Document yrpdM8ze6j5RrOoJdJoqz6Zjd

HMBB-002020'j =r-s Industrial Hygiene Digest INDUSTRIAL HEALTH NEWS a LITERATURE ABSTRACTS MEDICAL ENGINEERING CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGICAL LEGAL SEPTEMBER, 1967 (VoL 31, No. 9) INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE FOUNDATION MELLON INSTITUTE 4400 FITCH AVENUE PITTSBURGH, PA. 15213 I PLAINTIFF'S * EXHIBIT :MF-a3# 03122597 ?j' p.a INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE FEATURES Who should learn external cardiac message? See the answer inAbst. No. 821. pulmonary disease in a chickenpluckeris investigated in Abst. No, 864. Abst. No. 823 reports on sudden deafness associated with adenovirus infection. Abst. No. 865 reviews mortality among talc miners and millers in New York State. Medical complications of contact lenses and their aeromedicalimplications are discussed in Abst. No. 826. Human cholesterol metabolism is reviewed in Abst. No. 828. Abst. No. 868 looks at foundry pollution problems. A study on the endurance of fiber glass filter fabrics is made inAbst. No. 871. Abst. No. 841 discusses the bacte rial flora of the skin and its rela tion to post-operative wound infec tion. Abst. No. 845 is concerned with toxic hazards in the manufacture and use of surface coatings. Progress in high-temperature elec trostatic precipitation is described in Abst. No. 872. Cold exposure of farm, and labora tory workersis studied inAbst. No. 878. See Abst. No. 846 for data on acci dental child poisonings. Consult Abst. No. 858 for a rare case of chronic lead poisoning: polyneuropathy traced to lead shot in the appendix. Abst. No. 883 presents details on testing chemical detonation charateristics. A system for the safe handling of perchloric acid fames is discussed in Abst. No. 884. FOUNDATION FACTS STAFF ACTIVITIES; Dr. Robert T. P. deTreville. IHF Managing Director, and Dr. Paul Gross, IHF Research Laboratory Director, attended the Industrial Medical Association ofthe Pittsburgh-Cleveland Area Fall Scientific and Annual Business Meetings on September 8 at Mellon Institute. Dr. deTreville spoke to the Pittsburgh Chapter, Public Relations Society of America on "Informed Public Relations--An Essential Element in Industry's Pollution Control Programs" at their September 21 luncheon meeting at the Pitts burgh Press Club. Dr. deTreville attended the American Medical Asssocation's 27th Con gress on Occupational Health in Atlanta, Georgia September 25-26. Dr. Gross chaired the luncheon Conference on Air Pollution and Pulmonary Disease: Its Prevention and Treatment, during the Pennsylvania Medical Society's 118th Annual Session held in Philadelphia, September 27-30. 32nd ANNUAL MEETING; Preliminary invitational programs for the 32nd Annual Meeting October 10-11 at Chatham Center have been mailed. Please contact IHF headquaters if additional programs are needed. PUBLICATIONS: Medical Series Bulletin No, 12, "The Pneumoconioses," was mailed to all members with the August issue of the Industrial Hygiene Digest. Additional copies are available from IHF headquaters at $1.00 per copy. 03122598 HWBB-0020205 TABLE OF CONTENTS THIS ISSUE CONTAINS ABSTRACT NUMBERS 805-910 Page Threshold Limit Values for 1967--ACGIH.......................................... i News Items............................................................. 1 Coming Events.................................................................................... 3 Legal Developments...................................................................................................................................... 3 Books, Pamphlets and Notices.............................................................................................................. 4 Industrial Medical Practice.................................................................................................................... 5 Skin Diseases and Burns.................................................................................................................................. 10 Chemical Hazards..................................................................................... 10 Industrial Dusts................................................................................................................................................... IS Physical Aspects of the Environment.................................................................................................. 17 Radioactivity and X-Radiation............................................................................................................. 18 Environmental Measurements.............................................................................................................. 19 Preventive Engineering.......................................... 19 Community Air Hygiene........................................................................................................................................20 Management Aspects................................................................................................................................ . 24 Accidents and Prevention.................................................................................................................................. 24 Miscellaneous.......................................................................................................................................................... 25 Index ................................................................................................................................................................................... 26 Addresses of Journals Abstracted............................................................................................................... 28 03122599 J J Ji i ; : m 3 - S 4 -- Z Z 2 j rx e a s - E / _r S 'f !.-** . i c _ x : _ * r C 4 ti 1 H Is J| 4 4 _ a t, 2 J P | S I - a 0a f t i 4 ~ m sc " s .ft x a> X b S a52 EXa* - 3 = jj 2a-,2-;; '.ZH 3 _ orE'S otr; -- | 5 *S|c = X s S 4 s g aX ~ 4 X i - = T = . C-- 2 $ " a_X - 2- C * i J j* b if. " ^ %. C g gf S V5 ^ c ^-5i_: s * l* g-i " isig X =~ " 2 t> s B 5*,,-s .. -e " f ix 5 >a*' S'86 X 2 e - 4 b _ wX c -- . 5 .2 0 -- 4* If x 3 4 . a *3 x - u ^ 4. ^ ! . y u c 2 g 'Z c " V 4) -- ,0 - ; - *z o *z 1 8 4 2 7. t " Sfl* xSi - 4u *V xx c - 2|? ; S e J3 eawc 3 xLUo oa : - tt 4 ac 4 s " i 5 [ i .. U z 3 X -- si =~ --* v> r-: xs U* i xU 4 B-- X 3 4- : X B32* "Si _ f r .2 g = ii i;Il| | 5 B X e - x Si |x5 3 J! 4) . V. 5j3j .5 ' -5 2 k; ^ uut cy . -S C '04. 3 4(A. 'ft ^.? ** 2c o 1- 2 a c r " ,_ x " - X ^ x V 5 * r r -ec 44 f ? Is i $ 4 3 * ^ B | 5 a ft-H Sufi v a 2 ti a ** 40 5 x ^ * g e LI |i y a =* = e m S 20. 30 f .S .-2 4 W ax >. e s ei x S x 5 ^ - s " / ^ s2 /* x l z j = r> s S. 4 - I E ? 4 - P - > C f ; ^ * =w r11 2 : j 1 g | - " i i 3 rr - r 4 o > v i - c = - 23 " J # ; 'j S 4 4 5 4 - r 5 X -? 4 k. . o a U 5 > -i -- 4 33 3 .? 4 -i: l *gz ^* 55 * ,, z c 3:5 > 5 c- so *?5 --3 W <V c :sO c 'CSj . L 'C5kJ A =89 I? =aa f icb C 3 - - = s ^ 59 m S e4 4 - 4 S 4 "3 4 4 0 0 4 C *--o x x- 3 >. o 4XX 4 VI 5 3 O B1 2 3 g - ~ 66 4 ^3 A. A C X 11 11 i 3 4x 4 _ X . e X 4 .S X r 4 X 4 "5 " ^ 2 'ji T S? 2 o2 4^ 2 1^4 4X4 *2 2 - &s t *1 2.* S S>| C 4 4 >. 4 -- 3 3 X _ 3 s /. g = " X J c 15! 4 4 0 X a 9) J3 8 c * &C M * -d 5 a r* 5 ?.2 I- _s w . XI /, OS 4 c x * a o c 4-- e 4 3 -5 4 C 1 "1 - S <A S 4 eS a Co 4 2 '- X4 c 34S ft C 4 t" si CJ Ijc? (A X *3 ,t? *s a X -- -- ' E 4 ? it A 2 .s n^ - i 3--40 o t* S- .2 x h 0 x _ to i3 > 4 C J: .2 S g - 3 "3 E _--* 3 >-- O -- eS X X 4 C g-5?? ; _ E5 4 / ; 5 4* 4 -- 2 ic X E * 4 - C 4 .2 e C 3 C 4 . h. & ^ -- C = S - ^ c oo Xo g w y. t = = - 2 X " U -- -- MX 4 M a E 4 / (A XE ,4 l-l l 4 o 1-- i o iMs g x g g .2 i? s e >XX c -2 % 1 a ~ < 9= ir, *C e 4 X X X 2 e i g 4 .= ft 2 4 4 B X .H 5 | 2 A s e " I jj S3 3 4 4 3 ^ 4 c 3 r -b h 5 .5 i, ? 4 .c ft 4 x 4-X -- u X 4 s 4 y ? C a :? - - -z yosP u -C s E ic a x o. v> s - 1 v r >s c s* if, s Sr C _* -0 x - J 3 '2 4> 4 4) T, 3 = ? - X E = -5 3 ' w e V) 4 U1 M - x: 0 s 4 ----.w ^ ^ ^ w w CJ A 6 c ^^ 94 4 4 B -- C C E L. I|J! 2 5-:?w X X 6J .9 L;,; a ~ * S C4g>- -- 0 -- C X - C ^ x -* trt Z g X o c 4 a z o .5 -= ~ c v v 2 i E 5 o *2 3 - X e 4 . t- K 4) s.5 so . c y r j: c ~ , i g.4C2'Sa i Is -- 2 4* 3 f-f -- -- O ft 2 4 S 3s J V ? c s ^ if g C'Ue (A & x =x n - x J"2 3?O C 3 0 _ o c 4 - _ w o <4 4X 5 ? 5 * 3*" 3 4 - Z a. 2 -r 2 : .5 . S 3 3 g ^ Jt i u j u;us i : 5 4* - "*2 4 3 2 u u 3 .4 5 .2 a Z s x c y 444 xf X 2 C g S 6 > ? c i t?r 51 -- W 111 4 4 t_ = X 05 = ! ! i i 4 4 > c S i x X C > -- 4 - V/ 'X X E ox c 4 _ cr $ if < .2 5 H < 3 'X '-- -- X ^ T -- 4 a-- 3 a o u. 17^5? <> LU `5> < > SJ ISl "u 1/1 s= e < " 2 s: I o "ro CT1 '5 = <A . -- s r-- 4TO O 4> C O- o-I z/> UJ 0 ~ a<j -- z O o' &j - oo *; v rz C. >- o O C ..C< OO < o 4 i x ft 4 4 4 a :v ix - s -r x s 4 3 *T C 4 XX _ " B ft *c0 ^4 4 Xs.BC - 4X ZeSac-o-x ..a-'? aa. -- - r 3 4 v. - -- 4 j0 4" -- si " 4 4 *0 5 3SM B X 4-- ? C X = 5 _ . m X --X 2 cx S5a- 2b X c 41 -w X -- Z 4 ` > > _ 4 *c S fl > 4 3 > J| s 11; isi:: B .sSh 3 2 x2 i E x _ c 22 = f- Z e s 2 S cX - ls|! e 4 4 0 je C c x 4 3 ,t -- ft 2 o *o i 3 > c ~ it 4X3 - 3 S = TX 3 S *5 >. ft " -- 5 5 6 *' =g Bc S.4--3 44 3 e 2 4 -ft a -o * X w" 4 . X 2 S. 4 u > <e 3 3 ec X c > i *X 3 *x e e ~ 1 " -- sis? 4k. ^ A -- tA w - = -5 ^C " Z 4 5 as ,* J x g* 51 - Ji j o S2 s3-*= cC 2X 1 b? 1 3x x X ** B I >-1 2 s -w ^ *7 B - ? I |le 3 V - s <x - {A -- 3 ft * *X- 2 - w 4 2 N B " ? T. x * Jx 4 B Z ft ix Z | -2 4 C Xc 4 u"5 * - 5 S - C 2 34 X = -o . B 45B B-- 3 4 4 a* - OC a 3 4 4<fi n, x 4 2 *5 X B x fits 4C 1 .2 b u M 4 j 2 i s ft 5 3x > B B 06 4 S a > ft V) X4 --1 x ft x - . 4 X c- Z 4X j f X eoc 4 ---- .. 2.2 2 0 I} _a 0 6t> Jt *" C 4 7 r & o xB M V - * J .2 -434 M S(-'a * X 4 O 4 !/> 4c B ^ ,imni 53 z3 ft : ^ r: : se s2 X i /. T : c $ us ~ *xr Vc. a X 4* X p x : * ~ 3 C .XX 5 ^ i1 4 61 X 3 1 o 4 3 z. . ^ 2 " a 4 .3?Ut|o .2 r * 4 ** w * . 3 if - ^ > M X c x x st 3 tj B 1 a -- 2 c a2 0 -2 1 c a 2 ZZ<- 4 0 . . i 3|3 S B 2 2a ?g|5y 2 ^ E X c y 3 X 0 r 4 3 "S a . " ' X 4 4 4 4 H4x a. 5 J X '-X - III C 6 O <S> tfi fsi CM rs S2 T0922TC0 g^tnrtnNNn ^ <Nts>mif>ooooooc>oo w> ^ * ><*>>/> 111 * S J UJ J c- ~p s & s * -- X C3 i 5l Sfi' I s. . * E .* If Ilf -- s .s :f 8j* -- 4) : * 5 :** :s , -- O .5 s y 2 ' ft o c c *r .5 8 si'll 2$-8? SSSee w 1 V C ri| O ,s*l jc _ /> ^ *5.2 j Z .5 o sru 5A*s > : jS"iT *s i S itr HU i |iS sL s.li* S e *<> ' i-5-s.g os .2 = .\ _ S'"** 40 e-- : i6c >... .2 .2 e fill!. f Siii: :11 5| f2 g ||(5| ^l _ _ 5 I < -5 "Z UUUOUUUOOu :===<5 e <ol s o. r s o M <<<<<< < < < << :<<<< <m< * e * < < affijgo2<i * l a 9 l IE Jin > 0 i J* e i:. 0 Eo E , ! 5 5 ft * k4 t x I I? ,, c a m C a ^ -- * < y s-- * *4 AO y <A 5~ c S o S S-S II c y '5 2 (fl f) _ -- w c *0 o O VO >> f -o * r- aC 3 >.2 o ai x x i n-5- a c = W 3 * (I Q O ".fi ll<* 2y* = i " w -6 WCrt - S S o III!to & 0) j--: - f1! ^ T (I ii o * s 5 I VX s ? C .. o^ g bc m V *0 k. O v D * >~ 4i r u X v> a 2 EJi = X g (A x a Zgx a ai y V ^ j--: m _Q a=gc S = " a 8e *3 | Z a 0--9 T * IA " 2 ti a c > 9-u. 5 - o _ CM m 41 -- 9 4.-2 g I ^ .2 C- 4> 3 " o z 9> *,, Cc 9 -- -- C 5 --OT - ts2 -- 4> ,, 0 o w . - * I " ~ ' > e i 4> V -- -o 5 8 a 4/ " VI ow >^ 45 -o-2 = 4. x > -O ~ S 41 E w -o 8 <A 3 13 X W4i 1 13 '3 a -o 4i v> E 1 -- v z *2 M HU 5 3 X (A S' i x a W9 Sfli 3 'Z 2 o o f s|e? w a 2 5m a 41 x -- '> o o Q, 41 *3 .2 ?o 4i < 41 E _ -o I 5 aw m o 41 41 -- ae "O *5 i - . v - 5 E w a - 2m g g o * 5 SI a w ^ .t: . - w & ,, c o 5 o j J* Ofi g > x " ^1 o 5 Ss- 2 2 13 -- 0 4i ;|2 M 5^ > C; C e : 4i a c x "* `5 " <1 4) o e xU-- - o ix'gz w 41 3 "O X *3 ISox rr g.2 < M X O- C " H * 4> ; 41 c i ois-s 9t Ce To if* 2 --0 O .41'" i-i o " -- S' e r t f* 5 y oC MM O. MC a a s - og a _ .2 41 -- c --x c gH ^M . a -- M- X 3 2 o U> -- <A si 1 a x 41 41 ^ 3 o a 4. 41 - g 2 C ai > c g SS a Ji'iJS * c> uc:i 4. -I" 2 J . E I o x s o y 41 a . * |i? 5 9X ~ e o y i = a .5x1 41 " 4vl X 41 x --.41 1 *, * si "i a -- -".S e o (fi -- ij -r 5; ~A | X a * c b o 4<g : *H.S -- 2 M S.s - . -o y 82 5 > u y S a "- !f?5 ** c y 5; o a 5 fOl * ^ 3l X6 Z4 i%4. ^ X B >. or, ru.i e -i - s =s a " .. y | 4, c lae X - 3 * iS=^ 5 >> 3 1 a * a * y. o * w O y a > 2 g -e 5 .S -o a a _ B '.c= ^y a .S fi a 5 o w 5 c -- a 5 X y e w. V X X y * e & m *5 a - -S i y " .2 2 9 x o 2 3 *1 a., " > 4l -- a *o i y a |Jfs!! C 0 0 a Ju . a -X ^ y > y y xX 3 < 0 01 e aE o a lA. y "S a E 5 E vy - a y X -0 3 >2 y G o iz a - a f - o -- -t. oO a 3 c <n -- a _ 3 g 4) x >> X. _ x , a - " O -- j 0 3 0y ce w " u y -- a e _ i: C o ^2 w 5 w |S a 3 s <8 0 <A 4*1 - a _ 4. * 3 -- 0 - v . x o >. - o * a. u &X a -- 2 " ^*3 - " a a .3 2 y x o *o * ; 5 ; . y a o S * JS a 1t " 4 - -- CJ E x 3 a - y a 4) X -- 4, yXx a y -- ^ ^ ^ -g i 3 -- X a * c a O 9- - X = y. - - X - y r 5 a " -3 2 ~ - 2 >< -3^3. o yx a a^ cS" - O s .2 j o : : , = M T a- 3 aX c 2 " S -5 Ca a -- ' 3 0 * -3 3 y - ,, E . 5 | = >. a"t t y y -- X S X2 ax Q. 2 a E u y s y ! E E - 2 a *. " > S < y l t y y n a - xy ? >. -- E ft* - o a &Z y o x '1 & So 3 .e5 - -- o-- x ySy 2 * o --_ S a o -- g 2 - -o y b x +i > C a y -- a E y ZZ y -- 4i c t -- a 3 x y ij y -- X 3 y 3w X y if j Iss * > a aaft a aw a x -- --T .2 y = t. o x X *3 s= x a it a I - -- -- a 8. % 2 y .2 & . - r= II a * ^ a < -c --"xa % as -- 3 " g a. > y u " ~ y 9 X 3 .Mx * o e 1 y 2 a-- a a ~ > -_ ,, 3> S I 3< s I . use - 3 .2 y u a M x My o -- < , _ j% -- e o o c ce ^ 0f^7'V/m`>*0NN(0^*0^)O0O0OwO-gi0gCO^n--.w<v-i V"5 <V -- > iO -- O J 7>Oor or ^ -- ** -- 5; e u , J . <s> T 15 S S silt 5 o --> o o c *o -- u H E = * TO v e _ _ irJ s = s w> o 2 <5 4. 5 2 s C _ <fl "tier - o o i & 5 '. -- rS x * ? 4i 2s ^ . e f. jsj 111 -| So f * * e 5." ! I >. ; * v Si S (Q Z S 3 v C "V W 3? -- i ? *ilf g S gJ S22e S'? :* ? v f '5 t ? 8-',sl5o ?? 5 2 iI W = T? V O V ** III o =E a. o o e e &r ^Jf g C e O s -- -5 fli IS-o e o lx ^ >k > > >s 4) >< > s S ________ C t c e i *c i S S C S | e * 2 >. > EE J. e e fif - . . -- -- -- -- <*) u/ uj <? g #l`f >* > o 5<sJ -TO o a * a a iuuu --' fs yj UJ r-4 ts IliUlUttlU y ^ uwu uwuwuu UJ UJ UJ J _ 1 i 1,1 i3---- o oe! I SgS o-C i l i1 N -- SSC g S 8 * 8 - s wr"> rt s cs I m e o "5 ff> -- *" 5 e u. 5 ill jt cf Z| s2 *>> ji * vtt MxSu ui *> f 7 | o v> IS 8w (9 " : 4) J .5 Z% 2 J! I "VI Is if ss e ; S M t O "8g gs E js; 2-o w a * si I t> JS - ** 8 f I if! 5 tp g : ill , v _> 1 o 2 Si 2 - 2 . > o S s|S v g ~ tf I e lit ;?l4 2 * 2 * o -- *c e 5 S* * iiibIIs , 5 K tl 8g S S jr v> c C s S ^ I >> 2?" * E i S - & , o ce- >4 JC <> -- c ** : o o o o o Q 0. ? c!|* a o o w -- Sa SaSaw*w--'S_ S o Ce 2 2S*lo >> >*> 5 w >. ^ > 3 fit 0. I* I s It a a 7*00 i wow 5c Si i{ E it n j! o O X > >1 5.5*oo . p w w O O r- fu _ Bl o o o S es o E o| oe o| o e o e ) OO O UOnQO a25Vflo -- o a O --*-S O Q a o OOOO oSo OOOO o o - -o -- ^Ef tiAOO-Lo.I -- gss -- <-- O O rsi -- -- < j I \ l f < /> w-) wn <*- ^ oH<^ -- -- -- W> < VN( -- O O W) I o I l I I g = 1 S ru i 0-20 8*. 9 <j o j* o 1*1 a ^ " 5 3w 2 > * o v ^ sSSS Sis 22 iS 21I? * O * * c -- o 5 * s =2 ^v o o S4-.S fr 1. 11: o *o E - - CD <SI II : c f3 i 5 j; a I 22 o < s * *5 !8 o oib J. (6 k O (J O UU O O 2 <j . -- i .5 5 c i<kl 1s sa r! S2a -- t: V .* > E * 2 6 2a w |g *5| * o O -- w 2 Je , " -- |1 -- -- _ .S C * = |2 v c o5T22n o= ?c i * t _ S|srC C j - uJ" t e I e ,, Stf i -rSSS 'Ss iiifif f ilfli lift |l|| ls <C o a 2 i"5 - llll99 ` "!Io y2eo o2 ^ c S 2 .u c c W e t O " " o UUOUeg t) <N i UU--uuu oo o oo + o C0922TC0 N O tft kft CQ <S) -- io--'oooooooooo^oc'o^v^ -*** - ---8 -- -#<n<M o-- o d , iisrti' -- Wi I o o O O O W*> Q V> <^--O V e ^ cd -- <ro cn 8: 76 f|i| : % Jo | = e A .. vt 3 ,, u T B * -- " 1 i ~ o g <* _ .s j S Z n S >.1? a Z">ie|2 a. a. a. a. ftt w > tq ^ 2 Sr 5 "f * e > > S , o : s Cl cl a a o a e e . G s 5*6 S? - ^ <+> o -* ** - t+t --- -- S SSggggg -* <TO * 0(00 S~2 '22 o e o i n o* o * -- fcrt * u*> -* > '2 gogi 1 ^ g i I i <n----- >0^ c . 5 2 :& ||i -- ,5 vt V 5f5* 55 fS S I 5-J2: TO S3 >. >. v * S 2 cm S 2 mi Ilf g ->7S *> *> 5ess ^=~J>*'-2'2.o 2 Z -3 S : >.3 . e 1I 5 = s * s " ?fi JT -- n 6 > jc o > slsffflllf Z 2 * ^ 2 is e si & . V. w - *? e 8( ifsSlisj s^ . ^> 3 2 c> STO IfJillIlf $ g. <3 _ I 2 g ^o2 *" 2a & S x WE -- <S 2 Is x x e v rS >x1'S S . x ?. SS 4> wI- TTO ^& uv ililfi S S S S SB^ vvft)Vuua>^t>uo ZZSSSSZoZZZ !s *** Sszzdz: Si 4 s x j: ; i sgll i_> c ti -- fll mi e e e z r 5 a C.Z Z Z o OOin^^O I *on 0OO-*OO--O-O. ^Or*--"C--M< -- n w> * -- ON"(rtO -- -- o iinodo i1 e o o (e O^ No ncoi^oomoo i -- ~ <N V ^ 1 s I I I I I w TO -S-'S"S-"SK^^e - o*S 51 ^ 84, G . e .s! TO /> S S S 5.J s s = w 5i |4 2 2 53gSwS^|fiS s . e jc -- -- CN Co u uC ^ - r w >S c c e c e _e ___ 2il_ . 11 w je v> -- o wr-S,* -- iS;uJ _ 4i -- e _ 2-=| e3 &&&&& C5 s -- ^ -- o o o o o o "oSeeefSSSSSS* o ? *c> ix. S* S . -- - S o E E 3 s s e 2 ;J xx c 3 2 5 5 S 3 A > u *9 fQ u i -6 5 . x x x x x x .5 .r c _ 2~8 (28"8oQ S Q- & 8.a|aagaaSaa.S .aa5 2-'S"S^. j;0S Q-' .M5^|cS||= |> >2, IkCtf o : Z Z Z Z Z Z o + o o * o -.<1- a ui H v> 9 h e M o UI CO a. UI ini . Sb "'gSSSi V_ -- 9 sis -2 3 si J & -rq 5 S 4> / aS>eo 3lgS o||k J ^ CL l f i o> U ,. -S 7" VI . ~ 9 e ^ S : ? z2 * ^ 5m a < g4s*|| S o -- ---- 5a .. ~ r*) e 5- || o r ; e - 5 iU 5 S iii ft 2 ?J iiiiL ii; 111 t *i e -:*Ilii Wj . - s :0a. . ? - I | ' * ; J I C S 52 Z o 1 f l S-* = 1 N :; * ! i :: i 00 O CM CM s SO *?v H c? o c o i; o o oo i -- awi- * o o' o' o s O O <f> W> -- W> I ~ : 5 4 = -s I I I I g 1 g* I 1 155 ! Is ^e o C tfi ^ f 6^ | :| i oft S SsS > S^I S _ >. . 2" . a v II * . 41 O . See 5gg5- s|.g 55 __ " s 92 j#,eroo2#o5a.?a. & eS19 3 g.* g Si?. ^Q.2-32-- 4 E c"2 e cis e e >5 - 4> ^ > >2:25 *'' N a Z sL |i " o o -- S 5 > c -- ? 5 i I 5 11 J -2.2.2f;-St, v c u a a --a c 3 * 32 % *- ` H K m` fM*1 - s > A C 3 Eg -s *2 Si is nn 5 _ .* : w > s U e V 9 2 !<S 3 6 0 . S l|? 1 I e 2 a a 4 4" 3<= ./ g "2 .5 m * .. e ,4 4 2 -- 1 r 1* *S C :3E 2 4 sir s 4 a. Z -3 4 T" w a 5 4 _ j2: & 4 (A ^ - 2s ,, 4_ o i | "2 s e Jot ; -> u : ^ ^ 9- i>s 4 ji" ls g- ? c^ a5 -= : =52.2 4 C - J V ' J| C 9 s lit I 2 * a sise o ' _ ! . r _ . e u d e 2 *29 4 o o a"z06a=-B w^OOOOOOOOCmOOO^^O-- ^oo g S?-g (N -NO o oo o oc I I I I Io I I 1 1 I I 0e) 4c) * <"i o ^ o> <s> o w o 4> CD rz O I 5 * r> ^ 1 1 S j 2g S S C 33 gfl >>5i jj : clo>o:v,i ! . 'Z i O I " s*O S S -4o g S 5Ios*--i 4 3 E S 52 jES vv o2 X l = 5 (A V) V) ^ E _ o 2.2 s fclj 5s 5 S || s -- .z -- a> O W M> c ^ - O 1k9 n n a c> -as 2 s~=* ?e5is . S^ S J5 v E , = .52 - v e iS ^* g_ - JC . , C 4;15 w 6 ft- -^3 * -- .2 !SSJla3s|-iafe|s |fc` ) Is j = 5 S ) V) V) V) M - - ? vi !? S trt nV uj h T h T. H h4 r 4 '16 h | " 5 : -J .Pi S5 : .Si's e>.4E 4 IB <B <0 4 4 4 4 * . o E * . ." 6 >?= 5 s .S n -- hh hP e &* g.s "51gi^ S = I1!;-! O o* S v 4 W es2eS s r-Ssse . . ,r e or h- H H H K o o g2 != *-e S09ZZTC0 c ^ C 4. S = e is 3** -eo' S I g 5 s 2 c ? - ---- * 4 5 ::-s j|s ^23^5=5]/ = = O 4> S -- = O1^ -- 9sO- I* *-- c re jn: * ,,= *<* ei ^ i ^ ^ re g ii g s < *" --o =2 S -ft i5 e *V ^ s - != 2 ff W ^ =S t * ft w = v o 5 c e >h r *o r* JS S- = 5 9.S ^ Q. S 4i e v " s 6 u s e* * eM = e & s -- O U i 4> S? S W ft> ? S ri s *^5 c O 4> o -- cj 3 = | So y o " re c I 1 5 I x: c ??i.3 = n ~ = 5- - e " o -> - * 'V -- -- aa o - e -= 0=1-1* a * ft 1 35 < v * . 3. c > E e . 3 as i > 2 2 If ;^-s o u ^ 2* a. Ss1c = 41-0 c t> -O 0 o jlfsl E S3 3 u Iff is J"ii -- fti ^ I 5*2 w _ * 2 ti" o = iei *1 4 ^* . v tn "2 0 Ilf!! 5 1 Z H i .2 j? o 2= ^ T !v >-- so Ct* n a Z S^ J, .i* s ..-f5t> 22 5 = o. *- . ~> aMi a- C s i-S X a. < 0 -- 0 -- f O N | -- -- ~-"> r> .. -- i i d ~ -de> t I Q -- i -- 2 ^3 ^i -3 z 5 J= O X < * ** Z *^ ^ S 13 ^ cz alsl o ft > e _ kL * 1 I 1 4/1 LU 3 _l < 4/1 > UJ U ft!:ro b | e Srii Q z SX 5 r Z. S H X o E5 ^ 2 ~ 3 T, Z ft ft c O o re ft x Z = " > re 4/1 Ui 5 u 5 g ct ^O --ft -= 4oJ z S ft & C ^1) cII ^" ft) C > *-v II w eo Mi ill !<*' 5. a ' * 4 - E 2 e 5 ^ 5>, <o5 &e S *gca i S * x - s *i g 2 *2! 2 o> oo 5l 2.S S g s t </> S.f^ I 1 | u. < v4 x x z: .2 si Z Z ' '4<cS O O ^ V s v Zi 35 -- 3 N o -O * t NO TICE OF IN TEN D ED CHANGES Of --r x c * c S ^ g y | 4i i! ^ i a 3 m1 4 2 ? s S- 3 5i i*,*c > c^ ! ~x 5r 5 s. Ml! t. t> -r CE 4 .IU z > * 5 5 f w-111 c X ~ 3 x ~ s 5 ^g - s . 2 2 2 S y %c 4 ^3 g3 (9 > ii ^ x if ill FH - 5 ? --e s> MM s " / s 9 5 |i= H- & e a 3 JJ; f i X r. 3 ; se ^a Ift i = i! i m s !; I O -- |^>^irt -- o O -- -- ( -- d |--l^>|| lc| " <8 ' a a * ii Ms 2. z u : - a 44 6 H ^S*olv i -- e o $ 'll M: 5 S vE n 5 2 fc i i> 5 ii I g ft -- V -- S = 2 s 2. I, 'ilfsHl II 5 I I X ft) ft) i i . ? x ?5 - 0 4= -- n . C XA Sx 4z1 O x ft 3_ I ^ is S 4| U ^ -- oof; o : ii: ii a o __ ?>S. " e O 0X | O e ? | S E a i- IlT | i* 5* s s if 1 **tt iuosofioo ^ Ifc O CL fl ^ % < * <e = = ' I 9 Z *2 ; s < a. I 5 oc a z *> rsifc* re c c ^-- a ~5 S O Sus Z re CJ <j|*" U. S - ?T "lM ^5 -I - K bJ -!aj ao- re S > 5_ rr *- 4 2|;S I - -2 -u ea 5a -a f > > A < */>* > iuui k- "-1 -=>^ 5HI -: x* -* SX Q*lll UJ a: I* `w If Z2 o j i J V 6 S 3a A5 *S 54i -0 ^ VC ~e Co> >. 5 > * (5 o a --i 1. aA.oM S _-Z> 're o _i -"'ir !5'3* i? = > . K-i _>) -- H 15 r h B 3 E v> S i 6 _ < s ;!|I . ** ._ re e S re a eS -- n E <J V c 5o 'yZ a* Ss' efi5S| 2 S S *|rS #|6 r*s? r r > o 3i -- i?, J5 ' * 1F E * Se;eo So- O= J 7i1 ^4> --- S n _S S ~ Ha 2r 5 ~ a 2 asS -*12 . K3 > W > _t it o-r> r -- u s - s "III i: * si O < *> <J !1J! ft C " - r - S2 2 2 R ; 2 a = re _l~ d ojj <*VI olS oh- 4 *0 ^ A a > 0> S5| 3 o> ^3 .5 5 e s a j0;"1 *a 4Z^J .r ,-T 5- v> *0o) c^ ^ 4. 01 e s g41 .2 0 ^ Q. ~SS E C 4) C 10 4) ^ 0> X ,* 6 O Mt c2 a.A --= <A ^ *J >. c >* s "" <u o c J 2 5 ? a ~ ^=S#s; j; Q.J: = o ~ 41 * ~ O W o> ^js --c o '=5 W ^N| S^2=| 5l u 9 o |*i! >-o -- ^ `-ia <11 ^ 41 C E ' -- 4> 2*52 ^ = V 2 = o M OJ = 2 i ^H =1 w ,,^ 5( oC O= ~s ~ ~ <o o Jj 4) V 4) > p V <*U <0 -- <* s i -- .. .. <J s i41 oV -O >, <o mm X Lo_ c_ "</l a a i: ^ a ow5 S- s 2=|1 ?1 S ! . i *A 2 e > 3O O ji r; . w> ." 0 Ev o>sje= zc. It! - J Wu CO 4) >> s f ( fa*. >> in ^ ^ re 4> <0 > s j= o e c . <0 3 tA ^ = 15 ^ 5 S O g * ^ a 5 3 z *" <0 a, o 5 s "j rr .. c Ov V o OA -I-A .--= va- 'Sl ^ .t? 2 -- M o -z HI V) % H *5 <9 4> Z- u o 0J tAj ^0> *Ow 0) -- 5 ^^ S ^ ^ ^ $ 5i. ^-- rv;i O0 M 3 je: g.s I .S c m -- ^ S -o - O0 rr c M * " V >. fS? e c r u A Is s 3 o> a . i o a2 oJ v* v *a g ^ 5 E ^=-2S3| v j> V U V 'O S Z "-- V to <n v 5 55 3 V a<0 ~ V V j= <o > a S g S S <o <o _ 6 >re *35 t= m V a a - l 1 = 2 w2 & o 5 . " 5 M ^ */t *> 5 _w 3 ^ ^ S>>> 0 =f5 00 c *! * ? re V-- V v g g re a w -- -- > S ,, 2 iSo-g oi a 3 E w ; * S2 a a?Si re - s. ur >-- I -- | 2 e c =5.2 *15 T3 -- V re O 41 oM re 2*4 8*s& ^ c -- re y < --re c= "<2 uJ a2 m s i / >s C C 4) 2 - s. 1 . | .5 | M "S s I 8 5 v --a e wa re o a CA A) I < rae go z -- r--e 2 a a S E " o re J R 9 E 5- 25 5 2i 09Z2IC0 a S <5 5 2 .5 Z D g (3J wg as. * ? o (0 w </> < a - g >0 ^ p s 2 5 = SS a *~ *2*SS = re >.=s z 1 f! > ;- i I s s* s > f P V O P -- > C ** A a > <9 X _ f> 3 V -- 3 -- 41 -- <-9 I*?M* ' |"|2S C &) s " * ^ p J a.r * 3 u -- ft) ftp % S s S3* f v-s * si "5 <o S .. g |S . U c w,3 igio es ' .i = -- O e o *>: 2 5 o = .5 g <2 o e " p I - 2 e-s irt u5 -- P &o p --s 3 '.I _ S " n S o = p S2 *" E e --- ^ Mt ^5 ^6 (ft ^ ti *5 wg Iss *3 e m S=T s .r _ 4) o .r II St5* _ ^ 25 .f2 s e ~ * S g.3 fi p - e-e J w * .2 *w> -ii > p -- ^ *t ^ I p ^ Pf - |2-S S-=,5*u*rp a S|e_S -- * o 73 So s --`loll -, u. = .2 . 2 S O 41 C > = o E ps 8i;i IgS*^ c u p vi* e - 5 c p . ** o s ft i. J2 II* ss &v P S.2 8og p 3 g ^ C ii *5S2 .= UP <0 i 1Z I4'2 E 4 MC oiJ. 5.5 </>*** * (ft V. >* a o ^4 !* _t ^ ^ P o p 06 55 ~ _ * p -p S ^ .2 * 5 .r? .. 4A -O ^ o e Q X .O> V -J ~ A E2h a. w >s o ^ c 5 ** 3 8 p s3 P P P <A N .-- Z u p 3S'.2 iE Ut"i U0 r -- ' l|g s S\ V) T6) o; <9 e e e s * tA O V) e 5 p ^5 2-S 5 !s8*3 ill &1 ^ < ^ c a-- v S - S p .5 S --O IpA P ~ 3 ^ .2 v> s A ' 5 p S U3 3 19 -- & iff 5- w 0S5 X-s > .2 -1 S' Jg pI is *.! 5gE_ c S u a a, - s p w o. o ft ^ c o :z leSa T3 * " c ' * P* c ftp Q.O C Q. S C ft) ft> ZT ft> 3N > VI 3 095 g f H w (fl w o P V ,f u 75 "5 j -g > = . * ft -iS Ii *- 75 ' w> ft) ^ -- 5 o . o a ft) > < O ft) _ eW e , w -- r --m^ MO ft) ^ ft) SS(ft 8coUx (ft _2 i* 3U` W u . o[ I "*L W] M nje |k _'P 'I * !l ti -|^ ^|-- ~\+> wj W Ujo jo * S 3-- v s *1 o* e w 2-2 ss:s o a.x a a= = MI5 .* I g p 3 -3 C- 3 e J fi e> r; g ^ c ZZ <? ' fisi ii g g : 14 v) < " 4 O 4> 5 IS5|S < Ht2 I ^ c o ii ,, 2S > E go c^S"; 2||S of 2 z S5 =-<G *a 1 - it I _ tn n fi ~ ft " < tj op !l -I* sX P s o c JJ > _i i o e5 1 s !> 2 2 6 o 5 u S ^ S5 - CL rUi C ^o Z(ft A si K IS < X c J .2 2 ^ S * b E (n ' f *H o e. <n JJ w E _ 5 * = g* 9 .2 --6 bb *b f 0 O mu* ^ ^ < 2 X 'S :,*5x to r. e - U.9 r: Z "4; ---c .'55 c. . * U b TO (j i. 5 six S a c o o S vE Z-- < - b ~ w * sS e 5 -t -- #05 > * 3 f * I .5 *o O |J 3r a2 o x o-* .2 U o * <> y 21 i i -- in -- e .2 u & _ -- x b fi !i M * v S'fS 3 I * c 41 2v u # s v * 5 5 -s '* f * V 5 41 3 S" Z X *- ` H w o to ` # * i. 5 * Z -- TO 4i li J 2 C X41 X "E i ij .5e S C *o bx b x H X H b TO V CNI o CNI o00 CS 63 I < CO c\* CO w H oa o iIstsifsi UJ x b 4i -.ZZZZZ e a & < 41 < >e E e x.2 S2x= < < ui uj z *. b * - MX < to 4, e e > -S TO m b -* i -- to " TO TO Q c to-o a: o = " ^.-o b H 5.1? riisi l*gx > - to e. CL -3 isJ; or -- (J 7 e ' .x6 S S.s o A* t ^' M b -o 5 to *S 25 b i -- cS-S _ e o XO = X a * bgfl Sto.S 2 A) ~ ilf q ^ ? fcjcjoj h5ic 6 o*e: . >5 .=- is.^tc Z to * * C3 Z ^ X S o '--- STO "o, Xe c 2032r5 TO S . <0 TO Z z U.UJ*KS ;du z UJ to*0- Vo 21 i|s uj = -1 .sail5 _; >?E3> 41 . b TO To ujz^oa.* b TO r3 2(I11 -Cl ,, b 5 S V s o 'eI 5 U |s &" i s . s tr -- to to r o -- TM sr--a 6 to ^SSZZ(TO(TOv)f-H s c Q x e a a O TO o 2 TO C ,, I 11 s 4> C T-O- nB --X tToO *E * < ..c3 2 5 TO TO * ^ bw x a olio <A " 3 > 3 ^ 2 c O 4) = TO c O .Susi-" i1 fl, 2a0a. ~tDoa J -- TO TO -o 5 6 -- 2 x wb <000. OWOUO> 11 >-- -- rJA September, 1967 Volume XXXI No. 9 Industrial Hygiene Foundation 4400 Fifth Avenue Pittsburgh, Pa. 13213 HMBB-0020211 INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE DIGEST Literature and News NEWS ITEMS 805 Discouraging Figures. The economic loss from highway carnage continues to climb. The Insurance Information Institute has estimated that traffic accidents in March cost this country S981 million, a figure that is about SI 20 million over the comparable month for 1966. For the first quarter of 1967, the loss has climbed to $2.78 billion, almost $200 million over the 1966 quarterly total. In March there were 14. 3% more traffic accidents than in the previous March and traffic injuries were up 6. 9<po. The National Safety Council reported 3, 940 traffic deaths for March, 21 0 over the 1 966 total. -- Safety Maint. 134, 8 (Aug. 1967). 806 Encouraging Figures. In 1963 the federal government passed the Clean Air Act to make industry and private citizenry do something to clean up the air we all breathe. In that year the total sales of the member companies of the Industrial Gas Cleaning Institute amounted to $32 million. In 1964 the figure rose to $45 million, in 1965 to S53 million. In 1966 even more factories and private incin erators were installing electrostatic precipitators, mechanical collectors, fabric collectors, and wet scrubbers--to the tune of $69-1 /2 million in the United States and $9 million in Can ada. These figures do not include auxiliary equipment such as foundations, ductwork, instru mentation, cooling towers, fans, or motors. It is estimated that the Institute membership accounts for about 75 percent of the industrial air pollution and dust control equipment sold in the U.S. The progress indicated by these sales figures are encouraging, but the clean air program still has a vast amount of dusts, gases and fumes to precipitate. -- Safety Maint. 13, 8 (Aug. 1967). 807 Hormones and Drugs in Heart Disease. The role of hormones and drugs in heart disease is being studied under individual and blanket grants from the National Institutes of Health (NIH). The mechanism by which the hormone angio tensin controls blcod pressure is the research project of Dr. H. Peter Metzger of the Univer sity of Colorado's chemistry department. Dr. Metzger finds that blood pressure correlates with the blood level of angiotensin. If the hormone's production and release mechanisms can be elucidated, certain kinds of blood pressure may be controlled, Dr. Metzer says. NIH grants totaling SI. 2 million to 19 new clinical centers brings to 55 the organizations participat ing in the study of blood cholesterol levels. The study seeks to find the relationship between long-term heart attack survival and levels of cholesterol and fatty substances in blood. Drugs such as ethyl chlorophenoxyisobutyrate, D-thyroxine, estrogens, and nicotinic acid lowered blood-lipid levels in previous tests and were not seriously toxic. -- Chem. Eng. News 45, 41 (July 24, 1967). 808 Aspirin. Tissue damage by aspirin is being investigated by scientists at Purdue University's School of Pharmacy, Lafayette, Ind. Using C-14-labeled aspirin, Erdie Morris, A. J. Noujaim, T. S. Miya, and J. E. Christian find that doses of 50 to 600 mg. per kg. in rats cause damage to stomach tissue. However, the Purdue workers conclude, localized breakdown by particles is not the sole cause of gastric tissue damage. Capillary wall damage may be important. -- Chem. Eng. News 45, 41 (Aug. 14, 1967). 1. 03122609 Industrial Hygiene Digest September, 1967 809 Pep Pills--A New Qn-the-Job Hazard. Narcotic authorities are turning up well-supplied pep pill pushers in many companies having assembly-line workers. A major farm equipment manufacturer and a food processor report increased use. One worker's tool box, for example, contained 100 "bennies." Some executives are blaming this "underground" factory-safety problem on today's fast production pace and moonlighting. Many employers are reluctant to attack the problem for fear of stirring un favorable publicity. The true extent of the drug menace is not known; but it may explain the underlying cause of some on-the-job accidents now blamed on poor judgment. -- Natl. Safety News 96, 12 (Aug. 1967). 810 STP The hallucinogenic drug'STP has been identified by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as being identical to an experimental compound called DOM developed at Dow Chemical. The com pound is 4-methyl-2, 5-dimethoxy-alpha-methylphenethyl-amine and is chemically related to mescaline (3,4, 5-trimethoxyphenethylamine) and amphetamine (alpha-methylphenethylamine). Dow has filed no application for an investigational new drug (IND) exemption from FDA and has published no information concerning DOM Little information on the toxicological, pharma cological, or therapeutic properties of tr substance is available. Many persons who have allegedly used STP have suffered severe psychotomimetic reactions, FDA says. Because of lack of information on the effects of the substance, FDA considers its use potentially extremely hazardous. -- Chem. Eng. News 45, 39 (Aug. 14, 1967). 811 Handling Organic Peroxides. Nineteen incidents illustrating the dangerous potential of organic peroxides are contained in a new 90-page booklet. Fire, Explosion and Health Hazards of Organic Peroxides, published by the American Insurance Association. The publication lists the properties of almost 100 organic peroxides, points out why they are intrinsically unstable and potentially hazardous. It notes that the expanded use of the volatile chemicals is linked closely to the growth of the plastics industry, where they are utilized as chain reaction initiators in the manufacture of plastics. The growth in consumption of peroxide catalysts has been phenomenal. It has increased from 3. 5 million pounds of concentrated organic peroxides in 1955 to about 15 million pounds at present. By 1969, it is expected to climb to 17.4 million pounds. The booklet offers precautionary recommendations for storage and handling of organic peroxides, including suggestions to man ufacturers for storing specially classified forms of these chemicals in isolated areas, and a table showing the minimum distance for storage from flammable liquids, combustible materials in the open and from any building or highway. The publication, which costs 75 cents a copy, may be obtained by writing the Engineering and Safety Department of the American Insurance Association, 85 John Street, New York, N.Y. 10038 -- Safety Main. 1 34. 38 (July, 1967). 812 FDA's New Laboratory/ A Senate-House conference will decide where FDA's new laboratory will be located. As approved by the House, the appropriations for the Food and Drug Administration for fiscal 1968 included $950, 000 in planning money for a new laboratory (eventual cost $14 million). However, the bill forbade construction of the new lab within a radius of 50 miles of Washington, D.C. This would have ruled out Beltsville, Md., (FDA's first choice) and favored Madison, Wis., (FDA's second choice). The Senate approved the planning money but knocked out the language restricting FDA's choice of a suitable location. -- Chem. Eng. News 45, 35 (Aug. 14, 1967). 813 Public Health Service Awards Research Grants. The Public Health Service awarded more than $83. 6 million in research grants and fellowships (including research career development awards) during June, according to Surgeon General William H. Stewart. Of the total, $20 million is allocated to support 788 new projects, while $63.6 million is to continue 1 347 previously approved research grants totaling $55.7 million and 494 fellowships amounting to $7. 9 million. Of the new projects, research grants were made to 205 institutions. -- Chem. Eng. News 45, 39 (Aug. 14, 1967). 03122610 2. HhI b -0 0 2 0 2 1 2 Industrial Hygiene Digest 814 Disposal of Unwanted Pesticides. September, l 3b7 Safe methods to dispose of unwanted pesticides and their containers may be developed at Mississippi State University under a SI 11, 864 grant from the U. S. Department of Agriculture Mississippi State scientists Dr. B. J. Stojanovic, Dr. F. L. Shuman, Jr., and Dr. M.V. Kennedy will direct the three-year project. They will study combustion temperatures and volatile products of some pesticides; chemicals as possible aids in decomposing pesticides an decontaminating used containers; and the decomposition of pesticides by microorganisms ir. soil. -- Chem. Eng. News 45, 41 (July 24, 1967) 815 Fluoride Drinkers Increase. Americans in 5445 communities in the U.S. now drink fluoridated water, according to the Public Health Service. More than 62 million consumers live in 3145 communities where water is adjusted to the proper fluoride level, and 10 million people live in 2300 communities where the water contains sufficient natural fluorides to protect teeth. -- Chem. Eng. News _45, 86 (Aug. 14, 1967). COMING EVENTS 816 Oct. 2-. 4 Automation in Analytical Chemistry, Annual Technicon Symposium, New York, N.Y. Oct. 2- 5 American Petroleum Institute, API Division of Refining, Autumn Meeting, Dallas, Texas. Oct. 2-. 6 17th Annual Instrument Symposium & Research Equipment Exhibit, Bethesda, Md. Oct. 3-. 5 American Council of Independent Laboratories, Annual Meeting, Atlanta, Ga. Oct. 4- 6 Ultrasonics Symposium, Bayshore Inn, Vancouver, B.C. Oct. 7-12 Institute of Sanitation Management, National Conference and Exposition, Washington, D.C. Oct. 8- 11 ASTM Committee E-19, The Practice of Gas Chromatography, San Francisco, Cal. Oct. 8- 13 Water Pollution Control Federation. Conference, New York, N.Y. Oct. 9- 12 Association of Official Analytical Chemists, 81st Annual Meeting, Washington, D.C. Oct. 10-.11 Industrial Hygiene Foundation, 32nd Annual Meeting, Chatham Center, Pittsburgh, Pa. Oct. 10- 12 11th Conference on Analytical Chemistry in Nuclear Technology. Gatlinburg, Tenn. Oct. 12- 13 Selenium-Tellurium Development Association. International Symposium on Physics of Selenium and Tellurium, Montreal, Quebec. Oct. 15- 20 American Occupational Therapy Assocation. Boston, Massachusetts. Oct. 18-20 Association of Life Insurance Medical Directors, Hartford, Conn. Oct. 20- 24 American Heart Association, San Francisco, California Oct. 21 Conference of State and Provincial Health Authorities of North America, Miami Beach, Florida. Oct. 23 American Association of Poison Control Centers, Washington, D.C. Oct. 23 American Society of Safety Engineers, 6th Annual Conference, Chicago, 111. Oct. 23- 24 National Academy of Sciences, Fall Meeting, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan. Oct. 23- 27 American Public Health Association, 95th Annual Meeting, Miami Beach, Florida. Oct. 25- 27 American Society for Microbiology, 7th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents & Chemotherapy, Chicago, III. Oct. 25-27 Parenteral Drug Association, Annual Convention, New York, N.Y. Oct. 26- 27 Eye-Bank Assocation of America, Chicago, III. Oct. 27-28 Burn Research Seminar (8th Annual) Birmingham, Ala. LEGAL DEVELO PMENT S 817 Criteria For Lead. The nation's first criteria for lead in the ambient air (5 micrograms/cu. m.) has been establish ed and passed by the Pennsylvania Air Pollution Control Commission, The level set is signi ficant because it will likely be used as an example for other highly populated industrial states contemplating the setting of criteria for lead. Also passed by the commission was a criteria of 1. 5 milligrams per sq. cm. per month for settleableparticulates, not to be exceeded in any three successive samples. The approved criteria for carbon monoxide was set at 25 ppm for a 24-hour average. -- Air Eng. _9i. 8 (July, 1967). . t- *> * 3. 03122611 Industrial Hygiene Digest BOOKS, PAMPHLETS AND NOTIC E S September, 1967 818 Malformations and Amputations of the Upper Extremity. Treatment and Prosthetic Replace ment. G. Jentschura, K. H. Mueller, andC.N. Lambert. AVAILABLE FROM: Grune & Stratton, Inc., 381 ParkAve., South, ^ew York, N. Y. 10016. 124 pp. (July 21, 1967). PRICE; $7. 75. A translation from the German, this book is a very definitive work, covering the subject of prosthetic replacement in great detail, with numerous illustrations. It will be of value to all those in industry responsible for directing and supporting rehabilitative efforts following amputations in adults or congenital absence of limbs in children (amelia, phocomelia, ectromelia, and peromelia) of the type which has been found to be associated with thalidomide, for example. -- RTPdeT. 819 How to Keep Fit and Enjoy It. A Step-by-Step Approach to Fitness After 30. Revised, June, 1967 ed. W. R. Guild. Special edition published in association with Corn Products Co. by Benjamin Company, Inc., 485 Madison Avenue, N.Y. 10022. 170 pp. PRICE: not given. In 1962 when this book was first published it brought together for the first time in one place a collation of certain "universally applicable and helpful ground rules" on this important subject. Dr. Paul Dudley White said (in the preface) ".. .keeping fit does pay richly in dividends of health and longevity. Many laymen have independently discovered for them selves--though not as yet adequately advised by the medical profession, absorbed as it is in the diagnosis and treatment of disease--that keeping fit has kept them not only healthier in body but also keener in mind and more vigorous and at the same time more tranquil in spirit. As a cardiologist I have concluded from my practice of more than 40 years and from current scientific investigations that keeping fit also delays in all probability the onset of crippling rusting of the arteries themselves, which we call atherosclerosis, the great epidemic of today. I can heartily recommend this book." This edition dated June 1967 con tains certain revisions of importance such as an admonition against deep knee bends ("squats"), rigorous efforts at toe-touching, and straight-leg raises (lying supine and bringing up extend ed legs repeatedly) except where part of a specific rehabilitation program. Cutting out smoking and use of polyunsaturated fats in the diet are recommended. -- Cond. from Preface ft Intro. Editor's Note: Another in this series, "Your Heart Has Nine Lives" by A. Blakeslee and J. Stamler, appeared as Abstract No. 927 in the Oct. 1966 issue of the Industrial Hygiene Digest. 820 Research on Oxygen Toxicity at the Cellular Level. W. H. Riesen, et al. AVAILABLE FROM: Chief, Storage and Dissemination Section, Clearinghouse for Federal Scientific & Technical Information,Sills Bldg., 5285 Port Royal Rd., Springfield, Virginia 22151. 76 pp. (July, 1967). PRICE: not given. The use of pure oxygen atmospheres at reduced pressure in manned spacecraft has stimulated new research interest. Exposure of humans to pure oxygen at total pressures of 5 to 7 psia for up to 30 days has generally produced only subjective and occasional symptomatic distress. Nevertheless, studies with animals have clearly documented toxicity if the exposure to pure oxygen is at higher total pressures. The selection of suitable oxygen atmospheres for manned space flight and the development of protective measures against toxic manifestations will be considerably facilitated by a clearer understanding of the toxic syndrome. Rats, dogs, and monkeys were exposed to pure (98. 5%) oxygen at 1 atm and 1/3 atm in a closed, recirculating chamber and in a non-recirculating chamber. Rats exposed at a pressure of 1 atm showed significant reduction in efficiency of liver mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Only preliminary experiments with the dogs and monkeys were conducted, therefore no conclusions can as yet be made. There is an indication that monkeys are more resistant to oxygen toxicity at 1 atm than rats. Cond. from Abstract 03122612 4. industrial Hygiene Digest Seoterr.be r. ; 2~" 821 822 823 824 I N PUSTRIAL MEDICAL PRACTI C E m T* CM Who Should Learn External Cardiac Massage0 W. R. Lee. cs CM Trans, Soc. Occ. Med. 16, 94-97 (Oct. 1966). CS s Although external cardiac massage is effective, the low success rate, except in the operating suite, indicates that more could be learned about the indications for its use. This is especijBy true when it is remembered that it should not be used to add one more indignity to the life jc (or death) of a hopelessly ill patient (J. D. Johnson, J. Am. Med. Assn. 186, 468-472 (19631). Furthermore, five years' experience has shown that, in the hands of carefully trained oersons, serious damage is relatively uncommon. These observations suggest that while this technicue should be known by first aid personnel careful attention should be paid to the teaching. Com petency in the possibly dangerous technique of external cardiac massage demands a high stand ard of first aid. It has been suggested that only selected persons who already possess a know ledge of first aid should be taught the technique, so that a longer period may be devoted to training, and the candidates should be specially examined in cardiac massage. There is a precedent for this in the training of selected first aiders in mines to give morphia. If it is considered that external cardiac massage should form a part of the basic first aid training there are strong reasons for suggesting that considerably more time should be devoted to it--even if this is at the expense of some of the traditional topics still included. -- Author's conclusions cond. Closed Chest Cardiac Massage. S. Miles. Trans. Soc. Occ. Med. 16, 15-18 {Jan., 1966). Although closed chest cardiac massage is now an established and effective procedure, there are many aspects of its use, which still remain to some extent controversial. This is particulary true in industry where some organizations seem to be more influenced by fears of claims for compensation for damage done during massage than by humanitarian demands. The receni history of the introduction of closed chest cardiac massage covers the past five years and although in 44% of cases a return of heart beat is achieved the ultimate recovery rate is about 18%. Attention to detail in carrying out the technique is of paramount importance and provid ed that this can be assured the method should be widely taught in conjunction with that of exhaled air resuscitation. Cardio-respiratory resuscitation is, however, an interim measure to postpone the onset of death. It must be followed by more strenuous emergency hospital treatment and a period of intensive care. Sudden Deafness Associated With Adenovirus Infection. New. Engl. J. Med. 276, 1406-1408 (June 22, 1967). B. F. Jaffe and H. F. Maassab. Sudden deafness occurred in a 37-year-old white female who was proved to have an acute upper respiratory infection due to adenovirus type 3. The hearing loss was severe in the left ear and mild and unnoticed in the right ear. Recovery of hearing occurred gradually over a nine-month period, but was incomplete in the left ear. This is the first patient re ported with sudden deafness caused by virus which was proved by isolation of the virus and by a diagnostic rise in antibody titer to the same isolate. -- J. Am. Med. Assn. Refernces & Reviews Sudden Deafness. B. F. Jaffe. Arch. Otolaryngol. 86, 55-60 (July, 1967). Sudden unilateral deafness is an otological emergency since recovery depends on prompt therapy. Sudden deafness can be a complication of viral infection, vascular disorders, metabolic toxicities, trauma, postoperative status, pregnancy, and a large group where no cause is recognizea. It is probable that the common pathway for the sudden deafness is a sudden vascular occlusion. Virai infections can cause vascular obstruction by three mechan isms. Arteriosclerosis, hypercoagulation, hyperviscosity, and increases in platelet number and adhesiveness can each produce sudden vascular obstruction. Treatment consists of immediate hospitalization so that therapy can be aimed at improving the blood flow in the inner ear. -- J. Am. Med. Assn. Refernces & Reviews 03122613 5. industrial Hygiene Digest >>2- Sensorineural Hearing Loss for Low Tones. T. linuma et al. Arch. Otolaryngol. 8b, 110-116 fjuly, 1967). September, 196? Investigation of 41 cases of bilateral sensorineural hearing loss for low tones suggests that this type of hearing loss might originate from various sites in the auditorv system. A com bined approach with vestibular function tests did not yield any definite parallelism as to the sites of lesions. Conflicting data obtained in the same patients suggest either that the pre sent hearing tests cannot be completely relied upon, or, that in the present cases several portions of auditory system are actually involved. The latter possibiity appears a more likely explanation. Taking into consideration insidious onset of hearing loss at younger ages, a slowly progressive course of the hearing loss, and the tendency to occur in the same family, some degenerative change in the auditory system resulting from some heredit ary disturbance is suggested as the possible causative agent. Polytomography was not performed. -- J. Am. Med. Assn. References & Reviews 826 Medical Complications of Contact Lenses and Their Aeromedicai Implications. S. Diamond. Aerospace Med. 739-741 (July, 1967). Complications and serious ocular sequelae occur in a noteworthy number of contact lens wearers. If any one of these acute medical complications had occurred in a commerical pilot, it would have meant an unexpected period of disability, a layover, with possible visual defects. He would have become a liability to himself as well as to his employer, caused unnecessary disruption of schedules, and posed a hazard to his future areer. It would seem to be an unnecessary personal risk for a transport pilot to wear ntacts, if the refractive error could be corrected simply by spectacles. Contacts may be a blessing to overcome a disability and keep an experienced pilot in the air, with adequate safeguards of multiple crew. This has been accomplished in certain selected cases. If one pilot wears a contact lens, the co-pilot should not. The insurance companies offering pilot disability insurance, also have a stake in this question. It is to their advantage to keep experienced pilots in the air, but detrimental to their interests to have disabilities which could have been avoided by a simple spectacle correction. Complications causing in-flight rejection of lenses, or effects of spatial confusion might be an additional hazard to aviation safety. Five references are given. -- Author's comment 827 Eye-Survey Study of Nuclear-Reactor Workers. G. L. Voelz. J. Occ. Med. 9, 286-292 (June, 1967). The results of a 1 3-year special slit-lamp eye examination program on nuclear reactor workers indicates that no lens changes related to occupational radiation exposure were identified. The need for such special eye examinations in radiation workers appears to be limited to a few special circumstances in which the radiation exposures are particularly difficult to measure. Medicolegal problems due to cataracts that are clinically similar to radiation type cataracts can arise in any person in radiation areas. Four illustrative cases are briefly described. It is essential to have well documented personnel and plant radiation records which will give reliable dose determinations for employees. Periodic physical examinations on all radiation workers should include an ophthalmoscopic examination of the eye with particular attention to the lens, regardless of exposure history. There are 15 references. -- Author's summary 828 Review of Human Cholesterol Metabolism. C. B. Taylor and K. J. Ho. Arch. Pathol. 84, 3-14 (July, 1967). Current knowledge of man's cholesterol metabolism indicates a quite meager capacity for maintenance of homeostasis. There is an essential absence of hepatic "feedback" mechanism for compensation for absorbed dietary cholesterol. In man there is a continuous unaltered rate of delivery of endogenously synthesized cholesterol to the plasma regardless of dietary cholesterol absorption. The ability of the human organism to increase fecal output of cholesterol and bile acids when absorbing large quantities of cholesterol is also minimal. Man's principal protection from diet-induced hypercholesteremia is his limited capacity of intestinal absorption. Possible sequestration of excess amounts of cholesterol in compart ments such as skeletal muscle skin and connective tissue may be an important homeostatic mechanism. Since only about 1 O^o of the body's cholesterol is in the plasma-erythrocytehepatic pool, it would seem that the other 9Qiro of body cholesterol derserves study. -- J. Am. Med. Assn. References & Reviews 03122614 6. Industrial Hygiene Digest 5eoterr.be r. HWBB-002B714 829 Back Injuries and Disabilities. C. J. Mock. J. Occ. Med. 9, 293-298 (June, 1967). Injuries to the bones, joints, and soft tissues of the back are discussed from the standpoints of mechanism of injury, symptoms and signs, diagnosis, treatment, prognosis, and per manent disability. The differential diagnosis, particularly of herniated disc, is considered, including differentiation of radiating from referred pain. Sundry soft-tissue conditions fre quently confused with disc protrusion are described. Conservative treatment is described in some detail, including the proper use of physical therapy and mechanical back supports, and the importance of exercise. Short and long-term results of conservative treatment are shown to compare favorably with those of surgical treatment. Emotional factors are described as frequently playing a role in cases of low back pain. Medicolegal aspects of back injuries are discussed. There are 16 references. -- Author's summary 830 The Employability of the Epileptic Sufferer. A. V. Bird. Med. Proc. (Johannesburg) 12, 238 (June 4, 1966). Of the 382 patients with epilepsy examined within a period of 3 years, the majority are suc cessfully employed. Among the patients advised to change occupation were a boiler maker, a miner, a winding-engine driver, a mine electrician, and an apprentice fitter. One may consider 50% of all epileptic persons as completely free of seizure under proper treatment and another 30% as having occasional relapses, but not sufficient to interfere with employ ment. Probably less than 10% of all patients present evidence of steady deterioration and only 20% may need sheltered occupations. A brief description of five patients encompasses the range of problems and successes encountered in the employment of epileptics. -- J. Occ. Med. Absts. 831 Tobacco Habits in Carcinoma of the Upper Respiratory Tract. C. L. Dykstra and W. I. Dunn. Arch Otolaryngol. 86, 79-81 (July, 1967). A series of 427 cases of oral and upper respiratory-tract epidermoid carcinomas have been classified as to location and type of tobacco used. The authors' opinion is that tobacco is a major etiological agent in the production of carcinoma of these areas. It is a good practice to discourage tobacco usage, especially in patients with chronic inflammatory changes, hyperplasia, or leukoplakia of the respiratory tract or oral mucosa. Some effort has been made to filter the tars and nicotine out of the smoke but the filter's effect has been thwarted by the use of cheaper and stronger tobacco so the net gain has been minimal. If any signi ficant reduction in the death rate from carcinoma of the oral and respiratory tracts is to be made, it must take the form of prevention rather than cure. -- J. Am. Med. Assn. References & Reviews 832 Morphological Constitution and Smoking. A Further Evaluation. J.M. Peters and B. C. Ferris, Jr. Arch.Environmental Health 14, 678-681 (May, 1967). A total of 1, 972 Harvard College students from the classes of 1964 and 1965 was investigated with regard to smoking habits and health. Among other variables, height and weight were examined. There were no significant differences found between smokers and nonsmokers in height and weight. There were significant differences in age and religious categories between smoking groups. Nonsmokers were younger and contained more Jews than smokers. It was also noted that Jews were significantly smaller than non-Jews. This would offer an explanation for the findings of Seltzer which have created some controversy. There are 13 references. -- Authors' summary 833 The Gas Phase Toxicity of Cigarette Smoke for Paramecium. W. Weiss and Winifred A. Weiss. Arch. Environmental Health _1_4, 682-686 (May, 1967). The cells of Paramecium aurelia died when exposed in a hanging drop to cigarette smoke gas phase in a Rose perfusion chamber. Survival time is inversely related to gas concentration. The relationship is linear on semilogarithmic coordinates between 100% and 10%. At lower concentrations survival time becomes progressively longer and more variable within a 90minute period of observation. Concentrations of 1.25% do not usually cause death of the pro tozoa but produce a significant diminution in motility as recorded by a photographic technique. 03122615 Industrial Hygiene Digest September, 1367 Thus, a simple method is available for the semiquantitative bioassay of ciearette smoke lias-phase toxins, and it may be useful for the study of the toxicity of expired air ir. smokers during and after smoking. There are 10 references. -- Authors summary 83-1 Sm'oking Patterns and Specialty Training of Oregon Physicians. M. Weitman and S.S. Meiehan. Cancer 20, 974-982 (June, 1967). The effects of the current anti-smoking campaign on the smoking habits of physicians were studied specifically as related to: (1) probable level of familiarity with pathology imputed to smoking as estimated from type of specialty practice, and (2) probable amount of exposure to the campaign as estimated by rural-urban site of practice. A pre-coded Questionnaire was mailed to all members of the Oregon Medical Association residing in Oregon in May 1964; 1,790 (90%) usable, completed questionnaires were obtained. The type of medical specialty practice was found to be related to present smoking habit, mention of smoking as a cause of cancer, the number of illnesses attributed to smoking, and the frequency and recency of cessation of smoking; the type of medical practice is not related to the degree of hazard ascribed to smoking or to the stated reason for stopping smoking. The geographical location of an Oregon physician's medical practice is not related to these variables. These and other reported findings suggest that anti-smoking campaigns, by themselves, may pro duce marked changes in the smoking habits of some individuals but these represent only a rather small minority of the population. To attain more widespread reduction in smoking it will be necessary to employ a broad and diversified array of approaches. -- J. Am. Med. Assn. References & Reviews 8 35 Risk of Staphylococcic Infection Among Human Beings and Animals in a Veterinary Hospital Environment. S. L. Silberg, D. C. Blenden, and A. Novick. Am. J. Vet. Research 28, 267-273 (Jan. 1967). There is no significant difference between staphylococcic infection rates in faculty, staff members, and veterinary students exposed to the veterinary hospital and clinic and the rates of those not exposed. Although outpatient and hospitalized animals occasionally harbored the same phage types that were in the human population, there was little evidence to indicate these types were directly transmitted from animals to man. There are 10 references. -- Public Health Eng. Absts. 8 36 Exposure of Man to Rabies. S. L. Hendricks. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assn. 149, 1648-1650 (Dec. 15, 1966). Closer interprofessional liaison between physicians and veterinarians in a community is suggested as a method o; precluding communication breakdowns in instances of definite exposure of man to rabies. Six references are given. -- Summary cond., Public Health Eng. Absts. 837 Major Zoonoses of Primates. S. F. Mattingly. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assn. 149, 1677-1680 (Dec. 15, 1966). Primates harbor many diseases that are debilitating or lethal to man, making working condi tions hazardous for research workers. A management system must be employed to reduce exposure to pathogens by means of a sound personnel health program. There are 10 ref erences. -- Public Health Eng. Absts. 838 Development of Rabies Inhibiting Substance in Skunks Infected With Rabies Virus. R.L. Parker and R. K. Sikes. Public Health Repts. 8_1_, 941-944 (Oct. 1966). Rabies inhibiting substance (R1S), shown to develop late in the clinical course of rabies infection, may produce in vivo neutralization rabies virus to various degrees. RIS in tissues may interfere with the diagnosis of rabies by mouse inoculation, but does not appear to affect the diagnosis of rabies by the fluorescent antibody technique. In skunks and foxes, fluorescent antibody andmouse innoculation tests of rabies may be in disagreement. If either of these tests is positive, a diagnosis of rabies is valid. There are 12 references. -- Authors' abst., Public Health Eng. Absts. 03122616 8. !,\VjJ O A A , " MWBB-0020215 Industrial Hygiene Digest aeoterr.ser 83Q Primary Coccidioidomycosis, P. L. Roberts. Military Med. 1 32, 625-633 fAug., 1967). Coccidioidomycosis is a disease of relatively low mortality, but it is of considerable mili tary importance because of high morbidity in endemic areas and the fortuitous geographic disposition of military bases in these areas. Indeed, it is in the military population that the disease has been most extensively studied. Coccidioidomycosis was first reported by Posadas and Wernicke in an Argentine soldier who developed tumors of the skin in 1887 and died with a chronic febrile, miliary disease in 1898. The sporangium of Coccidioides immitis was described at that time; it was thought to be a protozoan similar to Coccidia of fowl. Similar cases of fatal coccidioidal granuloma were reported subsequently from Cali fornia and Texas. It was not until 1936 that Dickson and Gifford associated this malady with the benign San Joaquin Valley fever which was well recognized throughout the southern Central Valley of California. Valley fever consisted of acute respiratory infections associated with erythema nodosum and variable joint manifestations. Following recognition that fatal coccidioidal granuloma was an unusual progressive form of this entity, the natural history of primary coccidioidomycosis was delineated. Coccidioidal disease has been very carefully studied and a large body of ecological, epidemiological and clinical data has accumulated. Amphotericin B remains the only effective antimicrobial agent for C. immitis, however, toxicity precludes its use in uncomplicated primary infections and makes its use in complicat ed infections less than optimal. Dust control measures which can reduce morbidity among transient military populations could not affect morbidity among life-long residents. Consider able effort is being directed toward the development of an effective vaccine which would afford more ideal protection. With rapid troop movements and increased travel through endemic areas, coccidioidomycosis has been detected with increasing frequency in places far removed from endemic areas. There are 58 references. 840 Surgeon's Glove Powder (Starch) Middle Ear Granuloma. E. H. Rock. Arch. Otolaryngol. 86, 8-17 (July, 1967). Surgeons have used different glove powders. Complications of starch in the abdomen is a known entity. Two cases of extensive granulomas involving the middle ear and mastoid followed routine stapedectomies. Studies showed that starch in the form of glove powder was the causal agent acting as a foreign body in granuloma formation. There is complete des truction throughout the middle ear and mastoid with direct invasion of the inner ear. Even tually, radical surgery was necessary to eliminate the granulomas. Excess powder on the hands and gloves is condemned. If powder is used, all operating room personnel should wash it from their gloves. However, powder-free gloves and hands is the sine qua non for the prevention of starch middle ear granulomas. The complete elimination of the use of the powder either on the hands or the glove by all operating personnel is stressed. -- J. Am. Med. Assn. References ii Reviews 841 The Bacterial Flora of the Skin and its Relation to Post-Operative Wound Infection. T. Black. Trans. Soc. Occ. Med. _l_o, 18-23 (Jan., 1966). An outline has been given of the bacterial flora of the skin and an attempt has been made to assess its relationship to post-operative wound infection. The patient's skin, nose and hair harbour germs capable of giving rise to such infections. By the use of bacteriophages it was shown that certain strains of Staphylococcus aureus causing post-operative wound infection were carried by the patient in one or other of these sites before operation; other pathogenic bacteria similarly carried were found in post-operative wound infections but a direct causal relationship could not be shown by the methods available. -- Author's summary 842 Body Temperature Monitoring in the External Auditory Meatus. L. V. Gibbons. Aerospace Med. _3, 671-675 (July, 1967). The data substantiated a positive correlation between sublingual and aural temperatures. The method and ear temperature monitoring device described in this report can be employed to predict oral temperature within 0. 60 F at the 95 per cent confidence level. The differences in what might be termed critical response time, i.e., time differences in reflecting tempera ture rise and time to reach maximum temperature, were never greater than two minutes. When all of the data were considered, ear temperatv.res averaged almost 1.0 F below oral temperature but some data here as well as in the literature suggests that the temperature 9. 03122617 Industrial Hygiene Digest September, 196*? difference was a function of the positioning of the thermistor on the wall of the meatus. Differences between subjects in ear thermistor placement relative to the tympanic membrane may have been a major contributing factor in the ^ 0. 60 F error associated with oral temp erature prediction. When properly inserted, the ear plug was well tolerated by all subjects: however, care must be taken to insure that no pressure points exist. In any situation reauiring rapid movement and continuous monitoring, the device should be advantageous. Tread mill studies, investigations of the physiology of exercise, field evaluation of protective cloth ing and equipment, etc.,are notable examples. Widespread use might also be found in certain long term animal studies, where rectal probes are not feasible. 843 Autopsy Incidence of Diseases Among Southwestern American Indians. Arch. Pathol. 8jl, 81-86 {July, 1967). D. D. Reichenbach. An autopsy study of 328 American Indians from southwestern tribes, representing about one fifth of all southwestern Indian deaths over a five-year period, showed that the incidence of malignant disease among this group is not decreased. The gallbladder and biliary tree were the most frequent primary site of malignancy, and its incidence was more than six times that for the general population. Carcinoma of the stomach, colon, and lung fell below the incidence expected for the general population. The prominence of diabetes mellitus, congenital malfor mation, active tuberculosis, and portal cirrhosis in southwestern Indians suggests that there are genetic, socio-economic, and environmental factors in this population which differ from those of the general population. -- J. Am. Med. Assn. Refernces & Reviews 844 SKIN DISEASES AND BURNS Levitation in Treatment of Large Area Burns. J. T. Scales, et al. Lancets 1 235-1240 (June 1 0, 1967). In the treatment of large areas burns, patients can be supported on an air cushion bed which uses pressures less than those obtained by normal support on buttocks and shoulders. The bed consists of a series of air pockets which deform to the shape of the'patient and maintain an air seal. Volunteers found the bed comfortable, and no physiological changes were noted. In two cases of large area burns the wounds dried rapidly. Sterile air environment was provided to reduce the risk of bacterial infection. -- J. Am. Med. Assn. References & Reviews 845 846 CHEMICAL HAZARDS Toxic Hazards in the Manufacture and Use of Surface Coatings. Paint Technol. 30, 26-34 (Nov., 1966). J. Steel. The recognition of the hazards inherent in the handling of more than 2, 000 raw materials is a prerequisite for any program to promote healthy working conditions among the 50, 000 workers involved in the manufacture of paints, varnishes, lacquers, and printing inks. The maximum allowable concentrations assigned by the British Ministry of Labor are given for a large number of materials used in the manufacture of paint. Although there has been a steady decline in the incidence of lead poisoning over the last few decades, 1/6 of the 407 cases in the 1960-64 period were caused by the manufacture and industrial use of lead paints, enamels, and pigments. The problems of the newer hazards such as toluylene diisocyanate which because of its potential for sensitizing action has required an extremely low maximum allowable concentration of 0.02 ppm are discussed. The hazards from the degradation of surface coatings during burning or cutting operations are discussed. The application of research to the development of safer paints is advocated. Any toxic hazard involved in the manufacture or use of surface coatings can be controlled. -- APCA Absts. Accidental Child Poisonings. S. E. Gould J. Am. Soc. Safety Eng. 12, 5 (Aug., 1967). A national " Tern, which has been becoming increasingly acute, is accidental poisonings. The latest s..:istics' show that 1, 000, 000 persons are exposed to this hazard annually. Of this figure, 600, 000 are children and 400, 000 are children under five years of age. Efforts 03122618 i:-^=V Industrial Hygiene Digest 5eoterr.be r. to combat this problem have been sporadic and generally ineffective. They consist mair.iy ^ of a once-per-year "Poison Prevention Week" and small local programs of poison prevention^ committees, usually timed to coincide with the national effort. The basic problems are lack of thorough communications and lack of adequate safe packaging methods. The entire field child safety has not received the attention it deserves. S t oa 847 Behavioral Measure of Effect of Carbon Monoxide on Hats. K. D. Goldberg and M. N. Chapttfll. Arch. Environmental Health 14, 671.677 (May, 1967). * Carbon monoxide was selected as the contaminant to be studied first by behavioral methods. Originally, interest in carbon monoxide was associated chiefly with mining. Current interest is associated chiefly with its production through combusion --in space heating, automotive engines, industrial and power plants, in disposal of combustible refuse and in smoking. The direction of the authors' search for a potentially sensitive measure of effects of carbon monoxide on behavior was influenced by reports of successful application of modern conditioning tech niques in measuring effects of certain industrial air pollutants on the behavior of animals, but no systematic program for behavioral study of any air pollutant seems ever to have been under taken. This paper presents some results of early explorations of methods and apparatus which might be employed in such a systematic program. Carbon monoxide might effect be havior at any or all of four levels, development of biological functions and activities, un learned general activity level (over-all drug-like effect), simple learned performance, and acquisition of complex learned behavior, such as reversal of a previously learned discrimina tion. To simplify the experimental problem, nonverbal organisms--initially white rats -- were selected as subjects. There are 10 references. 848 Significance of Carbon Monoxide as an Air Pollutant. P. M. Giever. J. Occ. Med. 9, 265-270 (June, 1967). Carbon monoxide is one of our most common asphyxiant gases; its acutely toxic characteristics are well known and of great concern. Toxicity of exposures below the level of subjective symptoms has yet to be more thoroughly explored, although some research data have indicated that such toxic exposure does exist. The significance of this chronic effect is not clearly indicated at this time, and even though changes in physiological reactions have been shown to occur, it has not been established that such changes are injurious in any way. Adequate methods for the evaluation of carbon monoxide in the laboratory, both for the gas and for blood carboxyhemoglobin, are available, although as is true for many procedures, experience and careful manipulation in both sampling and analysis are necessary to yield reproducible re sults within the required accuracy. Instruments for continuous sampling and analysis employing a nondispersive infared method have proven to be satisfactory for Laboratory and field studies, and grab-sampling devices of somewhat lesser accuracy are adaptable to industrial health applications. Surveillance and education must be continued to curtail the frequency of excessive exposure in the home and accidental injury in industry resulting from ignorance or improper control measures. Continued research into the significance of detectable changes in reaction at low concentrations is imperative to retain the proper perspective in regard to the relationship of concentration to damage or impairment of bodily functions. There are 21 references. -- Author's summary 849 Control of Gaseous Fluoride Emissions. A. J. Teller. Chem. Eng. Progr. 63, 75-79 (March, 1967). Fluoride effluents from industrial operations vary in both composition and concentration of the process involved. The design and selection of equipment for recovery of a specific chem ical constitutent may vary as a function of the process source. The primary problems in the design of recovery systems are multiple contaminants within a single effluent stream, low concentration of inlet gas and requirement for effluent, limitation in choice of scrubbing medium, solids formation resulting from absorption of contaminants, multiple product use requirement for recovery vessels, and low pressure drop requirements for the system. -- APCA Absts. 03122619 11. Industrial Hygiene Digest 5epterr.be r, 196* 8 50 Data to Substantiate the Hygienic Standard Content of Tellurium in Water Bodies. V. G. L-nchenko. Gigiena i Sanit. 32, No. 1, 15-18 (1967). Russian. Because oral doses of from 0. 005 to i. 0 mg. of sodium tellurite pe r kg caused functional and morphological shifts in the body of experimental animals, the author recommends that the maximum permissible concentration of tellurium in water bodies be 0. 01 mg. /liter. There are 8 references. -- English abst. cond.. Public Health Eng. Absts. 851 Effect of Nitrogen Dioxide on Resistance to Respiratory Infection. R. Ehrlich. Bacteriol. Rev. 30, 604-614 (Sept., 1966). The effects of acute and chronic exposures to nitrogen dioxide (NO,), one of the most abundant atmospheric contaminants in many communities, on the resistance to infection produced by respiratory challenge with airborne Klebsiella pneumonia is discussed. The reduction in the resistance to infection by a synergistic effect provides a sensitive indicator of the biological effect of NO*. A single two-hour exposure of inbred mice to 3. 5 ppm of NO, before or after respiratory challenge with aerosol of K. pneumonia significantly increases the mortality. The same effect produced in squirrel monkeys and hamsters required 35 ppm for two hours. The effect of a single two-hour exposure was not persistent and a return to normal resistance to infection occurred in . hours after the NO^ exposure. Exploratory studies of the mechanism of the increased susceptibility to infection suggests that the N02 permits better colonization in the lungs of mice and hamsters. Extrapolation of this work to man or to the resistance to other species of pathogenic organisms can be only speculative. -- APCA Absts. 852 Enzyme Alterations Following Nitrogen Dioxide Exposure. R. D. Buckley and O. J. Balchum. Arch. Environmental Health _1_4, 687-692 (May. 1967). Oxygen consumption (QO) and aldolase and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) determinations were performed on guinea pig lung, liver, kidney, and spleen tissue homogenates following continuous exposure to 10 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO2) for varying periods of time. Inhalation of NO2 resulted in increased QO^ values not only in thelung but also in kidney tissue for each exposure period. The QO^ in the liver and spleen homogenates were significantly elevated following 32 days' exposure but did not show a consistent increase after other exposure pe riods. Aldolase activity was significantly elevated in lung following 12 days' exposure and in lung and liver following 32 days' exposure to NC>2- Significant decreases in aldolase activity were noted in lung, kidney, and spleen after 26 days' exposure. The LDH values were increased in lung, liver, and kidney as a result of inhalation of NO2. The possibility of the presence of circulating substances resulting from the interaction of NOj and lung or blood tissue or from a general physiological "stress" reaction or both were suggested as possible explanations for enzyme and QO2 alterations observed in kidney, liver, and spleen. The possible effects of respiratory infection (L-form of Pseudomonas aeruginosa) on the metabo lism of lung tissue was also discussed. There are 22 references. -- Authors' summary 85 3 854 Pulmonary Mechanics Associated With Oxygen Toxictv and a Suggested Physiological Test for Susceptibility to the Effects of Oxygen. E.3. Burger, Jr., Aerospace Med. 38, 507-513 (May, 1 967) Five healthy male subjects were exposed to pure oxygen at 0. 39, 0. 5, 1.0, and 2. 0 atmospheres absolute for a three-hour period each. The subjects were admonished not to take deep breaths during the period of exposure. Transpulmonary pressures were measured at known absolute lung volumes following exposure and were compared with air control curves. The results of these measurements and of their relationship to symptoms indicated that absorption atelectasis had occurred in 14 of 24 trials. Further evidence for this phenomenon was obtained by comparing the results of these experiments with others in which atelectasis had purposely been provoked. These results were contrasted with apparent direct toxicity of oxygen during an additional, prolonged exposure to oxygen at 2. 0 atmospheres. -- J. Am. Med. Assn. References & Reviews Hematologic Effects of Increased Oxveer. Tensions, Aerospace Med. _38, 676-685 (July, 1967). H. P. Kaplan. Exposure of humans and experimental animals to increased oxygen tensions has yielded con flicting data. Resultant depressions in hemoglobin, hematocrit and red blood cells, without 03122620 'm Industrial Hygiene Digest September. compensatory reticulocytosis, have been reported but have not been consistent findings. Recef^ human exposures to simulated space-craft atmospheres (100 per cent oxygen at 258 mm. Hg) ^ have failed to show any evidence of oxidative hemolysis except in one controversial study. O However, Gemini astronauts exposed to this atmosphere for 4 to 14 days have developed ^ transient and reversible depletions of circulating red cell mass, the etiology of which is un- 9 clear. It has been shown that exposure to hyperbaric concentrations of oxygen (1 500-3000 * mm. Hg) causes hemolysis in trocopherol deficient animals, probably by peroxidation of un- saturated lipid in the red cell membrane. In addition, the blood of normal animats, similarly* exposed, subsequently demonstrates decreased resistance to in vitro hemolytic stress. Blood^ from animals exposed to isobaric concentrations of oxygen (760 mm.Hg) contains significantly increased numbers of morphologically and physiologically "older' red cells, also more sus ceptible to iysis. Whether these effects can be extrapolated to the smaller increase in oxygen tensions present in space-craft atmospheres is unclear. There are a number of components within the red cell that could be significantly and, perhaps, detrimentally altered by slight changes in oxygen tension. These include the lipid of the ceil membrane, the hemoglobin, oxygen sensitive enzyme systems in the glycolytic pathway, intracellular pyridine nucleotides, intracellular energy-rich phosphate bonds, and naturally occurring antioxidant defenses. 855 856 857 858 Cadmium Hypertension. Its Reversal in Rats by a Zinc Chelate. H. A. Schroeder and J. Buckman. Arch. Environmental Health 14, 693-697 (May, 1967). Rats were made hypertensive by feeding cadmium acetate in drinking water (5 micrograms / ml. ) for 400 days or by injecting cadmium acetate intraperitoneally in doses of 1. 5, 2 and 3 mg/kg of body weight. They were then treated with disodium zinc CDTA by injection of 9. 1 mg zinc in the chelate. Hypertension regressed in all animals to normal levels without toxicity appearing. Transient escape from this regression occurred in one animal injected with cadmium. Of eight rats fed cadmium continuously, four remained normotensive for two months and four for five months after the chelate was given. Ratios of renal cadmium to zinc were significantly elevated in hypertensive animals and were reduced after injection of the chelate. A relation ship appeared between these ratios and the levels of blood pressure. Six references are given. -- Authors' summary United States Beryllium Case Registry (1952-1966). Review of its Methods and Utility. Harriet L. Hardy, Emily W. Rabe, and S. Lorch. J. Occ. Med. % 271-276 (June, 1967). The use of beryllium and its compounds is increasing; the hazard of certain levels of exposure to respirable beryllium compounds is definitely established. There is good evidence that the risk can be controlled by conventional industrial hygiene methods. Retrospective and on going studies of a central file of workers ill with a newly recognized job-related disease, as exemplified by the United States Beryllium Case Registry, in spite of its deficiencies, has given and is giving, with computer help, useful knowledge of the disease, its medical manage ment, and its control. Three references are given. -- Authors' conclusion A Rare Case of Chronic Lead Poisoning: Polyneuropathy Traced to Lead Shot in the Appendix. F.E. Hillman. Ind. Med. &. Surg. 36, 488-492 (July, 1967). Muscular paralysis, wasting, and especially a clawhand, were first attributed to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or polyneuritis of unknown origin. Later, a roentgen study demonstrated lead shot in the appendix. Finding of fragmented pellets at appendectomy indicated lead absorption as the cause of the neuromuscular symptoms. No previous case of this kind seems to have been reported. There are 39 references. -- Author's summary Human Responses to Controlled Vanadium Pentoxide Exposure. C. Zenz and B. A. Berg. Arch. Environmental Health M, 709-712 (May, 1967). Nine volunteers were studied in an environmental chamber. They were exposed to measured concentrations of respirable vanadium pentoxide dust for eight-hour periods. Studies made before and after exposure included physical examination, pulmonary function tests and special laboratory tests. Quantitative vanadium determinations were made on blood, urine, and feces samples to correlate clinical findings with absorption and excretion. On the basis of the findings in this study of severe respiratory irritation at levels below the current threshold limit values, it is recommended that the present threshold limit value for vanadium pentoxide dust be lowered. Exposure to vanadium pentoxide dust produces a clinical syndrome character ized by irritation of the eyes, nose,and throat, followed by rales throughout the lungs and acute 13. 03122621 Industrial Hygiene Digest September, 1967 350 86^ 861 bronchospasm similar to bronchial asthma. A striking feature of acute intoxication is in creased severity of symptoms after, second, third, or subsequent exposure, so dramatic as to suggest a sensitivity-type reaction rather than an effect of accumulative dosage.' Such reactions were encountered by the authors in a large pilot plant operation engaged in pelletiz ing pure vanadium pentoxide. There were 18 workers who became acutely ill. These workers recovered spontaneously following removal from exposure. The authors' studies and observa tions revealed neither evidence of pulmonary damage nor sequelae. Several other major industrial exposures to vanadium pentoxide have occurred in the recent past, and risks of toxic exposure are increasing with the trend toward increased use of vanadium compounds in industry. There are 12 references. Cohort Study of Workers Exposed to Betanaphthvlamine and Benzidine. A. A. El-Attar. J. Gcc. Med. 9, 277-285 {June, 1967). T. F. Mancuso and A cohort study of 639 males employed in 1938 or 1939 in a company manufacturing beta- naphthylamine (BNA) and benzidine (B), ana followed to 1965, was established through the use of Social Security resources and company records, and the mortality pattern determined. The following observations were made: Cancer of the pancreas (6 cases) constituted 32% of the malignant neoplasms of the digestive system. The mortality rate due to cancer of the pan- c reas for white men, ages 25-64, was 39 /1 00, 000 for the cohort, as compared with 7.5/1 00, 000 for white Ohio men of the same age. Three cancers of the pancreas occurred in the ''Exposed1' group, and none was expected, in the age group 45-64 of the white men in the cohort. This observation might well be further explored. There was an under-reporting of bladder malig nancy on the death certificates. The findings constitute a conservative estimate of the num ber of cases and the severity of the attack rate for the population studied. Malignancy of the bladder and kidney constituted 35% of all malignant neoplasms. The observed mortality rate for cancer of the bladder was 78/100, 000 for white men, ages 25-64, in the cohort, as com pared with 4. 4/100, 000 for white Ohio men of those ages. All cancers of the bladder for the white males in the cohort (14) occurred in the "Exposed" group and none occurred in the "Non- exposed" group. The average annual mortality rates for cancer of the bladder for the "Exposed" group were 3 35 and 971 /1 00, 000 for age groups 45-64 and 65 and over, respectively. In a study of comparative carcinogenicity, the observed attack rate for those exposed to B was 237; for BNA, 952; and for both, 1 590 per 1 00, 000. The re were 42 cancers of the bladder and kidney in the combined cohort and retrospective data. Of the 42 bladder and kid ney cases, 8 were attributed to BN'A, 16 to B, and 18 to combined exposure. However, these observations have certain limitations. A broader epidemiological approach in the U. S. is needed. Such an approach would utilize the combined data from a number of sources pertain ing to mortality, clinical, hospital, company employment, and exposure information, so that the long-term biological effects of exposure to BNA and B could be more completely appraised and evaluated. There are 32 references. -- Cond. from authors' summary Effects of Hydrazine on Heat Balance and Source of Metabolic Energy. Aerospace Med. 3, 699-702 (July, 1967). H. L Bitter, et ai. Evidence suggests that hydrazine mobilizes free fatty acids (FFA), produces a fatty liver, and impairs the ability of animals to catabolize protein. Nicotinic acid inhibits the mobility of FFA and protects against fatty liver without altering blood glucose. In the present study, the effects of hydrazine alone, and with nicotinic acid, on oxygen consumption (VQ2), respira tory quotient (RQ), carbohydrate pool, and heat losses have been investigated in two-day fasted rats though the use of a gradient calorimeter. Nicotinic acid raised RQ without alter ing carbohydrate pool size, indicating stimulation of protein catabolism. Hydrazine, when given to nicotinic acid pretreated animals, lowered RQ below that of nicotinic acid controls, slowed reduced carbohydrate pool size, decreased body temperature, and increased evaporative heat losses at the expense of radiative heat losses. It appears that plasma FFA elevation in hydrazine toxicity should not be interfered with in the treatment of hydrazine poisoning. There are 11 references. -- Authors' abst. Effect of Hydrazine on Carbohydrate Metabolism in Vivo and ir. Vitro. S. R. Fortney. Aerospace Med. 38, 727-731 (July, 1967). The action of hydrazine has been studied in anesthetized dogs and in rat liver mitochondria. In vivo, hydrazine injection resulted in hype rlactatemia with hypoglycemia. To explain these 03122622 14. "^'5 Industrial Hygiene Digest Seoteraoe r, I9" findings, the possibility that hydrazine inhibited oxygen consumption with mitochondrial sub strates was entertained. Significant inhibition only occurred with keto acids as substrates and only with very high levels of hydrazine. Evidence is presented that keto acid hydrazone formation was responsible for this inhibition in consumption. Phosphorylation was not affected. Mitochondrial COT was found to be strongly and non-competitively inhibited with hydrazine. The inhibition of GOT is discussed with reference to hydrazine induced hyoer- lactatemia and hypoglycemia. There are 18 references. -- Author's abst. 862 Insecticidal Compounds. Effects on Replication of Vaccinia and Polio Viruses in Human Chang-Strain Liver Cells. J. Cabliks. Arch. Environmental Health M_, 698-702 (May, l<*67i. Insecticidal compounds DDT, chlordane, dicofol, trichlorophon, malathion, and dinocap at subtoxic concentrations inhibited vaccinia virus replication in human Chang-strain liver cells. Under the same experimental conditions, the replication of polio virus was inhibited only by chlordane and malathion, whereas dicofol and dinocap increased the virus yields 4 and 18 times, respectively, and DDT exhibited a light stimulatory effect. Since the reduction in virus yields was not due to extracellular inactivation of virus, the results suggest that some insecticides exert an antiviral activity by altering some physiological activities of cells. Consequently, the magnitude of virus replication may be useful as a parameter for the detec tion of toxicity in insecticides and other chemicals below their acute toxicity levels. There are 14 references. -- Author's summary 863 Determination of Dieldrin (HEOD) in Blood, A. Richardson, et al. Arch. Environmental Health 14, 703-708 (May, 1967). Two methods for the determination of HEOD in blood have been assessed. The procedure using acetone as an extraction solvent gives reproducible results and is rapid. The precision of the extraction procedure, as reassured by the coefficient of variation, is of the order of 6%. The accuracy, assessed by comparison with the destructive hydrolysis technique, does not appear to differ significantly from 100%. Evidence has been obtained that the concentration of HEOD in the blood of the same person can vary in a random manner from time to time, and the coefficient of variation for samples of blood collected at different times from the same person is about 25%. The acetone extraction procedure is nondestructive and should therefore by applicable to the determination of the organochlorine insecticides (particularly those which are unstable to alkalies and their metabolites). There are 9 references. -- Authors' summary 864 INDUSTRIAL DUSTS Pulmonary Disease in a Chicken-PLucker. W. C. Lowe Military Med. 132, 62L-624 (Aug., 1967). A man who had been a chicken-plucker for over 40 years suffered from repeated attacks of respiratory infection while working with chickens. Respiratory distress improved following retirement, but chest x-ray after 10 years of separation from chickens showed emphysema, interstitial fibrosis numerous round densities. Lung biopsy showed emphysema, mild fibrosis, proliferation of macrophages and lymphocytes. Intradermal testing showed a de layed reaction to feather, chicken, chicken's serum and droppings. A causal relationship with the occupational history is suggested. There are 11 references. -- Author's summary 865 Mortality Among Talc Miners and Millers in New York State. M. Kleinfeld, et al. Arch. Environmental Health 1_4, 663-667 (May, 1 967). Mortality data on 91 talc miners and millers in New Yi.'k state who had 15 or more years of exposure to talc dust by 1 940 or had achieved 1 5 years between 1 940 and 1 965 were reviewed. The average age at death was 60.4 years with a range of 38 to 84 years. Proportional mor tality from carcinoma of the lung and pleura among talc workers was four times that of the control population. However, the significant increase in incidence appeared in the 60 to 79 year age group rather than in the 40 to 59 year group. This was at variance with our find ings in asbestos workers who had a similar duration of exposure covering a similar period where the increase in observed incidence was present in both age categories. The earlier 03122623 1 5. MHB8-002O218 Industrial Hygiene Digest Septembe r, 1 96? occurrence in the asbestos workers was attributed to the greater carcinogenicity and possib ly to exposure to asbestos dust of greater concentration as compared to commercial talc. Carcinoma of the gastrointestinal tract and peritoneum showed no significant difference in the talc and control populations. However, in the asbestos workers gastrointestinal and peritoneal malignancies were elevated significantly. Death due to pneumoconiosis or its complications, or both, was recorded in 28 individuals, 19 of whom died from cor pulmonale. The cause of death in the remaining nine was tuberculosis (5) or bronchopneumonia (4). The iapsed time from first talc exposure to death from pneumoconiosis or complications, or both, averaged 25.9 years, with a range from 1 5 to 59 years. Excluding cor pulmonale, there were 25 cardiac deaths, 19 of which were due to coronary artery disease, three to hypertensive heart disease, and three to rheumatic heart disease. Of the 91 death cases, data on environmental exposure were available in 80. The mean duration of exposure for this group was 24.7 years with a range of 15 to 4" years. Previous studies have indicated that cor pulmonale was a major cause of death among talc miners and millers. This was also found in the present study. However, what has not been previously brought out is the in crease in observed incidence of carcinoma of the lung among these workers as demonstrated in this study. There are 9 references. -- Authors' summary 866 Health Hazards of Asbestos. Recent Studies on its Biological Effects. Wyers Memorial Lecture, 1965. J.C. Gilson. Trans. Soc. Occ. Med, 16, 62-74 (July, 1966). The author discusses the subject under the following headings: Types of fiber and production recent animal experimental work with asbestos; inhalation of fibers; experimental asbestosis; experimental carcinogenesis; health hazards of asbestos; asbestosis-present position in the U.K.; asbestos exposure and cancer; bronchial tumors; diffuse mesothelial tumors; and outstanding problems. 867 Danger of Asbestos for General Population. J. Cuthbert. Munch, med. Woc'nschr. 109, 1 369* 1 572 (June 25, 1967). Formation of asbestos bodies and the development of interstitial pulmonary fibrosis are possible sequelae of the inhalation of asbestos. The increase in pulmonary carcinoma can be traced back to extensive contact with asbestos and to asbestosis. Heavy air pollution with asbestos dust leads to the classical form of asbestosis. A decrease in asbestos dust possibly provides the time necessary for the development of the carcinogenic effect of asbestos. Cases are presented in which endotheliomas have formed many years after a short contact with asbestos. Increased import and use of asbestos increase the danger connected with it. Car penters who manufacture asbestos plates or persons who live in the neighborhood of asbestos factories, are especially exposed. -- J. Am. Med. Assn. References & Reviews 868 Looking at Foundry Air Pollution Problems. M. Sterling. Foundry 9J, 1 36-1 38 (March, 1967). The need to control emissions associated with sand handling and preparation, shakeout, grind ing, chipping, cleaning, control of cupola emission, and similar activities are discussed. Degrees of code severity associated with estimated cupola and collector performance require ment and levels currently specified in several major urban areas are shown in tables. The approach to control dust and fumes was to install a water spray system utilizing a wetted cone baffle or similar configuration. Venturi scrubbers and other devices have been installed. Control codes, systems, future cupola control, and specific needs are discussed. -- APCA Absts. 869 Measurement of the Projected Area of Dust Samples. G. B. Rodgers. J. Sci. Instr. 44, 2i7-2i8 (March, 1967). A diffraction instrument for determining the size distribution and respirable surface area of dust samples is described. The dust sample is collected on a glass slide which is aluminized so that each dust particle is imaged as an aperture of the projected area in the aluminum film. Stability and a logarithmic scale are obtained by placing the photovoltaic detector in the feedback loop of an operational amplifier using a logarithmic diode as the feedback element. Absolute calibration is done by using a number of artifical samples consisting of one or more circular apertures of 50 millimicron diameter punched in aluminum foil. -- APCA Absts. 03122624 16. /-- ',t_1 - Industrial Hygiene Digest September. . - - ~ 870 871 872 Electrostatic Aerosol Sampler for Light and Electron Microscopy. Rev. Sci. Instr. 38, 100-102 (Jan., 1967). B. Y. H. Liu, et al A two-stage electrostatic aerosol sampler, capable of obtaining a uniform deposit of aerosol on any flat collecting surface, is particularly suitable for use with electron microscope grid microscope slid.es, and cover slips. Aerosol particles can be collected on diverse types of surfaces by the use of separate charging and precipitating electric fields; the uniform de position of aerosol over the collecting surface is achieved through the use of a novel pulsed precipitating electric field. Five references are given. -- Public Health Eng. Absts, Endurance of Fiberglass Filter Fabrics. P.W. Spaite and R. E. Harrington. J. Air Poll. Control Assoc. 17, 310-313 (May, 1967). A study was made to determine the effect of production process variables on fiberglass filter life in an accelerated endurance test at high temperatures. Tests were conducted in a unit designed to provide conditions simulating those encountered in field use. Test variables in vestigated included filtering temperature, fabric finish, bag tension, and aging at elevated temperatures. The paper discusses the relative effect of these variables with respect to the endurance of four standard, commercially available, filtration fabrics. Two references are given. -- Authors' abst. Progress in High-Temperature Electrostatic Precipitation. C.C. Shale J. Air Poll Control Assoc. _1_7 159-1 60 (March, 1967). Current-voltage relationships for negative corona are given for a pilot-scale electrostatic pre cipitator with 3-inch electrode spacing at 80*-1500*F. and 35-80 psig. Direct comparison is made with the electrical characteristics for a 1-inch spacing at 1200F. over the same pressure" range. Experimental results on both spacing agree well with electrostatic theory. Initial dust removal efficiences for the pilot-scale precipitator ranged from 90 to 98% at 1460F. and 80 psig, but continuous operation was not achieved owing to excessive thermal expansion of the internal parts of the unit. -- Author's abst. 873 874 PHY SIC AL ASPECTS OF THE ENVIRONMENT Influence of Elevation of Origin, Rate of Ascent and a Physical Conditioning Program on Symptoms of Acute Mountain Sickness. J. E. Hansen, C. W. Harris, and W. O. Evans. Military Med. ill, 585-592 (Aug., 1967). Acute mountain sickness was found in young normal subjects travelling rapidly from sea level to 11,400 feet or 14, 100 feet. It was not found in residents of 5-6, 000 feet travel ling rapidly to 11,400 feet. It was significantly decreased in sea level residents sent to 1 4, 1 Q0 feet with one week delays at 5200 feet and 11,400 feet. Cardiovascular fitness alone did not protect against illness. Headaches were the most distressing symptom; in several individuals they were lessened at high elevation by strenuous exercise. The pre sent study has isolated and identified some of the variables that influence the symptoms of acute mountain sickness. The ultimate cause may be recognized with the finding of an effective drug therapy or serial measurement of cerebrospinal fluid pressure, cerebral blood flow, or blood and cerebrospinal fluid pH and composition. There are 10 references. -- Authors' summary Activity of the Human Eccrine Sweat Gland During Exercise in a Hot Humid Environment Before and After Acclimatization. J. Peter and C.H. Wyndham. J. Physiol. 187, 583-594 (Dec., 1966). After acclimatization by exercise in a hot humid environment, increased sweat rates were found to be due mainly to increased glandular activity. On prolonged exposure the decline in sweat rates was attributed to glandular fatigue. There are 21 references. -- Public Health Eng. Absts. 03122625 17. HHtflB-0020219 Industrial Hygiene Digest September, 1967 875 876 877 878 879 Acclimatization of Highly Trained Men to Work in Severe Heat. S. Robinson. J. Appl. Physiol. 22, 9-1Z (Jan., 1967). R. W. Piwonka and When highly trained athletes, acclimatized to work in heat, performed the same work in a more intense heat stress, they experienced marked elevations of body temperature and heart rate in the first exposures, followed by significant improvements in heat tolerance in the succeeding days. Their principal adjustments with acclimatization involved a greatly increased cutaneous blood flow and a higher sweat rate per degree rise of rectal temperature. There are 16 references. -- Public Health Eng. Absts. Shivering and Heat Production in Men Exposed to Intense Cold. N. Glickman, et al. J. Appl. Physiol. 22, 1-8 (Jan., 1967). Heat production and integrated electrical activity of skeletal muscles related to shivering and muscle tenseness were simultaneously observed in 10 experiments on 9 healthy, clothed male subjects seated in a cold room (-28. 9C) for 4 hours. There was no evidence of increased heat production without an increase in muscle tenseness or shivering. There are 33 references. --Abst. cond., Pu blic Health Eng. Absts. Rate of Loss of Acclimatization in Summer and Winter. C.G. Williams, C.H. Wyndham, and J. F. Morrison. J. Appl. Physiol. 22, 21-26 (Jan., 1967). After being in cool conditions for 1, 2, and 3 weeks, there was a progressive rise in rectal temperature and heart rate and fall in sweat rate in the groups exposed to 4 hours of moderate work at 90F wet bulb. There was no significant difference between summer and winter values. Men who have been away from work in hot conditions for one week should be re acclimatized for one day before going back to work in hot conditions. There are 12 re ferences. -- Public Health Eng. Absts. Cold Exposure of Farm and Laboratory Workers. R. Goldsmith. J. Appi. Physiol. 22, 47-49 (Jan., 1967). After recording the time spent outdoors, hours of sleep, and amount of clothing worn by farm workers and laboratory workers, the author suggests that farm workers would be good subjects for cold acclimatization studies and that their relatively light clothing indicates a decreased sensitivity to cold. Six references are given. - - Public Health Eng. Absts. Appraisal of Apollo Launch Noise. B. O. French. Aerospace Med. 719-722 (July, 1967). This study describes a noise program completed at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Manned Spacecraft Center to assure that the Apollo mission launch noise would not be detrimental to the crew. A preliminary appraisal of the predicted noise environment indicated that the physiological effects of low-frequency noise had to be in vestigated and that the noise environment the crew would experience had to be carefully defined. Studies were initiated to define the external and internal environment during develop ment missions; to define the noise reduction of the spacecraft, helmet, and space suit; and to investigate the physiological effects and performance impairment when human subjects were exposed to low-frequency (below 100 cycles per second) acoustic environments. The results of the study indicate that the noise generated during launch will not adversely affect the Apollo crew. There are 14 references. -- Author's abst. 880 R ADI O A C T I VITY AND X-RADIATION Radiation Protection Training of Industrial Employees. W.C. Reining and G, E. C, Kauffman. Health Physics 13, 223-225 (Feb., 1967). Radiation safety training at the Savannah River Plant since the beginning of operations in 1951 is described. The plant includes fuel preparation facilities, reactors, and radio chemical separation areas. The objective of minimizing radiation exposure and the train ing program is to alleviate the apprehension of employees working with radioactive materials by making them aware of the potential hazards and giving the workers the knowledge to cope with these hazards. -- APCA Absts., modified 03122626 18. Industrial Hygiene Digest Seotembe r M W 08-0020220 881 882 I ENVIRONMENTAL MEASUREMENTS 1 Computer Analysis of the California Cycle. R. S. Spindt. J. Air Poll. Control Assoc. 17, 166*167 (March, 1967). The current trend toward greater instrumentation in analysis of automobile exhaust gases is sure to increase in future years. This will come about as a result of increased activity to find a solution to air pollution problems resulting from automobile exhaust gases. Owing to the complex driving cycle needed to evaluate vehicle emission, considerable time has been required to analyze and interpret the records from any run. To alleviate this analytic problem, an automatic data logger was obtained that records on magnetic tape the signal from a number of analytical instruments each second (in binary coded decimal form). These records are then analyzed on a computer to give integrated and averaged results over the specified driving cycle. There is no longer any need for manual evaluation of the data. In addition to the standard analyses already mentioned, the use of the data logger permits a much more com plete analysis of what is happening in a vehicle. For example, the analytical instruments used include an oxygen analyzer in addition to carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and hydro carbons. With these measurements the air-fuel ratio of any or all driving conditions can be calculated. Two references are given. -- Author's abst. A Radiometer for Continuous Wave Laser Radiation. J. W. Steam. J. Sci. Instr. 44, 218-219 (March, 1967). The power monitor described was designed to measure the radiated power from continuous wave lasers operating in the visible and near infrared bands. It is absolutely calibrated and is sensitive to the spatial distribution of the incident radiation. The device can be designed for any power level in excess of 10 mw. and its response time, 0-90% is approximately one minute. -- APCA Absts. PREVENTIVE E~NG INEERING 1 883 Testing Chemical Detonation Characteristics. C. Grelecki. Natl. Safety News 96, 49-53 (July, 1967). Detonation testing is a very important phase of new product evaluation. An accurate knowledge of a material's tendency to detonate is required if it is to be handled safely and used effi ciently. Unfortunately, a complete evaluation of a meterial's explosive properties is not an easy task. Subtle interactions between the explosive and its environment make most detona tion tests extremely dependent on the test apparatus; and most tests merely give relative ratings under specific conditions. Therefore, a single test is never sufficient to characterize a material's sensitivity or explosive properties. A number of different tests must be employed in order to cover a wide range of experimental variables. The difficulties involved in detonation testing and interpretation of detonation test data was recognized at Thiokol Chemical Corporation's Reaction Motors Division (TCC-RMD) and a systematic detonation test program has been developed. A number of tests are used, depending on the properties of the particular material under investigation. The test program is flexible and versatile and can accommodate the variety of new chemical products currently of interest. Output tests and gap tests have been developed for use with liquids having vapor pressure in excess of 500 psia under the test condition. Output testing is performed in a modified version oi tne Trauzl Block Test. The procedure can be used with volatile as well as non-volatile materials. The results are helpful in determining the hazards involved is handling small quantities of explosive materials. Materials that do not detonate in small scale tests are tested under increasingly more rigorous conditions in order to define the limits of detonability. The Constant Current Resistance Wire Method of measuring detonation velocities is used as the criterion of detonation. The method is well suited for examining the effect of such vari ables as composition of container material, temperature, charge size, and geometry. Three references are given. -- Author's conclusions 03122627 19. Industrial Hygiene Digest Septemfae r, 1967 fi84 885 A System for Safe Handling of Perchloric Acid Fumes, Air Eng. _9, 20-22 (July, 1967). R. B. Boies. Between 1959 and 1962, explosions--causing one death and several injuries--occurred during routine maintenance inspections of perchloric acid fume ventilating systems. These ex plosions spurred an investigation at the laboratory of the National Lead Company of Ohio. A safe system was designed for exhausting perchloric acid fumes, and a quick test develop ed for the detection of dangerous perchlorates. The story of the investigation and solution of the problem are described in this paper. Respiratory Protective Equipment. D. E. Albert. Natl. Safety News 96, 59-65 (July, 1967). Selection of the proper type of respiratory protective equipment should be based on the following procedures: (1) identify the substance or substances against which protection is necessary (2) know the hazards and significant properties of each substance (3) determine the conditions of exposure, and level of air contaminant present (4) ascertain whether any human capabilities and limitations are essential to the safe use of the devices (5) fit the respirator carefully and instruct the worker in its use. -- Author's conclusion 886 887 888 1 COMMUNITY AIR HYGIENE I A Summary of the New York Urban Air Pollution Dynamics Research Program. J, Air Poll. Control Assoc. 154-158 (March, 1967). B. Davidson. A description is given of the experimental techniques employed in a study of urban air pollution in the New York Metropolitan Area. The experimental measurements consist of an anemometer network, a sulfur dioxide ground network, an upper level wind network and programmed flight of a helicopter, and fixed winged aircraft equipped to measure pressure height, temperature, wet bulb depression, and sulfur dioxide concentration. Some highlights of the observational program are shown. These include detailed pictures of the height distri bution of the urban heat island, associated wind flow patterns, and their effect on the distri bution of concentration within the city. Some examples are given of the three-dimensional distribution of temperature and sulfur dioxide within the urban area. These observations are discussed in the context of a numerical model. Three references are given. -- Author's abst. A Method for Using Air Pollution Measurements and Public Opinion to Establish Ambient Air Quality Standards. W,W. Stalker and C. B. Robison. J. Air Poll. Control Assoc. 17, 142-144 (March, 1967). Air quality was comprehensively evaluated by means of sampling at 21 locations over metro politan Birmingham during a period of one year. Thousands of integrated samples of three common atmospheric gaseous pollutants and two common particulate pollutants were collect ed and analyzed. Following the year of sampling in 1964, a random household survey was completed by conducting personal interviews at more than 7, 200 households over metropolitan Birmingham. Statistical reduction of household survey results by census tract and by neighborhood area provided domestic fuel and waste burning emission data as well as public (resident) opinion on specific air pollution effects. The relationship between ambient air quality and neighborhood opinion of air pollution effects on health and property are evaluated statistically. Ambient standards are suggested which are based upon those air pollution levels shown to have adverse effects on approximately one-third of the people. There are 10 references. -- Authors' abst. Analysis of the Atmosphere for Light Hydrocarbons. E. R.Stephens and F. R. Burleson. J. Air Poll. Control Assoc. 1_7_, 147-153 (March, 1967). A procedure has been developed for the analysis of trace quantities of light hydrocarbons in air. A freeze-trap filled with chromatographic packing was installed in place of the gas sample loop of a flame ionization chromatograph. An air sample 0. 1 -0. 5 liter volume was passed through the trap which was chilled with liquid oxygen. The trap was then brought to ice temperature and its contents simultaneously swept into the column. The resulting chromatogram could be used to determine about 25 hydrocarbons through n-hexane. The 20. 03122628 O - r-n (rii i^l Industrial Hygiene Digest September, ia6~ H W 8 8 -0 0 2 0 2 2 1 1 minimum detectable concentration was below 1 ppb for these hydrocarbons. With such sensitivity it is possible to make useful measurements even on samples of light air pollution. Air samples from the Riverside (California) area were analyzed in this fashion starting in the summer of 1965. The relative amounts of these hydrocarbons were then compared with the distribution reported for the various known hydrocarbon sources. The attenuation of the more reactive hydrocarbons by photolysis was also observed. A system for irradiating trapped air samples was also constructed. Samples were collected in five-gallon borosilicate bottles which were then irradiated with ultraviolet radiation and the concentration changes followed. There are 9 references. -- Authors' abst. 889 Direct GLC Coulometric Analysis of Kraft Mill Gases. D.F. Adams and R.K. Koppe. J. Air Poll. Control Assoc. 17, 161-165 (March, 1967). A new bromine, microcoulometric titration cell has been used with a commercially-available microcoulometer for the detection and analysis of sulfur-containing gases in various kraft mill emissions. Separation of the constitutents of the gaseous mixtures emitted from mill sources including the recovery furnace, digestors, evaporators, limekiln, and dissolvers was accomplished on an 8-ft, 3/16-in. stainless steel column packed with 1 0o Triton X-305 on 60-80 mesh Chromosorb G, DMCS-treated. The column was isothermally operat ed at 30* C for 4-6 mins, and then rapidly raised to 70 C. The exact program was varied with the type of sample analyzed. Each source gas was initally screened by direct injection of 0. 01 -0. 1 ml. of gas to determine whether or not disproportionately large concentrations of one or more compounds were present. Appropriate sample volumes were then selected to provide "on-scale" recorder peaks for the major constitutents. Elution times for the major constitutents were observed so that these compounds could be vented at the proper time following injection of large sample volumes (up to 10 ml.) for detection and analysis of minor constitutents. Venting of the high concentration compounds was necessary when analyzing large volume samples to maintain near equilibrium titration conditions in the microtitration cell. There are 12 references. -- Authors' abst. 890 Process Evaluation System Developed for the Emission Inventory. P. Loquercio, A.R. Dammkoehler, and R. Goldberg. J. Air Poll. Control Assoc. 168-171 (March, 1967). Two applications of the newly devised process evaluation criterion are described: (I) The transformation of process data concerning the air pollution sources into machine language so that it may be correlated with Chicago's Emission Inventory; and, (2) the application of its principles to the administration of the permit system. This criterion for the evaluation of process activity is completely different from any other method used throughout the country. Examples of its application are given. There are 7 references. -- Authors' abst. 891 The Interstate Air Pollution Surveillance Program Effects Network. G.A. Jutze, R.L. Harris, Jr., M. Georgevich. J. Air Poll. Control Assoc. 1_7, 291-293 (May, 1967). A program has been designed to meet a nationwide intelligence-gathering responsiblity to obtain general and relative information on current and potential air pollution in areas where interstate transport of pollution may reasonably be expected to exist. This paper describes the field devices utilized in the program. By means of these static "effects packages", data will be accumulated on: dustfall, particulate impingement, sulfation, corrosion, and tarnish ing of metals, and deterioration of textiles, dyes, and rubber. Data accumulated during the "pilot phase" of this program will be discussed. There are 7 references. -- Authors' abst. 892 New and Improved Procedures for Gas Sampling and Analysis in the National Air Sampling Network. G.B. Morgan, C. Golden, andE.C. Tabor. J. Air Poll. Control Assoc. 17, 300-304 (May, 1967). The National Air Sampling Network (NASN) sampler for the collection of gaseous pollutants has been modified to increase its versatility and efficiency. Oxides of nitrogen are collected in bubblers employing a 70-100 micron frit with a collection efficiency of approximately 50?o depending upon the frit porosity. Included in the sampler is a bubbler for the collection of aldehydes in which the aldehyde-3-methyl-2-benzothiazolone hydrozone hydrochloride (MBTH) complex is stable at least two weeks. This inert bubbler, which is constructed of polypropylene and teflon, makes it possible for samples to be collected over the network and analyzed at a central laboratory. In addition, gaseous ammonia is collected in 0. IN sulfuric acid. This 03122629 21. industrial Hygiene Digest September, 196? collective system has an efficiency of greater than 85%. Low-level samples are analyzed automatically employing nesslerization, whereas high-level samples from source emissions may be collected in indicatine boric acid and titrated with 0. 02N sulfuric acid. The sampler will accomodate either 50 or 100 ml. polypropylene collecting tubes. There are 7 references. - - Authors ' abst. 893 Selection of Adhesive-Coated Materials for Particulate Sampling. \V. L. Pritchard, C.E. Schumann,' and C.W, Gruber. J. Air Poll. Control Assoc. 17, 305-307 {May, 1967). The use of adhesive surfaces for the collection and evaluation of airborne particulates, in cluding radioactive dusts and aeroallergens, is steadily increasing. Although many tyr>es of adhesives and adhesive-coated materials are commercially available, vtry few are suitable for continuous monitoring applications. Late in 1964, the Cincinnati Division of Air Pollution Control received a U.S. Public Health Service, Division of Air Pollution, Research Grant for the refinement and standardization of a method of particulate sampling utilizing adhesive surfaces as collection media. One of the first phases of this project was to select the adhesive-coated material best suited for the method. The research which led to this selection, from a group of 37 different materials, is reported. There are 9 references. -- Authors' abst. 894 Stack Emission Sampling. J. S. Leonard Tappi 49, 84A-85A (1966). Potential air pollution in kraft pulping emission consists essentially of solid particulate and sulfur containing malodorous gases. A special device for sampling the air pollutants in kraft pulping emissions, solids and S-containing gases, was constructed and installed at 4 stations on the stack. The device operates on an electrostatic precipitator principle and allows the simultaneous determination of solids and sulfur-containing gases. -- APCA Absts. 895 The Effects of Air Pollution on Exposed Cotton Fabrics. R. J. Brysson, et al. J. Air Poll. Control Assoc. 17, 294-298 {May, 1967). This report covers the results of one-year exposure studies of cotton fabrics exposed at different environmental sites in the metropolitan St. Louis, Mo., and Chicago, 111. areas. The 12 sites range from heavy industrial to essentially rural. The data presented definitely establish a relationship between air pollution and accelerated degradation of cotton fabrics. The data include strength retention of several cotton fabrics and air pollution data, as determined by periodic measurement of dustfall, suspended particulate matter, sulfation, and sulfur dioxide. Ther are 9 references. -- Authors, abst. 896 Measuring the Improvements in the Control Aspects of Programs Aided by Federal Grants. C. D. Yaffe and W. F. Johnson. J. Air Poll. Control Assoc. 17, 316-318 (May, 1967). Ambient air standards, emission standards, and program activities are considered in a search for appropriate indices for measuring program progress and effectiveness. The authors suggest that such indices can best be based on data related to weight of emissions. Several methods for expression accomplishment are presented for consideration. -- Authors' abst. 897 Additive Improves Combustion of Residual Fuel Oil. Anon. Oil Gas J. 65, 104 (Jan. 16, 1967). A manganese-containing organometallic compound, when used in the approximate ratio of 1. 5 gal. to 52, 000 gal. of fuel oil, reduced the sulfur trioxide content of flue gas about 45%. -- Public Health Eng. Absts. 898 Removing Solid and Mist Particles From Exhaust Gases. N. Morash, M. Krouse, and W. P. Vasseller. Chem. Eng. Progr. 63, 70-74 (March, 1967). The laboratory and pilot plant development work for a technique which successfully removes submicron size dust and acid mist particles from laden exhaust gases is described. The result obtained when an irrigated, thin, felted fiber filter is used to remove a mixture of fine titanium dioxide pigmentary particles and sulfuric acid mist particles from the exhaust gases of pigment calciners is discussed. -- APCA Absts. 03122630 22. n V___' Industrial Hygiene Digest Seotembe r. 899 900 rsj Flame Temperature in Oil-Fired Fuel-Burning Equipment and its Relationship to CarbonacedP* Particulate Emissions. H.A. Belyea and W. J. Holland " " 5" J. Air Poll. Control Assoc. 17, 320-323 (May, 1967). S ffi Field'tests were conducted on 82 fuel-burning installations ranging from 50 to 500 np, fired j with residual fuel oils. A flame pyrometer was used to measure peak flame temperatures. Coarse particulates were measured by impingement on adhesive paper strips inserted at right angles to the gas flow and fine particulates by filtration of the gas sample through filter* paper. Both were evaluated using a standard Bacharach Scale. The tests clearly established that both coarse and fine particulate matter invariably occurred with low flame temperatures but decreased appreciably when peak flame temperatures reached approximately 2650 F. Minimum values were observed at temperatures somewhere between 2750 and 2850 F. This research was conducted as a result of the problem of acid smut and carbonaceous (cenosoherel fallout which appears to have increased with the advent of modern high-efficiency low-temperature heating installations and taller, cooler operating chimneys; sudden deluges of particles from the chimney serving large oil-burning plants soil clothing, pit car finishes, and damage nylon stockings and other materials. Four references are given. -- Authors' abst. Controlling Problems of Air and Water Contamination. Paper Trade J. 42-47 (Jan. 16, 1967). H. F.J. Wenzel and O. V. Ingruber. The recent literature related to technical problems in the reduction of kraft pulp mill gaseous and liquid effluents is reviewed. Sources of odors, gas chromatographic analysis, odor threshold, topographic considerations, black liquor oxidation, liquid effluents, effect on stream oxygen, and biological oxygen demand (BOD) levels are discussed. There are 50 references. ~ APCA Absts. 901 History of Efforts at Incineration in the Los Angeles Area. N.B. Hume. J. Air Poll. Control Assoc. l_7, 308-309 (May, 1967). The history of incineration in Los Angeles from 1943 to the present is reviewed as representative of all southern California areas. -- Author's abst. 902 Atmospheric Emissions From Open Burning. R.W. Cerstle and D.A. Kemnitz. J. Air Poll. Control Assoc. 1_7, 324-327 (May, 1967). Emission data have been derived from the simulated open burning of municipal refuse, land scape refuse, and automobile components. The data confirm that disposal of refuse by open, uncontrolled burning invariably leads to higher emissions than incineration and creates an unnecessary air pollution problem. There are 10 references. -- Authors' abst. 903 Pollution by Exhaust: US Law and UK System. Anon. Engineering 203, 21 3-216 (Feb. 10, 1967). 904 The California regulations for exhaust emissions are based on a test that includes cold starting, idling, accelerating, and stopping, and that closely resembles normal city driving. Four methods to reduce toxic emissions are described: injection method adaptation of a climatic combustion control system, various methods of fuel injection, and the ''Duplex" induction system. -- Public Health Eng. Absts. The Performance of Positive Crankcase Ventilation Systems on Automobiles in Cincinnati, Ohio: Report No. 2. W.A. Cote. J. Air Poll. Control Assoc. 17, 139-141 (March, 1967). In January 1966, 483 randomly selected 1963 1 966-model automobiles were inspected at the Cincinnati Vehicle Inspection Station to determine the effectiveness of their positive crank case ventilation systems. AH of these automobiles should have had crankcase ventilation systems installed in accord with the voluntary program of the automobile manufacturers. However, 48 of the automobiles inspected had no positive crankcase ventilation system. In addition, 27 cars were equpped with systems which could not readily be tested. Testing of the remaining 408 cars was performed with a combination pressure-vacuum gauage designed to measure the airflow in the crankcase. Results showed that 71% of the positive crankcase ventilation systems tested were operating satisfactorily and impending maintenance of systems was indicated for 29% of the automobiles tested. Although the systems of certain makes of cars performed considerably better than others, a definite decrease in system performance with increasing age and mileage was observed for the cars tested. The performance data indicate that the periodic maintenance required for positive crankcase ventilation systems is not being implemented. Only 47.5% of the drivers questioned were aware of the system and only 10% knew whether their system had been serviced. There are 3 references. -- Author's abst. 23. Indust rial Hygiene Digest September, 1967 oo? Magnosiuni Oxide il< c n, System. Design and P- rformance. J. L. Clement. Tappi^9, 127A-134A fAu^., Woo). Equipment arrangements are presented to meet the requirements o: a magnesia base pulp mill for complete recovery of heat m.d chemicals from spent sulfite liquor. Several designs of recovery boilers including alternate arrangements and designs of economizers and air heaters provide heat recovery in an integrated system. Boiler design can incorporate auxiliary fuel firing to assure steam production independent of iiquor availability. Recovered magnesium oxide is used to remove - sulfur dioxide from combustion gases in a venturi absorption system to prepare acid at a concentration required by the puip mill. The capacity of a recovery system is about twice as large for a low yield dissolving-grade pulp as for a pulp to be used in newsprint. -- APCA Absts. M A N A C E M E X T ASPECTS 906 Some Paradoxes of Workmen's Compensation. J. R. Ong, Jr. Ind. Med. L Surg. 36, 468-471, 474-476 (July, 1967). A plea has been set forth for the honest and objective evaluation of permanent disability by physicians doing this type of work. The paradox between rehabilitation and permanent dis ability achievement for rating purposes has been pointed out. Some factors affecting subjective disability and its evaluation have been discussed, including aggravation and apportionment of preexisting abnormalities: the recommendation is made that "subjective disability" not be rateable. Some aspects of so-called atrophy" were discussed with the recommendation that joint(s) function (ranee, strength, stability) be employed in the evaluation, rather than the indirect, inferential, static, circumferential measurement presently used. What price awards? -- some of the factors which affect applicants involved in litigation before an Industrial Accident Commission for permanent disabilitv establishment are outlined, together with some of the paradoxical repercussions which occur therefrom. The problem of awards from an employer for death not related to industrial employment, but rather the result of a disease process, has been discussed. This will force industry to take another look at hiring practices. -- Author's summary AC CID E 1: T 5 AND PREVENTION 907 High Pressure Water Iniurv, A.W. Gardner. Trans. Soc. Occ. Med. _i_o, 50 (Jan., 1^66). An oil refinery maintenance operator was one of a team of four who were cleaning the fouled tubes of a heat exchanger, using a high pressure salt (sea) water lance with eight forwardfiring jets. The pressure of the water at the nozzle of the lance was 6, 000-6, 500 lb. /sq. inch (420-460 kg. /sq. cm. ' at the time of the incident. A diagram of the system is shown in the report. In spite of prior realization of this hazard, and considerable efforts to prevent trouble, one of the men sustained an injury from the high pressure water. The potential seriousness of such an injury can be inferred by the fact that it nearly caused a cavity wound of the abdomen. The main reasons for reporting this case are: (1) To call attention to the hazards of high pressure fluids. (2) To report an unusual type of injury. (3) To demonstrate that such cases can be. treated at work. P08 Research Problems in Industrial Accidents. J. Simpson. Trans. Soc. Occ. Med. _l_n, ila-lJi (Oct., 1966). At the root of any accident are human factors of one kind or another; these factors, however, are meaningless without reference to such environmental conditions as the nature of the work 24. 03122632 Industrial Hygiene Digest September, IQ6T and the physical and chemical aspects of the environment. Most accidents result from non- rn specific etiology and multiple causes; therefore, the epidemiological approach offers most promise for future studies. This approach is primarily concerned with the identification andS control of: (a) the susceptibility of persons to accidents; (b) injurious properties of specific ^ agents; and (c) the harmful interactions between persons and agents of the environment. ThS3 human factors that predominate in accident causation relate to age and sex, job experience * and training and emotional adjustment. Although most studies have failed to verify the con- * cept of accident proneness, the important role of emotional and personal maladjustments hasfi* been demonstrated. Understanding of the influence of environmental variables on human per* formance is another requirement. In the past, decisions on corrective actions have led to what are improvements in industrial safety. Most of the improvements have been technical ones with obvious justification once attention was directed to the problem. Future improve ments, however, will have a much more subtle basis. What is required is a more general method of analyzing and collating the data obtained from individual accident investigations, together with the techniques of acquiring more detailed information about the probable causes of accidents, even when these data are less than perfectly reliable. The application of modern statistical concepts to the study of accidents is desirable and is now being actively pursued. The controlled, univariate experiment in which nothing but the independent variable alters to an important degree is now inapplicable and obsolete. It is the multivariate statistical design that would seem to provide an effective method of handling both the controlled variable and the uncontrolled variable in situations where traditional control is impossible. Therefore, a future step in safety research will be to formulate some sophisticated designs of this multivariate order. -- Author's summary 909 Control of Accidents in Rural Areas. J. A. Waller. J. Am. Med. Assoc. 201, 176-180 (July 17, 1967). Rural fatality rates from accidents are much higher than those in urban areas, to a large extent because of less adequate emergency treatment and more hazardous types of occupational and other activities. Carefully designed programs which are subjected to adequate evaluation can make significant inroads on this unnecessary toll of human resources. Greater attention must be paid to specific education related to accidents resulting from ignorance of hazards, to development of more adequate environmental controls to circumvent human failings, and to better coordination of emergency medical services. Unsophisticated programs aimed primarily at motivating people to change their behavior can be expected to have as limited success in the accident field as they have had in all other fields of endeavor. There are 19 references. -- Author's summary 910 MISCELLANEOUS The Aerospace Revolution. The 1967 Louis H. Bauer Lecture. Aerospace Med. 38, 667-671 (July, 1967). E. C. Welsh. "In 1961, this Nation resolved to send a manned expedition to the moon in this decade. Much hard work remains and many obstacles must still be overcome before that goal is met. Yet, in the last few years we have progressed far enough that we must now look beyond our original objective and set our course for the more distant future. Indeed, we have no alternative unless we wish to abandon the manned space capability we have created, " President. Johnson has ad vised the Congress. We are just beginning to develop launch vehicles and methods of sending them on their voyages and bringing them back to earth. We will also be melding together the major features of aeronautics and astronautics, so that space vehicles will in fact have great maneuverable reentry ability and will be recovered, refueled, maintained, and reused. We expect not only to have men land on the moon in the next few years, but we expect to follow this with other trips to explore the lunar surface and possibly to establish one or more bases there. We will also have permanent manned earth orbiting stations with a variety of functions and missions. Such activities would include looking away from the earth to take a magnificnet step forward in astronomy and looking down toward the earth to increase our knowledge about earth activities, earth characteristics, and earth environment. We would expect to have unmanned probes throughout the solar system and manned expeditions to visit planets whenever that be comes promising and practicable. While all this is going on, we expect great progress in communications, navigation, weather prediction and possibly weather control --all through the use of the space dimension. 03122633 25. Industrial Hygiene Digest INDEX Acciaent(s) control in rural areas 909 high pressure water injury 907 research problems in industrial 908 Adhesive materials for particulate sampling 893 Aerosol(s) electrostatic sampler 870 Aerospace revolution 196" Louis H. Bauer Lecture 910 Air analysis for light hydrocarbons 888 Air pollutants, carbon monoxide 848 Air pollution control additive improves fuel oil combustion 897 aspects of programs 896 in kraft pulp mills 900 particulate emissions from oil-fired equipment 899 removing solids and mists from gases 898 crankcase ventilation performance 904 effects on cotton fabrics 895 emissions from open burning 902 exhaust gases, US law and UK system 903 measurement (s) adhesive-coated materials for parti culate sampling 893 analysis of kraft mill gases 889 for light hydrocarbons 888 improved procedures for gas sampling 892 interstate surveillance program 891 process evaluation system for emissions 890 public opinion to establish air quality standards 887 New York urban research program 886 Apollo, appraisal of launch noise 8"9 Asbestos danger for genera! population 867 recent studies on biological effects 866 Back injuries' and disabilities 829 Bacterial flora of the skin relation to wound infection 841 Benzidine, cohort study of workers 859 Beryllium US case registry (1952-1966) 856 Betanaphthvl amine cohort study of workers 859 Body temperature monitoring in external auditory meatus 842 Books how to keep fit and enjoy it 819 malformations and amputations of the upper extremity 818 research on oxygen toxicity at cellular level 820 Burns, treatment, levitation for larsearea844 Cadmium, hypertension reversal in rats 8 55 September, 1967 California cycle, computer analysis 881 Cancer of upper respiratory tract from smoking 831 Carbon monoxide as air pollutant 848 behavioral effect on rats 847 Carcinogens betanaphthylamine and benzidine 85^ Cardiac massage who should learn external? 821 Cataract(s), in nuclear-reactor workers 827 Che mical(s) testing detonation characteristics 883 Chicken-plucker, pulmonary disease 864 Cholesterol review of human metabolism 828 Cincinnati crankcase ventilation performance 904 Closed chest cardiac massage 822 Coccidioidomycosis, primary 839 Cold (low temperature) exposure offarmand laboratory workers 878 rate loss of acclimatization 877 shivering and cold production in men 876 Contact lens, aeromedical implications 826 Crankcase ventilation performance 904 Detonation testing, of chemicals Dieldrin (HEOD) determination in blood Dust(s) pulmonary disease in chicken-plucker Dust collector(s) collection electrostatic precipitation Dust counting, determination diffraction instrument 883 863 864 872 869 Ear granuloma of middle ear from starch powder Eccrine sweat gland activity during exercise in hot humid environment Electrostatic precipitator(s) progress in high temperature Epilepsy, employment of epileptics Exhaust gases, automotive engines computer analysis of California cycle US law and UK system Expolsion(s) detonation testing of chemicals Eye ae romedical implications of contact lens survey of nuclear-reactor workers 840 874 872 830 881 903 883 826 827 Fiberglass, endurance of filters FilterTs) endurance of fiberglass fabrics Fluoride(s) control of emissions from industry 871 871 849 03122634 r-- /- .; O':------'l - fe' >--" -'--" (CD) Tw 0, [0 s2l- __ _--,, _--^ ------ ! C<1 s ,,---- _ O,^) _ rw------ -] Imhistri.nl Hygiene Digest Fuunriryfios), emission control Furl oil additive improves combustion particulate emissions from oil-fired equipment Fungus infection(s) primary coccidioidomycosis 868 897 899 839 Cranduloma of middle ear from surgeon's glove powder 840 Health how to keep fit and enjoy it (bk. rev, 1 Hearing ios s due to adenovirus infection sensorineural for low tones sudden deafness Heat acclimatization of highly trained men humidity, activity of human eccrine sweat gland Kieh pressure water injury Hvdrazine, effect on carbohydrate metabolism heat balance and matabolic energy Hydrocarbons, analysis of atmospheric 819 823 825 824 875 874 907 861 860 888 Incineration emissions from open burning history of efforts in Los Angeles Indians incidence of diseases among southwestern American Insecticides determination of dieldrin (HEOD) in blood virus replication 902 901 843 863 862 Kraft mill gases, coulometric analysis 889 Laserfs) radiometer for continuous wave radiation 882 Lead poisoning from lead shot in appendix 857 Los Aneeles history of efforts at incineration 901 Low back, injuries and disabilities 829 Magnesium oxide recovery in paper pulp mill 905 Mountain sickness, symptoms of acute 873 New York State mortality among talc miners urban air pollution program Nitrogen dioxide effect on resistance to respiratory infection enzyme alterations after exposure Noise, appraisal in Apollo launch 865 886 851 852 879 Ophthalmology contact lens, aeromedicai implications eye survey of nuclear-reactor workers 826 827 Seotembe r. ; 96? Oregon, smoking patte ms of physicians 834 Oxygen hematologic effects of increased tension s8 research on toxicity at cellular level (bk. rev. ) 84S toxicity, pulmonary mechanics associated with Paints toxic hazards in manufacture 850*9 09 3 84* Perchloric acid system for safe handling of fumes 884 Poisoning, accidental, of children 846 Primates, major zoonoses 837 Rabies exposure to man 836 inhibiting substances in skunks 838 Radiation (ionizing nuclear, x-rav, etc.) protection training of employees 880 Respirator(s), selection of proper type 885 Resuscitation closed chest cardiac massage 822 who should learn cardiac massage? 821 Skin bacterial flora, relation to wound infection 841 Smoking among Oregon physicians 834 cancer of upper respiratory tract 831 cigarette smoke toxicity for paramecium 833 relation to morphological constitution 832 Space flight aerospace revolution 910 appraisal of Apollo launch noise 879 Staphylococcic infection from veterinary hospital 835 Stack(s) emission sampling from kraft mills 894 Sulfur dioxide removal in paper pulp mill 905 Surgery malformations and amputations of the upper extremity (bk. rev. ) 818 Talc mortality among miners inN. Y. State 865 Tellurium hygienic standard content in water 850 Temperature, body monitoring in external auditorymeatus 842 Vanadium pentoxide human responses to exposure 858 Veterinarians, staphylococcic infections 835 Workmen's compensation some paradoxes of 906 Zoonoses exposure of man to rabies 836 of primates 837 rabies inhibiting substances in skunks 838 03122635 Industrial Hygiene Digest September, 1967 ADDRESSES OF JOURNALS ABSTRACTED Aerospace Med. Aerospace Medicine Washington National Airport, Washington, D.C. 20001 Air Eng. Air Engineering 450 West Fort St., Detroit, Michigan 48226 Am. J. Vet. Res. American Journal of Veterinary Research 600 S. Michigan Ave., Chicago, 111. 60605 Arch, Environmental Health Archives of Environmental Health 535 N. Dearborn St., Chicago, III. 60610 Arch. Otolaryngol. Archives of Otolaryngology 535 N. DearbornSt., Chicago, III. 60610 Arch. Pathol. Archives of Pathology 535 N. DearbornSt., Chicago, III. 60610 Bacterid Rev, Bacteriological Reviews, Williams & Wilkins 428 E. Preston St., Baltimore, Md. 21202 Cancer J. B. Lippincott Company East W-shington Square, Philadelphia, Pa. 19105 Chem. Eng. Progr. Chemical Engineering Progress 345 East 47th St., New York, N.Y. 10017 Engineering 36 Bedford St., Strand, London WC2, England Foundry PentonBldg., Cleveland, Ohio 44113 Gigiena i Sanit. Gigiena i Sanitariya Medgia, Gig. 1 Sanit., Petrovka 12, Moskva U. S. S. R. Health Phys. Health Physics, Pergamon Press, 122 East 55th St., Inc. New York, N.Y. 1 0022 Ind. Med. St Surg. Industrial Medicine & Surgery 323 S. Franklin St., Chicago, 111. 60606 J. Air Poll. Control Assn. Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association 4400 Fifth Ave., Pittsburgh, Pa. 15213 J. Am. Med. Assn, Journal of the American Medical Association 535 N. DearbornSt., Chicago, 111. 60610 J. Am. Soc. Safety Eng. Journal of the American Society of Safety Engineers 5 N. Wabash Ave., Chicago, III. 60602 J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Assoc. 600 S. Michigan Ave., Chicago, 111. 60605 J. Appl. Physiol. Journal of the Applied Physiology 9650 Wisconsin Ave., Washington, D.C. 20014 J. Occ. Med. Journal of Occupational Medicine Hoeber Medical Div., Harper L Row 2 Park Ave., New York, N.Y. 10016 J. Physiol (London) The Journal of Physiology Cambridge University Press 32 East 57th St., New York, N.Y. 1 0022 J. Sci. Instr. Journal of Scientific Instruments 47 Belgrave Sq., London SW1, England Lancet "AdamSt., Adelphi, London WC2, England Med. Proc. (Johannesburg) Medical Proceedings, Juta and Co. Ltd. P.O. Box 1010, Johannesburg, South Africa Military Med. Military Medicine 1 500 Massachusetts Ave., Washington, D.C. 20005 N.W. Munch, med. Wochschr, Munchener medizinische Wochenschrift Paul-Heyse-Strasse 26, Munich 15, Germany Natl. Safety News National Safety News 425 N. Michigan Ave., Chicago, III. 60611 New Engl. J. Med. New England Journal of Medicine 1 0 Shattuck St., Boston, Mass. 02115 Oil Gas J. Oil and Gas Journal 211 S. Cheyenne Ave., Tulsa, Oklahoma 74103 Paint Technol. Paint Technology Sawell Publishing Company 4 Ludgate Circus, London EC4, England Paper Trade J, Paper Trade Journal Lockwood Trade Journal Inc., 551 Fifth Ave., New York, N.Y. 10017 Public Health Repts. Public Health R eports Department of Health, Education & Welfare Washington, D.C. 20201 Rev. Sci. Instr. Reviews of Scientific Instruments American Institute of Physics 335 East 45th St., NewYork, N.Y. 10017 TAPPI Journal of the Technical Assocation of the Pulp and Paper Industry 360 Lexington Ave., NewYork, N.Y. 1 0017 Trans. Soc. Occ. Med. T ransactions of the Society of Occupational Med. Royal College of Surgeons Lincoln's Inn Fields London WC2, England 03122636