frames, are used between each plate and the adjacent frames. To obtain the best results in reconditioning Inerteen, the paper must be perfectly dry when first placed in the press. Filter paper always takes up F IG . 8. B lo tte r F ilter Press F ram e Show ing B lotter Filter Papers in Place moisture if exposed to the air for any length of time and for this reason care must be used in handling. The standard paper is carried in packages contain ing one ream, carefully wrapped in waxed paper and covered with heavy wrapping paper. E lectric D rying O vens. Electric drying ovens for use with Type A and Type B filter presses require 2000 watts and 1400 watts respectively. The interior of the ovens is provided with rods for supporting the filter paper to facilitate rapid and thorough dry ing. An automatic thermostat having a range of 6 5 C to 120C is provided for maintaining uniform oven temperature. The thermostat is adjusted at the factory for 100 C, the recommended value, and the setting marked so that the operator may convenient ly reset thermostat to 100C if adjustment is changed. The standard thermostat-equipped oven is suit able for alternating current only. Ovens to operate on direct current are special and are equipped with a thermometer and a manually operated three-heat switch. By moving one rod, the Type A oven can be used for drying Type B paper. The normal capacity of the Type A oven is 240 sheets and the Type B oven is 180 sheets when spaced inch apart. . NPC00016042 16 207768 * * * r x - ... /r-_ .V -'. WESTINGHOUSE ELECTRIC CORPORATION HZADQUAirratst m u k x t y a ve., p. o. bo x 227, Pittsb u r g h m, pa. ? I I I I A K L O a TEXAS, B08 Graut B ld g, Bte * f t A D O t f l OHIO, 108 Sodk Main I F ALBANTB. * T . Railroad At* ALBUQUERQUE . t f f l . 0 1 3 * Central A n ., 8 . I , Be* 157 ALLENTOWN, P A , 7 3 B t a H o t S t AKAULLO, m W , 903 Amarillo 9 k l , 1 Pott SL APPLETON. W IS, S 3 w College A. ATLANTA 1 G A , 1299 N o rtW a Do, X. W , P.O. Boa 4806 ADOUSTATWa o Il 9 B o n u 9L BAKERSFIELD, CALIF.. 1210 181k 9l BALTIMORE 1 M D , 801 S t Paul PL BEAUMONT, TEXAS, SIS An O c a National Bank Bid. BIRMINGHAM 3. ALA.. 1407 Comar Bid. RT irrrm n W. V A, 704 Bland 9 t. P O . Box 848 B O ISE IDAHO, 318 Capitol B led, P.O. Boa 1518 BOSTON 10, MASS.. 10 High St. BKHX2KPOFT 8. CONN, 540 Grant S t BU7TALO 3, N. T , Ellicott Squar* Bid. BUTTE MONT, 1 Baal Broadway CANTON 2, OHIO. 120 W. Tuacarawaa S t a CZDAJt RAPIDS, IOWA. 312 Dow Bid., 210 2nd S t, 8 1 ., P O. Boa 1828 CHARLESTON, B. C , 6 Padak Bond. Moroland. P O Boa 303 CHARLESTON 23, # . V A , 17 8m S t, P.O. Boa 911 CHAHLOTTX L N. C , 210 Baal Slatk S t CHATTANOOGA 2. TENN, VoUalamr Btata Lila B id , Eu Qaowto At* . A Eaat 9th SL CHICAGO. ILL, Marchaadia* Mart Pteoa CINCINNATI 2, OHIO. 207 W **t Third 8 t e CLEVELAND 13, OHIO.1370 Ontario Bt COLUMBIA, COLUMBUS ISS.,CO,H1I8O0,82G62lad* d. e4ntkBStL, P.O. Boa 5283 g CORPUS CHRISTL TEXAS, 334 K teB aB ldg, 208 M. CkaparraJ S t DALLAS L TEXAS, 1232 PkUHtr Union Lila Bid. DAVENPORT IOWA, 2212 E l i f t S t . DATTON 2. OHIO, 32 Norik Main S t DKNVEX C O L O , 910 Flftaanft 9 t DBS MObfXS 8. IOW A 1406 Walnut Bt DETROIT 32, MICH, 3737 Trumbull At*.. P.O Boa 302 DULUTH 2, MINN, 406 Bradley B id , 10 Baat Superior 9t. BL PASO, ttX A S. 718 Mllla Bid. EMERYVILLE 8, CALIF., 3615 Paledeau S t E m 2, PA, 1003 Stata S t rVAHbVTLLX 8, END, 106 V ia* S t FAIRMONT, W. VA, 10th and Belttne Bta, P.O. Boa U47 PXBGUS PALLS, MINN, K M * W. Ltnooln At* . PORT WATN1 2. DTD, 124 Waahiagtoa S t PT. WORTH 2, TEXAS. 1205 Electric Bid. 7RBSNO L CALIF, 2808 CakiornU At* . GRAND RAPIDS 2. MICH, 148 Monro* At* , N.W GREENSBORO, N. C , 1008 Pamkoo Drira. P.O. Boot 3072 GREENVILLE. 8 C , 180 W. Tallulah Driaa, P.O. Bo* 1591 HAGERSTOWN, MD, 5 Pubbc Square HAMMOND, END, 8341 IndJanapoa Bird. HARTFORD S. CON N, 119 Ann B t HOUSTON 2, TEXAS, 5 0 7 DaHa* A t* . HUNTINGTON L W. V A , 1029 S w a M At* , P.O Boa 1150 HUNTSVILLE, A LA , 1802 Alabama 9 t, P.O. Boa 42 INDIANAPOLIS 9, IND, 137 S. PaanayHaaia S t IACXSON, MICH, 120 Wa*t Michigan At* . lACESON M ISS, fondroe 4-**- P.O. Boa 4296 I ACESONVTLLE 6. FLA , 545 E 4 ft Bt, P.O. Boa Dtaw.r E JOHNSON OTT, N. r , 41S Grand At* I OHNSTOWN, P A , Wallace B id , 406-410 Mara St KANSAS C3TT 6. M O , 101 W Eenth S t EINGSPOBT, TXNN, 145 Commerce S t ENOXVILLE 8, TXNN, Gay and Clinch S t LATE CHARLES. LA , P O Boa 1336 LINCOLN. NEBR, 401 Fadaral S a c a n tw Bldg W.LITTLE ROOT A RE, 707 B ori* Bldg, 103 W. Canted Ik LONG BEACH. CA LIF, 849 12ft S t LOS ANGELES 17. C A LIF, 800 Bt P ad At* . \ ;-T i LOUISVILLE 2. K T, 332 W n Broadway MADISON 3, W IS, 1022 E Waahmgtau At* MEDFORD. ORE., 1233 C o*rt 9l MEMPHIS 3, T E^N , 8 2S Eachan a B ldg, 130 Madimm At* MIAMI 32. t lA .. 730 Ingraham Rida. M IL W A U rn 2. W IS, 538 N. Broadway MINNEAPOLIS 13. MINN, 2303 ta a a *d y Bt. N X *; i :% MOBILE. ALA, 1605 Marchanta NatM Bank Bldg. NASHVILLE 4. TENN, 401--6th At* . 8. NEWARK 2, N J , 1180 Raymond Bird. NEW HAVEN 8. CO N N , 42 Church S t, P.O. Beat 1817 NEW ORLEANS 12. L A , 1226 Whitney B ld g, 288 Bt C h a d ** Bt - 'A NIW TORE 5. N. T , 40 Wall S t NIAGARA PALLS. N T , 2S3 S *oo*d Bt NORFOLK 10. V A , 915 W. 21at S t ., - OKLAHOMA O T T 2. O K L A , 120 N. Roblnacn BL OLEAN. N. T , Exchan# N afl. Bank Bldg , 201 N. U tea* S t OMAHA 2. NEBR, 117 North Thirtwanlh S t PEORIA 3. ILL, 2800 N. Adana S t ' PHILADELPHIA 4. PA., 3001 Waina! S t PHOENIX. ARIZ, U10 N. 21*t At* , P.O Bo 0 4 4 PITTSBURGH 30. P A , 306 4th At* P.O Bo 1017 . , PORTLAND 4. ORE , 309 S W. Sixth At* . ' *:.* PROVIDENCE 3, R. t , 51 Kmnlr* S t 'X RALEIGH. N. C , P.O. Bo 2146 ` ` -X READING. PA 524 Court 9 t w, RICHMOND 19. V A, T r*T l*n B ld g, 1110 Eari Main r RIVERSIDE. CALIF, S o d * 12, 3614--9th SL ROANOKE 4. V A , 303 l*t S t , S.W. ROCHESTER 11, N. T , 1 M cE a* Bd. ROCKPORD, ILL, 323 South Main BL --. RUTLAND, VT,, 98 Marchnnt* Row SACRAMENTO 14, C A L IF , 1720--14& Bt SAGINAW. MICH, 221 So. Jaflaroo* S t ST. LOUIS, M O , 411 North SaTanth S t SALT LAKE O T T 1. UTAH 235 W. Sooft Tempi# SL SAN ANTONIO 5, TEXAS. 11S W. Trad# S t SAN DIEGO L C LIF, 525 "E " St. SAN FRANCISCO 8. CA LIF, 410 Buah S t * < J rtr- SAVANNAH G A , 204 Realty B ld g, P.O. Bo* 2008 SEATTLE 4. W ASH, 3451 Eaat Marginal Way . .v i " SHREVEPORT, L A , 412 M ilan S t *. SIOUX C m 7, IOWA, 1005 Dao* S t v i .* SOUTH BEND 4. IND, 216 Eat Wayn* 8 t n SPARTANBURG. S C , 331 High Point Road, P.O. Bo* 280 SPOKANE L WASH, North 1023 Mouro* S t ^ SPRINGFIELD. ELL, 607 E. Adana Bt, P.O. Box 37 SPRINGFIELD 3, M A SS, 26 Varnon S t STRACUSX 4. N T , 700 W. G an ***# S t TACOMA 2. WASH . 1930 Padhc At* < , TAMPA, FLA , 608 Tampa S t 7^ TOLEDO 4. OHIO. 245 Summit S t -. TRENTON 8, N. J , 28 W. State SL ' TULSA 3. OKLA, 600 S. Mam S t -V - UTICA 2, N. T , 255-257 N. Ganaaa* S t WALLA WALLA. W ASH , Danny B ld g, P.O. B o* 182 WASHINGTON 6. D. C , 162S T " S t, N.W. WATERLOO. IOWA. 300 W#*t 3rd S t WATERTOWN. N T , 245 SUt S t WHEELING, W V A , 12ft and Main S t (NatT. Bank M W. V O WICHITA, E A N S, 2U So. Main S t fa . WILKES-BARRE P A , 267 N. Pannaytrania At* . WWOILRLCIAEMSTSEPROR8,T,MPAAS,S2, 25107WMUlaiainmmSLwrt Bldg, 480 Market SL YORK. PA , 11 W. Market St. YOUNGSTOWN 3. OHIO, 25 I- B o a rd *# * S t |2 (Z<9O2UIk. ft w i *0ISX ATLANTA 2. G A , 1103 Pich.r S t, N.W. ATLANTA 2, G A , 1299 Northda D n t, N. W,, P O. Bor 4808 AUGUSTA, MAINE. 9 Bowman St. BALTIMORE 24. MD, 4015 Poriar At*. BATON ROUGE 2, L A , 5 5 5 Choctaw DiIt#, P.O. Box 1150 BIRMINGHAM 5. A LA, 3401 Thud At* ., S BOSTON 27, MASS . 235 Old Colony At* . (S o. Borton) BRIDGEPORT 8, CONN, 540 Grant SL BROOKLYN 6, it T , 1 Hamaon P U o* (Wladaor M A R Corp.) BU7TALO 10. N Y , 1132 Seneca S t CHARLOTTE 1, N C , 210 teat Sixth BL CHICAGO 32. ILL, 3900 W. 41*1 S t CINCINNATI 37, OHIO. 1050 Laadlaw At* ., P.O. Bos 40 CLEVELAND 2, OHIO. 5901 Breakwater At* , Station A DENVER 19. C O L O , 200 Rio G ran d * Bird. DETROIT 32, MICH, 5757 Trumkmll At , P.O. Boa 502 DULUTH A M D T 9320 Grand At* EMUTTVILLb 8. CALIF, 5840 Landrogan St. FAHMOMT, W. VA, 10ft and Buttlina St, P.O. Box 1147 FORT WORTH 7, TEXAS, 100 Bnpart SL KTT IRTD8 S. 1 . 1 , 1441 Chaatnnt At* . HOUSTON 20. TEXAS. 5730 Clinton Dr. < HUNTINGTON 1. W. V A , 1029 S#T#nft At* , P.O. Bo 1190 INDIANAPOLIS 25. IND, 551 Waal M.rrill S t. P.O. Boa 1535 JOHNSTOWN. PA , 107 Station St KANSAS C m 6E M O , 1300 Oak S t LOS ANGELES. C A LIF, 3383 E G a g * A t* , P.O. B o * 6 2 9 , Huntingto* Park MILWAUKEE 9. W IS, 1500 W Corn*U SL MINNEAPOLIS 13, MINN, 2303 Kannady S t, N. L PHILADELPHIA 4, P A , 3001 Walnut S t PHILADELPHIA 34. P A , Erie At* . A 'TP' SL PITTSBURGH 8, P A , 543 N. Lang A t* PORTLAND 12. O R E, 626 North TUlamook SL PROVIDENCE 3. R. L. 16 Elbow S t ST LOUIS 10. M O , 1601 S. Vand*T#nlar At* SALT LATE O T T 1. UTAH, 235 W. Solh Tempi* SL SEATTLE 4, WASH . 3451 Eaat Marginal Way SPRINGFIELD 1. M A SS, 395 Liberty S t SUNNTVALK, CALIF. ( S u n y r a i* Plate). P.O. Boa 37 SYRACUSE 4, N. Y , 700 W ad Ganaaa S t UTICA 1. N. T ,, U3 N. Ganaaa SL WILKES-BARRE P A , 267 N. PannaykranU At*. O ^w (90 Zb ISso' ZO *fUt OI se> p AKRON 8, OHIO . 106 S Main 8 t ATLANTA 2, G X ~ I 2 i9 Northnd Drir. N W , P.O. Boa 4808 BALTIMORE 2. MD, JfiL S J PuJ PL BEAUMONT, TEXAS. SlSA m artcan NBanal Bank Bldg. BIRMINGHAM 3. ALA 1407 O m a r Bldg. BOSTON 10. M A SS, 10 High St BUFFALO 3. N. T , EUicotl Square Bldg. BUTTE MONT, 1 Eaat Broadway CHARLOTTE L N. C ,, 210 Eaat Sixth S t CHICAGO. IL L. Marchandi** Marl Plaaa CINCINNATI 2, OHIO. 207 Wwrt Third S t CLEVELAND 13. OHIO, 1370 Ontario S t COLUMBUS 15. OHIO. 262 N 4th S t DALLAS 1. TEXAS. 1232 Pidahty Union Lite Bldg. DAVENPORT. ' O W A .-U U E. 12th S t DENVER. COLO.. 910 Piltaanth S t DES MOINES 8. IOWA. 1408 Wlanut S t * DETROIT 32. MICH, 37S7 Trumbull A t* , P.O. Boa 502 DULUTH 2. MINN, 408 Bradlay B ld g , 10 East Supanor SL EL PASO. TEXAS. 718 Mill# Bldg FRESNO 1, CALIF, 2608 Caliionua At#. GRAND RAPIDS 2, MICH, 148 Monroa At* , N. W. HARTFORD 3. CONN, 119 Ann St HOUSTON 2. TEXAS, 5 0 7 DaDa* A t* . HUNTINGTON L W. V A , 1029 Saranlh At*., P.O. Boa 1150 INDIANAPOLIS 9, IND, 137 S PaunaylTania S t JACKSON, MICH, 120 W Michigan At* . KANSAS OTT 6, M O , 101 W. Elaranlh S t LOS ANGELES 17. C A L IF , 600 S t Paul At* LOUISVILLE 2. KT 332 W*at Broadway MEMPHIS 3. TENN, 8 2S Each an B ld g, 130 Median* At* MILWAUKEE 2. W IS, 5 3 8 N. Broadway . MINNEAPOLIS 13. MINN, 2303 Kannady S t, N K. NEWARK 2. N. I , 1180 Baympnd Bird. NEW ORLEANS 12, L A , 1226 Whitney B ldg, 288 S t Cknria* B t NEW YORK 5, N T , 40 Wall St. NORFOLK 10, V A , 915 W. 21at S t OMAHA 2. NEBR, 117 N. 13ft St. PHILADELPHIA 4. P A , 3001 Walnut SL PHOENIX. ARIZ, 1102 N. 21t At* , P.O. Box 6144 PITTSBURGH 30, P A , 306 4th At* , P.O. Bo 1017 PORTLAND 4. ORE, 309 S.W. 8 ft A t* . RICHMOND 19. V A , 1110 Eaat Mai* SL ROANOEE 4. V X . 303 l*t S t S.W ST LOUIS, M O , 411 North SaT .n ft SL SALT LAKE C ITI L UTAH. 23S W. Sooth Tempi* SL SAN DIEGO 1, CALIF . 525 'T ' S t SAN FRANCISCO 8. CA LIF, 410 Buah St SEATTLE 4, W ASH, 3451 Eaat Marginal Way SPOKANE 1, W ASH, N. 1023 Monro* S t 4& SYRACUSE 4. N T , 700 W. Gnaaaa S t TOLEDO 4. OHIO, 245 Summit SL UTICA 2, N. T , 255-257 G *n a a * S t WASHINGTON 6. D. C , 1625 X ' Street N.W. WILKES-BARRE, P A , 2 6 7 N. PenaayWania At* . YOUNGSTOWN 3, OHIO, 25 E. Boardman 9L NPC0CKI16043 W r ft ' K T C D U .A .