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34904 Federal Register / Vol. 51. No. 189 / Tuesday. September 30. 1986 / Rules and Rcsul.tlions ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY 40 CFR Part 61 (AO-FRL-3044-51 National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Vinyl Chloride; Equipment Leaks of Volatile Hazardous Air Pollutants agency: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). action: Final rule. summary: The EPA proposed administrative and clarifying revisions to the national emission standard for vinyl chloride (VC) on January 9.1965, (50 FR 1182). Certain revisions to the standard are being promulgated in Subpart F through this action and. to a minor extent, in Subpart V of 40 CFR Part 61. Finally, through this action the Agency is denying the petition of the Natural Resources Defense Council (N'RDC) and the Environmental Defense Fund (EDF) which sought reconsideration of the EPA's withdrawal of the amendments to the VC standard which were proposed in 1977. EFFCCTIVC OATE: September 30.1966. Under section 307(b)(1) of the Clean Air Act. judicial review of the actions taken by this notice is available only by filing of a petition for review in the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia circuit within 60 days of today's publication of this rule. Under section 307(b)(2) of the Clean Air Act. the requirements that are the subject for today's notice may not be challenged later in civil or criminal proceedings brought by EPA to enforce these requirements. Incorporation by Reference The incorporation by reference of certain publications in these standards it approved by the Director of the OfFice of the Federal Register as of September 30.1966. addresses: Background Information Document. The background information document (BID) for the promulgated standards may be obtained from the U.S. EPA Library (MD-35), Research Triangle Park. North Carolina 27711. telephone number (919) 541-2777. Please refer to "Vinyl Chloride Standard: Responses to Comments on January 1985 Proposed Revisions." EPA-450/3-86004. The BID contains: (1) A summary of all public comments on the proposed revisions and the Administrator's response to the comments, and (2) a summary of the changes made to the revised standard since proposal. Dockets. A docket, number A-81-21, containing information considered by EPA in developing of thr promulgated revisions to the standard for VC. is available for public inspection between 8:00 a m. and 4:00 p m.. Monday through Friday, at EPA's Central Docket Section (LE-131). West Tower Lobby. Gallery 1. 401 M Street. SW.. Washington. DC 20460. A reasonable fee may be charged for copying. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: For further information concerning the enforcement aspects of the promulgated revisions, contact Mr. Richard Biondi. Compliance Monitoring Branch. Stationary Source Compliance Division. (EN-341). U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 401 M Street SW.. Washington. DC 20469. telephone number (202) 3822628. For further information concerning the background technical information supporting the promulgated revisions, contact Mr. Robert E. Rosensteel. Chemicals and Petroleum Branch. Emission Standards and Engineering Division (MD-13), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Research Triangle Park. North Carolina 27711. telephone number (919) 541-5671. For other information on the regulation of VC and the promulgated revisions, contact Mr. Fred Dimmick. Standards Development Branch. Emission Standards and Engineering Division (MD-13). U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Research Triangle Park. North Carolina 27711, telephone number (919) 541-5578. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Summary of Revisions to the Standard The VC standard was promulgated on October 21,1970 (41 FR 40560) and applies to plants producing ethylene dichloride (EDC) via oxychlortnetion, plant producing VC and plants producing polyvinyl chloride (PVC) or other polymers containing VC. These plants are subject to a combination of performance, equipment and work practice requirements at numerous points in the manufacturing processes. Based on its review of the technological basis and administrative aspects of the original standard. EPA proposed several administrative and clarifying revisions to the standard on January 9.1985 (50 FR 1182). The comments received and actions taken on these proposed revisions are discussed below. Requirements for Leak Detection and Repair Programs As proposed in January 1985. VC is being added to the list of substances covered by 40 CFR Part 61 Subpart V, which contains regulations for leaks from certain equipment in volatile hazardous air pollutant (VHAP) service. Previously, plant owners subject to the VC standard were required to prepare leak detection and repair plans for each VC and PVC manufacturing facility and lo submit these plans !o EPA for review. An analysis of the plans submitted revealed (hat these plans varied widely from plant to plant. Further, some plans were considered to be inadequate and ineffective approaches to the control of VC leaks. The incorporation of Subpart V by the standard for VC emissions establishes standardized procedures for identifying leaks of VC and for taking steps to minimize emissions and repair leaks. Further, the incorporation of Subpart V will also accomplish a standardization of the definition of what constitutes a leak for routine leak detection. However, to avoid unnecessary changes to existing plans which are effective in detecting and repairing VC leaks, the standard contains provisions whereby any facility may demonstrate through annual (or more frequent, if requested by the Administrator) performance tests that the percentage of leaking valves remains at 2 percent as an alternative to following the Subpart V procedures. An owner may continue to follow the existing leak detection and elimination program for that facility for the purpose of achieving the 2 percent performance limit,jlowever. exisiing plans are no longefrequired. nordo'thevnecesganiy meeTthe promulgated requirements. Compliance Test Procedure and Specific Opening Loss Limit for PVC Reactors Used as Strippers The Federal Register notice that promulgated the current VC standard stated that VC escaping from PVC resin that has been stripped in the reactor is not intended to be included as part of the VC emissions measured under the reactor opening loss requirements. For .nonbulk PVC reactors which are used as strippers, however, no method was specified to determine what part of the VC in the vapor space of the reactor had escaped after the stripping was completed. Consequently, a method was proposed for determining the reactor opening loss that accounts for stripping in the PVC reactor for use by all nonbulk resin producers. After considering the comments on this proposed revision, EPA decided to promulgate the revision. Another proposed change in the standard affecting PVC reactors used as strippers applied to the production of bulk PVC resins. Two separate vessels are used in bulk resin production, a "prepolymerization" vessel and a "post polymerization" vessel. Under the standard promulgated in 1976. both of these vessels were subject to the reactor ABB00080840 \ A Federal Register / Vol. 51. No. 169 / Tuesday. September 30. 1906 / Rules and Regulations 34905 i opening loss requirements. However, an analysis of the operation of prepolymerization vessels revealed that these reactors are opened less frequently than other types of reactors, and that the determination of gross only allowed when the combined stream is ducted to a control device. The inprocess wastewater requirements for gasholder seals are also being revised to exclude the exposed water seal of gasholders. have been considered carefully and. where determined to be appropriate by EPA. changes have been made to the proposed revisions to the standard. Significant Comments Since Proposal product (required for the calculation of reactor opening loss) is impractical. In [anuary 1965. EPA proposed to apply the equipment opening loss requirements, rather than the reactor opening loss requirements, to these PVC reactors. The equipment opening loss requirements are mare appropriate for the operating characteristics of the prepolymerization reactor vends and do not change the overall VC cohesion contra! stringency applicable prepolymerize!ism reactors. After considering the comments an this proposed revision. EPA decided to promulgate the revision. Clarification ofDefinitions and Standards Based on the EPA's experience with administering the VC standard, several provisions of the standard are being revised to reduce any ambiguity in their implementation. For example, specific definitions of "leak." "exhaust gas," and "relief valve discharge1* ere being added to clarify die applicability of the provisions of the standard to each of these types of emissions. Similarly, to eliminate misunderstandings about the application of (be standard to ____ purification equipment following EDC and VC formation, the definitions of "EDC purification** and "VC purification" are being revised to mare dearly indicate which equipment is subject to the standard. Experience with the VC standard indicates that water contained in the exposed water teal of a gasholder may exceed the 10 ppmv limit daring ooanal operation and that compliance with the atmospheric exposure limit is not practicable for this source. The Inprocess wastewater stripping requirements, however, will continue to apply to wastewater after removal hem the gasholder seal Other Administrative Meeisivnt Other administrative revisions to the standard include: (1) The elimination of the 30-day limit for *iring sources to submit requests for the use of equivalent control measures; (2) a change from semiannual to quarterly reporting of VC emissions from resin stripping, reactor openings, and exhaust gases: and (3) allowance of reporting of periods of excess emissions instead of all emission measurements. Summary of Impacts fts the SteaMd Revisions to the standard represent administrative and clarifying changes no major revisions were proposed. Therefore, the environmental, eiieqjy and economic Impacts of the uigtuai standard remain generally unchanged. A summary of the impacts of the original standard can be found in the preamble to the proposed standard revisions (3D FR1182). Puhik Paztidpatian Most of the comment letters contained multiple comments. In general, the comments supported the proposed administrative and clarifying revisions. A detailed discussum of the comments and responses can be found in the 8B> for the promulgated standard. wtxfa Is referenced In the ADDRESSES seefien of this preamble. The aramoote rote respenaes in the BS> sen* as the basis for the changes timt have been made to the revised standard between yy--* and prfirigettom Almost ati coaneatere addressed toe proposed revttoaa to toe retirf vats* discharge standard. Altboogb many of the commenters agreed with the action to reformat the standard, several commenters objected to various aspects of the discharge limits. Baaed oa consideration of these comments. EPA decided not to pramrigale the prnpusml revision to the relief valve disefcage standard The roaaimete on this and other proposed nvidni are adrlunauJ in detail in toe BID far toe promulgated standard and in soanaiy la tot next section of this preamble. One commenter requested reconsideration of toe wlfadrswal of toe amendments to the VC steadbid which were proposed la W77. Thispetition far recnartderetioa wet hero* of> * : objections to toe Agency's eae efdate on oastsand rcswtec Impacts b fis * decretal to withdrew tire proposed amendments, and to fits Agencyhs Another revision being incorporated Prior to proposal of revisions to fire determination of tor Hihndugirat baste Into the standard it clem that the standard, interested parties were of fire standard. Tire oammentere stated 10 ppmv standard is 3-hour overage advised by public notice in the Federal that the EPA's actions te wfihdrawmg emission limit, rather than an Register f49 FR 26007. June 29, T964) of a the proposed amendments were instantaneous limit. The perionnance meeting offim National Air Reflation inconsistent with the requirements of test provision in S <tt47(g)(l) has also Control Techniques Advisory section 112 of toe Cfasa Mr Act As been clarified to specify that test results Committee (NAPCTAC) to disease fire discussed farther fa tide preamble, the should reflect as dose to a 3-hour revisions to file VC standard Agency is denying toe peMea far average as practicable. Further, the 10 recommended for proposal This meeting reconsideration. * ppmv standard regulation la being revised to specify feet ati exhaust get streams ere covered by tide was held on August 90.19M. The meeting was open to the public end each Proposed Feririmr tolaMTafaq. attendee was ghren an opportunity is Discharge Standaad.'. ^^^,0 isr~fr requirement lodsds^ snftsl devioe comment on the revised standard <'' The EPA has MM atoll - bypass streams. In orderto Implement recommended for proposal promulgate revisionetotoiutofedfau this darificatiun. provision# are alee The revised standard was proposed fa discharge stendaidprusasad in tois being incorporated Mo the standard for thc Federri Register anJenootyti. Mfi. : January 9. IMS. Federal Rewrite notisw calculating the VC content labypassed emissions. A final revision to toe 19 The pebtic comment period wu fcea January 9,1965 to March 25, IMS. A ' The revtetons wtoddfatoe osteMdM diffefLiit typeofhumericufftHlI far~ ' ppmv requirement is intended to total of 10 comment letiere were reliefvaWe Recharges. The dadMuw to prohibit plants Iron dftnfiag a VC received. Industry apuiscatutirei retain tiwerigindt refiefVelve dfoAdige exhaust gas stream wtto other exhaust submitted most die cummuiitlettert. standard tee mbfie after considering gases in order to meet the 10 ppmv limit. Also commenting were representatives the revisions In fight of peblic comments Under the revised standard, combining of the U.S. Congress. State LeeMateen. and other findbigt. Mfintah many on exhaust stream coatafnhtg more than a State air pofletion agency end an public oenunente fevered me proposed 10 ppmv VC with another gat stream it environmental poop. The odmaotb i revisions. I ARnnnnaoa-41 34906 Federal Register / Vol. St. No. 189 / Tuesday. September 30. 1986 / Rules and Regulations A particular, several commenters expressed concern that preventable re'. ef valve discharges would be aiicwed under the revised standard and that the performance allowed under the ret .sed standard could be inconsistent with that allowed under the original standard. Other comments expressed concern that the revised standard included no mechanism for regulating very large relief valve discharges. The basis for the statement that a large Agency resource commitment is required for enforcing the relief valve discharge standard was also questioned. As a result of these comments. EPA reviewed the basis for the recommendations that led to the decision to propose to reformat the standard. First, as discussed in the Federal Register notice proposing revisions to the relief valve discharge standard (50 FR1187). the review of the standard conducted between 1980 and 1982 found that the existing standard resulted in a significant commitment of Agency resources to the review and evaluation of discharges of VC from relief valves. Because the existing standard allows only "emergency" discharges of VC from relief valves (i.e., the relief valve discharge could not be avoided by taking preventative measures), every discharge must be evaluated individually to determine whether the owner or operator of the facility has implemented the measures necessary to prevent that relief valve discharge. During the 4 to 5 years since the review study was conducted, the enforcement of the relief valve discharge standard has been made more efficient This is due in large part to experience established in enforcing the standard. As e result EPA enforcement personnel consider implementation of this standard to be much less resource and labor intensive. A second conclusion from the 1660 to 1662 study was that industry did not have s clear understanding of what the relief valve discharge standard required and what measures they needed to implement in order to comply with the standard. During the 4 to 9 years since the review study, a number of enforcement actions have been taken against individual plants for violations of the standards. Ihose actions have culminated In consent decrees which incorporate requirements for remedial actions to prevent further relief velve discharges. The provisions of these consent decrees have not only reduced the of relief valve discharges at spedfic plants, but they have also served es guidelines in determining the type# of measures appropriate for minimizing the discharges. Because of these two developments. EPA concluded that the original findings of the review study are no longer valid and should not be the basis of a revision to the format of the relief valve discharge standard. The decision to retain the existing relief valve discharge standard as a part of the standard for VC emissions is further supported by two additional advantages that the existing standard has over the proposed revisions. First, the existing standard provides that all preventable relief valve discharges are subject to enforcement action. Under the proposed revisions, which would have allowed a small number of discharges per year whether preventable or not it is possible that a plant could experience preventable discharges and still be in compliance with the standard. As pointed out in public comments, it is theoretically possible that discharges resulting from gross negligence could go unpenalized under the revisions to the standard. The EPA did not intend this effect in the proposed revisions. The retention of the existing relief valve discharge standard allows EPA to continue the current enforcement approach. Second, the existing relief valve discharge standard provides a better mechanism for regulating large relief valve discharges. The proposed revision would have allowed a certain number of relief valve discharges per year, without regard to the size or duration of the discharge. Consequently, as tong as the number of releasee were within the numerical limits of the proposed revisions to the standard, there were no mechanisms in the standard to enforce control of the amount of VC discharged to the atmosphere. Under the existing relief valve discharge standard, however, the duration and size of the discharge are factors in determining the severity of a violation of the standard. Aa a result a plant owner or operator has a greater incentive under the current standard for taking action to reduce the quantity of a discharge. In summary. EPA is not promulgating the tevUions to the relief valve discharge standard which were proposed in the {anuary 9,1965, Federal Register notice. This decision was reached after consideration of public comments received on the proposal, and after a review of the basis for the decision to reformat the standard. Because this review revealed that the burden an Agency resources has diminished es experience with the implementation of the standard increased, and that understanding of the provisions of the existing standardon (he part of industry should be clearer, the necessity for revising the format of the relief valve discharge standard is no longer apparent. The existing standard also has the advantages of penalizing all preventable relief valve discharges, providing better regulation of large volume relief valve discharges, and promoting continuity in the ongoing enforcement of the standard. In some instances, it may be possible for a plant operator to contain a relief valve discharge and to vent it to a control device. Where this can be done without exceeding the exhaust gas emission limit of IQ ppmv. EPA concluded that this approach should be encouraged and. therefore, the discharge should be exempt from the relief valve discharge standard. Venting the discharge through a control device can result in a 99.9 percent reduction in the VC content of the relief valve discharge without interfering with the control of VC emissions in exhaust gases which are also vented through the control device. Although compliance with the 10 ppmv standard would exempt the discharge from the relief valve discharge standard, exceeding the 10 ppmv standard would be considered both a violation of the 10 ppmv standard and of the relief valve discharge standard. Denial of Petition For RaconsUaration The NRDC and EDF petitioned EPA to reconsider the decision to withdraw the 1977 proposed revisions to the VC standard The criteria for grantfc$ such a petition are: (1) The petition must he based on information that was not and could not reasonably have been presented during the original rulemaking: and (2) the petition mutt provide substantial support for file argument that tile challenged action should be changed See Denial of Petition to Revise NSPS for Stationary Gas Turbines. 45 FR 81653 (December 1. 1980). As described below, this petition ' fails to meet either criterion, and it is therefore, denied Consideration of Petition The NRDC/EDF petitioned^; 1- reconsideration of the withdrawal was based on four main premises.pint NRDC/EDP objected to the EPA'i ^ ! announcement of the withdrawalqf like proposed amendments as a final action, without being preceded by a notice srbich proposed the withdrawal and allowed for public comment on the actiom. ' Second. NRDC/EDF objected to the influence of cost considerations in the decision to withdraw the proposed amendment, stating that the haianHng of costs and benefits in the setting of the VC standard la contrary to the, vr-.. - 4 Federal Register / Vol. 51. No. 100 / Tuesday. September 30. 1900 / Rules and Regulations 34907 r. .:.iiremr*nls nf Section II- of the Clean A r Ai t. Third. NRDC/EDF look issue v. -h wh.it it took to le the EPA's a -'.implion that Section 112 of the Clean A.r Act establishes a requirement that a level of control must have been "consistently achieved" in the past in order to form the basis of the standard. Finally. NRDC/EDF stated that the EPA's decisions on specific portions of the proposed amendments were in conflict with the evidence on those issues. In the first objection. NRDC/EDF state that the proposed amendments to the 19T7 VC standard should not be withdrawn because no notice of such withdrawal had been published and there had been no opportunity for public comment on the withdrawal. During the 8 years which have elapsed since the proposal of those amendments, there has been ample opportunity afforded for public comment and input on the amendments and their withdrawal. The amendments, their protential consequences, and the decisions that the Agency might take with regard to them were all before the public. Specifically. KRDC and EDF received draft documents relating to the rulemaking distributed prior to the NAPCTAC meeting. Finally. NRDC did not give any supporting rationale for believing that further opportunity for comment would yield any relevant new information or arguments. Therefore. EPA does not believe that additional time.or provision for receiving further public comments could have been either necessary or helpful for the resolution of the issues involving the proposed amendments to the VC standard. The second issue raised by NRDC/ Q>F involves the inclusion of cost consideration in the EPA's rulemaking deliberations under Section lt2. The NRDC/EDF maintains that the language of Section 112 which requires the standard to be set at a level which provides an "ample margin of safety" to the public precludes consideration of the costs of control. In the EPA's judgment, the VC standard protects the public health with an ample margin of safety within the meaning of Section 112. and EPA may consider cost and feasiblity in setting the standard. The EPA views were explained in the 1975-70 VC rulemaking. The NRDC/EDF provided no new information on this issue. The NRDC/EDFs thirdobjection was the EPA was incorrect in stating that a level of control must be "consistently achieved" in order to form the basis of the standard. Specifically. NRDC/EDF pointed to the language in the Federal Register notice that "10 ppmv represents the lowest level of control which has been consistently achieved" as indicating that EPA was applying such requirement in evaluating alternative exhaust gas requirements. However, the basis for EPA's selection of 10 ppmv as the VC standard for exhaust gas emissions is that this level of control is the lowest achievable emission limit attainable on a never-to-be-exceeded basis. Although S ppmv may be achieved by some systems over a limited time period, the existing data indicate the this level of control cannot be maintained over a long-term, neverto-be-exceeded basis, as required by the standards. In addition to being achievable on a consistent, long-term basis, the 10 ppmv standard was also determined by EPA to provide the public with the ample margin of safety required by section 112. Therefore. EPA beleives that the standard satisfies the requirements of section 112. The Anal points raised by NRDC/EDF in support of the petition for reconsideration addressed three specific provisions of the proposed amendments which were withdrawn. The NRDC/EDF stated that the withdrawal of these provisions was in conflict with the evidence before the Agency. The first specific portion of the standard addressed in the petition is the withdrawal of the proposed 5 ppmv emission limit for exhaust gss emission in favor of the existing 10 ppmv emission limit. The NRDC/EDF stated that the evidence in the record supports a Finding that the S ppmv limit is achievable by new sources, and by existing sources within 3 years of promulgation. The petition also pointed to the more stringent emission limit not be foregone. The EPA decided to maintain the 10 ppmv emission limit for exhaust gas emission for three primary reasons. First, as stated above, the 10 ppmv emission limit has been determined to be consistently achievable by industry, whereas the 5 ppmv emission limit cannot be consistently achieved. Second, even though the limit on maximum emissions of VC is set at40 ppmv. the overage and most short-term emissions will be considerably lower than this level. Third, lowering the emission Umlt on maximum emission rates to 5 ppmv would not significantly reduce the average emissions, and therefore, adopting the lower standard was determined by the Agency not to have a significant impact on emissions of VC or. accordingly, on public health risks. The petition for reconsideration presented no new evidence relevant to the Agency's decision to withdraw the proposed 5 ppmv emission limit. The second decision addressed by the petition for reconsideration as conflicting with the considered evidence is the withdrawal of the 5 ppmv emission limit for oxychlorination vents. The petition points to a statement in the 1977 proposal that this emission limit could be attained based on the use of oxygen as a feed material rather than air. and maintains that no discussion or evidence were presented which would justify withdrawal of this proposal. In the Federal Register (50 FR1185). evidence was presented by the Agency supporting the conclusion that more stringent control of emissions from oxychlorination vents was unnecessary. First, no new technological controls have been developed which are applicable to these vents. Second, the costs of incinerating oxychlorination vent streams were reevaluated and determined, as before, to be unreasonable compared to the small reduction in VC emissions. And finally, with the possible exception of one plant, no new EDC/VC plants with oxychlorination reactors are expected to be constructed, end any that may be constructed will be adequately regulated by the requirements of new source review regulations. No eew information was presented in the petition for ' reconsideration relevant to the dedekm to retain the existing osydriorinatioo vent standard. The third decision which - addressed in the petition far reconsideration at conflicting wifli the considered evidence is the withdrawal of the proposal to lower the 'iesldeel VC limit for new dispersion resianiMS- 2.000 ppmv to 500 ppmv. and fht Unit for other new resins horn 400 ppmv to 100 ppmv. The petition states that existing facilities are currently meeting the lower limits, and that both new and. existing facilities could be brought into compliance with the more stringent limits by using the equipment and procedures currently usedby the leading facilities. < ^ 7* ; . ,, The EPA withdrew tbe proposed more stringent stripping lerfeFiCqxmcniemsTor two main reasons. The first is that the nature of PVC production makes H difficult to distinguish "new^ from "old* resins. Resin compositions are adjusted routinely, and completely "new" resins are rarely, if ever. made. Second, EPA concluded that there is no improved technology which would provide die basis for more stringent stripping requirements for all reshis. The technologies which are effective for specific resins may not be effective far ABD00080843 A 34908 Federal Register / Vol. 51. No. 189 / Tuesday. September 30. 1980 / Rules and Regulations --- - a - ------ ---- -- - o!h-. r rosins. The consequence of es^blishinfi a more stringent standard we-id be that certain hard-to-slrip rcs.r.s could no longer be produced. In the EPA's opinion, such a result would be an unwarranted economic impact which is unnecessary to provide an ample margin of safety for public health. No new relevant information was presented in the petition for reconsideration. Administrative The docket is an organized and complete file of all the information considered by EPA in the development of this rulemaking. The docket is a dynamic file, since material is added throughout the rulemaking development. The docketing system is intended to allow members of the public and industries involved to identify and locate documents so that they can effectively participate in the rulemaking process. Along with the statement of basis and purpose of the proposed and promulgated standards and EPA responses to significant comments, the contents of the docket, except for interagency review materials, will serve as the record in case of judicial review (section 307(d)(7)(A)). The effective date of these revisions it September 30.1966. Section 112 of the Clean Air Ad provides that national emission standards for hazardous air poliutanta become effective upon promnigation and apply to all existing and new sources. As prescribed by section 112. promulgation of this standard was preceded by the Administrator's listing of VC under section 112 of the Act on December 24.1976 (40 FR 59477f. In accordance with section 117 of the Act publication of these promulgated revisions was preceded by consultation with appropriate advisory committees, independent experts, and Federal departments and agencies. Information collection requirements associated with this revised regulation (those included in 40 CFR Part 61, Subpart A and Subpart F) have been approved by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB] under the provisions of the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1980, 44 U.Sil 35019t seq* and have been assigned OMB control number 0168. ,The revised standard is estimated to result in a paperwork burden of about 36 person-years which is roughly the same at the original standard. Under Executive Order 22291. EPA is . required to fudge whether a regulation is a ``major role" and therefore subject to certain requirements of the Order. The EPA has determined that the revised regulation would result in none of the adverse economic effects set forth in Section 1 of the Order as grounds for finding a regulation to be a "major rule." The revised regulation is not major because: (1) Nationwide annual compliance costs, including capital charges resulting from the standard total less than $100 million: (2) the standard doea not cause a major increase in ' prices or production costs: and (3) the standards do not cause significant adverse effects on domestic competition, employment, investment, productivity, innovation or competition in foreign markets. The EPA has submitted this rulemaking to OMB under Executive Order 12291. The Regulatory Flexibility Act of 1960 requires the identification of potentially adverse impacts of Federal regulations upon small business entities. The Act specifically requires the completion of a Regulatory Flexibility Analysis in those instances where small business impacts are possible. Because this revised standard imposes no adverse economic impacts, a Regulatory Flexibility Analysis has not been conducted. Pursuant to the provisons of 5 U.S.G 605(b). I hereby certify that the proposed rule will not have a significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities. List of Subjects In 40 CFR Part 61. Air pollution control Asbestos, Benzene. Beryllium. Hazardous materials. Mercury. Vinyl chloride. Dated: September 24.1906. Lee M. Thoms, Administrator. PART 61--NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS For the reasons set forth in the preamble. 40 CFR Part 61 is amended as follows: 1. The authority citation for Part 61 contunues to read aa follows: Authority: Sec*. tOl. 112.114.116.301. Clean Air Act as amended (42 U.S.C. 7401. 7412. 7414. 7416. 7601). 2. Section 61.81 it amended by revising paragraphs (jk (1). (o) and (p) and by adding paragraphs (vj, (w). (xj, ? (y), and (z) to read as fallows: 3 5 61.61 DefMBonai 466 (j) "lnprocet* wastewater" means any water which, during manufacturing or processing, comes into direct contact . with vinyl chloride or polyvinyl chloride or results from tee production or use of any raw material, intermediate product, finished product by-product or waste product containing vinyl chloride or polyvinyl chloride but which bus not been discharged to a wastewater treatment process or discharged untreated as wastewater. Gasholder seal water is not inorocess wastewater until it is removed from the gasholder (I) "In vinyl chloride service" means that a piece of equipment either contains or contacts a liquid that is a least 10 percent vinyl chloride by weight or a gas that is at least 10 percent by volume vinyl chloride as determined according to the provisions of 161.67(h). The provisions of 161.87(h) also specify how to determine that a pta of equipment is not in vinyl chloride service. For the purposes of this subpart, this definition must be used in place of the definition of "in VHAP service" in Subpart V of this part. *9 (o) "Ethylene dichloride purification" includes any part of the proceaa of ethylene dichloride production which follows ethylene dichloride formation, excluding product storage following tee final finishing column. (p) "Vinyl chloride purification" incudes any part of the process of vinyl chloride production which follows vinyl chloride formation. (v) "Relief valve" means each pressure relief device including pressure relief valves, rupture disks tad other pressure refief systems used to protect process components from overpressure conditions. "Relief valve" does not ,, include pofvmeftgtfon ihiirisIoyT .jji systems, referigerated water systems or ** _ control valves or other oevtceslSarto control flow to an incinerator or other r S air pollution controfifeTteg. 0C,/v^ (w) "Leak" means any of several flbr events that indicate interruption of confinement of vinyl chloride within process equipment. Leaks include events regulated under Subpart V of this part such as: (1) An instrument reading of 10.000 ppm or greater measure according to Method 21 (see Appendix A of 40 CFR Pert 80): (2) Indications of liquid dripping: (3) a sensor detection of failure of a seal system, failure of a banter fluid system, or bote; aad (4) detectable ... emissions as indicated by an instrument reading ofgreater than 900 ppm above background for equipment designated for no detectable emissions measured according to Teat Method 21 (sea.. Appendix A of 40 CFR Part 60k Leaks also include events regulated under 16lA5fb)(8)H) for detection of aabienl. concentrations in'excess of background a, 4 --------------------------------------------------- .AnnnnnsnfifrU----y-- 7\ vP^i)v FFerddnerraall RRnengiis:t<terr // VVno)l.. M51. MNon.. IIffllQ9 // TTunepscddaflyl'.. SSe'npttpemmlibr>err .3in0. IIQ96flr0. // RRuutl#e.sc .amndl RRiemguiIlations 4 31903 cvnceniratien. A relief valve discharge from any equipment used in vinyl :> not -i leak. chloride formation and/or purification is j\) "Kxhuust pus" means any offgas not to exceed 10 ppm (average for 3-hour ..he constituents of which may consist period), except as provided in 61.65(a). of any fluids, either as a liquid and/or This requirement does not preclude cis) discharged directly or ultimately to combining of exhaust gas streams the atmosphere that was initially provided the combined steam is ducted contained in or was in direct contact through a control system from which the with the equipment for which exhaust concentration of vinyl chloride in the gas limits are prescribed in 8 61.62 (a) exhaust gases does not exceed 10 ppm. and (b); 8 61.63(a): 8 61.64 (a)(1). (a)(2). or equivalent as provided in 8 61.66. fb). (c). and (d): 8 61.65(b) (l)(ii). (b)(2). This requirement does not apply to (b)(5). (b)(6)(ii) and (b)(9)(h). equipment that has been opened, is out (y) "Relief valve discharge'' means of operation, and met the requirement in any nonleak discharge through a relief 8 81.85(b)(6)(i) before being opened valve. "Relief valve discharge" does not 5. Section 61.64 is amended by include discharges ducted to a control revising paragraphs (a), (b). (c) and (d) system from which the concentration of to read as follows: vinyl chloride in the exhaust gases does not exceed 10 ppm (average for 3-hour 861.64 Emission standard for polyvinyl period), or equivalent as provided in | 61.66. chloride plants. O 9 / (z) "3-hour period" means any three consecutive l-hour periods (each hour commencing on the hour). 3. Section 61.62 is emended by revising paragraphs (a) and (b) to read as follows: (a) Reactor. The following requirements apply to reactors: (1) The concentration of vinyl chloride in each exhaust gas stream from each reactor is not to exceed 10 ppm (average for 3-hour period), except as provided in paragraph (a)(2) of this section and 161.62 Emission standard for ethylene dkriloride plants. 8 61.65(a). (2) The reactor opening loss from each (a) Ethylene dichloride purification. reactor is not to exceed 0.02 g vinyl The concentration of vinyl chloride in chloride/kg (0.00002 lb vinyl chloride/lb) each exhaust gas stream from any of polyvinyl chloride product except as equipment used in ethylene dichloride ^provided in paragraphs (f)(1) and (f)(2) purification is not to exceed 10 ppm of this section, with the product (average for 3-hour period), except as determined on e dry solids basis. This provided in 161.65(a). This requirement requirement does not apply to does not prechide combining of exhaust prepolymerization reactors in the bulk gas streams provided the combined process. This requirement doee apply to steam is ducted through a control poatpolymerization reactors in the bulk system from which the concentration of process, where the product means the vinyl chloride in the exhaust gases does gross product of prepolymerization and not exceed 10 ppm. or equivalent as postpolymerisation. provided in 8 61.66. This requirement (3) Manual vent valve discharge. doee not apply to equipment that has Except for an emergency manual vent been opened, is out of operation, and valve discharge, there is to be no met the requirement in 8 81.65{b)(6)(i) discharge to the atmosphere from any before being opened. manual vent valve on a polyvinyl (b) Oxychlorination reactor. Except as chloride reactor in vinyl chloride provided in 8 61.65(a). emissions of vinyl service. An emergency manual vent - chloride to the atmosphere from each valve discharge means a discharge to oxychlorination reactor are not to the atmosphere which could not have exceed 0.2 g/kg (0.0002 Ib/lb) (average been avoided by taking measures to for 3-bour period) of the 100 percent prevent the discharge. Within 10 days of ethylene dichloride product from the any discharge to the atmosphere from oxychlorination process. any manual vent valve, the owner or 4. Section 61.63 is revised to read as operator of the source from which the follows: discharge occurs shall submit to the Administrator a report in writing f 6149 Emission standard for vinyl containing information on the source, craono* punts. nature and cause of the discharge, the An owner or operator of a vinyl date end time of the discharge, the chloride plant shall comply with the approximate total vinyl chloride lose requirements of this section and 161.65. during the discharge, the method used (a) Vinyl chloride formation end for determining the vinyl chloride loss purification: The concentration of vinyl (the calculation of the vinyl chloride chloride in each exhaust gas stream loss), the action that was taken to prevent the discharge, and measures adopted to prevent future discharges. (b) Stripper. The concentration of viniy chloride in each exhaust gas stream from each stripper is not to exceed 10 ppm (average for 3-hour period), except as provided in 8 61.65(a). This requirement does not apply to equipment that has been opened, is out of operation, and met the requiremention 8 61.65(b)(6)(i) before being opened. (c) Mixing, weighing, and holding containers. The concentration of vinyl chloride in each exhaust gas stream from each mixing, weighing, or holding container in vinyl chloride service which precedes the stripper (or the reactor if the plant has no stripper) in the plant process flow is not to exceed 10 ppm (average for 3-hour period), except as provided in 8 61.65(a). This requirement does not apply to equipment that has been opened, is out of operation, and met the requirement in 8 61.65(b)(6)(i) before being opened. (d) Monomer recovery system. The concentration of vinyl chloride in each exhaust gas stream from each monomer recovery system is not to exceed IQ ppm (average for 3-hour period), except as provided in f 61.65(e), This requirement does not apply to equipment that has been opened, is out of operation, and met the requirement in 16lJ65(bK6)(i) before being opened. 666* 8. By revising paragraphfef introductory text end adding paragraphs (e)(3) and (f) to 8 61to read ae follows: |6tM Emission standard tor polyvtoyt craonot 6 6 |. (e) Sources following the stripperfsf. . The following requirements apply to emissions of vinyl chloride to the atmosphere from the combination of all sources following the stripped*} (or the reector(s) if the plant has no stripperfs)] In the plant process flow including but not limited to. centrifuges, concentrators, blend tanks. Biters, dryers, conveyor air discharges, baggers, storage containers, and taprccess wastewater, except as provided in' paragraph (f) of this sectioar (l)*** ,' -` U)* * * -*-vrl: (3) The provisions of this paragraph apply at all times including whan off* specification or other types of resins are made. (f) Reactor used as stripper, nonbulk resin reactor is used < stripper this paragraph may be applied in lieu of 81.64 (a)(2) and (e)(lp 34910 Federal Register / Vol. 51. No. 189 / Tuesday. September 30. 1986 / Rules and Regulations 4 (I - T'o weighted average emissions of \ irn! ; r.loride from reactor opening loss and a., sources following the reactor used e ? a stripper from all grades of . polyv->i chloride resin stripped in the reactcr on each calendar day may not exceed: (1) 2.22 g/kg (0.00202 Ib/lb) of polyvisvl chloride product for dispersion polyvinyl chloride resins, excluding latex mins, with the product determined on a dry solids basis. (ii) a42 g/kg (0.00042 lb/lb) of polyvinyl chloride product for all other polyvinyl chloride resins, including latex resins, with the product determined on a dry sotsds basis. 7. Section 61.95 is amended by revising paragraphs (a), (b)(l)(ii) and (b)(2) to read as follows: (61.05 Emission standard tor ethylene dleWovide. vtnyf cWortde. and potyveryt etUoride ptaota. (a) Relief valve discharge. Except for an emergency relief discharge, there is to be no discharge to the atmosphere from any relief valve on any equipment in vinyl chloride service. An emergency relief discharge means a discharge which arald not have been avoided by taking measures to prevent the discharge. Within 10 days of any relief valve discharge, the owner or operator of the source from which the relief valve discharge occurs shall submit to the Administrator a report in writing containing information on the source, nature and cause of the discharge, the date and time of the discbeige, the appraatmate tote! vinyl chloride loss daring the discharge, the method used for detomining the vinyl chloride loss (the calcdatfon of the vinyl rhlnnAi loss), the action that was taken to prevent the discharge, and measures adopted to prevent future discharges. (b) * * * (1) ' * (iV* (ii) Any vinyl chloride removed from a loading or unloading tine in accordance with paragraph (b)(l)(i) of this section is to be dueled through a control system from which the concentration of vinyl chloride in the exhaust gases does not exceed 10 ppm (average for 3hour . ( . .period), or equivalent as provided is 61 66 (2) Slip gauges. During loading or unloading operations, the vinyl chloride emissions from each slip gauge in vinyl chloride service are to be minimfieri by ducting any vinyl chloride discharged from the shp gauge through a control system from which the concentration of vinyl chloride in the exhaust gases does not exceed 20 ppm (average for 3-hour period 1, or equivalent as provided in 61.60. 6. By revising paragraphs (b)(3). (b)(4). (b) (5). (b)(6). (b)|7). (b)(8). (b|(9)|ii). and (c) to $ 61.65 as follows: $ 61.65 Emission standard for ethylene dtchlortde, vinyl chloride end polyvinyl chloride plants. An owner or operator of an ethylene dichloride, vinyl chloride, and/or polyvinyl chloride plant shall comply with the requirements of this section. (a) (b)*** (1) * * ' (2) * # * (3) Leakage from pump, compressor, and agitator seals: (i) Rotating pumps. Vinyl chloride emissions from seals on all rotating pumps in vinyl chloride service are to be minimized by installing sealless pumps, pumps with double mechanical seals or equivalent as provided in ( 61.66. If double mechanical seals are used vinyl chloride emissions from the seals are to be minimized by maintaining the pressure between the two seals so that any leak that occurs is into the pump: by ducting any vinyl chloride between the two seals through a control system from which the concentration of vinyl chloride in the exhaust gases does not exceed 10 ppm: or equivalent as provided in 4 0L66. Compliance with the provisions of 40 CFR Port 61 Subpan V S demonstrates compliance with the <Ar provisions of this paragraph. r [ii) Reciprocating pumps. Vinyl chloride emissions from seals on ail reciprocating pumps in vinyl chloride service are to be minimized by installing double outboard seals, or equivalent as provided in $6100. If double outboard seals are used, vinyl chloride emissions from the seals are to be minimized by maintaining the pressure between the two seals so that any leak that occurs is into the pump: by ducting any vinyl chloride between the two seals through a control system from which the concentration of vinyl chloride in the exhaust gases does not exceed 10 ppm; or equivalent as provided to (6L66. Compliance with the provisions of 40 CFR Port 61 Subpart V demonstrates compliance with the provisions of this paragraph. (iu) Rotating compressor* Vinyl chloride emissions from seals on ell rotating compressors in vinyl chloride service are to be minimised by installing compressors with double mechanical seals, or equivalent as provided in (61.6& If double mechanical seals are used, vinyl chloride emissions from the seals are to be minimized by maintaining the pressure between the two seals so that any leak that occurs is into the compressor: by ducting any vinyl chloride between the two seals through a control system from which the concentration of vinyl chloride in the exhaust gases does not exceed 10 ppm: or equivalent as provided in (61.66. Compliance with the provisions of 40 CFR Part 61 Subpart V demonstrates compliance with the provisions of this paragraph. (iv) Reciprocating compressors. Vinyl chloride emissions from seals on all reciprocating compressors in vinyl chloride service ere to be minimized by installing double outboard seals, or. equivalent as provided in ( 61.66. If double outboard seals are used, vinyl chloride emissions from the seals are to be minimized by maintaining the pressure between the two seals so that any leak that occurs is into the compressor, by ducting any vinyl chloride between the two seals through a control system from which concentration of vinyl chloride in the yexhaust gases does not exceed 10 ppm; or equivalent as provided in ( 61.66. Compliance with the provisions of 40 CFR Part 61 Subpart V demonstrates compliance with the provisions of this paragraph. (v) Agitator. Vinyl chloride emissions from seals on ail agitators in vinyl chloride service ore to be minimized by installing agitators with double mechanical seals, or equivalent os. .. provided in 161-66. if double ' mechanical teals are used, vtoyi chloride emiaaieua from the teals ere So be minimized by maintaining the pressure between the two seals so that any leak that occurs is into the agitated vessel: by ducting any vinyl between the two seals through a control system from which the concentration of vinyl chloride in the exhaust gases doeese /not exceed 10 ppm: or equivalent as provided in ( 61.66. (4) Leaks from relief valve*. Vinyl chloride emissions due to leaks from each relief valve on equipment in vinyl chloride service shall comply with ( 61.242-4 of Subpart V of this part (5) Manual venting ofgases. Exoept at provided in 161.64(e)(3), all gases which are mammtfy vented from equipment In vinJy chloride service are to be dueled through a control system from which the concentration of vinyl chloride tothe exhaust gases does not exceed K) ppm (average for 3-bour piodk av equivalent as provided to f 6L66; (6) Opening ofequipment Vinyl - chloride emissions from opening of equipment (including prepotymerization reactoa used In the manufacture of bulk T frBD00080840 Federal Register / VoJ. 61. No. 169 / Tuesday, September 30. 198G / Rules and Regulations 34911 rcsjr.i and loading or unloading tines that are not opened to the atmosphere after each loading or unloading opera r;on) are to be minimized as folio* s: fi) Before opening any equipment fee any reason, the quantify of vinyl chlor.ie which rs cooretired Bkfswi is to be minted to an amount which mrapies e voIluk of no more than U^eremt oi the equipment's containment volinue or 0.09SB cubic meters (35 geftme), whichever is larger, at standard temperature and pressure. () Any vmyi cbferidc removed from the equipment m aeon Jama wflh paragraph (b}(6Mi) of this section is to be ducted throagh a control system Iras which the concerttrefrow oi vfeyf chloride rw the exhaust gases does not exceed 10 ppm (average forS-hoar period): or equivalent as provided hi 8 91.0B. [7] Scmpfer. Urrueed portions of samples containing at feast 10 percent by weight vinyl chloride are fo be returned fo the process or destroyed in a / control device from which conceofretion of vmyf chloride in the exfiaast gas doss not exceed TO ppm leverage for 3 hoar period) or equivalent a* prodded to I Sampling techniques are to be sack that sample containers in vinyl chloride service are preyed intea dosed proceaa system. Coapfiance wfih the y^raviaona of 40CFR Part 01 Shbpart V demonstrates complines with tha ' yrovimmie oftfatepmagraph.(8) Leak detection aid eBmtwnlkm Vmyi chloride amissions due Is leaks from equipment ha vtayi chloride nniii ii are to be minisized at follows A reliable and accurate vtoyt chloride monitoring system shall be operated for detection of mafic leaks and identification of the general area of tha phot where a leak is located A vinyl ddoride monitoring system swans a device which obtains air samples from one or more posits os a coathmoua sequential basis and analyzes die samples with gas chiaroatoysphy or. if the owner or operator iiiwm that all hydrocarbons measured are vinyl rhlrwV, with, infrared spectrophotometry. Dame loo detection, or an equivalent oralternative method The vinyl chloride meutorfog system shell be operated according to a prepare developed bp the pteaiewBir or operator. The owner or opesater shall submit a description oftheyugiem te the Administrator wfthto 4B dags rfthe effective date of these fegpUtfare; unless a waiver ofcompliance Is wanted under f 0t.ll. or dm prepare haebeec approved and the Artetoteteifpr dsn not request a review of die program Approval of a program will be granted and for establishment and verification of by the Administrator provided he finds: calibration standards are to be followed. (A) The location and number of points (ii) For each process unit subject to (o be monitored and the frequency of this subpart a formal leak detection and monitoring provided for in the program repair program shall be implemented . are acceptable when they are compared consistent with Subpart V of this part, with the number of pieces of equipment except as provided in paragraph in vinyl chloride service and size aad (bjfSKui) of thia seetioo. This program is physical layout of the plant to be implrnrntarl within 00 days of the (B) It mntAfna 4 definftioc of teak effective dote ef throe regulations, which is acceptable when compared unless a waivre of auopUoaco is granted with the background concentrations of under I0L11. Except as provided m vinyl chloride in tha areas of the plant to paragraph fbHBttUKE) of this section, an be monitored by the vinyl chlorfcm owner er eperates aholl be exorept from monitoring system. Measurements of background concentrations of vinyl |01^B-Mdk !0Utt-9(okfb).aadlck 101.246. and 101.247 of Subpart V of i. chloride in the areas of the pfaof to he this part for any process unit in which s ^ monitored by the vinyl chloride the peccantaga of leaking valves ia # monitoring system are to be demonstrated to ho test then 24 with the description of the program. The percent es determined in accordance definition ofteak, for a given plant maj with thn fallowing: vary among (he different areas wflhfn fA) A priifniemu a teat an specified in the plant and is also to change over tfme paragraph (bHBKUXB) this Medan as background concentrations in the shell be cmviurmri kutiafly within on plant are reduced. days rf the effective dele of iheli 1 ~ (C) It rjwtatna an acceptable plan of regulations annually end at timet action to be taken when teak te requested by the Administrates. detected. (B) Foe each peifotmencn teat, a (D) It provides ter an acceptable minimum of 29P at 9& percent calibration and maintenance scheifaZs whkheverialem of the Intel vnbrrote for the vinyl chloride monitoring system VOC seevise (as defined te | ef and portable hydrocarbon detector. Po Subpart W ai Bert 00) within tee tha vinyl monitoring system a process unit shall be miuhinly --; daily ^aa check is to be conducted wfih and mentored within 1 weekeg the a of vfnyf chlukla equal methods specified in 101.24S(bkcf thin to the concentration defined aa a t*t part. S am toefc^m readtogef Mm according to paragraph (hKJRfffH7 of ppm or greeter is measured, e leek in this section. The calibration Is to bo detected. The teak p--shall be done with cither . determined byMigten wmXrntof If) ft iriilinilliie gia mil lure nmurod valves in VOC service for which! from the yts specifiedin sedhans are detected by tire--bareft 541. and LL2. at Teal Method UK art velvet to VOC eervfcet to accordance with section ?S ai Tad Method 100. or (Q Ife haft fe detected ft i repaired in eecordUnce wfte (2) A calibration gas cylinder standard containing the appropriate (d)and(ef oTSebperf Vefteiepmt (Df The revetee ef(heperibramrea teel ccncanation of vinyl cblmide. The gu sbsH be nbofttri oi twflfegte the composrtireaf the calibration pn ./Administratorto tike first qeerterty cylinder stoadavd is to hove *7veport Mowing tike peribrmaoee testae certified by tee manafactetre. The pert td the reporting reqrireerentr ef man^ctesec WMOt hoao racaraowndod 1i 101.7ft imwwa shelf Ufa for each eyttedw as (E) Any process asftte which tike that thocoorlraHnn doasaoichee^ percentage efleaking velvee fc fetod te greater than 5 percent hem ten be greater than 2JO pmutaccoidfegto certified value. Ibe date of gas cylinder the performance tael prescribed te ; preparation, certified vinyl chloride paragraph (b)(8)(U)(B) ofteteaectimi " . ustcmply vUlillpnvhlOBetf minion oslfMoi Subpart V efthis part wflhfe 90 days. afibred te tire* (tiif Opemendadvahrea or bee from tha i located oamnUpfa eegvtoe prnrnet gas chromatograph teeaad re i which operatedvinyl chloride chloride monteing system lest than 10 percent!tee fflne era. mixtures exempt from tha requirements of' prepares* f 01.242-0 of Subpart V. provided (he owe eo dcacribed te; open-ended valves or Unas am . MteodKATte addramed te the monitoring system, 5.2JX sad tlA2.af Test Method Mft required by paragraph (bUjB#) oftide for certificaltewdcyUnder i section Tbt Atetenhrtator may 34912 Federal Register / Vol. 51. No. 109 / Tuesday. September 30. 1906 / Rules and Regulations this exemption to other existing open* ended valves or lines that are demonstrated to require significant retrofit cost to comply with the requirements of i 61.242-0 of Subpart V. 6 [9) ' * * (ii) Any vinyl chloride removed from the inprocess wastewater in accordance with paragraph (b)(9)(i) of this section is to be ducted through a control system from which the concentration of vinyl chloride in the exhaust gases does not exceed 10 ppm (average for 3-hour period); or equivalent as provided in | 61.66. 4 (c) The requirements in paragraphs (b)(1), (b)(2). (b)(5), (b)(6). (b)(7) and (b)(6) of this section are to be incorporated into a standard operating procedure, and made available upon request for inspection by the Administrator. The standard operating procedure is to include provisions for measuring the vinyl chloride in equipment 4.75 m* (1,250 gal) in volume for which an emission limit is prescribed in i 61.65(b)(6)(i) after opening the equipment and using Test Method 106, a portable hydrocarbon detector, or an alternative method The method of measurement is to meet the requirements In f 61.67(g)(S)(l)(A) or (g)(5)(i)(B). 6. Section 61.66 Is revised to read as follows: | SUM Equivalent >quipaunt and Upon written application from an owner or operator, the Administrator may approve use of equipment or procedures which have been demonstrated to his satisfaction to be equivalent in terms of reducing vinyl chloride emissions to the atmosphere to thoae prescribed for compliance with a specific paragraph of this subpart 10. By revising paragraphs (f), (8)ft)0). (g)(2). (g)(3) introductory text (g)(3)(i). (g)(3)(iii), (g)(5) introductory text and by (g)(5Hii) adding paragraphs (g)(6) and (h) in 161.67 as follows: 16167 Emission lasts. (0 The owner or operator shall retain at tbe plant and make available, opon request for Inspection by the Administrator, for a minimum of 3 years, records of emission test results and other data needed to determine emissions. nr (I)*** (i) For each ran. one sample Is to be collected The sampling site is to be at least two stack or duct diameters downstream and one half diameter upstream from any flow disturbance such as a bend, expansion, contraction, or visible flame. For a rectangular cross section an equivalent diameter is to be determined from the following equation: equivalent diameter*2 (length) (width)/ length+width The sampling point in the duct is to be at the centroid of the cross section. The sample is to be extracted at a rate proportional to the gas velocity at the sampling point. The sample is to contain a minimum volume of 50 liters corrected to standard conditions and is to be taken over a period as close to 1 hour as practicable. ..................................... uf (2) Test Method 107 or Method 601 (incorporated by reference as specified in 61.18) is to be used to determine the concentration of vinyl chloride in each inprocess wastewater stream for which an emission limit is prescribed in 9 01.85(bJ(9)(i). (3) When a stripping operation is used to attain the emission limits in 9 61.64 (e) and (f), emissions are to be determined using Test Method 107 as follows: (i) The number of strippers (or reactors used as strippers) and samples and the types end grades of resin to be sampled are to be determined by the Administrator for each individual plant at the time of the test based on the plant's operation. (ii) (iii) >The corresponding quantity of material processed by each stripper (or reactor used as a stripper) is to be determined on a dry solids basis and by a method submitted to and approved by the Administrator. (iv) * W* (5) The reactor opening loss for which an emission limit is prescribed in f 61.64(a)(2) Is to be determined. The number of reactors for which the determination is to be made is to be specified by the Administrator for each individual plant at the time of the determination based on the plant's operation. UP * (ii) A calculation baaed on the number of evacuations, tha vacuum involved, and the volume of gas In the reactor Is hereby approved by tike Administrator as an alternative method for determining reactor opening lose for postpoiymerixatioo reactors hi the manufacture of bulk resins. Calculation methods based on techniques other than repeated evacuation of the reactor may be approved by the Administrator for determining reactor opening loss for posipolymerization reactors in the manufacture of bulk resins. | (6) For a reactor that is used as a stripper, the emissions of vinyl chloride from reactor opening loss and all sources following the reactor used as a stripper for which an emission limit is prescribed in 9 61.64(f) are to be determined. The number of reactors for which the determination is to be made is to be specified by the Administrator for each individual plant at the time of the determination based on the plant's operation. (i) For each batch stripped in the reactor, the following measurements are to be made: (A) The concentration (ppm) of vinyl chloride in resin after stripping, measured according to paragraph (g)(3) of this section: (B) The reactor vacuum (mm Hg) at end of strip from plant instrument: and (C) The reactor temperature (*C) at end of strip from plant instrument (ii) For each batch stripped in the reactor, the following information is to be determined: (A) The vapor pressure (mm Hg) of water in the reactor at end of strip from the following table: n>tn met Mnpv- Nn rc *o met pm (XM, HQ) AMCW wrew* eue fQ *0 war am W* H* taacw m ro HA P"W MV (mm N 40 . 41 4t 43 44 4S 48 47 48 48 90 SI u 93 94 96 68 97 SS 98 90 81 iU 983 818 848 eei 718 78.8 788 8*7 ISA 828 971 102.1 1078 1128 1180 1238 1298 138.1 1428 149.4 1984 92 ISM 9 -1714 84 17M 96 1978 as 198.1 97 8188 69 2148 99 223.7 70 2387 71 1438 71 284.8 n 2987 74 2778 299.1 79 201.4 77 214.1 79 1278 79 3418 90 3681 91 300.7 2 1048 99 4008 484 4188 99 4338 ae 4908 87 481.7 m 487.1 98 9081 90 8288 1 9480 12 9070 to 988 8 94 8109 98 633.9 96 897 6 97 682.1 99 7073 99 7332 100 7600 (B) Tbe partial pressure (mm Hg) of vinyl chloride In reactor at end or strip from tbe following equation: - PPVC- 700-HV-VPW where: ,. PPVCmpsrtia) pressure of vinyl chloride, in mm Hg TBOmstmotpbedc pressure at 0 *C in mm Hg RV*absolute value of reactor vacuum, in mm Hg VPWvapor pressure of wster. In mm Hg - (C) Tha reactor vapor space volume (m*) at and ofatrip from the following equation;: : ABD00080848 4 Federal Register / Vol. 51. No. 189 / Tuesday. September 30. 1906 / Rules and Regulations 34313 pvcw R VSV = RC-- WV ---------- 1.400 *~ere: R VSV 9 reactor vapor space vohmte. in m* RC = reactor capacity, in m* \VV s volume of water in reactor from recipe, iam* P\*CW b dry weight of polyvinyl chloride in reactor from recipe, in kg 1.400 = typical density of polyvinyl chloride, in kg/m* (iii) For each batch stripped in the reactor, the combined reactor opening loss and emissions from all sources following the reactor used as a stripper is to be determined using the following equation: (0 For each vinyl chloride emission to the atmosphere determined in accordance with paragraph (e) of this section to be in excess of the applicable emission limits, the owner or operator shall record the identity of the source(s). the date. time, and duration of the excess emission, the cruse of the excess emission, and the approximate total vinyl chloride loss during the excess emission, and the method used for determining the vinyl chloride lore. This fPPVC)(RVSV)(l,OOn (PVCW)(273+RT) information shall be retained sad made available for inspection by the Administrator as required by 161.71(a). 12. to f 61.70 by revising the section title Iran "Semiannual report" to where: Cg vioyrchloride/lg polyvinyl chloride product PPWVC concentration of vfnyt chforido to reain after stripping. In ppm W eonverwwr factor far ppt P9VC partial prerura ol tmfi detaonined eccurding to of this reckon, in rare Hg RVSV resctoi vapor space volurea chloride content clearly does not exceed 10 percent When an owner or operator and the Administi after do net ages oa whether a piece of eqtopareaf is not to vinyl chiraide services however, the procedures to paragraph (h)(1) of this section shall be used to resolve the disagreement (ii) if as owner oe operator determines "Reporting'', end by ranging paragraphs (>. (c)(1). (c)(2) introductory (ext. (c)(2)(iit). (c)(2)(iv). (c)(2)(v), (c)(2)(vi) introductory text, and (e)(3) and also by adding (etf4) to rend re follows: f*t.70 departing: (a)(1) The owner or operator of any source to which this subpart applies shall submit to the Administrator on determined according to paragraph (g)(61fiiKCl of Ais sectiea ia m* 1.002-idiraIgai eoasfaBtiJig--TC/ma Hg-m*fbr rmyl drforfde PVCte--toy weigh* of polyvfagt i&hotie In reeetta from recipe, m kg V^areowtsioa factor fat *Cto 'K that s piece aS equipment is to vinyl chloride service, the determination can be revised only after following the procedures to paragraph (h)(1) of this seettosu (3) Samples *M|t to Hutormining the RT reactor temperature, in *C percent vinyl chloride content shall be (h)(1) Each piece of equipment within a process unit that can reasonably contain equipment in vinyl chloride service is presumed to be in vinyr chloride service unless an owner or operator demonstrates that the piece of equipment is not in vinyl chloride representative of the process fluid that is contained In or contacts the yequipment. 11. By adding paragraphs (d). (e}i ff) to | 61.66 as follows: $6166 emission monitoring service Per e piece of equipment In he considered not in vinyl chloride service, )k (d) When exhaust gasfesh having it Boat be detemteorf that the percent Temission bmttx that are subject to the vinyl chloride content can be re. reqsBomsol of paragraph fe) of this expected not to exceed to patent by section, are Mittri to the stoospltos weight for liquid streams or rnteetoi'rl without passing throsgh the control liquid volumes end to percent by system end required vinyl chloride voteme far gat stream or cantoned gn monitoring system, the vinyl chloride volumes, which also includes gas content of the emission shell be volumes above liquid sti earns or calculated (to units of each applicable contained liquid volume*. Fee purposes cnriMioa host) by best practical of determining die percent vieyi chloride engineering judgment bared on toe cement of the paocaaa fluid that is discharge deration end knows VC Ktocch IS. June 15. September 1S% and December IS of each year a repost to writing contatetog the briremsthB required by this section. Tbs tint report is to be submitted following Anfin* foil 3-month reporting petted ate ton itoff/il report to snbatited. (iflnteareof as afothgsoreca, the appiirvu) 11 pmli sp chtdate shad ha used. In ctofita, qosrteriy apsrte toad be submitted erectly J reoctes faftouriog the current ttpnrite totem >^s . (Cj * (1) The OMOMf or operates shai include to toe repact a recard of the vinyl chloride content of aiinins* for each S-boor period during which average emissiaa* era to cxcaaa ef tha emisrion limits to k 61.62 () oe (H I MA3(a), or f 63.64 (a)(lh fbj, (c). or (d). or during which average emissiona are to ixcere of the emission limits specified for say control system to which reactor emissiaaa ora saquieed ta ba ducted to 161J4(a)t2}af to which fogtftoe emtaeioaa am required to ha ducted to contotoad in m ontod* eqiripmeaft, unicestratianr fat ftr effected i tiusowto. nsi o* procedures that eeafenu to the nethode equipment as determined to accordance / (b)(9)fcii). Tha nirehrr of 3-Wurperiods described in ASTM Ifottoid D-ttS? with! eLfl7(h) or other acceptable ,yJ for which average oreteatoae were (incorporated by refereoce as specified method. determtoed during tha regorttoy period in I6TJJ) shall be used. (e) Fer each Vhnsrpoiod. the vi^l shaft be trpsrf d Ktritornhwaa (Zftf) An. owner or operator mayore **chiorids cotoaot of tsofarioas stoiject to of tha earisaire Iterate ora oat detected engineering Judgment rafter tfcsn the the requif--sets of parayphs fa) raid the report abaft rental* a statement that procedures in paragraph (h)(1) offtfr (d) offtfr reeffon skrB he averaged no exceaaareissioM have bate detected irrtina tn flimeinmnto rtinl Ihn prsrsnt (weighted according to the proportion of Tba esateseoas are to be datereitoad to vinyl chloride content does not exceed time thatreriariona wnreeontimaaasly accordance with 61 Mfcej ~ 10 percent by weight for Uquid streams monitored aadAte caretere bypassed (2) to polyvinyl chiorida plaits for and 10 percent by volume for gas fta enrebreesa motetot) far prepare* of which a stripping operatic* is used to sfaeseN, posririad that (he enefneerftqg reporting) ifto tha rmfirrtoit foyrrl pretrrftrrf to judgment dn--tontonlhauiseetopt 5 6Ut*c#l}. | IMiei tha aware or operator shall ftBnnnnnnfm 34914 Federal Register / Vol. 51. No. 189 / Tuesday. September 30. 1986 / Rules and Regulations include in the report a record of the vinyl chloride content in the polyvinyl chloride resin. (i) * * (ii) * * * (jjj) The vinyl chloride content in each sample is to be determined by Test Method 107 as prescribed in 501.07(g)(3). (iv) [Reserved] (v) The report to the Administrator by the owner or operator is to include a Z Pq, Ma 1-1 At-- - Or Poi Md + Pd Md + qT where: A--24-hour average concentration of type T resin in ppm (dry weight besis) Q--Total production of type T resin over the 24-hour period, in kg. T--Type of resin. M--Concentration of vinyl chloride tn one sample of grade Gi resin in ppm. P--Production ofgrade Ci resin represented by the sample, in kg. Ci--Grade of resin: e.g~ Cl. G2. C3. n--Total number of grades of resin produced during the 24-hour period. The number of 24-hour average concentrations for each resin type determined during the reporting period hall be reported. If no 24-hour average reein vinyl chloride concentrations in excess of the limits prescribed in 61.64(e) are measured, the report shall state that no excess reein vinyl chloride concentrations were measured. (vi) The owner or operator shall retain at the source and make available for inspection by the Administrator for a minimum of 3 years records of ell data needed to furnish the information required by paragraph (c)(2)(v) of this section. The records are to contain the following information: (A) * * (B) * * * (3) The owner or operator shall include in the report a record of any emissions from each reactor opening in excess of the emission limits prescribed in 101.64(a)(2). Emissions are to be determined in accordance with 5 61.67(g)(5), except that emliatons for each reactor are to be determined. Hie number of reactor openings during the reporting period shall be reported. If emissions in excess of the emission limits are not detected, the report shall include a statement that excess emissions have not been detected. (4) In polyvinyl chloride plants for which stripping in the reactor is used to attain the emission level prescribed in record of any 24-hour average resin vinyl chloride concentration, as determined in this paragraph, in excess of the limits prescribed in 61.04(e). The vinyl chloride content found in each sample required by paragraphs (c)(2)(i) and (c)(2)(ii) of this section shall be averaged separately for each type of resin, over each calendar day and weighted according to the quantity of each grade of resin processed by the stripper^) that calendar day, according to the following equation: .PteMo. 5 01.04(f). the owner or operator shall include in the report a record of the vinyl chloride emissions from reactor opening loss and all sources following the reactor used as a stripper. (i) One representative sample, of polyvinyl chloride resin is to be taken from each batch of each grade of resin immediately following the completion of the stripping operation, and identified by resin type and grade and the date and time the batch is completed. The corresponding quantity of material processed in each stripper batch is to be recorded and identified by resin type and grade and the date and time the batch is completed. (ii) The vinyl chloride content in each sample is to be determined by Test Method 107 as prescribed in 5 01.67(g)(3). (iii) The combined emissions from reactor opening loss and all sources following the reactor used as a stripper are to be determined for each batch stripped in a reactor according to the procedure prescribed in 161.67(g)(6). (iv) The report to the Administrator by the owner or operator is to include e record of any 24-hour average combined reactor opening loss and emissions from ell sources following the reactor used as a stripper as determined in this paragraph, in excess of the limits prescribed in 161.64(f)- The combined reactor opening loss and emissions from all sources following the reactor used as a stripper associated with each batch are to be averaged separately for each type of resin, over each calendar day and weighted according to the quantity of each grade of resin stripped in reactors that calendar day as follows: For each type of resin (suspension, dispersion. latex, bulk, other), the following calculation is to be performed: n Z P Ctt I --I* Or PCgi+PaCcB+ . . . -f " Or where: A - 24-hour sverage combined reector opening loss end emissions from ell sources following the reactor used ee a stripper, in g vinyl chloride/kg product (dry weight besis). Q-Total production of resin in batches for which stripping is completed during the 24-hour period in kg. T-Type of resin. C-Average combined reactor opening loss end emissions from ell sources following the reactor used as stripper of ell batches of grade G| resin far which stripping is completed during the 24-hour period.in g vinyl chloride/kg product (dry weight basis) (determined according to procedure prescribed in 16147(g)(0)). P -Production of grade Ci retin in the batches for which C Is determined, In kg. G,-Grads of resin Gi, G end G*. n-Total number of grades of reein in batches for which stripping is completed during the 24-hour period The number of 24-hour average emissions determined during the reporting period shall be reported. If no 24-hour average combined reactor opening loss and emissions from all . sources following the reactor used a stripper in excess of the limits prescribed in 161.64(f) are determined, the report shall state that no excess vinyl chloride emissions were determined. 11. By revising paragraph (a) introductory text of 161.71 as follows: 61.71 Recordkeeping (a) The owner or operator of any source to which this subpart applies shall retain the following information at the source and make it available for inspection to the Administrator for a minimum of 3 years: 66 4 6 14. By revising paragraph (a)(4) and adding paragraph (bXl) to 161.18 as follows: (61.18 Incorporation by Reference. (a) * * * (4) ASTM D2267-68 (raapprovad 1070) Aromatics in Light Naphthas and ABD00080850 Federal Register / Vol. 51, No. 189 / Tuesday. September 30. 1986 / Rules and Regulations 34915 Aviation Gasoline by Gas Chromatography. IBR approved June 6. 1904. for 61.245(d)(1) and IBR approved September 30. 1986 for 61.67(h)(l). (b) The following material is available from the U.S. EPA Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory. Cincinnati. Ohio 45268. (1) Method 601. Test Method for Purgeabte Halocarbons. July 1962. IBR approved September 30.1986 for ! 81.87(g)(2). 15. By revising the definition "volatile hazardous air pollutants" in 61.241 of Subpart V to read as follows: $61,241 Definitions. "Volatile hazardous air pollutant" or "VHAP" means a substance regulated under this part for which a standard for equipment leaks of the substance has been proposed and promulgated. Benzene is a VHAP. Vinyl chloride is a VHAP. 10. By revising the definition of "connector'* in $ 61.241 of Subpart V as follows: $61,241 Definitions. "Connector" means flanged, screwed, welded, or other joined fittings used to connect two pipe lines or a pipe line and a piece of equipment. For the purpose of reporting and recordkeeping, connector means flanged fittings that are not covered by insulation or other materials that prevent location of the fittings. #a [FR Doc. 86-22032 Filed 9-29-66:8:45 am) ih t im> COOC ueo-VMH .t ir, t 4